FreeSeas Inc.
As
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2008
Registration Statement No. 333-_____
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM F-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
FREESEAS INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Republic of the
Marshall Islands
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4412
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Not Applicable |
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(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation)
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Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
89 Akti Miaouli & 4 Mavrokordatou Street, 18538, Piraeus, Greece
011-30-210-452-8770
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrants principal executive offices)
Broad and Cassel
Attention: A. Jeffry Robinson, P.A.
2 S. Biscayne Boulevard,
21st
Floor
Miami, Florida 33131
Telephone: (305) 373-9400
Facsimile: (305) 995-6402
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrants principal executive offices)
Copies to:
A. Jeffry Robinson, P.A.
2 S. Biscayne Boulevard,
21st
Floor
Miami, Florida 33131
Telephone: (305) 373-9400
Facsimile: (305) 995-6402
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after
this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: o
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities
offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: x
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule
462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering: o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities
Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the
earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: o
If this form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a
post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.: o
If this form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to
General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of
securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box: o
(cover continued on the following page)
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEES
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Proposed |
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Proposed |
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Amount |
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Maximum |
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Maximum |
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Amount of |
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Title of Each Class of |
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to be |
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Offering Price Per |
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Aggregate |
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Registration |
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Securities to be Registered(1) |
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Registered(2) |
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Share(3) |
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Offering Price |
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Fee |
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Primary Offering: |
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Common Stock, par value US$0.001 per share(4) |
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Preferred Stock, par value US$0.001 per share |
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Debt Securities(5) |
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Warrants |
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Rights |
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Purchase Contracts |
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Units |
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Total Primary Offering |
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$ |
200,000,000.00 |
(4) |
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$ |
7,860.00 |
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Secondary Offering: |
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Common Stock, par value US$0.001 per share |
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4,830,193 |
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$ |
5.435 |
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$ |
26,252,098.96 |
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$ |
1,031.74 |
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Total |
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$ |
226,252,098.06 |
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$ |
8,891.74 |
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(1) |
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These offered securities may be sold separately, together or as units with other offered
securities. |
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Such indeterminate number or amount of Registrants common stock, preferred stock, debt
securities, warrants, rights, purchase contracts or units as may, from time to time, be issued
at indeterminate prices, in U.S. dollars or the equivalent thereof denominated in foreign
currencies or units of two or more foreign currencies or composite currencies (such as
European Currency Units). In no event will the aggregate maximum offering price of all
securities issued pursuant to this registration statement exceed $200,000,000.00, or if any
debt securities are issued with original issue discount, such greater amount as will result in
an aggregate offering price of $200,000,000. In addition, up to 4,830,193 shares of our common
stock may be sold from time to time pursuant to this registration statement by the selling
shareholders named herein. |
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(3) |
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Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule
457 under the Securities Act. |
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(4) |
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Pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, which permits the registration fee
to be calculated on the basis of the maximum offering price of all the securities listed, the
table does not specify by each class information as to the amount to be registered, proposed
maximum offering price per unit or proposed maximum aggregate offering price. The aggregate
public offering price of securities sold will not exceed $200,000,000.00 (see Note 2 above).
Unless otherwise indicated in an amendment to this filing, separate consideration will be
received for common stock or debt securities that are issued upon conversion or exchange of
debt securities or preferred stock registered hereunder. Subject to Note 2, includes such determinate amount of debt securities and common stock as
may be issued upon conversion or exchange of any other securities registered hereunder that
provide for conversion or exchange into debt securities or common stock. |
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Subject to Note 2, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities (which may be
senior or subordinated). |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be
necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in
accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement
shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to
said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these
securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer
to buy these securities in any state or other jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
SUBJECT
TO COMPLETION, DATED MARCH 27, 2008
PROSPECTUS
FREESEAS INC.
Through this prospectus, we may periodically offer:
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our common stock, |
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(2) |
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our preferred stock, |
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(3) |
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our debt securities, |
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(4) |
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our warrants, |
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(5) |
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our rights, |
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(6) |
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our purchase contracts, and |
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(7) |
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our units. |
In addition, the selling shareholders named in the section Selling Shareholders
may sell in one or more offerings pursuant to this registration statement up to 4,830,193 shares of
our common stock that were previously acquired by them in private transactions. We will not receive
any of the proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling shareholders.
The prices and other terms of the securities that we will offer will be determined at the time
of their offering and will be described in a supplement to this prospectus.
Our common stock is currently listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol FREE.
The securities issued under this prospectus may be offered directly or through underwriters,
agents or dealers. The names of any underwriters, agents or dealers will be included in a
supplement to this prospectus.
An investment in these securities involves risks. See the section entitled Risk Factors on
page 9.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS
APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS
PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The date of this prospectus is ____________________, 2008
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus and any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with
different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you
should not rely on it. We are offering securities and soliciting offers to buy securities only in
jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. You should assume that the information
appearing in this prospectus and information incorporated by reference into this prospectus is
accurate only as of the date of the documents containing the information.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking
statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our operations or our
performance. Words such as expects, intends, plans, believes, anticipates, estimates,
and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify the forward-looking
statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements
are reasonable, no assurance can be given that such expectations will prove to have been correct.
These statements involve known and unknown risks and are based upon a number of assumptions and
estimates which are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies, many of
which are beyond our control. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied
by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to,
statements regarding:
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our future operating or financial results; |
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future, pending or recent acquisitions, business strategy, areas of
possible expansion, and expected capital spending or operating expenses; |
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drybulk shipping industry trends, including charter rates and factors
affecting vessel supply and demand; |
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our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to obtain
additional financing in the future to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions
and other general corporate activities; |
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our ability to pay dividends in the future; |
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availability of crew, number of off-hire days, dry-docking requirements
and insurance costs; |
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our expectations about the availability of vessels to purchase or the
useful lives of our vessels; |
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our ability to leverage to our advantage our managers relationships
and reputation in the drybulk shipping industry; |
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changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns; |
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changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by
regulatory authorities; |
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potential liability from future litigation and incidents involving our vessels; |
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global and regional political conditions; |
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acts of terrorism and other hostilities; and |
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other factors discussed in the section titled Risk Factors. |
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements
contained in this prospectus, or the documents to which we refer you in this prospectus, to reflect
any change in our expectations with respect to such statements or any change in events, conditions
or circumstances on which any statement is based.
1
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a shelf registration process, relating to
the common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, purchase contracts, and units
described in this prospectus. Certain selling shareholders referred to in this prospectus and
identified in supplements to this prospectus may also offer and sell shares of our common stock
under this prospectus. Under this shelf process, we may sell the securities described in this
prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total initial offering price of $200,000,000.00. The
selling shareholders may sell up to 4,830,193 shares of common stock in one or more offerings. We
and each of our executive officers and directors and certain shareholders executed lock-up
agreements with respect to our common stock and securities convertible into, or exercisable for,
our common stock in connection with the public offering we completed in October 2007. Neither we
nor our executive officers, directors or shareholders who executed such lock-up agreements will
sell or offer to sell any common stock or securities convertible into, or exersizable for, our
common stock under this prospectus or any prospectus supplement before the expiration of these
lock-up agreements on April 22, 2008.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer and
those offered by our selling shareholders. This prospectus does not contain all of the information
set forth in the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For
additional information regarding us and the offered securities, please refer to the registration
statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain
specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add,
update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and
any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading Where
You Can Find More Information and Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference.
