UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2010
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-15251
LABRANCHE & CO INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 13-4064735 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
33 Whitehall Street, New York, New York 10004 | ||
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) |
(212) 425-1144
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | x | |||
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares of the registrants common stock outstanding as of November 5, 2010 was 40,931,997.
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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements. |
LaBRANCHE & CO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(000s omitted except per share data)
(unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 (1) | 2010 | 2009 (1) | |||||||||||||
REVENUES: |
||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) gain on trading |
$ | (3,784 | ) | $ | 11,863 | $ | 17,361 | $ | 16,303 | |||||||
Commissions and other fees |
2,095 | 7,222 | 11,081 | 22,961 | ||||||||||||
Trading interest |
239 | | 1,288 | 1,925 | ||||||||||||
Other |
189 | 727 | 948 | 3,269 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues |
(1,261 | ) | 19,812 | 30,678 | 44,458 | |||||||||||
Interest expense: |
||||||||||||||||
Debt |
| 5,388 | 2,639 | 16,445 | ||||||||||||
Inventory financing |
2,315 | 5,269 | 11,581 | 16,359 | ||||||||||||
Total interest expense |
2,315 | 10,657 | 14,220 | 32,804 | ||||||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense |
(3,576 | ) | 9,155 | 16,458 | 11,654 | |||||||||||
EXPENSES: |
||||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and related benefits |
5,413 | 11,164 | 21,966 | 27,958 | ||||||||||||
Exchange, clearing and brokerage fees |
2,963 | 9,542 | 13,271 | 25,529 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
479 | 1,025 | 1,451 | 2,948 | ||||||||||||
Legal and professional fees |
1,183 | 695 | 2,955 | 1,929 | ||||||||||||
Communications |
1,986 | 710 | 7,131 | 7,163 | ||||||||||||
Occupancy |
828 | 2,617 | 2,702 | 2,058 | ||||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt |
| | 7,192 | (762 | ) | |||||||||||
Other |
1,406 | 2,548 | 5,104 | 8,621 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
14,258 | 28,301 | 61,772 | 75,444 | ||||||||||||
(Loss) from continuing operations before (benefit) provision for income taxes |
(17,834 | ) | (19,146 | ) | (45,314 | ) | (63,790 | ) | ||||||||
(Benefit) for income taxes |
(7,385 | ) | (7,720 | ) | (17,480 | ) | (26,196 | ) | ||||||||
(Loss) from continuing operations |
(10,449 | ) | (11,426 | ) | (27,834 | ) | (37,594 | ) | ||||||||
Discontinued operations: |
||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations of discontinued unit |
| 4,123 | (352 | ) | 19,583 | |||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
| 1,597 | (4,019 | ) | 7,323 | |||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations |
| 2,526 | 3,667 | 12,260 | ||||||||||||
Net (loss) |
$ | (10,449 | ) | $ | (8,900 | ) | $ | (24,167 | ) | $ | (25,334 | ) | ||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
42,082 | 53,638 | 44,409 | 55,790 | ||||||||||||
Diluted |
42,082 | 53,638 | 44,409 | 55,790 | ||||||||||||
Basic net (loss) per common share: |
||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | (0.62 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | ||||
Discontinued operations (1) |
$ | | $ | 0.04 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.22 | ||||||||
Total operations |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.54 | ) | $ | (0.45 | ) | ||||
Diluted net (loss) income per common share: |
||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | (0.62 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | ||||
Discontinued operations (1) |
$ | | $ | 0.04 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.22 | ||||||||
Total operations |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.54 | ) | $ | (0.45 | ) |
(1) | In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards the results of the DMM business have been reclassified as a discontinued operation for all periods presented. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LaBRANCHE & CO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(000s omitted except per share data)
As of | ||||||||
September 30, 2010 |
December 31, 2009 (1) |
|||||||
(unaudited) | (audited) | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 83,557 | $ | 186,737 | ||||
Cash and securities segregated under federal regulations |
1,727 | 1,727 | ||||||
Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
225,571 | 51,984 | ||||||
Receivable from customers |
| 42,790 | ||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value |
1,092,525 | 3,318,693 | ||||||
Office equipment and leasehold improvements, at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $10,221 and $8,777, respectively |
10,435 | 11,680 | ||||||
Held for sale |
| 32,748 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets |
38,915 | 25,457 | ||||||
Income tax receivable |
2,083 | 12,208 | ||||||
Other assets |
8,811 | 17,808 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,463,624 | $ | 3,701,832 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY | ||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
$ | 183,590 | $ | 615,245 | ||||
Payable to customers |
34 | 43,515 | ||||||
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value |
1,018,046 | 2,489,871 | ||||||
Accrued compensation |
3,695 | 9,431 | ||||||
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses |
7,739 | 14,815 | ||||||
Deferred rent expense and credit |
2,661 | 2,711 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
5 | 12,945 | ||||||
Income and deferred taxes payable |
17 | 1,968 | ||||||
Held for sale |
| 749 | ||||||
Short-term debt |
| 189,323 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
1,215,787 | 3,380,573 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
||||||||
Stockholders equity: |
||||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 62,654,430 shares issued, 41,317,461 shares outstanding at September 30, 2010 and 62,397,795 shares issued, 51,470,826 shares outstanding at December 31, 2009 |
627 | 624 | ||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, 21,336,969 and 10,926,969 at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively |
(88,970 | ) | (41,569 | ) | ||||
Additional paid-in capital |
700,036 | 700,738 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(358,758 | ) | (334,591 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(5,098 | ) | (3,943 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity |
247,837 | 321,259 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 1,463,624 | $ | 3,701,832 | ||||
(1) | Certain of the Companys December 31, 2009 balances have been adjusted to conform to the presentation in the current period. Counterparty netting agreements were applied to derivative contracts for financial instruments owned, at fair value and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value. This adjustment did not affect stockholders equity or earnings. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LaBRANCHE & CO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(000s omitted)
Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Treasury Stock |
( 1) Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCES, December 31, 2008 |
58,197 | $ | 620 | $ | (16,369 | ) | $ | 702,475 | $ | (236,771 | ) | $ | (7,105 | ) | $ | 442,850 | ||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | (97,820 | ) | | (97,820 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation, adjustment net of taxes |
| | | | | 3,162 | 3,162 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss |
(94,658 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of treasury stock |
(7,112 | ) | | (25,200 | ) | | | | (25,200 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted stock, shares for option exercises and related compensation |
386 | 4 | | (1,737 | ) | | | (1,733 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
BALANCES, December 31, 2009 |
51,471 | $ | 624 | $ | (41,569 | ) | $ | 700,738 | $ | (334,591 | ) | $ | (3,943 | ) | $ | 321,259 | ||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | (24,167 | ) | | (24,167 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation, adjustment net of taxes |
| | | | | (1,155 | ) | (1,155 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss |
(25,322 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of treasury stock |
(10,410 | ) | | (47,401 | ) | | | | (47,401 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted stock, shares for option exercises and related compensation |
257 | 3 | | (702 | ) | | | (699 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
BALANCES, September 30, 2010, unaudited |
41,318 | $ | 627 | $ | (88,970 | ) | $ | 700,036 | $ | (358,758 | ) | $ | (5,098 | ) | $ | 247,837 | ||||||||||||
(1) | RSU income is the result of forfeitures in 2010 and 2009 due to employee turnover. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LaBRANCHE & CO INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(000s omitted)
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 (1) | |||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||
Loss from continuing operations |
$ | (27,834 | ) | $ | (35,823 | ) | ||
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax |
3,667 | 10,489 | ||||||
Net loss |
(24,167 | ) | (25,334 | ) | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile loss from continuing operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
1,460 | 2,994 | ||||||
Amortization of debt issuance costs and bond discount |
2,058 | 544 | ||||||
Early extinguishment of debt |
5,228 | (762 | ) | |||||
Share-based compensation expense |
(742 | ) | (2,124 | ) | ||||
Deferred tax benefit |
(13,546 | ) | (12,588 | ) | ||||
Deferred rent expense and credit |
(50 | ) | (180 | ) | ||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
Cash and securities segregated under federal regulations |
| 149 | ||||||
Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
(173,825 | ) | 30,575 | |||||
Receivable from customers |
42,790 | (16,664 | ) | |||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value |
2,217,873 | (416,239 | ) | |||||
Income tax receivable |
10,124 | (8,470 | ) | |||||
Other assets |
7,059 | 12,073 | ||||||
Payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
(427,072 | ) | 280,923 | |||||
Payable to customers |
(43,481 | ) | 4,823 | |||||
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value |
(1,469,412 | ) | 106,942 | |||||
Accrued compensation |
(5,696 | ) | (69,514 | ) | ||||
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses |
(7,065 | ) | (1,757 | ) | ||||
Other liabilities |
(12,940 | ) | (110 | ) | ||||
Income tax payable |
(1,303 | ) | (6,536 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of continuing operations |
107,291 | (121,255 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of discontinued operations |
31,999 | (3 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
139,290 | (121,258 | ) | |||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||
Payments for purchases of office equipment and leasehold improvements |
(221 | ) | (1,695 | ) | ||||
Payments for purchases of exchange memberships |
(125 | ) | | |||||
Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations |
(346 | ) | (1,695 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(346 | ) | (1,695 | ) | ||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||
Principal payments of short-term debt |
(189,323 | ) | (10,000 | ) | ||||
Discount (premium) on early extinguishment of debt |
(5,228 | ) | 900 | |||||
Purchases of treasury stock |
(47,401 | ) | (19,322 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations |
(241,952 | ) | (28,422 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(241,952 | ) | (28,422 | ) | ||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(172 | ) | 2,808 | |||||
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | (103,180 | ) | $ | (148,567 | ) | ||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period |
186,737 | 304,179 | ||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period |
$ | 83,557 | $ | 155,612 | ||||
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH PAID DURING THE PERIOD FOR: |
||||||||
Interest |
$ | 16,991 | $ | 27,809 | ||||
Income taxes |
$ | 1,485 | $ | 10,520 | ||||
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
| |||||||
On June 14, 2010, the Company exchanged its CBOE memberships with an adjusted basis of $0.7 million for 160,000 shares of CBOE Holdings, Inc. common stock valued at $4.7 million. The Company recognized a $4.0 million gain from the exchange of the assets, which was a non-cash transaction. |
(1) | Certain of the Companys September 30, 2009 balances have been adjusted to conform to the presentation in the current period. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LaBRANCHE & CO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS |
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of LaBranche & Co Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Holding Company), and its subsidiaries, LaBranche Structured Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (LSHI), LaBranche & Co. LLC (LaBranche LLC), a New York limited liability company, LaBranche Financial Services, LLC, a New York limited liability company (LFS), LABDR Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation (LABDR), and LaBranche & Co. B.V., a Netherlands private limited liability company (BV). The Holding Company is the sole member of LaBranche & Co. LLC (LLC) and LFS, the 100% stockholder of LSHI and LABDR and the sole owner of BV. LSHI is a holding company that is the sole member of LaBranche Structured Products, LLC, a New York limited liability company (LSP), and LaBranche Structured Products Specialists LLC, a New York limited liability company (LSPS), the 100% owner of LaBranche Structured Products Europe Limited, a United Kingdom single member private company (LSPE), and LaBranche Structured Products Hong Kong Limited, a Hong Kong single member private company (LSPH), and the sole stockholder of LaBranche Structured Products Direct, Inc., a New York corporation (LSPD and collectively with the Holding Company, LaBranche & Co. LLC, LFS, LSHI, LABDR, BV, LSP, LSPS, LSPE, LSPD and LSPH, the Company). All material inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
LSP is a registered broker-dealer and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) member firm that operates as a market-maker in options and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), engages in hedging activities related to its market-making operations and conducts principal trading activities in options, ETFs, structured notes, foreign currency securities and futures. LFS is a registered broker-dealer and a member of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and other exchanges and primarily provides securities execution and brokerage services to institutional investors and professional traders, and is a market maker in over-the-counter, bulletin board and pink sheet securities. LSPS is a non-registered proprietary trading company that currently is inactive. It is anticipated that the Company will move some of its non-broker-dealer proprietary trading operations into LSPS, in the fourth quarter of 2010. LaBranche LLC is a registered broker-dealer that, until January 22, 2010, operated primarily as a Designated Market Maker (DMM) in equity securities and rights listed on the NYSE. On January 22, 2010, the Company sold its DMM business to Barclays Capital, Inc., a division of Barclays Bank Plc (Barclays). LSPE operates as a market-maker for ETFs traded on the London Stock Exchange and the Euroex and Euronext exchanges, and is registered as a broker-dealer with the United Kingdoms Financial Services Authority. LSPH is registered as a market-maker for ETFs in Hong Kong and is registered as a broker-dealer with Hong Kongs Securities and Futures Commission. LSPD is a registered broker-dealer and FINRA member firm that is primarily an institutional execution firm in equities and structured products. LABDR is an investment company with a minority ownership in a New Jersey aviation partnership. BV ceased operations on June 30, 2007 and is currently inactive.
On April 16, 2010, LSP and LFS submitted an application to FINRA to merge into one combined entity. On November 1, 2010 the Company received formal approval of the merger from FINRA (see subsequent events). The Company anticipates that the merger will be consummated in the fourth quarter of 2010. The overall business to be conducted by the combined entity is not expected to be materially different than their operations as separate entities and as approved in the FINRA memberships to which each of LSP and LFS currently is a party.
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2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Basis of Presentation Sale of the DMM Business of LaBranche LLC
On January 22, 2010, LaBranche LLC completed the sale of its DMM pursuant to an agreement dated January 13, 2010 and as amended January 22, 2010 by and among LaBranche LLC and Barclays.
In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20, Discontinued Operations, the assets and liabilities of the DMM business of LaBranche LLC have been reclassified as held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial condition and its results have been reclassified as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all demand deposits held in banks, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less and currency positions that are being held in the prime brokerage account at the Companys clearing broker for its market-making operations. Certain portions of these balances are used to meet regulatory requirements (see Note 5).
Use of Estimates
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. In addition to the estimates we make in connection with fair value measurements, the use of estimates and assumptions is also important in determining provisions for potential losses that may arise from litigation and regulatory proceedings and tax audits. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
A substantial portion of the Companys compensation and benefits represents contractual incentive compensation and discretionary bonuses, which are determined at year end. The Company believes the most appropriate way to allocate estimated annual discretionary bonuses among interim periods is in proportion to the net revenues earned in such periods. In addition to the level of net revenues, overall compensation expense in any given year is also influenced by, among other factors, prevailing labor markets, business mix and the structure of the Companys share-based compensation programs.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the respective period. Gains or losses on translation of the financial statements of a non-U.S. operation, when the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, are included, net of taxes, in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders equity and comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency gains or losses on the revaluation of transactions in nonfunctional currencies are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
New Accounting Developments
Fair Value Measurements
On January 21, 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2010-06, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements, which provides guidance on how investment assets and liabilities are to be valued and disclosed. Specifically, the amendment requires
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reporting entities to disclose i) the input and valuation techniques used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements, for Level 2 or Level 3 positions, ii) transfers between all levels (including Level 1 and Level 2) will be required to be disclosed on a gross basis as well as the reason for the transfers and iii) purchases, sales, issuances and settlements must be shown on a gross basis in the Level 3 roll forward rather than as one net number. The effective date of the ASU is for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2009, however, the requirement to provide the Level 3 activity for purchases, sales, issuances and settlements on a gross basis will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The Company has included the detail for its Level 3 assets as part of its ASC 820 disclosure.
ASC 820 will allow investors to use the net asset value of investments in investment companies that do not have a readily determinable fair value if the investees have the attributes of investment companies and the net asset values are calculated consistent with the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide, Investment Companies, which generally requires investments to be measured at fair value. This accounting principle was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2010. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Transfers of Financial Assets
ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, removes the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) and removes the exception from applying to variable interest entities that are QSPEs. This statement also clarifies the requirements for isolation and limitations on portions of financial assets that are eligible for sale accounting. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2009, and is effective for the Companys fiscal year beginning January 1, 2010. The Company adopted this pronouncement during the first quarter of 2010, and the adoption had no impact on the Companys financial position or results of operations.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
ASC 810-10-25-38, Consolidation, amends the consolidation guidance for variable-interest entities (VIE) and requires an enterprise to qualitatively assess the determination of the primary beneficiary of a VIE based on whether the entity has the power to direct matters that most significantly impact the activities of the VIE, and had the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. ASC 810 is effective for the Companys fiscal year beginning January 1, 2010. The Company adopted this pronouncement during the first quarter of 2010, and the adoption had no impact on the Companys financial position or results of operations.
3. | INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2010 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009 is presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial information. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2010 should be
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read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of December 31, 2009 included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 16, 2010 (the 2009 10-K). Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 interim period are not necessarily indicative of results to be obtained for the full fiscal year.
4. | INCOME TAXES |
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. This statement requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses based on the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities primarily relate to tax basis differences on unrealized gains on corporate equities and net operating loss carry-forwards. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years and are measured using the tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when such differences reverse.
The Companys tax contingency reserve remains unchanged for the quarter ended September 30, 2010. The Company has a tax valuation allowance of $3.6 million for state and local net operating losses established in the first quarter of 2010 which remains in the net deferred tax asset balance. The tax expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2010, includes a $950,000 charge for income taxes from continuing operations which is comprised of the netting of a deferred tax valuation charge partially offset by a reduction to contingent liabilities due to the conclusion of an examination cycle. The discontinued operations current and deferred taxes included an additional tax benefit of $3.8 million related to adjustments mainly for assets sold with the DMM business in the first quarter of 2010.
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The components of the (benefit) for income taxes reflected on the condensed consolidated statements of operations are set forth below (000s omitted):
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||
(unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||||||||
Total |
||||||||||||||||
Current income taxes: |
||||||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | (360 | ) | $ | 148 | $ | (7,187 | ) | $ | (8,040 | ) | |||||
Foreign |
(247 | ) | 1,084 | 474 | 3,622 | |||||||||||
State and local |
(84 | ) | (312 | ) | 1,372 | (849 | ) | |||||||||
Total current |
(691 | ) | 920 | (5,341 | ) | (5,267 | ) | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes: |
||||||||||||||||
Federal |
(5,409 | ) | (7,752 | ) | (10,318 | ) | (11,058 | ) | ||||||||
State and local |
(1,285 | ) | 709 | (5,840 | ) | (2,548 | ) | |||||||||
Total deferred |
(6,694 | ) | (7,043 | ) | (16,158 | ) | (13,606 | ) | ||||||||
Total (benefit) provision for income taxes |
$ | (7,385 | ) | $ | (6,123 | ) | $ | (21,499 | ) | $ | (18,873 | ) | ||||
Continuing Operations |
||||||||||||||||
Current income taxes |
||||||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | (360 | ) | $ | 20 | $ | (2,246 | ) | $ | (10,368 | ) | |||||
Foreign |
(247 | ) | 1,084 | 474 | 3,622 | |||||||||||
State and local |
(84 | ) | (330 | ) | 601 | (1,182 | ) | |||||||||
Total current |
(691 | ) | 774 | (1,171 | ) | (7,928 | ) | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes: |
||||||||||||||||
Federal |
(5,409 | ) | (9,022 | ) | (10,440 | ) | (15,137 | ) | ||||||||
State and local |
(1,285 | ) | 528 | (5,869 | ) | (3,131 | ) | |||||||||
Total deferred |
(6,694 | ) | (8,494 | ) | (16,309 | ) | (18,268 | ) | ||||||||
Total (benefit) provision for income taxes |
$ | (7,385 | ) | $ | (7,720 | ) | $ | (17,480 | ) | $ | (26,196 | ) | ||||
Discontinued Operations |
||||||||||||||||
Current income taxes |
||||||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | | $ | 128 | $ | (4,941 | ) | $ | 2,328 | |||||||
State and local |
| 18 | 771 | 333 | ||||||||||||
Total current |
| 146 | (4,170 | ) | 2,661 | |||||||||||
Deferred income taxes: |
||||||||||||||||
Federal |
| 1,270 | 122 | 4,079 | ||||||||||||
State and local |
| 181 | 29 | 583 | ||||||||||||
Total deferred |
| 1,451 | 151 | 4,662 | ||||||||||||
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes |
$ | | $ | 1,597 | $ | (4,019 | ) | $ | 7,323 | |||||||
The foreign taxes represent taxes payable to the United Kingdom for LSPE, which is the single member private equity company in the UK that has been considered a controlled foreign corporation since January 1, 2008.
The Company filed a refund claim to carry back tax losses from 2009 to 2008 and prior years in the amount of $9.7 million of which $9.0 million was received in April 2010 and the balance in May 2010.
5. | CAPITAL AND NET LIQUID ASSET REQUIREMENTS |
As a registered broker-dealer and FINRA member firm, LSP is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and FINRA. LSP is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $100,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, LSPs net capital, as defined, was $31.8 million and $85.7 million, respectively, which exceeded minimum requirements by $31.3 million and $82.8 million, respectively. LSPs aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on those dates was 0.22 to 1 and 0.51 to 1, respectively. The net capital reduction is mainly attributable to trading losses and increased regulatory capital charges on gross foreign currency positions which will be decreased in future periods. We expect the capital charges on gross foreign currency positions to decline in future periods. In July 2010, LSP distributed $10 million to LaBranche Structured Holdings, Inc. in the form of a dividend.
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As a registered broker-dealer and member firm of the NYSE and FINRA, LFS is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and the NYSE. Under the alternative method permitted by this rule, the minimum required net capital is equal to the greater of $1.0 million or 2.0% of aggregate debit items, as defined. As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, LFS net capital, as defined, was $5.1 million and $26.1 million, respectively, which exceeded minimum requirements by $4.1 million and $25.1 million, respectively. In January 2010, LFS distributed $15 million to the Holding Company in the form of a dividend.
LFS is also subject to SEC Rule 15c3-3 because it maintains a soft dollar program that may result in credit balances to such clients. To comply with its September 30, 2010 requirement, cash and U.S. Treasury Bills in the amount of $1.7 million were segregated in a special reserve account for the exclusive benefit of customers, thus exceeding actual requirements by $0.4 million. To comply with its December 31, 2009 requirement, cash and U.S. Treasury Bills in the amount of $1.7 million were segregated in a special reserve account for the exclusive benefit of customers, exceeding actual requirements by $0.5 million.
LSP and LFS submitted an application to FINRA to merge into one combined entity as disclosed in Note 1 and received formal approval on November 1, 2010. It is anticipated that, upon completion of the proposed merger, the combined entitys net capital requirement as a FINRA member firm and registered broker-dealer will be equivalent to the greater of $1.0 million or 2.0% of aggregate debit items, as defined. The Company expects that the combined entity will have sufficient capital resources to meet and exceed these capital requirements.
LaBranche LLC, as a DMM until January 22, 2010, and member of the NYSE, was subject to the provisions of SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and NYSE. LaBranche LLC was required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $100,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined.
As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, LaBranche LLCs net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 15c3-1, was $0.9 million and $91.9 million, respectively, which exceeded the minimum requirements by $0.8 million and $90.9 million, respectively. LaBranche LLC had no aggregate indebtedness as of September 30, 2010. LaBranche LLCs aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on December 31, 2009 was 0.02 to 1. During 2010, LaBranche LLC distributed $117 million to the Holding Company in the form of a dividend.
The NYSE generally requires its DMM firms to maintain a minimum dollar regulatory capital amount in order to establish that they can meet, with their own Net Liquid Assets (NLA), their position requirement. As of December 31, 2009, when LaBranche LLC was still a DMM firm, its NYSE minimum required dollar amount of NLA, as defined, was $70.2 million and its actual NLA, as defined, was $85.3 million. As of December 31, 2009, LaBranche LLCs actual NLA exceeded the NLA requirement, thus satisfying its NLA requirement as of that date. Since the completion of the sale of the DMM business on January 22, 2010, LaBranche LLC has no longer been subject to the NLA requirement.
As a registered broker-dealer and FINRA member firm, LSPD is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC. LSPD is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $5,000 or 1/ 15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, LSPDs net capital, as defined, was $0.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, which exceeded its minimum requirements by $0.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively. In January 2010, LSPD distributed $2.0 million to its parent in the form of a dividend.
As a registered broker dealer in the United Kingdom, LSPE is subject to the capital adequacy and capital resources as managed and monitored in accordance with the regulatory capital requirements of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in the United Kingdom. In calculating regulatory capital, the Companys capital consists wholly of
-12-
Tier 1 capital. Tier 1 capital is the core measure of a Companys financial strength from a regulators point of view. It consists of the type of financial capital considered the most reliable and liquid, primarily Shareholders Equity. As of September 30, 2010, Tier 1 capital, as defined, was $59.4 million which exceeded the total variable capital requirement by $38.8 million. At December 31, 2009, Tier 1 capital, as defined, was $49.6 million which exceeded the total variable capital requirement by $3.2 million. In both April and July 2009, LSPE received approximately $5 million of share capital from its parent.
As a registered corporation under the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance, LSPH is subject to the capital requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures (Financial Resources) Rules (FRR). The minimum paid-up share capital requirement is HKD 5,000,000 ($0.6 million at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009) and the minimum liquid capital requirement is the higher of HKD 3,000,000 ($0.4 million at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009) and the variable required liquid capital as defined in the FRR. The Company monitors its compliance with the requirements of the FRR on a daily basis. As of September 30, 2010, LSPHs liquid capital, as defined was $3.2 million, which exceeded its minimum requirements by $2.8 million. As of December 31, 2009, LSPHs liquid capital, as defined was $0.4 million, which exceeded its minimum requirements by $0.1 million. In January and September 2010 and January and August 2009, LSPH received $0.5 million, $0.5 million, $1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of share capital from its parent to increase the companys regulatory capital above the minimum requirement. In July 2010, LSPH received share capital of $2.6 million from its parent to increase the companys regulatory capital.
6. | INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE |
The computations of basic and diluted income (loss) per share are set forth below (000s omitted, except per share data):
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Numerator for basic and diluted (loss) income per common share net (loss) |
$ | (10,449 | ) | $ | (8,900 | ) | $ | (24,167 | ) | $ | (25,334 | ) | ||||
Denominator for basic (loss) income per common share weighted-average number of common shares outstanding |
42,082 | 53,638 | 44,409 | 55,790 | ||||||||||||
Dilutive shares: |
||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock units |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Denominator for diluted (loss) income per common share weighted-average number of common shares outstanding |
42,082 | 53,638 | 44,409 | 55,790 | ||||||||||||
Basic net (loss) income per common share: |
||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | (0.62 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | ||||
Discontinued operations |
$ | | $ | 0.04 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.22 | ||||||||
Total operations |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.54 | ) | $ | (0.45 | ) | ||||
Diluted net (loss) income per common share: |
||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | (0.62 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | ||||
Discontinued operations |
$ | | $ | 0.04 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.22 | ||||||||
Total operations |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.54 | ) | $ | (0.45 | ) | ||||
Options to purchase an aggregate of 230,000 and 325,000 shares of common stock were outstanding at September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted (loss) income per share because the options exercise prices were greater than the market price of the Companys common stock. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2009, 0, 0 217,142 and 264,493 potentially dilutive shares represented by restricted stock units were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive as the Company had a net losses.
-13-
On January 29, 2010, the Company commenced a tender offer to purchase up to 15,000,000 shares of its outstanding common stock, at a price of $4.60 per share. On March 1, 2010, the tender offer expired and the Company repurchased an aggregate of 8,539,667 shares of common stock at a price of $4.60 per share plus transaction costs, for a total tender price of $39.6 million. Excluding the tender offer transaction, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 1,870,333 shares of its outstanding common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2010, for a total price of $7.8 million or an average price of $4.17 per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2010 the Company, through the tender offer and purchases in the open market, purchased an aggregate of 10,410,000 shares of its commons stock at a total cost of $47.4 million at an average cost of $4.55 per share. Following the tender offer and other repurchases in the first three quarters of 2010, the Company had 41,317,461 million shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2010.
7. | EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE PLANS |
ASC 505 and 718, Share Based Payments requires compensation costs related to share-based payment transactions to be recognized in the financial statements over the period that an employee provides service in exchange for the award.
The following disclosures are also being provided pursuant to the requirements of ASC 505 and 718:
The Company has sponsored two share-based employee incentive plan the LaBranche & Co Inc. Equity Incentive Plan (the Old Plan), which terminated in August 2009, and the LaBranche & Co Inc. 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2010 Plan). The Old Plan provided, and the 2010 Plan which provides for grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted shares of common stock, restricted stock units (RSUs), unrestricted shares and stock appreciation rights.
The rights of any person who received an option grant or grant of restricted stock units under the Old Plan that are currently outstanding were not affected by reason of the termination of the Old Plan and have continued in accordance with the terms of the award agreement (as then in effect or thereafter amended) regarding those options or restricted stock units. The Companys Board of Directors approved the 2010 plan on January 14, 2010 and on May 7, 2010, the Companys Board of Directors amended the 2010 Plan to disallow re-pricing of options granted under the 2010 Plan without the prior approval of the Companys stockholders and to reduce the number of shares available for issuance under the 2010 Plan from 4,500,000 shares to 2,000,000 shares. The 2010 Plan, as so amended, was approved by the stockholders of the Company at the Companys 2010 annual meeting of stockholders, on May 18, 2010.