Unless the context otherwise requires, the term(s) FreeSeas, Company, we, us and our
refer to FreeSeas Inc. and our subsidiaries.
Unless otherwise indicated, all references to $ and dollars in this prospectus are to U.S.
dollars and financial information presented in this prospectus that is derived from financial
statements incorporated by reference is prepared in accordance with the U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles.
We use the term deadweight tons, or dwt, in describing the capacity of our drybulk
carriers. Dwt, expressed in metric tons, each of which is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms, refers to
the maximum weight of cargo and supplies that a vessel can carry. For the definition of certain
shipping terms used in this prospectus, see the Glossary of Shipping Terms on page 52 of this
prospectus. Drybulk carriers are categorized as Handysize, Handymax, Panamax and Capesize. The
carrying capacity of a Handysize drybulk carrier ranges from 10,000 to 39,999 dwt and that of a
Handymax drybulk carrier ranges from 40,000 to 59,999 dwt. By comparison, the carrying capacity of
a Panamax drybulk carrier ranges from 60,000 to 79,999 dwt and the carrying capacity of a Capesize
drybulk carrier is 80,000 dwt and above.
2
ABOUT OUR COMPANY
Our Company
We are an international drybulk shipping company incorporated on April 23, 2004 under the
laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands with headquarters in Piraeus, Greece. We are currently
focusing on the Handysize and Handymax sectors, which we believe will enable us to transport a
wider variety of cargoes and pursue a greater number of chartering opportunities than if we owned
larger vessels. We may, however, acquire larger drybulk vessels if market conditions warrant.
Our existing fleet consists of four Handysize vessels and one Handymax vessel that carry a
variety of drybulk commodities, including coal, grains, and iron ore which are referred to as
major bulks, as well as bauxite, phosphate, fertilizers, steel products, sugar and rice, or
minor bulks. In order to expand and renew our fleet, on May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of
agreement to purchase from unaffiliated parties the M/V Free Hero, a 1995-built secondhand
Handysize vessel that was delivered on July 3, 2007, and the M/V Free Jupiter, a 2002-built
secondhand Handymax vessel that was delivered on September 5, 2007, for a total purchase price of
$72.25 million. On August 20, 2007, we entered into another memorandum of agreement to purchase
from an unaffiliated third party the M/V Free Goddess, a 1995-built secondhand Handysize vessel
that was delivered on October 30, 2007 for a total purchase price of $25.20 million. On January 22,
2008, we entered into memoranda of agreement to purchase from affiliated parties the M/V Free
Impala, a 1997-built secondhand Handysize vessel which we expect will be delivered at the end of
March 2008, and the M/V Free Knight, a 1998-built secondhand Handysize vessel which was delivered
on March 19, 2008, for a total purchase price of $76.75 million. On March 10, 2008, we entered into
a memorandum of agreement to purchase from an unaffiliated party the M/V Free Lady, a 2003-built
secondhand Handymax vessel for a total purchase price of $65.2 million. We expect this vessel to
be delivered between June and July 2008. We refer to the M/V Free Lady and the M/V Free Impala
together with our existing vessels, the M/V Free Destiny, the M/V Free Envoy, the M/V Free Hero,
the M/V Free Jupiter, the M/V Free Goddess and the M/V Free Knight as our fleet.
As a result of the acquisition of the M/V Free Hero, the M/V Free Jupiter and the M/V Free
Goddess in 2007, the aggregate dwt of our fleet was approximately 145,704 dwt, the book value of
our fleet is approximately $108.0 million, and the average age of our fleet is approximately 16.5
years. Upon completion of the acquisition of the M/V Free Impala, the M/V Free Knight and the M/F
Free Lady, the aggregate dwt of our fleet will be approximately 244,172 dwt, the book value of our
fleet will be approximately $248.0 million and the average age of our fleet will be approximately
13.6 years.
We have contracted the management of our fleet to Free Bulkers, S.A., or Free Bulkers, a
company owned by Ion G. Varouxakis, our chairman, chief executive officer and president. Free
Bulkers provides technical management of our fleet, accounting services and office space and has
subcontracted the charter and post-charter management of our fleet to Safbulk Pty Ltd., or Safbulk,
a company controlled by the Restis family. We believe that Safbulk has achieved a strong reputation
in the international shipping industry for efficiency and reliability that should create new
employment opportunities for us with a variety of well known charterers. While Safbulk is
responsible for finding and arranging charters for our vessels, the final decision to charter our
vessels remains with us.
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Our Fleet
The following table details the vessels in our fleet:
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Vessel |
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Year |
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Vessel |
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Purchase |
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Delivery |
Name |
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Dwt |
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Built |
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Type |
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Employment |
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Price |
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Date |
Free Destiny
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25,240 |
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1982 |
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Handysize
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75-day time charter through mid-May 2008 at $27,500 per
day
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$7.60 million
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August 3, 2004 |
Free Envoy
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26,318 |
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1984 |
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Handysize
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One-year time
charter through
April 2008 at
$17,000 per day
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$9.50 million
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September 20, 2004 |
Free Hero
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24,318 |
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1995 |
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Handysize
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Balance of time
charter through
December
2008/February 2009
at $14,500 per day
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$25.25 million
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July 3, 2007 |
Free Jupiter
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47,777 |
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2002 |
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Handymax
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Three-year time
charter through
February 2011 at
$32,000 per day for
first year, $28,000
per day for second
year, and $24,000
per day for third
year
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$47.00 million
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September 5, 2007 |
Free Goddess
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22,051 |
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1995 |
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Handysize
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Two-year time
charter through
November 2009 at
$19,250 per day
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$25.20 million
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October 30, 2007 |
Free Knight
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24,111 |
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1998 |
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Handysize
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One-year time charter at $31,500
per day commencing at delivery
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$39.25 million
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March 19, 2008 |
Acquisitions pending: |
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Free Impala
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24,111 |
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1997 |
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Handysize
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One-year time charter at $31,500
per day commencing at delivery
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$37.50 million
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March 2008 |
Free Lady
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50,246 |
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2003 |
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Handymax
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No employment currently in place
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$62.5 million
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June - July 2008 |
Upon completion of the acquisition of the M/V Free Impala, the M/V Free Knight and
the M/V Free Lady, the aggregate dwt of our fleet will be approximately 244,172 dwt, the book value
of our fleet will be approximately $248.0 million and the average age of our fleet will be
approximately 13.6 years.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe that we possess the following competitive strengths:
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Experienced Management Team. Our management team has significant experience in
commercial, technical, operational and financial areas of our business and has
developed relationships with leading charterers, ship brokers and financial
institutions. Since 1997, Ion G. Varouxakis, our chairman, chief executive
officer and president has served in various management roles for shipping
companies in the drybulk sector. Dimitris Papadopoulos, who became our chief
financial officer in May 2007, served from 1975 to 1991 as financial and
administrative vice president in charge of, among other things, the shipping
interests of the owners of Archirodon Group, Inc. |
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Affiliation with Leading Shipping Group. In January 2007, FS Holdings Limited,
an entity controlled by the Restis family, acquired 2,108,782 shares of our
common stock. As February 29, 2008, F.S. Holdings Limited owned 2,808,782 shares
of our common stock. The Restis family has been engaged in the international
shipping industry for more than 40 years and their interests include ownership
and operation of more than 60 vessels in several segments of the shipping
industry, as well as cargo and |
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chartering interests. The Restis family group is regarded as one of the largest independent
ship-owning and management groups in the shipping industry. Our management believes that
affiliation with and access to the resources of companies controlled by the Restis family
commercially enhances the operations of our fleet, our ability to obtain employment for our
vessels and our ability to obtain more favorable financing. |
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Strong Customer Relationships. Through Free Bulkers, our ship management company, and
Safbulk, a Restis family controlled management company, we have established customer
relationships with leading charterers around the world, such as major international
industrial companies, commodity producers and traders and a number of chartering brokerage
houses. Free Bulkers has subcontracted the charter and post-charter management of our fleet
to Safbulk. We believe that the established customer base and the reputation of our fleet
managers will enable us to secure favorable employment for our vessels with well known
charterers. |
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Stable Cash Flow from Well-Established and Reputable Charterers. A majority of the
vessels in our fleet will be initially employed on time charters to well-established and
reputable charterers. We believe these time charters will provide us with steady cash flow
and high vessel utilization rates while limiting our exposure to freight rate volatility. |
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Efficient Operations. Through Free Bulkers, we believe that we have established a
strong track record in the technical management of drybulk carriers, which has enabled us
to maintain cost-efficient operations. We actively monitor and control vessel operating
expenses while maintaining the high quality of our fleet through regular inspections,
proactive maintenance programs, high standards of operations, and retaining and training
qualified crew members. |
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Our Business Strategy |
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The following are highlights of our business strategy: |
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Leveraging our Strategic Relationships. Free Bulkers, Safbulk, the Restis family and
their affiliates have extensive experience and relationships in the ship brokerage and
financial industries as well as directly with industrial charterers and commodity traders.
We plan to use these relationships to identify chartering and acquisition opportunities and
make available to us sources of additional financing, make contacts, and gain market
intelligence. |
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Handysize and Handymax Focus. Our fleet of drybulk carriers will consist of Handysize
and Handymax vessels. Based on the relatively low number of drybulk newbuildings on order in
these categories, we believe there will be continued high demand for such vessels. Handysize
and Handymax vessels are typically shallow-drafted and equipped with onboard cranes. This
makes Handysize and Handymax vessels more versatile and able to access a wider range of
loading and discharging ports than larger ships, which are unable to service many ports due
to their size or the local port infrastructure. Many countries in the Asia Pacific region,
including China, as well as countries in Africa and South America, have shallow ports. We
believe that our vessels, and any Handysize or Handymax vessels that we acquire, will enable
us to transport a wider variety of cargoes and to pursue a greater number of chartering
opportunities than if we owned larger drybulk vessels. Handysize and Handymax vessels have
also historically achieved greater charter rate stability than larger drybulk vessels. |
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Renew and Expand our Fleet. We intend to continue growing our fleet in a disciplined
manner through acquisition of well-maintained, secondhand vessels, preferably up to 15 years
old. We perform technical review and financial analysis of each potential acquisition and
only purchase |
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vessels as market conditions and opportunities warrant. We are focused on purchasing such
vessels, because we believe that secondhand vessels, when operated in a cost-efficient
manner, should provide significant value given the prevailing charter rate environment and
currently provide better returns as compared to newbuildings. Furthermore, as part of our
fleet renewal, we will continue to sell vessels when we believe it is in the best interests
of FreeSeas and our shareholders. |
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Maintain Balanced Time Charter Employment. We intend to strategically deploy a
substantial portion of our fleet under time charter employment and our remaining vessels
under spot charter. We actively pursue time charter coverage to provide steady cash flow to
cover a substantial portion of our fleets fixed costs. We intend to deploy part of our
fleet through spot charters depending on our view of the direction of the markets and other
tactical or strategic considerations. We believe this balanced employment strategy will
provide us with more predictable operating cash flows and sufficient downside protection,
while allowing us to participate in the potential upside of the spot charter market during
periods of rising charter rates. |
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Use of Flexible Financial Strategy. We will use a combination of bank debt, cash flow and
proceeds from equity offerings to fund our vessel acquisitions. We assess the level of debt
we will incur in light of our ability to repay that debt based on the level of cash flow we
expect to generate pursuant to our chartering strategy and our operating cost structure. We
expect that the maintenance of a reasonable ratio of debt to total capitalization will
increase our ability to borrow funds to make additional vessel acquisitions while
maintaining our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. |
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Pay Quarterly Dividends. We intend to distribute a portion of our available cash from
operations as quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders in February, May, August and
November of each year. In February 2008, our Board of Directors declared a $0.175 per share
dividend. We currently expect that this dividend will be followed by a quarterly dividend of
$0.175 per share in each of the following three quarters. See Forward-Looking Statements. |
Our Dividend Policy
We intend to distribute a portion of our available cash from operations as quarterly cash
dividends to our shareholders in February, May, August and November of each year. In February 2008,
our Board of Directors declared a $0.175 per share dividend. We currently expect that this
dividend will be followed by a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per share in each of the following
three quarters. The future declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the discretion of
our board of directors. The timing and amount of dividend payments will be dependent upon our
earnings, financial position, cash requirements and availability, fleet renewal and expansion, and
restrictions in our loan agreements, as well as the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting
the payment of distributions to shareholders and other factors.
We may not have sufficient funds with which to pay dividends at all or at the anticipated
frequency or amount set forth in this prospectus. Alternatively, even if we have sufficient funds
available, our board of directors may determine to devote those funds to internal uses rather than
to the payment of dividends. See Risk Factors for a discussion of certain risks related to our
ability to pay dividends.
Drybulk Shipping Industry Trends
The maritime shipping industry is fundamental to international trade with ocean-going vessels
representing the most efficient and often the only method of transporting large volumes of many
essential drybulk commodities, finished goods as well as crude oil and refined petroleum products
between the continents and across the seas. It is a global industry whose performance is closely
tied to the level of economic activity in the world.
6
Drybulk cargoes are used in many basic industries and in construction, and can be divided into
major bulk commodities and minor bulk commodities. Major bulk commodities include iron ore, coal
and
grains. Minor bulk commodities include a wide variety of commodities, such as forest products, iron
and steel products, fertilizers, agricultural products, non-ferrous ores, minerals and petcoke,
cement, other construction materials and salt. Grains include wheat, coarse grains and soybeans.