The fair value of the restricted stock awards granted under the Old Plan was determined by using the closing price of the Companys common stock on the respective dates on which the awards are granted. Similarly, any restricted stock awards to be granted under the new 2010 Plan will be determined by using the closing price of the Companys common stock on the respective dates on which the awards are granted. Under both the Old Plan and the 2010 Plan, the grant date is determined to be the date the compensation committee of the Board of Directors approved the grant, except in circumstances where the approval by the compensation committee is contingent upon a future event, such as the negotiation and execution of an employment agreement, in which case the grant date would be the date the condition is satisfied. Amortization of compensation costs for grants awarded under the Old Plan recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 was approximately $0.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, compared to approximately $0.8 million and $2.7 million respectively for the same periods in 2009. The only grants of common stock that have been made to date under the 2010 Plan were the automatic grants of 65,743 shares of the Companys common stock to the Companys independent directors in June 2010 for attendance of Board and committee meetings in 2009. There was no amortization of compensation costs in the third quarter of 2010 for these grants because they were not subject to any vesting provisions. During the first and third quarter of 2010, the Company reevaluated the forfeiture rate used to calculate share based payments due to the departure of personnel who had been granted restricted stock units that had not vested prior to their departure. The change in the forfeiture rate
-14-
resulted in a benefit net of income taxes of $0.4 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010. The tax benefit realized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the 2010 Plan was approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively for three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, excluding the amount recorded for the change in the forfeiture rate, compared to $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2009.
Unrecognized compensation cost related to the Companys non-vested stock options and restricted stock unit awards totaled $0.0 million, at fair value, at September 30, 2010, and $1.4 million at December 31, 2009.
ASC 505 and 718 generally requires share-based awards granted to retirement-eligible employees to be expensed immediately. The Company did not grant any share-based awards prior to our adoption of ASC 505 and 718 to retirement-eligible employees or to employees with non-substantive non-compete agreements. In addition, no grants of any stock options or RSUs were changed or amended after the Companys adoption of ASC 505 and 718 to reflect retirement eligibility or non-compete agreements.
The total number of shares of the Companys common stock that can be issued under the 2010 Plan through the 2010 Plans termination date cannot exceed 2,000,000 shares. The total number of shares of the Companys common stock that could have been issued under the Old Plan through the Old Plans termination date could not exceed 7,687,500 shares. As of August 24, 2009 (the date the Old Plan terminated), 4,253,595 shares remained available for grant under the Old Plan. Due to the termination of the Old Plan on August 24, 2009, there were no shares available for grant under the Old Plan as of September 30, 2010.
Restricted Stock Units
At September 30, 2010, there are no RSUs outstanding. Those outstanding as of September 30, 2009 required future service as a condition to the delivery of the underlying shares of common stock on their respective vesting dates. The RSUs were granted under the Companys Old Plan and vested over varying numbers of years. An employee who received RSUs under the Old Plan or who receives RSUs under the 2010 Plan does not have any ownership rights with respect to the underlying shares until the shares vest pursuant to the terms of the RSU agreement. In all cases, delivery of the underlying shares of common stock is conditioned on the grantees satisfying certain requirements outlined in the agreements. Generally, the RSUs become fully vested if the grantees employment with the Company terminates by reason of death or disability prior to vesting. The grantee forfeits the unvested portion of the RSUs upon the termination of employment for any reason other than death or disability. When delivering the underlying shares of stock to employees, the Company generally issues new shares of common stock, as opposed to reissuing treasury shares.
The following table provides information about grants of RSUs:
Number of Shares |
Average Price per Share |
|||||||
RSUs Outstanding as of December 31, 2009 |
642,345 | $ | 4.30 | |||||
Granted |
| | ||||||
Vested |
(27,497 | ) | 8.99 | |||||
Forfeited |
(124,663 | ) | 4.93 | |||||
RSUs Outstanding as of March 31, 2010 |
490,185 | $ | 3.88 | |||||
Granted |
| | ||||||
Vested |
(163,395 | ) | 3.88 | |||||
Forfeited |
| | ||||||
RSUs Outstanding as of June 30, 2010 |
326,790 | $ | 3.88 | |||||
Granted |
| | ||||||
Vested |
| |||||||
Forfeited |
(326,790 | ) | 3.88 | |||||
RSUs Outstanding as of September 30, 2010 |
| $ | | |||||
-15-
Under ASC 505 and 718, the Company is required to estimate forfeitures of RSUs for purposes of determining the Companys share-based award expense. As of September 30, 2010, there are no outstanding RSUS and therefore, no shares of common stock remaining that can vest under and RSUs. All of the remaining shares that could have vested under then outstanding RSUS were forfeited in the third quarter of 2010.
Stock Options
As of September 30, 2010, all stock options granted to employees were fully vested and exercisable. In general, all stock options expire on the tenth anniversary of grant, although they may be subject to earlier termination or cancellation in certain circumstances under the Old Plan and the stock option agreement, such as death, disability or other termination of employment prior to the tenth anniversary of grant. The dilutive effect, if any, of the Companys outstanding stock options is included in Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding Diluted on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table provides information about options to purchase the Companys common stock:
Number of Shares |
Average Exercise Price per Share |
|||||||
Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2009 |
325,000 | $ | 35.23 | |||||
Options Granted |
| | ||||||
Options Exercised |
| | ||||||
Options Forfeited |
(95,000 | ) | 35.79 | |||||
Options Outstanding as of March 31, 2010 |
230,000 | $ | 35.00 | |||||
Options Granted |
| | ||||||
Options Exercised |
| | ||||||
Options Forfeited |
| | ||||||
Options Outstanding as of June 30, 2010 |
230,000 | $ | 35.00 | |||||
Options Granted |
| | ||||||
Options Exercised |
| | ||||||
Options Forfeited |
| | ||||||
Options Outstanding as of September 30, 2010 |
230,000 | $ | 35.00 | |||||
Options Exercisable as of: |
||||||||
March 31, 2010 |
230,000 | $ | 35.00 | |||||
June 30, 2010 |
230,000 | $ | 35.00 | |||||
September 30, 2010 |
230,000 | $ | 35.00 |
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable as of September 30, 2010:
Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||
Range of Exercise Prices |
Number of Shares |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life |
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share |
Number of Shares |
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share |
|||||||||||||||
$31.00 $40.99 |
230,000 | 1.30 | $ | 35.00 | 230,000 | $ | 35.00 |
No options were exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009. The options are due to expire January 17, 2012.
8. | BUSINESS SEGMENTS |
Segment information is presented in accordance with ASC 280, Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. The Companys business segments are based upon the nature of the financial services provided, their revenue source and the Companys management organization.
-16-
The Companys Market-Making segment operates as a market-maker in equities, options and ETFs on several exchanges, engages in hedging activities related to its market-making operations and conducts principal trading activities in options, ETFs, structured notes, foreign currency securities and futures. The Market-Making segment currently includes the operations of the subsidiaries of LSH (LSP, LSPS, LSPE, LSPH and LSPD). Due to the sale of the DMM operations of LaBranche LLC on January 22, 2010, the Market Making segment excludes the operations of the DMM, and includes only the net earnings from continuing operations. In addition, for comparative purposes, the Market Making segment is reported with LaBranche LLCs DMM operations in a supplemental schedule in the Results of Operations section of the MD&A, entitled Market-Making Segment Operating Results including Discontinued Operations.
The Companys Institutional Brokerage segment provides mainly securities execution and brokerage services to institutional investors and professional traders, and currently includes the operations of LFS and, through September 2010, included the leveraged loan operations of the Holding Company. LFS was a market-maker in over-the-counter, bulletin board and pink sheet securities through August 2010 serving as a liquidity provider in those securities. LFS ceased trading leveraged loan and fixed income trading products in July of 2010, but continues to maintain certain of those market-making positions following departure of its market-making staff.
The Companys Other segment is comprised primarily of unallocated corporate administrative expenses, including professional and legal costs, unallocated revenues (primarily interest income) and elimination entries. This segment also includes the investment entity, LABDR, and the inactive company, BV.
-17-
Revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining its operating results. Other expenses, including corporate overhead, which are not directly attributable to a particular segment, generally are allocated to each segment based on its resource usage levels or other appropriate measures. Certain administrative expenses, corporate overhead expenses and other sources of revenues are not specifically allocated by management when reviewing the Companys segments performance, and appear in the Other segment. Selected financial information for each segment is set forth below (000s omitted):
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 (1) | 2010 | 2009 (1) | |||||||||||||
(unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||||||||
Market-Making Segment: |
||||||||||||||||
Total revenues, net interest expense |
$ | (4,354 | ) | $ | 6,904 | $ | 8,420 | $ | 5,217 | |||||||
Operating expenses |
8,639 | 15,822 | 30,280 | 38,715 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
34 | 55 | 115 | 154 | ||||||||||||
(Loss) before taxes |
$ | (13,027 | ) | $ | (8,973 | ) | $ | (21,975 | ) | $ | (33,652 | ) | ||||
Segment assets |
$ | 1,387,737 | $ | 3,848,792 | $ | 1,387,737 | $ | 3,848,792 | ||||||||
Institutional Brokerage Segment: |
||||||||||||||||
Total revenues, net interest expense |
$ | 685 | $ | 7,670 | $ | 12,327 | $ | 23,169 | ||||||||
Operating expenses |
3,449 | 9,574 | 17,882 | 27,912 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3 | 2 | 10 | 7 | ||||||||||||
(Loss) before taxes |
$ | (2,767 | ) | $ | (1,906 | ) | $ | (5,565 | ) | $ | (4,750 | ) | ||||
Segment assets |
$ | 21,775 | $ | 60,272 | $ | 21,775 | $ | 60,272 | ||||||||
Other: |
||||||||||||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense |
$ | 93 | $ | (5,419 | ) | $ | (4,327 | ) | $ | (16,732 | ) | |||||
Operating expenses |
1,691 | 1,880 | 4,916 | 6,631 | ||||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt |
| | 7,192 | (762 | ) | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
442 | 968 | 1,326 | 2,787 | ||||||||||||
Loss before taxes |
$ | (2,040 | ) | $ | (8,267 | ) | $ | (17,761 | ) | $ | (25,388 | ) | ||||
Segment assets |
$ | 54,112 | $ | 94,478 | $ | 54,112 | $ | 94,478 | ||||||||
Total: |
||||||||||||||||
Total revenues, net of interest expense |
$ | (3,576 | ) | $ | 9,155 | $ | 16,420 | $ | 11,654 | |||||||
Operating expenses |
13,779 | 27,276 | 53,078 | 73,258 | ||||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt |
| | 7,192 | (762 | ) | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
479 | 1,025 | 1,451 | 2,948 | ||||||||||||
(Loss) before taxes |
$ | (17,834 | ) | $ | (19,146 | ) | $ | (45,301 | ) | $ | (63,790 | ) | ||||
Assets |
$ | 1,463,624 | $ | 4,003,542 | $ | 1,463,624 | $ | 4,003,542 |
(1) | Certain of the Companys September 30, 2009 balances have been adjusted to conform to the presentation in the current period. |
9. | NYSE EURONEXT, INC. POSITION |
As of September 30, 2010, the Company, through its subsidiaries, holds approximately 1.0 million NYX shares.
The Company has accounted for its investment in NYX as corporate equities at fair value pursuant to ASC 820 at September 30, 2010. At September 30, 2010, the NYSE closing market price for the NYX shares was $28.57 per share as compared to the closing price of NYX shares at June 30, 2010 which was $27.63 per share. This resulted in the Companys recognition of a pre-tax gain of $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, which is included in net (loss) gain on trading in the Companys condensed consolidated statements of operations.
On September 30, 2010, the quarterly dividend of $0.30 per share was paid to shareholders of record of NYSE Euronext as of the close of business on September 12, 2010. The aggregate dividend payment with respect to the Companys NYX shares was $0.3 million and $.9 million, respectively for the quarters ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
10. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted ASC 820, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies only to fair value
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measurements already required or permitted by other accounting standards and does not impose requirements for additional fair value measures. The Companys adoption of ASC 820 did not have a material impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The Companys financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
ASC 820 outlines a fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (which are considered level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (which are considered level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are as follows:
Level 1 |
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; | |
Level 2 |
Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; | |
Level 3 |
Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions would reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Such valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques. |
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The following table represents the Companys fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates presented (000s omitted):
September 30, 2010
(unaudited)
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Netting and Collateral |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
ASSETS: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate equities, not readily marketable |
$ | | $ | 3,127 | $ | | $ | | $ | 3,127 | ||||||||||
Corporate equities |
369,734 | 8 | | | 369,742 | |||||||||||||||
Government and corporate bonds |
14,149 | | | | 14,149 | |||||||||||||||
Derivative contracts |
214,097 | 202,831 | | (197,150 | ) | 219,778 | ||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded funds |
482,877 | | | | 482,877 | |||||||||||||||
Leveraged loans |
790 | | | | 790 | |||||||||||||||
Investment partnerships |
2,062 | | | 2,062 | ||||||||||||||||
Total financial instruments owned |
1,081,647 | 208,028 | | (197,150 | ) | 1,092,525 | ||||||||||||||
Government obligations |
1,000 | | | | 1,000 | |||||||||||||||
Cash and securities segregated under federal regulations |
1,727 | | | | 1,727 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets, at fair value |
$ | 1,084,374 | $ | 208,028 | $ | | $ | (197,150 | ) | $ | 1,095,252 | |||||||||
LIABILITIES: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Government and corporate bonds |
$ | 70,944 | $ | 85 | $ | | $ | | $ | 71,029 | ||||||||||
Corporate equities |
314,044 | 2 | | | 314,046 | |||||||||||||||
Derivative contracts |
186,477 | 201,356 | | (201,356 | ) | 186,477 | ||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded funds |
446,494 | | 446,494 | |||||||||||||||||
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value |
$ | 1,017,959 | $ | 201,443 | $ | | $ | (201,356 | ) | $ | 1,018,046 | |||||||||
December 31, 2009 (audited)
|
| |||||||||||||||||||
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Netting and Collateral |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
ASSETS: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate equities |
$ | 1,568,968 | $ | 104 | $ | | $ | (33,041 | ) | $ | 1,536,031 | |||||||||
Government and corporate bonds |
11,404 | 501 | | | 11,905 | |||||||||||||||
Derivative contracts |
576,453 | | | (27,004 | ) | 549,449 | ||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded funds |
1,217,639 | | | | 1,217,639 | |||||||||||||||
Leveraged loans |
| 1,443 | | | 1,443 | |||||||||||||||
Investment partnerships |
| 2,226 | | | 2,226 | |||||||||||||||
Total financial instruments owned |
3,374,464 | 4,274 | | (60,045 | ) | 3,318,693 | ||||||||||||||
Government obligations |
21,006 | | | 21,006 | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and securities segregated under federal regulations |
1,727 | | | 1,727 | ||||||||||||||||
Total assets, at fair value |
$ | 3,397,197 | $ | 4,274 | $ | | $ | (60,045 | ) | $ | 3,341,426 | |||||||||
LIABILITIES: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Government and corporate bonds |
$ | 135,691 | $ | 722 | $ | | $ | | $ | 136,413 | ||||||||||
Corporate equities |
1,227,655 | | | (30,284 | ) | 1,197,371 | ||||||||||||||
Derivative contracts |
712,926 | | | (48,047 | ) | 664,879 | ||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded funds |
491,208 | | | | 491,208 | |||||||||||||||
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value |
$ | 2,567,480 | $ | 722 | $ | | $ | (78,331 | ) | $ | 2,489,871 | |||||||||
For positions with the same counterparty that cross over levels of the Fair Value hierarchy, both counterparty netting and cash collateral netting are included in the column titles Netting and Collateral For contracts with the same counterparty, counterpary netting among positions classified within the same level is included within that level.