According to Maritime Strategies International Ltd., or MSI, since the fourth quarter of 2002,
the drybulk shipping industry has experienced the highest charter rates and vessel values in its
modern history due to the favorable imbalance between the supply of drybulk carriers and demand for
drybulk seaborne transportation. After reaching a peak in mid-2005, however, vessel values
decreased during 2005 and the first half of 2006; since July 2006, the value of secondhand vessels
has risen sharply approaching new historical record high levels by the end of 2007 and early 2008
as ship owners seek to increase the size of their fleets to benefit from the rise in trade.
With respect to drybulk shipping, factors that affect the supply of drybulk carriers and
demand for transportation of drybulk cargo include:
Supply:
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The average delivery lag for a new vessel is about three years, limiting the number of
new drybulk carriers that will enter the market in coming years. As of June 2007,
newbuilding orders had been placed for an aggregate of more than 34% of the current global
drybulk fleet, with deliveries expected during the next three to four years; and |
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Port congestion worldwide as a result of increased shipping activity has increased the
number of days vessels are waiting to load or discharge their cargo, effectively reducing
the number of drybulk carriers that are available for hire at any particular time. |
Demand:
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In general, the effects of the expansion of world trade and increasing global production
and consumption have driven the strong demand for ships; and |
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China has helped drive demand for drybulk carriers as its economy continues to grow at a
remarkable level. This has resulted in growing iron ore imports and steel production. |
We cannot offer assurances as to charter rates or vessel values in any period or that the
industry trends described above will continue following the completion of this offering.
Our Fleet Manager
We contract the technical and commercial management of our vessels to Free Bulkers, a Marshall
Islands corporation owned by Ion G. Varouxakis, our chairman, chief executive officer and
president. Free Bulkers has a separate management contract with each of our ship-owning
subsidiaries and provides a wide range of services at a fixed fee per vessel basis. These services
include vessel operations, maintenance, regulatory compliance, crewing, supervising dry-docking and
repairs, arranging insurance for vessels, vessel supplying, advising on the purchase and sale of
vessels, and performing certain accounting and other administrative services, including financial
reporting and internal controls requirements. Free Bulkers has subcontracted the charter and
post-charter management of our fleet to Safbulk. Safbulk is an entity affiliated with one of our
principal shareholders, FS Holdings Limited, which is controlled by the Restis family. Safbulk has
been chartering bulk carriers, ranging in size from 25,000 to 175,000 dwt, both owned by it (as
many as 20 vessels) and owned by third parties (as many as 70 vessels), since 1965. We believe that
the experience and reputation of Safbulk, and its long-standing
relationships with charterers and charter brokers in all parts of the world should enhance the
commercial operation of our fleet and our ability to obtain employment for our fleet. We believe
that using Free Bulkers and Safbulk to perform these functions should provide us experienced
technical and commercial management for our fleet and enable us to better manage our costs.
7
Our Corporate History
We were incorporated on April 23, 2004 by Ion G. Varouxakis, our chairman, chief executive
officer and president, and two other co-founding shareholders under the name Adventure Holdings
S.A. pursuant to the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to serve as the parent holding
company of our ship-owning entities. On April 27, 2005, we changed our name to FreeSeas Inc.
On December 15, 2005, we completed a merger with Trinity Partners Acquisition Company Inc., a
blank check company formed to serve as a vehicle to complete a business combination with an
operating business. At the time of the merger we owned three drybulk carriers, the M/V Free
Destiny, the M/V Free Envoy and the M/V Free Fighter. Under the terms of the merger, we were the
surviving corporation. Each outstanding share of Trinitys common stock and Class B common stock
was converted into the right to receive an equal number of shares of our common stock, and each
Trinity Class W warrant and Class Z warrant was converted into the right to receive an equal number
of our Class W warrants and Class Z warrants.
Our common stock, Class W warrants and Class Z warrants currently trade on the NASDAQ Global
Market under the trading symbols FREE, FREEW and FREEZ, respectively.
In January 2007, Mr. Varouxakis purchased all of the shares of common stock owned by the two
other co-founding shareholders. He simultaneously sold shares of common stock owned by him to FS
Holdings Limited, an entity controlled by the Restis family, and to certain other investors.
Immediately following these transactions, our board of directors appointed Mr. Varouxakis chairman
of the board and president, the two other co-founding shareholders and one other director resigned
from the board, and two new directors were appointed to fill the vacancies.
Our executive offices are located at 89 Akti Miaouli & 4 Mavrokordatou Street, 185 38,
Piraeus, Greece and our telephone number is 011-30-210-452-8770.
8
RISK FACTORS
Our business faces certain risks. The risks described below may not be the only risks we face.
Additional risks that we do not yet know of or that we currently think are immaterial may also
impair our business. If any of the events or circumstances described as risks below or elsewhere in
this prospectus actually occurs, our business, results of operations or financial condition could
be materially and adversely affected.
Industry-Specific Risk Factors
The cyclical nature of the international shipping industry may lead to volatile changes in
charter rates and vessel values, which may reduce our revenues and net income.
We are an independent shipping company that operates in the international drybulk shipping
market. Our profitability is dependent upon the charter rates we are able to charge. The supply of
and demand for shipping capacity strongly influences charter rates. The demand for shipping
capacity is determined primarily by the demand for the type of commodities carried, the distance
that those commodities must be moved by sea, and the demand for vessels of a particular size. The
demand for commodities is affected by, among other things, world and regional economic and
political conditions (including developments in international trade, fluctuations in industrial and
agricultural production and armed conflicts), environmental concerns, weather patterns, port
congestion, and changes in seaborne and other transportation costs. The size of the existing fleet
per size category (i.e., Handysize, Handymax, Panamax or Capesize) in any particular drybulk
market, the number of new vessel deliveries, the scrapping of older vessels and the number of
vessels out of active service (i.e., laid-up, dry-docked, awaiting repairs or otherwise not
available for hire), determines the supply of shipping capacity, which is measured by the amount of
suitable tonnage available to carry cargo.
In addition to the prevailing and anticipated charter rates, factors that affect the supply
and demand for shipping capacity include the rate of newbuilding, scrapping and laying-up,
newbuilding prices, secondhand vessel values in relation to scrap prices, costs of bunkers and
other operating costs, costs associated with classification society surveys, normal maintenance and
insurance coverage, the efficiency and age profile of the existing fleet in the market, and
government and industry regulation of maritime transportation practices, particularly environmental
protection laws and regulations. These factors are outside of our control, and we cannot predict
the nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions. Some of these factors may have a
negative impact on our revenues and net income.
The market value of our vessels can fluctuate significantly. The market value of our vessels
may increase or decrease depending on the following factors:
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economic and market conditions affecting the shipping industry in general; |
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supply of drybulk vessels, including secondhand vessels; |
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demand for drybulk vessels; |
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types and sizes of vessels; |
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other modes of transportation; |
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cost of newbuildings; |
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new regulatory requirements from governments or self-regulated organizations; and |
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prevailing level of charter rates. |
Because the market value of our vessels may fluctuate significantly, we may incur losses when
we sell vessels, which may adversely affect our earnings. In addition, any determination that a
vessels remaining useful life and earnings requires an impairment of its value on our financial
statements could result in a charge against our earnings and a reduction in our shareholders
equity. If for any reason we sell our vessels at a time when prices have fallen, the sale may be
less than that vessels carrying amount on our financial statements, and we would incur a loss and
a reduction in earnings.
Charter rates, which in the international drybulk shipping industry approached historic
highs in the second quarter of 2007, may decline as a result of increased capacity and
slowing worldwide economic growth, thereby reducing our future profitability.
After reaching a peak in mid-2005, charter rates and vessel values decreased during the
remainder of 2005 and the first half of 2006. Since July 2006, charter rates and the value of
secondhand vessels have risen sharply, approaching historical record high levels in November 2007.
We cannot give any assurance as to how long these rate levels may be maintained and, if they begin
to decline, to what levels they might fall. We anticipate that the future demand for our drybulk
carriers and drybulk charter rates will be dependent upon continued economic growth particularly in
China and India and elsewhere in the world generally, seasonal and regional changes in demand, and
changes to the capacity of the world fleet. Adverse industry, economic, political, social or other
developments could also decrease the amount and/or profitability of our business and materially
reduce our revenues and net income.
The nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions are unpredictable and outside
of our control. Some of the factors that influence demand for vessel capacity include:
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supply and demand for drybulk commodities; |
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global and regional economic conditions; |
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the distance drybulk commodities are to be moved by sea; and |
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changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns. |
Some of the factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity include:
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the number of newbuilding deliveries; |
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the scrapping rate of older vessels; |
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changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit the useful life of vessels; |
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the number of vessels that are laid-up; and |
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changes in global drybulk commodity production. |
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An oversupply of drybulk carrier capacity may lead to reductions in charter rates and our
profitability.
The market supply of drybulk carriers, primarily Capesize and Panamax vessels, has been
increasing, and the number of such drybulk carriers on order are near historic highs. Newbuildings
were delivered in significant numbers starting at the beginning of 2006 and are expected to
continue to be delivered in significant numbers through 2007. As of December 2007, newbuilding
orders had been placed for an aggregate of more than 58% of the current global drybulk fleet, with
deliveries expected during the next three to four years. An oversupply of drybulk carrier capacity
may result in a reduction of our charter rates. If such a reduction occurs, when our vessels
current charters expire or terminate, we may only be able to recharter our vessels at reduced or
unprofitable rates or we may not be able to charter these vessels at all.
An economic slowdown in the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere could materially reduce the
amount and/or profitability of our business.
A significant number of the port calls made by our vessels involve the loading or discharging
of raw materials and semi-finished products in ports in the Asia Pacific region. As a result, a
negative change in economic conditions in any Asia Pacific country, but particularly in China or
India, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations, as
well as our future prospects. In particular, in recent years, China has been one of the worlds
fastest growing economies in terms of gross domestic product. We cannot assure you that such growth
will be sustained or that the Chinese economy will not experience contraction in the future.
Moreover, any slowdown in the economies of the United States, the European Union or certain other
Asian countries may adversely effect economic growth in China and elsewhere. Our revenues and net
income, as well as our future prospects, would likely be materially reduced by an economic downturn
in any of these countries.
Changes in the economic and political environment in China and policies adopted by the
government to regulate its economy may have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most countries belonging to the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD, in such respects as structure, government
involvement, level of development, growth rate, capital reinvestment, allocation of resources, rate
of inflation and balance of payments position. Prior to 1978, the Chinese economy was a planned
economy. Since 1978, increasing emphasis has been placed on the utilization of market forces in the
development of the Chinese economy. There is an increasing level of freedom and autonomy in areas
such as allocation of resources, production, pricing and management and a gradual shift in emphasis
to a market economy and enterprise reform. Although limited price reforms were undertaken, with
the result that prices for certain commodities are principally determined by market forces, many of
the reforms are experimental and may be subject to change or abolition. We cannot assure you that
the Chinese government will continue to pursue a policy of economic reform. The level of imports to
and exports from China could be adversely affected by changes to these economic reforms, as well as
by changes in political, economic and social conditions or other relevant policies of the Chinese
government, such as changes in laws, regulations or export and import restrictions, all of which
could, adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
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Charter rates are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may adversely affect our operating
results.
Our fleet consists of Handysize and Handymax drybulk carriers that operate in markets that
have historically exhibited seasonal variations in demand and, as a result, in charter rates. This
seasonality may result in quarter-to-quarter volatility in our operating results. The energy
markets primarily affect the demand for coal, with increases during hot summer periods when air
conditioning and refrigeration require more electricity and towards the end of the calendar year in
anticipation of the forthcoming winter period. Grain shipments are driven by the harvest within a
climate zone. Because three of the five largest grain producers (the United States, Canada and the
European Union) are located in the northern hemisphere and the other two (Argentina and Australia)
are located in the southern hemisphere, harvests occur throughout the year and grains require
drybulk shipping accordingly. As a result of these and other factors, the drybulk shipping industry
is typically stronger in the fall and winter months. Therefore, we expect our revenues from our
drybulk carriers to be typically weaker during the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and September 30
and, conversely, we expect our revenues from our drybulk carriers to be typically stronger in
fiscal quarters ended December 31 and March 31. Seasonality in the drybulk industry could
materially affect our operating results.
The operation of drybulk carriers has certain unique operational risks.
The operation of certain vessel types, such as drybulk carriers, has certain unique risks.
With a drybulk carrier, the cargo itself and its interaction with the ship can be a risk factor. By
their nature, drybulk cargoes are often heavy, dense, easily shifted, and react badly to water
exposure. In addition, drybulk carriers are often subjected to battering treatment during unloading
operations with grabs, jackhammers (to pry encrusted cargoes out of the hold), and small
bulldozers. This treatment may cause damage to the vessel. Vessels damaged due to treatment during
unloading procedures may be more susceptible to breach to the sea. Hull breaches in drybulk
carriers may lead to the flooding of the vessels holds. If a drybulk carrier suffers flooding in
its forward holds, the bulk cargo may become so dense and waterlogged that its pressure may buckle
the vessels bulkheads leading to the loss of a vessel. If we are unable to adequately maintain our
vessels we may be unable to prevent these events. Any of these circumstances or events could
negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay
dividends. In addition, the loss of any of our vessels could harm our reputation as a safe and
reliable vessel owner and operator.
We are subject to regulation and liability under environmental laws that could require
significant expenditures and reduce our cash flows and net income.
Our business and the operation of our vessels are materially affected by government regulation
in the form of international conventions and national, state and local laws and regulations in
force in the jurisdictions in which the vessels operate, as well as in the country or countries of
their registration. We are also required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to
obtain certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our operations. Because such
conventions, laws, regulations and permit requirements are often revised, we cannot predict the
ultimate cost of complying with such conventions, laws, regulations or permit requirements, or the
impact thereof on the resale prices or useful lives of our vessels. Additional conventions, laws
and regulations may be adopted that could limit our ability to do business and thereby reduce our
revenue or increase our cost of doing business, thereby materially decreasing our net income.