The fair value of our financial instruments was determined from a variety of sources as follows:
For corporate equities and ETFs, fair value was determined by the closing price of the primary exchanges and was included in Level 1 for those that are actively traded. Those classified in Level 2 represent those not actively traded with quoted market prices.
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For government and corporate bonds, the primary source for pricing fixed income instruments is derived from our clearing broker who determines prices through various third party pricing services. The Company confirms these values using independent observable sources. When pricing cannot be confirmed the positions will be valued using broker quotes and included in Level 2.
For options, the fair values are based on the NBBO mid-point average.
For investment partnerships holding securities actively traded, fair value was based on the net asset value and included in Level 2.
The following table represents the Companys level 3 assets (000s omitted):
September 30, 2010 | ||||
(unaudited) | ||||
Beginning balance, January 1, 2010 |
$ | | ||
Transfers into level 3 (1) |
150 | |||
Sales proceeds |
(616 | ) | ||
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized), included in earnings |
466 | |||
Ending balance, September 30, 2010 |
$ | (0 | ) | |
(1) | Transferred from level 2 to level 3 because of lack of observable market data due to little market activity for this security. This position was closed in the third quarter of 2010. |
The Company has elected to offset fair value amounts recognized for cash collateral receivables against fair value amounts recognized for net derivative positions executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. At September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the Company offset cash collateral receivables of $9.9 million and $18.2 million, respectively, against its net derivative positions.
Derivatives Trading Activities
The following table (000s omitted) sets forth by major product type the firms gains/(losses) related to derivatives trading activities for the three months ended September 30, 2010 in accordance with ASC 815. These gains/(losses) are not representative of the firms individual business unit results because many of the firms trading strategies utilize financial instruments across various product types. Accordingly, gains or losses in one product type frequently offset gains or losses in other product types. The gains/(losses) set forth below are included in Net gain (loss) on trading in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
Type of Instrument |
2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||||
Options |
$ | 41,468 | $ | 42,679 | $ | 25,180 | $ | 52,568 | ||||||||
Forwards |
(41,985 | ) | 9,331 | (26,561 | ) | 9,328 | ||||||||||
Futures |
(10,074 | ) | (47,292 | ) | 1,604 | (38,246 | ) | |||||||||
Total |
$ | (8,581 | ) | $ | 6,727 | $ | 2,233 | $ | 25,659 | |||||||
The Company enters into various transactions involving derivatives and off balance sheet financial instruments. These financial instruments include forwards and foreign exchange contracts, exchange traded and over-the-counter options that derive their value form underlying assets, indices, reference rates or a combination of these factors. Derivative transactions are entered into for trading purposes.
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Fair value for exchange-traded derivatives is based on quoted market prices. Fair value of forwards and options contracts are recorded in either financial instruments owned or financial instruments sold, not yet purchased. Open equity in futures transactions are recorded as receivables from and payables to broker-dealers or clearing brokers as applicable. The Companys derivatives trading activities exposes it to certain risks, such as price and interest rate fluctuations, volatility risk, credit risk, foreign currency movements and changes in the liquidity of markets.
The Companys traders purchase and sell futures, options, the stocks underlying certain ETFs and options positions, U.S. Government securities and foreign currencies in an attempt to hedge market and foreign currency risk. Certain members of management, including the Companys chief risk officer, who oversee the Companys options, futures and ETFs market making activities, are responsible for monitoring these risks. Furthermore, the Companys aggregate risk in connection with its options, futures and ETFs trading is under constant evaluation by certain members of management and the Companys traders, and all significant trading strategies and positions are closely monitored.
Corporate Equities, Not Readily Marketable
Prior to June 14, 2010, the Company owned two CBOE memberships out of a total of 930 memberships on the CBOE. The Company had accounted for its investment in these memberships using the adjusted cost method since inception. On June 14, 2010, the CBOE was converted from a membership to a publically traded company with stock and in that transaction each membership was exchanged for 80,000 restricted shares of the newly formed public company CBOE Holdings Inc. (CBOE). In addition, immediately prior to the public offering, each CBOE membership was entitled to a $1.25 dividend for each share issued. The Company received a $0.2 million dividend with respect to its 2 memberships on June 21, 2010. For the third quarter of 2010, the Company received $16,000 in dividends for its shares of CBOE stock.
ASC 845 provides guidance on accounting for non-monetary transactions. In general, the accounting for non-monetary transactions should be based on fair market value of the assets involved. Thus, the cost of a non-monetary asset acquired in exchange for another non-monetary asset is the fair market value of the asset surrendered to obtain it, and a gain or loss shall be recognized on the exchange. Based on this guidance, the Company valued the shares of the CBOE stock received in exchange for its memberships at fair value, which was deemed to be the value of the shares on the first trading day of the CBOE stock after the initial public offering, which was, $29.00 per share. Based on this price, the Company recognized a gain of $4.0 million on the exchange of their CBOE memberships for CBOE stock net of a valuation allowance due to the restrictions on the transfer of the CBOE stock. The transfer restrictions currently expire with respect to one-half of the Companys shares of CBOE stock on December 15, 2010 and with respect to the other half of the Companys shares of CBOE stock on June 15, 2011.
The Company accounts for its continuing investment in the CBOE stock as restricted stock and reflected at the estimated fair market value of such restricted shares pursuant to ASC 820. At September 30, 2010, the NASDAQ closing price for the CBOE stock was $20.20 per share. As a result the Company recognized an unrealized loss of $1.8 million for the third quarter of 2010, which includes a valuation allowance of approximately 3.25%, due to the transfer restrictions noted above.
11. | CONTINGENCIES |
There have been no material new developments in the Companys legal proceedings since the March 16, 2010 filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 (the 2009 10-K) and the May 10, 2010 filing of its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 (the First Quarter 10-Q), and the August 9, 2010 filing of its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 (the Second Quarter 10-Q),
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The Company believes that the claims asserted against it and its operating subsidiaries in the pending proceedings described in the 2009 10-K, the First Quarter 10-Q and the Second Quarter 10-Q are without merit, and the Company denies all allegations of wrongdoing. There can be no assurance, however, as to the outcome or timing of the resolution of these proceedings. Therefore, the Company is unable to estimate the amount or potential range of any loss that may arise out of these proceedings. The range of possible resolutions could include determinations and judgments against the Company or settlements that could require substantial payments by the Company that could have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition to the proceedings described in the 2009 10-K, the First Quarter 10-Q and the Second Quarter 10-Q the Company and its operating subsidiaries have been the target, from time to time, of various claims, lawsuits and regulatory inquiries in the ordinary course of their respective businesses. While the ultimate outcome of those claims and lawsuits which are currently pending cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes, based on its understanding of the facts of these proceedings, that their ultimate resolution will not, in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
12. | DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS |
On January 22, 2010, LaBranche LLC sold its DMM operations on the NYSE for $25.0 million, plus an additional $7.0 million for the value of its DMM inventory positions as of the closing date of the transaction. The assets sold included LaBranche LLCs stock listing rights, its DMM inventory positions and a portion of its fixed assets related to computer equipment and software development. At December 31, 2009, the assets and liabilities related to the sale were included on the consolidated statement of financial condition as held for sale. After the sale, LaBranche LLC retained all cash and other non-DMM assets, including its NYX shares. As a result of this sale, at December 31, 2009, LaBranche LLC recognized a non-cash impairment charge related to its intangible assets of $87.6 million related to the DMM business. As a result of this impairment at December 31, 2009, the Company did not recognize any gain or loss on the disposition of the DMM operations in 2010. The operating results of the DMM business, which were formerly included in the Market-Making segment, are summarized as follows (000s omitted):
For The Three Months Ended September 30, |
For The Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2010 (1) | 2009 | |||||||||||||
(unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense |
$ | | $ | 9,442 | $ | 1,777 | $ | 34,338 | ||||||||
Total expenses |
| 5,319 | 2,129 | 14,755 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
| 4,123 | (352 | ) | 19,583 | |||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
| 1,597 | (4,019 | ) | 7,323 | |||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations |
$ | | $ | 2,526 | $ | 3,667 | $ | 12,260 | ||||||||
(1) | 2010 revenues through January 22, 2010 only. |
13. | SHORT-TERM DEBT |
As of September 30, 2010, the Company had no remaining debt. On February 15, 2010 the Company redeemed of all its remaining outstanding 11% Senior Notes due 2012, in the aggregate principal amount of $189.3 million, at the redemption price of 102.75% plus accrued and unpaid interest.
As of December 31, 2009, short-term debt of the Company was comprised of the $189.3 million in its outstanding Senior Notes, at the interest rate of 11% per annum.
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As a result of the redemption there was no interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2010. For the third quarter of 2009, the Companys expense related to the Senior Notes totaled $5.4 million, including the amortized debt issuance costs for the Senior Notes.
14. | SUBSEQUENT EVENTS |
Stock Repurchase
In October and to date in November 2010, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 385,464 shares of its outstanding common stock at total price of $1.5 million, or an average price of $3.93 per share. Management continues to monitor opportunities to repurchase stock. These purchases were in addition to purchases made in the third quarter of 2010 by the Company of an aggregate of 1,194,266 shares of its common stock in connection with the previously-announced repurchase authorization by its board of directors.
Merger of LaBranche Structured Products, LLC & LaBranche Financial Services, LLC
On November 1, 2010, FINRA formally approved a proposed merger of LSP and LFS into one combined broker dealer. The Company anticipates that the merger will be consummated in the fourth quarter of 2010. The surviving entity in the merger will change its name to LaBranche Capital, LLC. The Company believes that this merger will enable it to more efficiently deploy its resources by aggregating the capital of LSP and LFS into one firm and by enabling the Company to continue to reduce additional redundancies and expenses.
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Item 2. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
Unless the context otherwise requires, the Company or we shall mean LaBranche & Co Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
This Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 (the 2009 10-K) and our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto contained in this report.
Executive Overview
In the third quarter of 2010, we reported an after-tax GAAP net loss of $10.5 million, or $0.25 cents per share. By comparison, we reported an after-tax GAAP net loss for the second quarter of 2010, or $15.1 million, or $0.35 per share, and an after-tax GAAP net loss from continuing operations for the third quarter of 2009 of $11.4 million, or $0.21 per share.
The loss per share reported above for three months ended September 30, 2010 compared to the three-months ended September 30, 2009 was significantly affected by our repurchases, net of issuances, of approximately 12.3 million shares of our outstanding common stock since September 30, 2009. Following these repurchases, we have approximately 41.3 million shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2010 versus 53.6 million shares outstanding as of September 30, 2009.
Our negative results primarily were caused by continued losses in our market-making segment. The largest portion of the losses of this segment occurred in our options market-making business, which were a continuation of the losses in that business from the second quarter. We have since made adjustments in that business line, including changes in personnel and significant reductions in inventory. We intend to continue to reduce our footprint in this business line and are moving to an electronic market-making model with lower inventories. In addition, we generated moderate losses in our ETF market-making business both domestically and internationally, which we attribute to unusually low trading activities. Our institutional brokerage segment also reported losses in the third quarter, the majority of which were associated with product lines in which we no longer provide services, such as leveraged loans and fixed income securities, equity options, and over-the-counter/pink sheets market-making activities, as well as a decline in value of our restricted shares of CBOE Holdings, Inc. stock that we received when the CBOE went public. Our third quarter results also included approximately $1.8 million associated with severance costs.
In the third quarter of 2010, we continued our efforts to substantially cut overhead and other operational costs, such as employee compensation, communication and inventory financing costs. Although we made significant progress in reducing these fixed and variable costs, the continued decline in margins and volumes traded made it difficult for us to realize the costs savings in our bottom line results.
We are, however, continuing to focus our efforts on the business lines that provide us the best opportunity to generate positive income. These businesses include foreign currency options trading and market-making, ETF market-making and electronic options market making. We believe that our strategies in these businesses are better suited to the current market structure and environment and require lower inventories.
Going forward, we are focused on continuing to reduce our overhead and footprint, and are intent on preserving capital for our stockholders. We are reducing the business activities in which the margins have been deteriorating, particularly in our options market-making and institutional brokerage businesses, where opportunities to generate favorable returns on capital have become fewer and trading expenses have not declined at a commensurate pace.
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We are also continuing to reduce overhead and potential redundancies in our domestic broker-dealer businesses. On November 1, 2010, FINRA approved a proposed merger of LaBranche Structured Products, LLC (LSP) and LaBranche Financial Services, LLC (LFS) into one combined entity, and we expect to consummate the merger in the fourth quarter of 2010. The surviving entity in the merger will change its name to LaBranche Capital, LLC. We believe that this merger will enable us to more efficiently deploy our resources by aggregating the capital of LSP and LFS into one firm and by enabling us to reduce additional redundancies and expenses.
We continue to have a very liquid balance sheet, which is emphasized by having no long-term debt. We believe that the changes discussed above, as well as the changes to our corporate structure and operations in the first quarter of 2010, have been designed to preserve or increase our capital and also give us the flexibility to enter new businesses and consider other opportunities as they arise or consider ways to return capital to our stockholders. At September 30, 2010, our liquid assets of approximately $196.7 million were primarily comprised of cash, net receivables and payables from brokers and dealers and net financial instruments owned. Our book equity value at September 30, 2010 was approximately $247.8 million, and we had approximately 41.3 million shares outstanding.