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The operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set forth in the International
Safety Management, or ISM, Code. The ISM Code requires shipowners and bareboat charterers to
develop and maintain an extensive Safety Management System. The system includes the adoption of a
safety and
environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and
dealing with emergencies. The failure of a shipowner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM
Code may subject such party to increased liability, may decrease available insurance coverage for
the affected vessels, and/or may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports.
Currently, Lloyds Register of Shipping has awarded ISM and International Ship and Port Facilities
Security, or ISPS, certification to all of our vessels and to Free Bulkers, our ship management
company. There can be no assurance, however, that such certification will be maintained
indefinitely.
The European Union is considering legislation that will affect the operation of vessels and
the liability of owners for oil pollution. It is difficult to predict what legislation, if any, may
be promulgated by the European Union or any other country or authority.
We currently maintain, for each of our vessels, protection and indemnity insurance, which
includes pollution liability coverage, in the amount of one billion dollars per incident. If the
damages from a catastrophic incident exceeded our insurance coverage, the payment of these damages
may materially decrease our net income.
The International Maritime Organization, or IMO, or other regulatory bodies may adopt further
regulations in the future that could adversely affect the useful lives of our vessels as well as
our ability to generate income from them. These requirements can also affect the resale value of
our vessels.
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established an extensive regulatory and
liability regime for the protection and clean-up of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects
all owners and operators whose vessels trade in the United States of America or any of its
territories and possessions or whose vessels operate in waters of the United States of America,
which includes the territorial sea of the United States of America and its 200 nautical mile
exclusive economic zone.
Under OPA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are responsible parties and are
jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of
a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up costs and other
damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil from their vessels, including
bunkers (fuel).
If any of our vessels fail to maintain their class certification and/or fail any annual
survey, intermediate survey, dry-docking or special survey, that vessel would be unable to
carry cargo, thereby reducing our revenues and profitability and violating certain loan
covenants of our third-party indebtedness.
The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be classed by a classification society
authorized by its country of registry. The classification society certifies that a vessel is safe
and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of
the vessel and the Safety of Life at Sea Convention, or SOLAS. Our vessels are currently classed
with Lloyds Register of Shipping, Korean Register of Shipping, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, and
Germanischer Lloyd.
A vessel must undergo annual surveys, intermediate surveys, dry-dockings and special surveys.
In lieu of a special survey, a vessels machinery may be on a continuous survey cycle, under which
the machinery would be surveyed periodically over a five-year period. Our vessels are on special
survey cycles for hull inspection and continuous survey cycles for machinery inspection. Every
vessel is also required to be dry-docked every two to three years for inspection of the underwater
parts of such vessel.
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If any vessel does not maintain its class and/or fails any annual survey, intermediate survey,
dry-docking or special survey, the vessel will be unable to carry cargo between ports and will be
unemployable and uninsurable, thereby reducing our revenues and profitability. That could also
cause us to be in violation of certain covenants in our loan agreements. In addition, the cost of
maintaining our vessels classifications may be substantial at times and could result in reduced
revenues.
Maritime claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our cash flow.
Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and other parties
may be entitled to a maritime lien against a vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In
many jurisdictions, a maritime lienholder may enforce its lien by arresting a vessel through
foreclosure proceedings. The arresting or attachment of one or more of our vessels could interrupt
our cash flow and require us to pay large sums of funds to have the arrest lifted.
In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the sister ship theory of
liability, a claimant may arrest both the vessel which is subject to the claimants maritime lien
and any associated vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner or managed
by the same manager. Claimants could try to assert sister ship liability against one of our
vessels for claims relating to another of our vessels or a vessel managed by our manager.
Governments could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in
loss of earnings.
A government could requisition for title or seize our vessels. Requisition for title occurs
when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes the owner. A government could also
requisition our vessels for hire, which occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and
effectively becomes the charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during a
period of war or emergency. Government requisition of one or more of our vessels could reduce our
revenues and net income.
World events outside our control such as terrorism and international and regional
hostilities may negatively affect our ability to operate, thereby reducing our revenues and
net income or our ability to obtain additional financing, thereby restricting the
implementation of our business strategy.
Terrorist attacks such as those in New York on September 11, 2001, the bombings in Spain on
March 11, 2004 and in London on July 7, 2005, and the continuing response of the United States and
other countries to these attacks, as well as the threat of future terrorist attacks in the United
States or elsewhere continue to cause uncertainty in the world financial markets and may adversely
affect our business and operating results by increasing security costs and creating delays because
of heightened security measures. In the past, political conflicts have also resulted in attacks on
vessels, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt international shipping, particularly in
the Arabian Gulf region. Acts of terrorism and piracy have also affected vessels trading in regions
such as the South China Sea.
Terrorist attacks and international and regional hostilities may also negatively impact our
vessels or our customers directly. The continuing conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan may lead to
additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict around the world, which may contribute to economic
instability and could result in increased volatility of the financial markets in the United States
of America and globally, an economic recession in the United States of America or the world and a
corresponding reduction in our business and future prospects. Any of these occurrences could
prevent us from obtaining additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all and have a
material adverse impact on our operating results, revenues and costs which would impair our
implementation of our business strategy.
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Risks involved with operating ocean-going vessels could affect our business and reputation,
which may reduce our revenues.
The operation of an ocean-going vessel has inherent risks. These risks include the possibility
of:
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crew strikes and/or boycotts; |
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marine disaster; |
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piracy; |
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environmental accidents; |
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cargo and property losses or damage; and |
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business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human error, war,
terrorism, political action in various countries, labor strikes or adverse weather
conditions. |
The involvement of any of our vessels in an environmental disaster may harm our reputation as
a safe and reliable vessel operator. Any of these circumstances or events could increase our costs
or lower our revenues.
Rising fuel prices may adversely affect our profits.
The cost of fuel is a significant factor in negotiating charter rates. As a result, an
increase in the price of fuel beyond our expectations may adversely affect our profitability. The
price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates based on events outside our control,
including geo-political developments, supply and demand for oil, actions by members of OPEC and
other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in oil producing countries and regions, regional
production patterns and environmental concerns and regulations.
Company-Specific Risk Factors
We have a limited operating history and have cumulative deficits.
Our company was formed in April 2004, and we did not own or operate any vessels prior to June
2004. We therefore have a limited operating history and limited historical financial data on which
to evaluate our operations or our ability to implement and achieve our business strategy. As of
December 31, 2006 and September 30, 2007, we had cumulative deficits of $2,702,000 and $578,000,
respectively, which reflects the impact of cumulative losses during 2006 and prior years. Although
we achieved net income of $2,125,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, there can be no
assurances that we will achieve net income for the remainder of the year or that our net income
will be sufficient to offset our cumulative deficit.
If we fail to manage our planned growth properly, we may not be able to successfully expand
our market share.
We intend to continue to grow our fleet. Our growth will depend on:
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locating and acquiring suitable vessels; |
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identifying and consummating acquisitions or joint ventures; |
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integrating any acquired vessel successfully with our existing operations; |
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enhancing our customer base; |
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managing our expansion; and |
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obtaining the required financing. |
Growing any business by acquisition presents numerous risks, such as undisclosed liabilities
and obligations and difficulty experienced in (1) obtaining additional qualified personnel, (2)
managing relationships with customers and suppliers and (3) integrating newly acquired operations
into existing infrastructures.
We cannot give any assurance that we will be successful in executing our growth plans or that
we will not incur significant expenses and losses in connection with the execution of those growth
plans.
The grounding of the M/V Free Jupiter has negatively impacted our financial condition and
results of operations.
On September 21, 2007, the M/V Free Jupiter ran aground off the coast of the Philippines. The
damage to the vessel has been repaired and the vessel returned to service on February 28, 2008.
While we believe that our hull and machinery insurance and our P&I insurance should cover the
repair of the vessel and casualty-related liability claims, subject to deductibles of at least
$75,000 in the aggregate, we did not at the time have loss of hire or business interruption
insurance. Accordingly, we did no receive the $32,000 per day charter hire due under the vessels
time charter during the period from September 21, 2007 to February 28, 2008. In addition, our
protection and indemnity insurance would not cover claims made by our charterers for damages that
they may incur as a result of the delays caused by the incident, although our insurance may cover
our fees and expenses incurred in defending claims for damages brought by our charterers. We may
also face increased insurance premiums as a result of the grounding incident. As a result, this
grounding incident and its consequences have negatively impacted our financial condition and
results of operations.
Our charterers may terminate or default on their charters, which could adversely affect our
results of operations and cash flow.
Our charters may terminate earlier than the dates indicated in this prospectus. The terms of
our charters vary as to which events or occurrences will cause a charter to terminate or give the
charterer the option to terminate the charter, but these generally include a total or constructive
total loss of the related vessel, the requisition for hire of the related vessel, or the failure of
the related vessel to meet specified performance criteria. In addition, if we fail to deliver a
vessel within the time specified in its charter, the charterer may have the right to terminate the
charter.
The ability of each of our charterers to perform its obligations under a charter will depend
on a number of factors that are beyond our control. These factors may include general economic
conditions, the condition of the drybulk shipping industry, the charter rates received for specific
types of vessels, and various operating expenses. The costs and delays associated with the
termination of a charter or the default by a charterer of a vessel may be considerable and may
adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
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We cannot predict whether our charterers will, upon the expiration of their charters,
recharter our vessels on favorable terms or at all. If our charterers decide not to recharter our
vessels, we may not be able to recharter them on terms similar to the terms of our current charters
or at all. If we receive lower charter rates under replacement charters or are unable to recharter
all of our vessels, our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely
affected.
Our earnings may be adversely affected if we do not successfully employ our vessels.
We intend to employ our vessels in fixed-rate period charters and spot charters. While current
charter rates are high relative to historical rates, the charter market is volatile, and at times
in the past charter rates for vessels have declined below operating costs of vessels. If our
vessels become available for employment in the spot market or under new period charters during
periods when charter rates have fallen, we may have to employ our vessels at depressed charter
rates that would lead to reduced or volatile earnings. We cannot assure you that future charter
rates will be at a level that will enable us to operate our vessels profitably or to repay our
debt.
We will not be able to take advantage of favorable opportunities in the current spot market
with respect to vessels employed on medium- to long-term time charters.
Four of the five vessels in our fleet are employed under medium- to long-term time charters,
with expiration dates ranging from April 2008 to February 2011. Although medium- and long-term time
charters provide relatively steady streams of revenue, vessels committed to medium- and long-term
charters may not be available for spot voyages during periods of increasing charter hire rates,
when spot voyages might be more profitable.
We previously relied on spot charters and may spot charter certain of our vessels in the
future. The rates on spot charters are very competitive and volatile, which can result in
decreased revenues if spot charter rates decline.
Our vessels have previously been spot chartered, which made our historical revenues subject to
greater fluctuation. In the future, we may continue to spot charter certain of our vessels. The
spot charter market is highly competitive and rates within this market are subject to volatile
fluctuations, while longer-term period time charters provide income at pre-determined rates over
more extended periods of time. If we decide to continue to spot charter certain of our vessels,
there can be no assurance that we will be successful in keeping those vessels fully employed in
these short-term markets or that future spot rates will be sufficient to enable those vessels to be
operated profitably.
If vessels that we acquire for our fleet are not delivered on time or delivered with
significant defects, our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to
pay dividends could be adversely affected.
We currently expect to take delivery of the M/V Free Impala and the M/V Free Knight in March
2008. A prolonged delay in the delivery to us of these vessels or any additional vessels we may
contract to purchase, or the failure of the contract counterparty to deliver a vessel at all, could
cause us to breach our obligations under a related time charter and could adversely affect our
business, results of operations, financial condition and the ability to pay dividends. The delivery
of any of these vessels with substantial defects could have similar consequences.
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We depend entirely on Free Bulkers and Safbulk to manage and charter our fleet.
Our executive management team consists of only two individuals, our chief executive officer
and our chief financial officer. We currently contract the management of our fleet, including
crewing, maintenance and repair, as well as our financial reporting and internal controls, to Free
Bulkers, an affiliated company. Free Bulkers has entered into a sub-management agreement with
Safbulk, a company controlled by the Restis family, for the commercial management of our fleet,
including negotiating and obtaining charters, relations with charter brokers and performance of
post-charter activities. We are dependent upon Free Bulkers for technical management of our fleet
and upon Safbulk for our ability to attract charterers and charter brokers. The loss of either of
their services or their failure to perform their obligations could reduce our revenues and net
income and adversely affect our operations and business. Generally, Free Bulkers is not liable to
us for any losses or damages, if any, that may result from its management of our fleet unless Free
Bulkers or its employees act with negligence or gross negligence or commit a willful default with
respect to one of our vessels. Pursuant to its agreement with us, Free Bulkers liability for such
acts, except in certain limited circumstances, may not exceed ten times the annual management fee
payable by the applicable subsidiary to Free Bulkers. Although we may have rights against Free
Bulkers, if Free Bulkers defaults on its obligations to us, you may have no recourse against Free
Bulkers. In addition, if Safbulk defaults on its obligations to Free Bulkers, we may have no
recourse against Safbulk. Further, we expect that we will need approval from our lenders if we
intend to replace Free Bulkers as our fleet manager.
Because our seafaring employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, failure of
industry groups to renew those agreements may disrupt our operations and adversely affect
our earnings.
All of the seafarers employed on the vessels in our fleet are covered by collective bargaining
agreements that set basic standards. We cannot assure you that these agreements will prevent labor
interruptions. Any labor interruptions could disrupt our operations and harm our financial
performance.
If Free Bulkers is unable to perform under its vessel management agreements with us, our
results of operations may be adversely affected.
As we expand our fleet, we will rely on Free Bulkers to recruit suitable additional seafarers
and to meet other demands imposed on Free Bulkers. We cannot assure you that Free Bulkers will be
able to meet these demands as we expand our fleet. If Free Bulkers crewing agents encounter
business or financial difficulties, they may not be able to adequately staff our vessels. If Free
Bulkers is unable to provide the commercial and technical management service for our vessels, our
business, results of operations, cash flows and financial position and our ability to pay dividends
may be adversely affected.