Regulation G Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In evaluating the Companys financial performance, management reviews results from continuing operations excluding non-operating items. Pro-forma earnings per share is a non-GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) performance measure, but the Company believes that it is useful to assist investors in gaining an understanding of the trends and operating results for our continuing business. Pro-forma earnings per share should be viewed in addition to, and not in lieu of, the Companys reported results under U.S. GAAP.
Commencing in the first quarter of 2010, the Company is no longer adjusting its GAAP revenues to give pro forma effect to gains/losses in its NYX shares due to the fact that the Company sold approximately 2.1 million of its 3.1 million previously-owned NYX shares, leaving the Company with approximately 1.0 million NYX shares. Therefore, the adjustments that reflected the loss in the Companys NYX shares that were made in the Companys earnings release for the third quarter of 2009 have been removed from this Regulation G reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures. In the earnings release for the third quarter of 2009, the Company had adjusted reported revenues by pre-tax gains of $5.1 million and $4.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively, to reflect the change in fair value of the Companys NYX shares in those periods. These adjustment amounts are removed in this earnings release to enable the reader to compare similar measures in each period.
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The following is a reconciliation of U.S. GAAP results from continuing operations to our pro-forma results from continuing operations for the periods presented (000s omitted):
Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts as reported |
(1) Adjustments |
Pro forma amounts |
Amounts as reported |
(1) Adjustments |
Pro forma amounts |
|||||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense, from continuing operations |
$ | (3,576 | ) | $ | | $ | (3,576 | ) | $ | 9,155 | $ | | $ | 9,155 | ||||||||||
Total expenses |
14,258 | | 14,258 | 28,301 | | 28,301 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) before (benefit) for income taxes |
(17,834 | ) | | (17,834 | ) | (19,146 | ) | | (19,146 | ) | ||||||||||||||
(Benefit) for income taxes |
(7,385 | ) | | (7,385 | ) | (7,720 | ) | | (7,720 | ) | ||||||||||||||
(Loss) from continuing operations |
$ | (10,449 | ) | | $ | (10,449 | ) | $ | (11,426 | ) | | $ | (11,426 | ) | ||||||||||
Basic per share |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | | $ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | | $ | (0.21 | ) | ||||||||
Diluted per share |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | | $ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | | $ | (0.21 | ) | ||||||||
None Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts as reported |
(1) Adjustments |
Pro forma amounts |
Amounts as reported |
(1) Adjustments |
Pro forma amounts |
|||||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense, from continuing operations |
$ | 16,458 | $ | | $ | 16,458 | $ | 11,654 | $ | | $ | 11,654 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
61,772 | (7,192 | ) | 54,580 | 75,444 | 762 | 76,206 | |||||||||||||||||
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes |
(45,314 | ) | 7,192 | (38,122 | ) | (63,790 | ) | (762 | ) | (64,552 | ) | |||||||||||||
(Benefit) provision for income taxes |
(17,480 | ) | 2,877 | (14,603 | ) | (26,196 | ) | (305 | ) | (26,501 | ) | |||||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations |
$ | (27,834 | ) | $ | 4,315 | $ | (23,519 | ) | $ | (37,594 | ) | $ | (457 | ) | $ | (38,051 | ) | |||||||
Basic per share |
$ | (0.62 | ) | $ | 0.10 | $ | (0.52 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | |||||||
Diluted per share |
$ | (0.62 | ) | $ | 0.10 | $ | (0.52 | ) | $ | (0.67 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) |
(1) | Expense adjustment reflects the (income) expense associated with early extinguishment of the Companys debt in accounting period. |
New Accounting Developments
See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding New Accounting Developments.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Financial Instruments
Financial instruments owned, at fair value and Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value are reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements, at fair value, on a recurring basis. Pursuant to ASC 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, or the exit price, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
We have adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 outlines a fair value hierarchy that is used to determine the value to be reported. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (which are considered level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (which are considered level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are as follows:
Level 1 |
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; |
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Level 2 |
Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; | |
Level 3 |
Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions would reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Such valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques. |
Non-Marketable Securities
The measurement of non-marketable securities is a critical accounting estimate. Investments in non-marketable securities consist of investments in equity securities of private companies, restricted stock of public companies and limited liability company interests of service provider entities and therefore are included in other assets or financial instruments owned in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition due to the nature of business in which we have an investment. Certain investments in non-marketable securities are initially carried at cost, unless there are third-party transactions evidencing a change in value. For certain other investments in non-marketable securities, we adjust their carrying value by applying the equity method of accounting pursuant to ASC 325. Under the equity method the investor recognizes its share of the earnings and losses of an investee in the periods for which they are reported by the investee in its financial statements. These assets included in other assets represent limited liability companies that are service providers and whose value is affected by nonfinancial components. In addition, if and when available, management considers other relevant factors relating to non-marketable securities in estimating their value, such as the financial performance of the entity, its cash flow forecasts, trends within that entitys industry and any specific rights associated with our investmentsuch as conversion featuresamong others.
Non-marketable investments are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that such investments carrying value may be impaired.
Use of Estimates
The use of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make certain estimates. In addition to the estimates we make in connection with fair value measurements and the accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, the use of estimates is also important in determining provisions for potential losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings and tax audits.
We estimate and provide for potential losses that may arise out of litigation, regulatory proceedings and tax audits to the extent that such losses are probable and can be estimated, in accordance with ASC 450, Accounting for Contingencies and ASC 740, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. Significant judgment is required in making these estimates and our final liabilities may ultimately be materially different. Our total liability in respect of litigation and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case basis and represents an estimate of probable losses after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case or proceeding, our experience and the experience of others in similar cases or proceedings, and the opinions and views of legal counsel. Given the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of our litigation and regulatory matters, particularly in cases or proceedings in which substantial or indeterminate damages or fines are sought, we cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for cases or proceedings where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred. See Legal Proceedings in Part II, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on our judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings.
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Completed Purchases of Outstanding Indebtedness
As of September 30, 2010, we have no outstanding indebtedness. On February 15, 2010 (the Redemption Date), we fully redeemed and cancelled all of our remaining outstanding public indebtedness pursuant to the optional redemption provisions of the indenture governing our public debt.
Stock Purchases and Completed Tender Offer
On January 29, 2010, we commenced a tender offer to purchase up to 15,000,000 shares of our outstanding common stock, at a price of $4.60 per share. On March 1, 2010, the tender offer expired and we repurchased an aggregate of 8,539,667 shares of common stock, at a price of $4.60 per share, for a total tender price of $39.3 million. The repurchase of the shares tendered, combined with the 12,797,302 shares repurchased by us pursuant to board-authorized plans, has resulted in our repurchasing an aggregate of 21,336,969 shares of our common stock, constituting an aggregate of 34.4% of our shares that were outstanding before any repurchases were made under our repurchase programs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2010 we have repurchased, including the tender offer shares, a total of 10,410,000 treasury shares which is 16.8% of our shares that were outstanding before any repurchases were made under our repurchase programs. As of September 30, 2010, we had approximately $52.6 million in board-authorized repurchases remaining under our repurchase program. Refer to footnote #14 of the Financial Statements for the number of shares of our common stock that we repurchased subsequent to September 30, 2010.
Results of Operations
Market-Making Segment Operating Results from Continuing Operations (without DMM Business Results)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
Percentage Change |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Percentage Change |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(000s omitted) | 2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) gain on trading |
$ | (2,192 | ) | $ | 11,252 | (119.5 | )% | $ | 19,084 | $ | 18,565 | 2.8 | % | |||||||||||
Other |
153 | 920 | (83.4 | ) | 912 | 3,007 | (69.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total segment revenues |
(2,039 | ) | 12,172 | (116.8 | ) | 19,996 | 21,572 | (7.3 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Inventory financing |
2,315 | 5,268 | (56.1 | ) | 11,576 | 16,355 | (29.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense |
(4,354 | ) | 6,904 | (163.1 | ) | 8,420 | 5,217 | 61.4 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
8,673 | 15,877 | (45.4 | ) | 30,395 | 38,869 | (21.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
(Loss) before taxes |
$ | (13,027 | ) | $ | (8,973 | ) | 45.2 | % | $ | (21,975 | ) | $ | (33,652 | ) | 34.7 | % | ||||||||
Revenues from our Market-Making segment from continuing operations consist primarily of net gains and losses resulting from our market-making activities in ETFs, and options and net gains and losses resulting from trading of foreign currencies, futures and equities underlying the rights, ETFs and options for which we act as market-maker.
Net (loss) gain on trading represents trading gains net of trading losses and certain exchange imposed trading activity fees, where applicable, and are earned by us when we act as principal buying and selling stocks, rights, options, ETFs and futures as well as the aggregate gains/(losses) generated from other investments not derived specifically from market-making activities.
Other revenue at our Market-Making segment consists primarily of miscellaneous receipts not derived specifically from market-making activities.
Inventory financing costs is comprised mainly of interest expense relating to positions taken in connection with our options, futures and ETFs market-making operations.
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2010 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
Net loss on trading in the third quarter of 2010 was $2.2 million, which was partially attributable to the unsuccessful results of some of our options market making strategies that continued from the second quarter of 2010, compared to a net gain on trading of $11.3 million in the third quarter of 2009. The third quarter 2010 net loss on trading included a realized and unrealized pre-tax gain on our NYX shares of $1.1 million which represents a increase in the fair value of our NYX shares since June 30, 2010 as compared to $5.1 million unrealized pre-tax gain in the fair value of our NYX shares in the third quarter of 2009.
Other revenues decreased primarily as a result of reduced trading interest income and reduced dividend income from our NYX shares due the sale of approximately 2.1 million shares of that position in the fourth quarter of 2009 the first and third quarters of 2010.
Inventory financing costs decreased primarily as a result of a decrease in our positions and lower rates relating to margin interest.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
Net gain on trading increased by $.5 million to $19.1 million in the first nine months of 2010 from $18.6 million in the first nine months of 2009, due mainly to the increase in revenues from our foreign currency trading activity during the first nine months of 2010. Net gain on principal transactions was mainly attributable to our foreign ETF market-making and foreign currency trading activity during the first nine months of 2010 partly offset by losses from our domestic options market making activity. By comparison, the first nine months of 2009 the trading gains from the foreign ETF market making were only partly offset by losses from our domestic options market making activity.
Other revenues decreased primarily as a result of reduced trading interest income and reduced dividend income from NYX shares due to the sale of approximately 2.1 million shares of that position in the fourth quarter of 2009 and first and third quarter of 2010.
Inventory financing decreased primarily as a result of a decrease in our positions and lower rates in 2010 versus 2009 relating to margin interest.
For a discussion of operating expenses see Our Operating Expenses below.
Institutional Brokerage Segment Operating Results
For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
Percentage Change |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Percentage Change |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(000s omitted) | 2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gain (loss) on trading |
$ | (1,411 | ) | $ | 659 | (314.1 | ) % | $ | 1,288 | $ | (67 | ) | 2,022.4 | % | ||||||||||
Commissions and other fees |
2,095 | 7,228 | (71.0 | ) | 11,081 | 22,961 | (51.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Other |
1 | (216 | ) | 100.5 | (37 | ) | 279 | (113.3 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total segment revenues |
685 | 7,671 | (91.1 | ) | 12,332 | 23,173 | (46.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Inventory financing |
| 1 | 5 | 4 | 25.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense |
685 | 7,670 | (91.1 | ) | 12,327 | 23,169 | (46.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
3,452 | 9,576 | (64.0 | ) | 17,892 | 27,919 | (35.9 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before taxes |
$ | (2,767 | ) | $ | (1,906 | ) | 45.2 | % | $ | (5,565 | ) | $ | (4,750 | ) | 17.2 | % | ||||||||
Our Institutional Brokerage segments commission revenue includes commissions generated by our sales trading and our professional traders in each period. During the third quarter of 2010, the institutional brokerage segment stopped offering execution services in leveraged loan/fixed income and options products and also significantly reduced its over-the-counter bulletin board and pink sheets market-making activities.
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Net (loss) gain on trading reflects principal trading results of the segment in each period. The 2010 amounts include mainly realized and unrealized gains associated with the exchange of our CBOE seat memberships. The aggregated gains and losses generated from our investment in NYX shares are included in 2009 results. In December 2009, LFS sold all of its NYX shares.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2010 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
Net gain on trading decreased by $2.1 million to a loss of $1.4 million in the third quarter of 2010 from $0.7 million in the third quarter of 2009, primarily as a result of an unrealized loss on our CBOE stock and a decline in the value of our market making positions. The 2009 gain is primarily related to an increase in the share price of NYX stock from its June 30, 2009 price. In December 2009, LFS sold all of its NYX shares.
Commission revenues decreased primarily as a result of a decline in trading volumes in the institutional execution markets and a decrease in the institutional trading desk customer base as well as a reduction in sales trading personnel at our institutional trading desk.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
Net gain on trading increased by $1.4 million to $1.3 million in the first nine months of 2010 from a net loss of $0.1 million in the first nine months of 2009, primarily the result of a net gain due to the exchange of a CBOE seat membership partially offset by a subsequent unrealized loss on our CBOE stock and a decline in the value of our market-making inventory positions.
Commission revenues decreased primarily as a result of a decline in trading volumes in the institutional execution markets and a decrease in the institutional trading desk customer base and reduction in personnel at our institutional trading desk.
For a discussion of operating expenses see Our Operating Expenses below.
Other Segment Operating Results
For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
Percentage Change |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Percentage Change |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(000s omitted) | 2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net gain (loss) on trading |
$ | 58 | $ | (48 | ) | % | $ | (1,723 | ) | $ | (270 | ) | % | |||||||||||
Other |
$ | 35 | $ | 17 | 105.9 | % | $ | 35 | $ | (17 | ) | 305.9 | % | |||||||||||
Total segment revenues |
93 | (31 | ) | (400.0 | ) | (1,688 | ) | (287 | ) | (488.2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Fixed interest on debt |
| 5,388 | (100.0 | ) | 2,639 | 16,445 | (84.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net of interest expense |
93 | (5,419 | ) | 101.7 | (4,327 | ) | (16,732 | ) | 74.1 | |||||||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt |
| | 7,192 | (762 | ) | (1,043.8 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
2,133 | 2,848 | (25.1 | ) | 6,242 | 9,418 | (33.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Loss before taxes |
$ | (2,040 | ) | $ | (8,267 | ) | 75.3 | % | $ | (17,761 | ) | $ | (25,388 | ) | (30.0 | )% | ||||||||
The portion of our revenues that is not generated from our two principal business segments consists primarily of unrealized gains or losses on our non-marketable investments and interest income from short-term investments of our excess cash.
Revenues, net of interest expense, of our Other segment is calculated after netting revenues by the interest expense related to our public debt and interest accrued on reserves.
Interest expense mainly relates to the effective yield on our public debt inclusive of our debt issuance costs. As noted, on February 15, 2010, we redeemed all of the 2012 Notes which eliminated the fixed interest on public debt of approximately $21 million per year. The fixed interest on debt of $2.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 represents the interest we paid on our outstanding debt in the first quarter of 2010 until the debt was redeemed on February 15, 2010.
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Operating expenses mainly relate to finance, accounting, tax, legal, treasury and human resource expenditures as well as related insurance and corporate governance costs and fees.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2010 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
Other revenues increased primarily as a result of an increase in the market value of our non-marketable investments.
Interest expense decreased due to the redemption and repurchase of our outstanding debt.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
Other revenues increased primarily as a result of an increase in the market value of our non-marketable investments.
Interest expense decreased due to the redemption and repurchase of our outstanding debt.
For a discussion of operating expenses see Our Operating Expenses below.
Our Operating Expenses
For the Three Months | For the nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ended September 30, | Percentage | Ended September 30, | Percentage | |||||||||||||||||||||
(000s omitted) | 2010 | 2009 | Change | 2010 | 2009 | Change | ||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and related benefits |
$ | 5,413 | $ | 11,164 | (51.5 | )% | $ | 21,966 | $ | 27,958 | (21.4 | )% | ||||||||||||
Exchange, clearing, brokerage and license fees |
2,963 | 9,542 | (68.9 | ) | 13,271 | 25,529 | (48.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
479 | 1,025 | (53.3 | ) | 1,451 | 2,948 | (50.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Extinguishment of debt |
| | 7,192 | (762 | ) | 1,043.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses |
5,403 | 6,570 | (17.8 | ) | 17,841 | 19,771 | (9.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total expenses before taxes |
$ | 14,258 | $ | 28,301 | (49.6 | ) | $ | 61,721 | $ | 75,444 | (18.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Benefit provision for income taxes |
$ | (7,385 | ) | $ | (7,720 | ) | (4.3 | )% | $ | (17,480 | ) | $ | (26,196 | ) | (33.3 | )% |
Our Market-Making segments employee compensation and related benefits expense consists of salaries, wages and performance-based compensation paid to our traders and related support staff based on operating results. The employee compensation and related benefits expense associated with our Institutional Brokerage segment consists of salaries, wages and performance-based compensation paid to certain institutional brokerage personnel based on their earned commissions or operating results. Performance-based compensation may include cash compensation and stock-based compensation granted to managing directors, trading professionals and other employees.
Exchange, clearing and brokerage fees expense at our Market-Making segment consists primarily of fees paid by us to the NYSE, the NYSE/Amex, NYSE/Arca and other exchanges, the Depository Trust Clearing Corporation (DTCC) and to third party execution and clearing companies. The fees paid by us to these entities are primarily based on the volume of transactions executed by us as principal and as agent, a fee based on exchange seat use, technology fees, a flat annual fee and execution and clearing fees. Our Institutional Brokerage segments exchange, clearing and brokerage fees expense consists of fees paid for executions including those paid to exchanges and electronic communication networks (ECNs), direct/indirect lines to exchanges and fees paid to our clearing firm.
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Other operating expenses primarily are comprised of communications costs, occupancy costs, such as office space and equipment leases and utilities, professional, legal and consulting fees and insurance and directed payments to customers in our Institutional Brokerage segment.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2010 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
Employee compensation and related benefits decreased as a result of our incentive and bonus compensation being lower based on decreased trading results as well as our headcount being lower in 2010 versus 2009. The employee compensation expense reported for the three months ended September 30, 2010 includes $1.8 million of severance costs.
Exchange, clearing and brokerage fees decreased as a result of a decline in volumes traded by our operating subsidiaries.
Depreciation and amortization of intangibles decreased as a result of the reduction of capitalized assets due to the sale of the DMM business.
Other operating costs are mainly lower due to lower occupancy, directed payments and communication costs offset by higher professional fees.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
Employee compensation and related benefits decreased as a result of our incentive and bonus compensation being lower based on decreased trading results. The employee compensation reported in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 includes $3.7 million of severance costs.
Exchange, clearing and brokerage fees decreased as a result of a decline in volumes traded by our operating subsidiaries.
Depreciation and amortization of intangibles decreased as a result of the reduction of capitalized assets due to the sale of the DMM business.
Other expenses were slightly lower due to reduced insurance and directed payments to customers offset by higher professional and occupancy costs.
Extinguishment of debt relates to costs associated with the redemption of our outstanding public indebtedness. The Company redeemed all of its remaining outstanding 11% Senior Notes due 2012 in the first quarter of 2010.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2010, we had $1,464 million in assets, of which $85.3 million consisted of cash and short-term investments, primarily in overnight time deposits, government obligations maturing within 30 days and cash and securities segregated under federal regulations. This compares with $3,702 million in assets at December 31, 2009, of which $188.5 million consisted of cash and shortterm investments. To date, we have financed our operations primarily with cash flows from operations and proceeds from our debt and equity offerings. Due to the nature of the securities business and our role as a market-maker and execution agent, the amount of our cash and short-term investments, as well as operating cash flow, may vary considerably due to a number of factors, including the dollar value of our positions as principal, whether we are net buyers or sellers of securities, the dollar volume of executions by our customers and clearing broker requirements, among others. Certain regulatory requirements constrain the use of a small portion of our liquid assets for financing, investing or operating activities. The Company continues to maintain at least the necessary regulatory capital in all subsidiaries as well as maintain excess cash at its holding company.
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At September 30, 2010, our net cash capital position was $47.3 million. Fluctuations in net cash capital are common and are a function of variability in our total assets, statement of financial condition composition and total capital. We attempt to maintain cash capital sources in excess of our aggregate longer-term funding requirements (i.e., positive net cash capital). Over the previous 12 months, our net cash capital has averaged above $50.7 million, and the substantial decline in the net cash capital from 2009 to 2010 is primarily due to the use of cash to repay and cancel all of our outstanding public indebtedness, cash used to repurchase our capital stock and the trading losses generated by our options market-making operations, as more fully set forth below.
($ millions) | ||||||||
09/30/10 | 09/30/09 | |||||||
Cash Capital Available: |
||||||||
Stockholders equity |
$ | 247.8 | $ | 398.4 | ||||
Long term debt > 1 year |
| 189.3 | ||||||
Other holding company liabilities |
2.0 | 39.1 | ||||||
Total cash capital available |
$ | 249.8 | $ | 626.8 | ||||
Cash Capital Required: |
||||||||
Regulatory capital (1) |
$ | 22.2 | $ | 75.6 | ||||
Working capital |
112.6 | 125.9 | ||||||
Illiquid assets/long-term investments (2) |
62.6 | 256.7 | ||||||
Subsidiary intercompany (3) |
5.1 | 74.0 | ||||||
Total Cash Capital Required |
$ | 202.5 | $ | 532.2 | ||||
Net Cash Capital (1) |
$ | 47.3 | $ | 94.6 | ||||
(1) | Included in Net Cash Capital at 9/30/09 is short term receivables from leveraged loan transactions due within a 21 day period. |
(2) | Illiquid assets at September 30, 2010 include $3.2 million of restricted stock, $2.1 million investment in limited partnership, $2.5 investment in the CBOE stock, $10.4 million fixed assets and $38.9 million Deferred tax assets. |
(3) | Intercompany transfers are demand notes and are not considered regulatory capital of subsidiaries. |
Cash Capital Available is mainly comprised of stockholders equity, long term debt, subordinated debt and other liabilities of our parent holding company which, in the aggregate, constitute the currency used to purchase our assets and provide our working capital. This amount will principally be affected as debt matures or is refinanced and as earnings are retained or paid as dividends. Cash Capital Required mainly consists of the assets used in our businesses. Regulatory capital is defined as capital required by the SEC and applicable exchanges to be maintained by broker-dealers. It is principally comprised of cash, net equities, other investments and net receivables from other broker-dealers. Working capital constitutes liquid assets provided to our subsidiaries in excess of the required regulatory capital. Illiquid assets and long term investments are mainly comprised of exchange memberships, intangible assets, such as goodwill, tradename, deposits, deferred taxes and non-marketable investments. Net Cash Capital is considered to be the excess of Cash Capital Available over Cash Capital Required, or free cash, which we can utilize to fund our business needs.
During 2009, our holding company increased intercompany loans to the Market Making segment in order to reduce our inventory financing costs and made additional repurchases of our outstanding common stock. These expenditures represent a major portion of the decrease in available cash at the holding company from September 30, 2009 to September 30, 2010. The intercompany market-making loans were fully repaid to our holding company on January 20, 2010.
Our management has always viewed its core assets to be its trading equity in brokerage accounts, which consist of net financial instruments, broker-dealer receivables/payables, and cash available at the holding company and subsidiaries. Effectively, these are the liquid assets used primarily to provide liquidity in the market making and institutional brokerage businesses, as well as to grow our company.
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($ millions) | ||||||||
09/30/10 | 09/30/09 | |||||||
Market Making |
$ | 135,657 | $ | 350,799 | ||||
Institutional Brokerage |
11,809 | 25,445 | ||||||
Net Trading Equity |
147,466 | 376,244 | ||||||
Holding Company cash |
49,219 | 94,588 | ||||||
Net liquid assets |
$ | 196,685 | $ | 470,832 | ||||
The decrease in net liquid assets of $274.1 million from $470.8 million at September 30, 2009 to $196.7 million at September 30, 2010 is mainly due to the repurchase of the public debt for $199.7 million and stock repurchases during this period of $47.4 million.
We also monitor alternative funding measures in addition to our available net cash. The alternative funding measures are significant transactions and actions we could take in the short-term to generate cash to meet debt maturities or other business needs. More precisely, as of September 30, 2010, we have identified the following alternative funding measures to support future business needs, including any stock repurchases that we may determine to execute of the $52.6 million remaining under our board-approved repurchase plan:
1. | Collect intercompany loan balances; |
2. | Reduction of excess capital at LaBranche & Co. LLC to only required NLA (i.e., declare and pay a dividend to the holding company of excess NLA); |
3. | Our NYX shares, as previously discussed, can be either sold or held as qualifying regulatory capital; |
4. | Liquidation of available net invested capital at certain subsidiaries. |
Alternative Funding Measures |
||||
($ millions) | ||||
Net cash capital |
$ | 47.3 | ||
Intercompany advance |
5.1 | |||
Excess regulatory capital at subsidiaries (1) |
82.7 | |||
Other investments (2) |
2.1 | |||
Total cash available from alternative funding measures |
$ | 137.2 | ||
(1) | Subject to regulatory approval prior to distribution to the holding company. |
(2) | After tax proceeds of hedge fund investments. |
On February 15, 2010 (the Redemption Date), we fully redeemed and cancelled all of our remaining outstanding public indebtedness pursuant to the optional redemption provisions of the indenture governing our public debt. On the Redemption Date, all of our remaining note holders were paid 102.75% of the principal amount of their notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon up to the Redemption Date. Therefore, as of February 15, 2010, we have no remaining outstanding public debt, resulting in a reduction of our interest expense by approximately $21 million per year.
We reduced our tax contingency reserve by $12.3 million due to the sale of the DMM assets and the conclusion of a tax audit cycle during the first quarter of 2010. Such contingencies are considered long term, as there is no present obligation to pay such liabilities in the foreseeable future.
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On January 29, 2010, we commenced a cash tender offer to purchase up to 15 million shares of our outstanding common stock at a price of $4.60 per share. The tender offer expired on March 1, 2010 at 5:00 p.m., New York City time. In accordance with the terms and conditions of the tender offer, we purchased 8,539,667 shares of our common stock at a price of $4.60 per share, for a total cost of approximately $39.3 million (excluding fees and expenses relating to the tender offer). Thus, the number of shares we purchased in the tender offer represented approximately 16.6% of our outstanding common stock, since we had 51,487,523 shares outstanding prior to the commencement of the tender offer (following all prior purchases made by us under the prior repurchase program). At September 30, 2010 approximately 41.3 million shares of our common stock remain outstanding. As of September 30, 2010, we had approximately $52.6 million in board-authorized repurchases remaining under our repurchase program. Repurchases may be made in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, in a tender offer, Dutch auction or otherwise, in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws. The timing and amounts of any purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors, including price and regulatory requirements.
Regulated Subsidiaries
As a registered broker-dealer and NYSE Amex member firm, LSP is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and the NYSE/Amex (through FINRA). LSP is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $100,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, LSPs net capital, as defined, was $31.8 million and $85.7 million, respectively, which exceeded minimum requirements by $31.3 million and $82.8 million, respectively. LSPs aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on those dates was 0.22 to 1 and .51 to 1, respectively. A component of the net capital reduction was regulatory capital charges on gross foreign currency positions which will be decreased in future periods. In July 2010, LSP distributed $10 million to LaBranche Structured Holdings Inc. in the form of a dividend.
As a registered broker-dealer and member firm of the NYSE, LFS is also subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and the NYSE. Under the alternative method permitted by this rule, the minimum required net capital is equal to the greater of $1.0 million or 2.0% of aggregate debit items, as defined. As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, LFS net capital, as defined, was $5.1 million and $26.1 million, respectively, which exceeded minimum requirements by $4.1 million and $25.1 million, respectively. In January 2010, LFS distributed $15 million to LaBranche & Co Inc. in the form of a dividend.
LFS is also subject to SEC Rule 15c3-3 because it maintains a soft dollar program that may result in credit balances to such clients. To comply with its September 30, 2010 requirement, cash and U.S. Treasury Bills in the amount of $1.7 million were segregated in a special reserve account for the exclusive benefit of customers, thus exceeding actual requirements by $0.4 million. To comply with its December 31, 2009 requirement, cash and U.S. Treasury Bills in the amount of $1.7 million were segregated in a special reserve account for the exclusive benefit of customers, exceeding actual requirements by $0.5 million.
As a market-maker, we are required to maintain certain levels of capital and liquid assets as promulgated by various regulatory agencies which regulate our business. As part of our overall risk management procedures (for further discussion, refer to Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk), we attempt to balance our responsibility as a market-maker and broker-dealer with our overall capital resources. These requirements restrict our ability to make use of cash and other liquid assets for corporate actions, such as repaying our debt, repurchasing stock or making acquisitions.
On April 16, 2010, LSP and LFS subsidiaries submitted an application to FINRA to merge into one combined entity and on November 1, 2010, FINRA provided us with informal notice of approval of the merger. We anticipate the merger will be consummated in the fourth quarter of 2010. LSP will be the surviving entity in the merger and will change its name to LaBranche Capital, LLC. In our opinion, the merger will enable us to more efficiently use our capital by aggregating their capital resources into one firm. We currently expect that the business activities of LaBranche Capital, LLC will not be materially different than the business activities of LSP and LFS prior to the merger.
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It is anticipated that, upon completion of the proposed merger, LaBranche Capital, LLCs net capital requirement as a FINRA member firm and registered broker-dealer will be equivalent to the greater of $1.0 million or 2.0% of aggregate debit items, as defined. We expect that the combined entity will have sufficient capital resources to meet and exceed these capital requirements.
LSPS is a non-registered proprietary trading company that currently does not engage in any operations. It is anticipated that the Company will move some of its non-broker-dealer proprietary trading operations into LSPS in the fourth quarter of 2010.
Following the sale of our DMM operations on January 22, 2010, as a broker-dealer, LaBranche & Co. LLC is subject to regulatory requirements intended to ensure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers and requiring the maintenance of minimum levels of net capital, as defined in SEC Rule 15c3-1. LaBranche & Co. LLC is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $100,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. NYSE Rule 326(c) also prohibits a broker-dealer from repaying subordinated borrowings, paying cash dividends, making loans to any parent, affiliates or employees, or otherwise entering into transactions which would result in a reduction of its total net capital to less than 150.0% of its required minimum capital. Moreover, broker-dealers are required to notify the SEC prior to repaying subordinated borrowings, paying dividends and making loans to any parent, affiliates or employees, or otherwise entering into transactions which, if executed, would result in a reduction of 30.0% or more of their excess net capital (net capital less minimum requirement). The SEC has the ability to prohibit or restrict such transactions if the result is deemed detrimental to the financial integrity of the broker-dealer. As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, LaBranche & Co. LLCs net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 15c3-1, was $0.9 million and $91.9 million, respectively, which exceeded the minimum requirements by $0.8 million and $90.9 million, respectively. LaBranche & Co. LLCs aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on those dates was 0 and 0.02 to 1. During 2010, LLC distributed $117 million to LaBranche & Co Inc. in the form of a dividend.
As a registered broker-dealer and FINRA member firm, LSPD is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC, the NYSE/Amex and FINRA. LSPD is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $5,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, LSPDs net capital, as defined, was $0.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, which exceeded its minimum requirement by $0.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively. LSPDs aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on both dates was .01 to 1. In January 2010, LSPD distributed $2.0 million to its parent in the form of a dividend.
As a registered broker dealer in the United Kingdom, LSPE is subject to the capital adequacy and capital resources as managed and monitored in accordance with the regulatory capital requirements of the Financial Services Authority (FSA). In calculating regulatory capital, our capital consists wholly of Tier 1 capital. Tier 1 capital is the core measure of a Companys financial strength from a regulators point of view. It consists of the type of financial capital considered the most reliable and liquid, primarily Shareholders Equity. As of September 30, 2010 Tier 1 capital, as defined, was $59.4 million which exceeded the total variable capital requirement by $38.8 million. As of December 31, 2009 Tier 1 capital, as defined, was $49.6 million which exceeded the total variable capital requirement by $3.2 million.
As a registered corporation under the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance, LSPH is subject to the capital requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures (Financial Resources) Rules (FRR). The minimum paid-up share capital requirement is HKD 5,000,000 ($0.6 million at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009) and the minimum liquid capital requirement is the higher of HKD 3,000,000 ($0.4 million at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009) or the variable required liquid capital as defined in the FRR. We monitor our compliance with the requirements of the FRR on a daily basis. As of September 30, 2010, LSPHs liquid capital, as defined was $3.2 million, which exceeded its minimum requirements by $2.8 million. As of December 31, 2009, LSPHs liquid capital, as defined was $0.4 million, which exceeded its minimum requirements by $0.1 million. In January and June 2010
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and January and August 2009, LSPH received $0.5 million, $0.5 million, $1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of share capital from its parent to increase the companys regulatory capital above the minimum requirement. In July 2010, LSPH received share capital of $2.6 million from its parent to increase the companys regulatory capital.
Failure by any of our broker-dealer subsidiaries to maintain its required net capital and NLA, where applicable, may subject it to suspension or revocation of its SEC registration or its suspension or expulsion by the NYSE, the NYSE/Amex and/or any other exchange of which it is a member firm.
We believe we have adequate resources to provide for all required capital in all jurisdictions and maintain sufficient excess capital for growth and other corporate activities, as necessary.
Cash Flows
Our cash and cash equivalents decreased $103.1 million to $83.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The decrease was primarily attributable to cash used for financing activities of $189.3 million for repayment of debt and the related debt servicing costs for the call opportunity of $5.2 million, $47.4 million for the purchase of treasury stock, cash used for investing activities of $0.3 million for capital asset additions and the purchase of exchange memberships and $.2 million net decrease for the effect of exchange rate changes. This was offset by aggregate cash provided by operations of $139.3 million, which is comprised of a decrease in continuing operations working capital of $160.0 million mainly from the DMM operations and by cash provided from sale of the DMM assets of $32.0 million which is offset by a combined net loss from both continuing and discontinued operations of $20.7 million.
Credit Ratings
Our senior notes were originally sold in private sales to institutional investors on May 18, 2004, and substantially all these senior notes were subsequently exchanged for substantially identical senior notes registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to the terms of our May 2004 debt refinancing.
In September 2007, Moodys Investor Services changed its credit rating of our outstanding senior notes from B1 to B2, which continued to be our rating at December 31, 2009, but continued a stable outlook due to our high quality balance sheet and improved liquidity.
On January 14, 2010, Moodys evaluated us following the debt redemption announcement and continued the outstanding senior note rating at B2, but changed the outlook from stable to positive based upon the increasing quality of our balance sheet and improved liquidity due to the 2012 Senior Note redemption, sale of the DMM business and decreased working capital requirements going forward.
In August 2008, we determined that only one rating agency was necessary to provide a rating for the outstanding senior notes. As such, we terminated our relationship for credit rating services from Standard & Poors Investor Services.
We no longer use Moodys as a rating service since our debt was fully redeemed in the first quarter of 2010.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect or that are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our financial position or results of operations.
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Contractual Obligations
During the first nine months of 2010, there were no significant changes in our reported payments due under contractual obligations and disclosed contingent contractual obligations at December 31, 2009, as described in our 2009 Form 10-K.
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. |
Due to regulatory requirements that prescribe communication barriers between our broker-dealer subsidiaries, we employ different compliance risk management procedures at each such subsidiary. These risk processes are set forth below:
Our Options and ETFs Market-Making Risk Management Process
As a market-maker in options and ETFs through our LSH Group of entities, we also trade as principal in those products and in other related products such as futures, options in the securities of other related industry companies and foreign currency products. In our market-making function, we bring immediacy and liquidity to the markets when we participate. Our market-making activities expose us to certain risks, including, but not limited to, price fluctuations and volatility and changes in market volumes.
In connection with our market-making activities, we are engaged in various securities trading and lending activities and assume positions in stocks, rights, options, ETFs, U.S. Government securities, corporate securities, futures and foreign currencies, for which we are exposed to credit risk associated with the nonperformance of counterparties in fulfilling their contractual obligations pursuant to these securities transactions. We are also exposed to market risk associated with the sale of securities not yet purchased, which can be directly impacted by volatile trading on the NYSE, the NYSE/Amex and other exchanges. Additionally, in the event of nonperformance and unfavorable market price movements, we may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at a loss.
Our traders purchase and sell futures, options, the stocks underlying certain ETF and options positions, U.S. Government securities and foreign currencies in an attempt to hedge market and foreign currency risk. Certain members of management, including our chief risk officer, who oversee our options, futures and ETFs market-making activities, are responsible for monitoring these risks. These managers utilize proprietary and third-party software applications, as well as information received directly from the traders, to monitor market-making positions on a real-time basis. By monitoring actual and theoretical profit and loss, volatility and other standard risk measures, these individuals seek to insure that our traders operate within the parameters set by management. Senior management of LSP receives automated real-time alerts throughout each trading day on whether any position has exceeded the size and/or risk guidelines set by them. In addition, the chief risk officer has formulated other real-time reports that he views during the trading day and escalates them at times to management of LSP, called scenario reports, which are provided by industry, geography and type of security, indicating the then-current value of our positions based on delta (market risk), vega (volatility risk) and theta (time decay risk). Any items that are escalated to management provide them the ability to make decisions on what to do with particular positions. These reports also monitor the actual profit and loss of listed securities on a real-time basis. Furthermore, our aggregate risk in connection with our options, futures and ETFs trading is under constant evaluation by our traders, and all significant trading strategies and positions are closely monitored. When an unusual or large position, or when a material move in the profit and loss of our portfolio based on the dollar value of our positions, is observed by the chief risk officer, he communicates the issue to senior management, who communicate with the trader to understand the strategy and risk management behind the trade and, if necessary, determine avenues to mitigate our risk exposure. Most of our options, ETFs and related hedging transactions are executed in securities that are listed or quoted on national and foreign exchanges. These trades clear through the Options Clearing Corporation, the National Securities Clearing Corporation or the applicable exchange clearing organization, which reduces potential credit risk.
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We enter into various transactions involving derivatives and off balance sheet financial instruments in connection with our market-making business. These financial instruments include forwards and foreign exchange contracts, foreign exchange options, exchange-traded and over-the-counter options, and swaps, most of which we use to hedge the risk of our market-making portfolio. These trading activities exposes us to certain risks, such as price and interest rate fluctuations, volatility risk, credit risk, foreign currency movements and changes in the liquidity of markets, which could cause the perceived benefits of these hedging transactions not to be realized. The risk management processes described above include these securities in monitoring the risks involved in our trading activities, and the risks can change quickly depending on market activity and the overall business and economic environment, both domestically and abroad.
The following chart illustrates how specified movements in the underlying securities prices of the options, ETFs and related hedging positions in our market-making portfolios would have impacted profits and losses:
Profit or (Loss) if the underlying securities move: | ||||||||||||||||||||
(000s omitted) | -15.0% | -5.0% | 0% | +5.0% | +15.0% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio as of: |
||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2009 |
$ | (12,721 | ) | $ | (1,861 | ) | $ | | $ | (574 | ) | $ | (11,567 | ) | ||||||
March 31, 2010 |
$ | (43,373 | ) | $ | (7,585 | ) | $ | | $ | (4,039 | ) | $ | 12,336 | |||||||
June 30, 2010 |
$ | 1,042 | $ | (1,214 | ) | $ | | $ | 2,742 | $ | 12,092 | |||||||||
September 30, 2010 |
$ | 1,902 | $ | (869 | ) | $ | 2,397 | $ | 11,232 |
The modeling of the risk characteristics of our trading positions involves a number of assumptions and approximations. While management believes that these assumptions and approximations are reasonable, there is no standard methodology for estimating this risk, and different methodologies would produce materially different estimates. The zero percent change column represents the profit or loss our options and ETFs market-making operations would experience on a daily basis if the relevant market remained unchanged.
Foreign Currency Risk & Interest Rate Risk
In connection with the trading of U.S.-registered shares of foreign issuers in connection with our market-making operations, we are exposed to varying degrees of foreign currency risk. The pricing of these securities is based on the value of the ordinary securities as denominated in their local currencies. Thus, a change in a foreign currency exchange rate relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a change in the value of U.S.-registered shares in which we are a market-maker.
Our ETF market-makers trade international ETFs that are denominated and settled in U.S. dollars, but the pricing of these ETFs is also affected by changes in the relevant foreign currency rates. We, therefore, hold various foreign currencies in order to lessen the risks posed by changing foreign currency exchange rates. In addition, LSP trades derivatives denominated in foreign currencies, which creates exposure to foreign currency risk.
The following chart illustrates how the specified movements in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar to which our market-making activities are exposed would have impacted our profits and losses:
Profit or (Loss) if the foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar move: |
||||||||||||||||
(000s omitted) | -15.0% | -5.0% | +5.0% | +15.0% | ||||||||||||
Portfolio as of: |
||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2009 |
$ | 1,328 | $ | 443 | $ | (443 | ) | $ | (1,328 | ) | ||||||
March 31, 2010 |
$ | 13,953 | $ | 4,651 | $ | (4,651 | ) | $ | (13,953 | ) | ||||||
June 30, 2010 |
$ | (1,334 | ) | $ | (445 | ) | $ | 445 | $ | 1,334 | ||||||
September 30, 2010 |
$ | 5,687 | $ | 1,896 | $ | (1,896 | ) | $ | (5,687 | ) |
The information in the above table is based on certain assumptions and it does not fully represent the profit and loss exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, security prices, volatility, interest rates and other related factors.
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As market makers in options and ETFs, we generally maintain large positions. Historically, we have been operating in a low and moderate interest rate market. As such, we may be sensitive to interest rate increases or decreases and/or widening credit spreads, which may create a less favorable operating environment for this line of business.
Foreign Currency Principal Trading Risk
We engage in principal trading of foreign currency products outside of our market-making operations. These foreign currency products include foreign exchange contracts and foreign exchange options, exchange traded and over-the-counter foreign exchange options and index ETFs and, at times, swaps. Our foreign currency principal trading activities expose us to certain risks, such as price and interest rate fluctuations, volatility risk, credit risk, foreign currency movements, political/geographical news and developments and changes in the liquidity of markets.
Due to the fact that a large portion of the foreign currency markets are traded over the counter, it is more difficult to obtain real-time risk reports in connection with this business. In addition, the risk-monitoring process of our foreign currency business is more dependent on manual input of our positions and end-of-day pricing reports. We utilize a third party report throughout the trading day to monitor what our positions are, and the report is populated manually by the foreign currency trading group to ensure our position is accurately reflected. However, price fluctuations are not always captured real-time since the reporting agencies, such as Bloomberg and Reuters, only publish pricing updates after the markets close or at the end of each business day rather than throughout the day. Although we believe we have more than adequate risk reporting for this business on the next trading day, the intra-day risk management may not always accurately reflect the risk involved with our foreign currency trading operations. These reports provide analysis of our portfolio at the end of the day based on changes that may occur in the market. We are continually looking for ways to monitor these risks better during the trading day, but until real-time price reporting for foreign currency products improves in the market place, we are more reliant throughout the trading day on the views of and communication with, our traders. Our chief risk officer communicates with these traders before and during each business day to monitor our risks and ensure our positions are accurately reflected to and understood by management.
Concentration Risk
We are subject to concentration risk by holding large positions or committing to hold large positions in certain types of securities. As of September 30, 2010, our largest unhedged proprietary position is our NYX shares. This concentration does not arise in the normal course of business. In the fourth quarter of 2009 and the first and third quarter of 2010, we sold approximately 2.1 million of our 3.1 million previously-owned NYX shares, leaving us with a position of approximately 1.0 million NYX shares.
Institutional Brokerage Risk
Our Institutional Brokerage segment, through the normal course of business, enters into various securities transactions acting in an agency or principal basis. The execution of these transactions can result in unrecorded market risk and concentration of credit risk. Our Institutional Brokerage activities involve execution and financing of various customer securities transactions on a cash or margin basis. These activities may expose us to risk in the event the customer or other broker is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations and we have to purchase or sell securities at a loss. For margin transactions, we may be exposed to significant market risk in the event margin requirements are not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur in their accounts.
Institutional Brokerage Risk Management Process
Our institutional brokerage activities require that we execute transactions in accordance with customer instructions and accurately record and process the resulting transactions. Any failure, delay or error in executing,
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recording and processing transactions, whether due to human error or failure of our information or communication systems, could cause substantial losses for brokers, customers and/or us and could subject us to claims for losses. We also execute orders as principal in our role as market maker and, at times, to facilitate customer transactions. To monitor the risk in these positions, we use an internally developed desk-top system that is constantly running on the desktop screens of our institutional brokerage firms senior management, chief compliance officer and trading systems manager. Upon escalation to other members of senior management, research and diligence is performed as to the positions and risk and determinations are made as to how to limit the exposure. Once a position is established, our traders may attempt to manage the risk associated with the position by use of ETF strategies, futures on the S&P 500, or with an industry/sector comparable security or other method approved by senior management. Despite these risk management efforts, these facilitation positions may result in trading losses that could adversely affect our commission revenues.
Our customer margin transactions are cleared through a major Wall Street firm. These customer margin transactions are financed by the clearing firm based on our instructions. We are liable to the clearing firm for any losses incurred by the clearing firm in connection with our customers margin transactions.
Our clearing activities, through our outsourced clearing firm, may expose us to off-balance sheet risk in the event customers or brokers are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations and it was necessary to purchase or sell securities at a loss. For margin transactions, we may have been exposed to off-balance sheet risk in the event margin requirements were not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may have incurred in their accounts.
The amount of risk related to our execution and clearance activities are linked to the size of the transaction, market volatility and the creditworthiness of customers and brokers. Our largest transactions involved those for institutional customers.
We systematically monitor our open transaction risk in connection with our institutional brokerage activities, starting when the transaction occurs and continuing until the designated settlement date. Transactions that remain unsettled after settlement date are scrutinized and necessary action to reduce risk is taken. Credit risk that could result from contra brokers defaulting is minimized since much of the settlement risk for transactions with brokers is essentially transferred to the National Stock Clearing Corporation. The credit risk associated with institutional customers is minimized since these customers have been qualified by the Depository Trust Company (DTC) or the DTC participants or have met the prime broker qualification standards at other brokerage firms. Before conducting business with a prospective customer, senior management that oversees our institutional brokerage operations, in conjunction with the related compliance department, reviews the prospective customers experience in the securities industry, financial condition and personal background, including a background check with a risk reporting agency, although some of this responsibility now is undertaken by our outsourced clearing firm.
The following chart illustrates how specified movements in the underlying securities prices in our institutional brokerage portfolios would have impacted profits and losses:
Profit or (Loss) if the underlying securities move: | ||||||||||||||||||||
(000s omitted) | -15.0% | -5.0% | 0% | +5.0% | +15.0% | |||||||||||||||
Portfolio as of: |
||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2009 |
$ | (113 | ) | $ | (37 | ) | $ | | $ | 37 | $ | 113 | ||||||||
March 31, 2010 |
$ | (501 | ) | $ | (167 | ) | $ | | $ | 167 | $ | 501 | ||||||||
June 30, 2010 |
$ | (226 | ) | $ | (75 | ) | $ | | $ | 75 | $ | 226 | ||||||||
September 30, 2010 |
$ | (563 | ) | $ | (188 | ) | $ | | $ | 188 | $ | 563 |
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Our Cash Equities DMM Risk Management Process (through January 22, 2010)
Our cash equities activities on the NYSE, prior to the sale of our DMM operations to Barclays on January 22, 2010, exposed our capital to significant risks. Our central role in the HYBRID market helped us to manage these risks by incorporating up-to-date market information in the management of our inventory, subject to our DMM obligations. We had developed a risk management process at our LaBranche & Co. LLC subsidiary that was designed to balance our ability to profit from our DMM activities with our exposure to potential losses and compliance risk. This risk management process included participation by our corporate compliance committee, executive operating committee, floor management committee, post managers, floor captains, DMMs and chief risk officer.
We had developed a risk management process, which was intended to balance our ability to profit from our equity DMM activities with our exposure to potential losses. We had invested substantial capital, along with the NYSE, in real-time, on-line systems which gave our management, including our chief risk officer, access to specific trading information during the trading day, including our aggregate long and short positions and our capital and profit-and-loss information on an aggregate or per issue basis. Subject to the DMMs obligation to maintain a fair and orderly market and to applicable regulatory requirements, we constantly sought to manage our trading positions relative to existing market conditions.
Prior to the sale of our DMM business, our equity DMM trading activities were subject to a number of risks, including risks of price fluctuations, rapid changes in the liquidity of markets and foreign exchange risk related to American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). In any period, we may have incurred trading losses or gains in our DMM stocks for a variety of reasons, including price fluctuations of our DMM stocks and fulfillment of our DMM obligations. Quantification of such losses or gains was not meaningful as standard market studies do not capture our DMM obligations. From time to time, we may have had large position concentrations in securities of a single issuer or issuers engaged in a specific industry. In general, because our inventory of securities was marked-to-market on a daily basis, any significant price movement in these securities could result in an immediate reduction of our revenues and operating profits.
Operational and Technology Risk
Operational risk relates to the risk of loss from external events, and from failures in internal processes or information systems. In each of our business segments, we rely heavily on our information systems in managing our risk. Accordingly, working in conjunction with the exchanges on which we transact our trading activities, we have made significant investments in our trade processing and execution systems. Management constantly monitors our positions and transactions in order to mitigate our risks and identify troublesome trends should they occur. The substantial capital we had invested in on-line systems and automated exception reports affords management instant access to specific trading information at any time during the trading day, including:
| our aggregate long and short positions; |
| the various positions of each of our trading professionals; |
| our overall position in a particular stock; and |
| capital and profit-and-loss information on an aggregate, per market maker or per issue basis. |
Our information systems send and receive data through dedicated data feeds. Our options and ETFs and market-making operations utilize internally-developed and third-party software applications to monitor our positions and profits and losses on a real-time basis. With respect to certain over-the-counter foreign currency and other securities transactions, we rely on our personnel to manually input positional and other trading information, such as foreign currency positions, dividend and corporate action information in order to accurately reflect our total portfolio. In the event these manual processes do not work as designed or if human error causes missed positions or inaccurate input, the automated risk systems could have errors, as well. We employ additional procedures, such as management and trader review of the reports, to determine whether any manual inputs have been missed or erroneously input so that we have comfort that these positions are accurately reflected in our reports. The pricing of certain less-liquid
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foreign currency securities (such as foreign currency options and over-the-counter trades) are often not published by market data providers until after the trading day closes and there can be some stale prices that need to be updated at the end of the trading day. Therefore, some of our foreign currency portfolio risk management cannot be done until late in the evening or the next trading day. We monitor these positions during the trading day by relying on the experience of our traders, risk personnel and other members of LSPs management, based on the knowledge of these markets and their understanding of the trading in these products.
We internally develop and use significant proprietary trading technologies in our market-making segment in order to enhance our principal trading capabilities and manage risk in the increasingly evolving electronic marketplace. Our trading technologies are developed and maintained by our information technology personnel and their development process is subject to policies and procedures designed to mitigate the risk of technology design flaws and programming errors. These policies and procedures include, but are not limited to, policies concerning the techniques and manner by which new or enhanced trading technologies are implemented, segregation of duties among the developers, the quality assurance personnel and the individual who enters new trading technologies into production and, when possible, independent review of these technologies and procedures. Although these, and other, policies and procedures are designed to mitigate the risk of design, coding or other flaws or errors in our current and future trading technologies, we cannot assure you that these policies and procedures will successfully be followed or will timely and effectively detect such flaws or errors.
We have developed and implemented a business continuity plan, which includes a comprehensive disaster recovery plan. We have a back-up disaster recovery center in New York, outside of Manhattan, and Chicago as well as redundant trading facilities in Connecticut, London and Hong Kong.
Legal and Regulatory Risk
Substantial legal liability or a significant regulatory action against us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or cause significant harm to our reputation, which in turn could negatively affect our business prospects.
Our registered broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to certain regulatory requirements intended to insure their general financial soundness and liquidity. These broker-dealers are subject to SEC Rules 15c3-1, 15c3-3 and other requirements adopted and administered by the SEC and the NYSE.
The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 requires U.S. financial institutions, including banks, broker-dealers, futures commission merchants and investment companies, to implement policies, procedures and controls which are reasonably designed to detect and report instances of money laundering and the financing of terrorism. We actively monitor and update our anti-money laundering practices.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2010 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |
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There have been no material new developments in our legal proceedings since the March 16, 2010 filing of our 2009 Annual Report on form 10-K (the 2009 10-K), the May 10, 2010 filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 (the First Quarter 10-Q) and the August 9, 2010 filing of our Quarterly Report on form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 (the Second Quarter 10-Q).
We believe that the claims asserted against us and our operating subsidiaries in the pending proceedings described in the 2009 Form 10-K, the First Quarter 10-Q and the Second Quarter 10-Q are without merit, and we deny all allegations of wrongdoing. There can be no assurance, however, as to the outcome or timing of the resolution of these proceedings. We therefore are unable to estimate the amount or potential range of any loss that may arise out of these proceedings. The range of possible resolutions could include determinations and judgments against us or settlements that could require substantial payments by us that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition to the proceedings described in the 2009 Form 10-K, the First Quarter 10-Q and the Second Quarter 10-Q, we and our operating subsidiaries have been the target, from time to time, of various claims, lawsuits and regulatory inquiries in the ordinary course of our and their respective businesses. While the ultimate outcome of those claims and lawsuits which currently are pending cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe, based on our understanding of the facts of these proceedings, that their ultimate resolution will not, in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in the 2009 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes in the Risk Factors disclosed in our 2009 Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. |
On January 22, 2010, the date we completed the sale of our DMM business, our Board of Directors authorized the increase of the share repurchase program by $76.6 million to a total of $141.6 million. This increase left us with $100 million of common stock to be repurchased under our board-authorized share repurchase program.
On January 29, 2010, we commenced a tender offer to purchase up to 15,000,000 shares of our outstanding common stock, at a price of $4.60 per share. On March 1, 2010, the tender offer expired and we repurchased an aggregate of 8,539,667 shares of common stock at a price of $4.60 per share, for a total tender price of $39.3 million, constituting the purchase of an aggregate of 16.6% of our shares. George M.L. LaBranche, IV, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, tendered 500,000 shares of the 3,701,094 shares he beneficially owned (representing 0.9% of the outstanding shares) in the tender offer. Other than Mr. LaBranche, none of our directors and executive officers tendered any of their shares in the tender offer
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We repurchased an aggregate of 1.2 shares in open-market transactions under our repurchase program during the third quarter of 2010, at a total cost of approximately $4.6 million, as set forth by month and average price paid in the table below.
Purchase Period |
Total Number of Shares Purchased |
Average Price Paid per Share (1) |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
||||||||||||
July 1 July 31, 2010 |
446,890 | $ | 3.75 | 446,890 | (1 | ) | ||||||||||
August 1 August 31, 2010 |
35,339 | 3.79 | 35,339 | (1 | ) | |||||||||||
September 1 September 30, 2010 |
712,037 | 3.89 | 712,037 | (1 | ) | |||||||||||
Total |
1,194,266 | $ | 3.84 | 1,194,266 | (1 | ) | ||||||||||
(1) | Since board approval of repurchases is based on dollar amount, we cannot estimate the number of shares yet to be purchased. |
Following these repurchases, as well our previous quarters repurchases of our shares under the repurchase plan, we have repurchased approximately $89.0 million of our common stock under the repurchase plan through September 30, 2010.
The repurchase of the 8,539,667 shares in the tender offer, combined with the 12,797,302 shares repurchased by us pursuant to Board-authorized purchases over the past 24 months, have resulted in our repurchasing an aggregate of 21,336,969 shares of our common stock under board-authorized repurchase plans. These repurchases constitute an aggregate of 34.1% of our outstanding shares of common stock to date under our board-authorized repurchase programs.
Following these repurchases approximately $52.6 million of our common stock remained authorized for purchase under our current repurchase plan as of September 30, 2010. Additional repurchases may be made in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, in a tender offer, Dutch auction or otherwise, in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws. The timing and amounts of any purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors, including price and regulatory requirements.
We have funded, and will continue to fund, our share repurchases through a combination of cash from operations, and excess cash at our holding company, dependent upon market conditions.
Item 5. | Other Information. |
We have included in this Form 10-Q filing, and from time to time our management may make, statements which may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our quarterly and annual operating results are affected by a wide variety of factors that could materially and adversely affect actual results, including a decrease in trading volume on the exchanges on which we operate, changes in volatility in the equity and others securities markets and changes in the value of our securities positions. As a result of these and other factors, we may experience material fluctuations in future operating results on a quarterly or annual basis, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and stock price. An investment in us involves various risks, including those mentioned above and those that are detailed from time to time in our SEC filings.
Certain statements contained in this report, including without limitation, statements containing the words believe, intend, expect, anticipate and words of similar import, also may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and since such statements involve risks and uncertainties, our actual results and performance and the performance of the specialist and market-making industry as a whole, may turn out to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We also disclaim any obligation to update our view of any such risks or uncertainties or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to the forward-looking statements made in this report.
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Item 6. | Exhibits. |
31.1 | Certification of George M.L. LaBranche, IV, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2 | Certification of Jeffrey A. McCutcheon, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.1 | Certification of George M.L. LaBranche, IV, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regarding the information contained in LaBranche & Co Inc.s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010. | |
32.2 | Certification of Jeffrey A. McCutcheon, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regarding the information contained in LaBranche & Co Inc.s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
November 5, 2010 | LABRANCHE & CO INC. | |||||
By: | /s/ Jeffrey A. McCutcheon | |||||
Name: | Jeffrey A. McCutcheon | |||||
Title: | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
31.1 | Certification of George M.L. LaBranche, IV, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2 | Certification of Jeffrey A. McCutcheon, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.1 | Certification of George M.L. LaBranche, IV, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regarding the information contained in LaBranche & Co Inc.s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010. | |
32.2 | Certification of Jeffrey A. McCutcheon, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regarding the information contained in LaBranche & Co Inc.s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010. |
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