We, and one of our executive officers, have affiliations with Free Bulkers that could create
conflicts of interest detrimental to us.
Our chairman, chief executive officer and president, Ion G. Varouxakis, is also the
controlling shareholder and officer of Free Bulkers, which is our ship management company. These
dual responsibilities of our officer and the relationships between the two companies could create
conflicts of interest between Free Bulkers and us. Each of our operating subsidiaries has a
nonexclusive management agreement with Free Bulkers. Free Bulkers has subcontracted the charter and
post-charter management of our fleet to Safbulk, which is controlled by FS Holdings Limited, one of
our principal shareholders. Although Free Bulkers currently serves as manager for vessels owned by
us, neither Free Bulkers nor Safbulk is restricted from entering into management agreements with
other competing shipping
companies, and Safbulk provides management services to other international shipping companies,
including the Restis group, which owns and operates vessels in the drybulk sector. Free Bulkers or
Safbulk could also allocate charter and/or vessel purchase and sale opportunities to others. There
can be no assurance that Free Bulkers or Safbulk would resolve any conflicts of interest in a
manner beneficial to us.
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Operational or financial problems experienced by Free Bulkers, our affiliate, may adversely
impact us.
The ability of Free Bulkers to continue providing services for us will depend in part on Free
Bulkers own financial strength. Circumstances beyond our control could impair Free Bulkers
financial strength and, as a result, Free Bulkers ability to fulfill its obligations to us which
could have a material adverse effect on us.
If Free Bulkers is unable to recruit suitable seafarers for our fleet or as we expand our
fleet, our results of operations may be adversely affected.
We will rely on Free Bulkers to recruit suitable senior officers and crews as we expand our
fleet. In addition, as we expand our fleet, we will have to rely on Free Bulkers to recruit
suitable additional seafarers. We cannot assure you that Free Bulkers will be able to continue to
hire suitable employees as we expand our fleet. If Free Bulkers crewing agents encounter business
or financial difficulties, they may not be able to adequately staff our vessels. We expect that all
or part of the seafarers who will be employed on the ships in our fleet will be covered by
industry-wide collective bargaining agreements that set basic standards. We cannot assure you that
these agreements will prevent labor interruptions. If Free Bulkers is unable to recruit suitable
seafarers as we expand our fleet, our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial
condition and our ability to pay dividends may be materially adversely affected.
In the highly competitive international drybulk shipping industry, we may not be able to
compete for charters with new entrants or established companies with greater resources.
We employ our vessels in a highly competitive market that is capital intensive and highly
fragmented. Competition arises primarily from other vessel owners, some of whom have substantially
greater resources than we have. Competition for the transportation of drybulk cargoes can be
intense and depends on price, location, size, age, condition and the acceptability of the vessel
and its managers to the charterers. Due in part to the highly fragmented market, competitors with
greater resources could operate larger fleets through consolidations or acquisitions that may be
able to offer better prices and fleets.
A decline in the market value of our vessels could lead to a default under our loan
agreements and the loss of our vessels.
We have incurred secured debt under loan agreements for all of our vessels. If the market
value of our fleet declines, we may not be in compliance with certain provisions of our existing
loan agreements and we may not be able to refinance our debt or obtain additional financing. If we
are unable to pledge additional collateral, our lenders could accelerate our debt and foreclose on
our fleet.
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Servicing debt may limit funds available for other purposes and inability to service debt
may lead to acceleration of debt and foreclosure on our fleet
To finance our original fleet of vessels, one of which was sold in April 2007, we incurred
secured debt under loan agreements with Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. that are guaranteed by us and
unsecured, non-interest-bearing shareholder loans. To finance the acquisition of the M/V Free Hero,
the M/V Free Jupiter and the M/V Free Goddess, we incurred secured debt under loan agreements from
HSH Nordbank AG and BTMU Capital Corporation for an aggregate of $89.5 million in the form of a
senior loan and a junior loan, as well as a $14.0 million unsecured loan from FS Holdings Limited,
one of our principal shareholders.
The drawings under these facilities materially increased our long-term debt, our shareholder
debt, and our ratio of debt to total capital. In October 2007, we used the net proceeds of an
offering of our common stock to repay all our shareholders loans outstanding. In addition, we used
the net proceeds of that offering along with a portion of the proceeds of a new $87.0 million
senior credit facility from Credit Suisse, to repay all amounts due under the junior loan from BTMU
Capital Corporation and the amounts due under the senior credit facility from HSH Nordbank AG
relating to the M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free Goddess and part of the credit facility relating to
the M/V Free Jupiter. Following these repayments, we had outstanding an aggregate of $56.3 million
in debt, which following the debt repayment schedule and the partial financing of the purchase
price of the M/V Free Knight on March 19, 2008 is now $81.1 million.
We will be required to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to pay
the principal and interest on our debt. These requirements will increase as we draw additional
funds available for the acquisition of new vessels. These payments will limit funds otherwise
available for working capital, capital expenditures and other purposes. We will need to incur
additional indebtedness as we further expand our fleet, which would increase our ratio of debt to
equity. The need to service our debt may limit funds available for other purposes, including
distributing cash to our shareholders, and our inability to service debt could lead to acceleration
of our debt and foreclosure on our fleet.
Continued increase in interest rates would reduce funds available to purchase vessels and
service debt.
The rise in interest rates since 2005 has caused our interest cost to increase and has had a
material adverse effect on our net income. Any further interest rate increases could further reduce
our revenues and net income. We have purchased, and may purchase in the future, vessels with loans
that provide for periodic interest payments based on indices that fluctuate with changes in market
interest rates. If interest rates increase significantly, it would increase our costs of financing
our acquisition of vessels, which could decrease the number of additional vessels that we could
acquire and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and may adversely
affect our ability to service debt.
Our loan agreements contain covenants that may limit our liquidity and corporate activities.
Our loan agreements impose operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions may
limit our ability to:
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create liens on our assets; |
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sell capital stock of our subsidiaries; |
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make investments; |
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make capital expenditures; and |
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change the management of our vessels or terminate or materially amend the
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In addition, our credit facilities contain a number of financial covenants and general
covenants that require us to, among other things, maintain minimum vessel values, minimum cash
balances on deposit, minimum working capital and adequate insurance. Therefore, we may need to seek
permission from our lenders in order to undertake certain corporate actions. Our lenders interests
may be different from ours, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain our lenders
permission when needed. This may prevent us from taking actions that are in our best interest.
We cannot assure you that we will pay dividends.
There can be no assurance that dividends will be paid. We intend to declare and distribute a
portion of our available cash from operations as quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders in
February, May, August and November of each year. In February 2008, our Board of Directors declared
a $0.175 per share dividend. We currently expect that this dividend will be followed by a quarterly
dividend of $0.175 per share in each of the following three quarters. However, we may incur other
expenses or liabilities that would reduce or eliminate the cash available for distribution as
dividends, including as a result of the risks described in this section of the prospectus. Our
credit agreements may also prohibit our declaration and payment of dividends under some
circumstances. For example, our loan agreement for our senior secured credit facility from Credit
Suisse permits payments of dividends to our shareholders provided we are in compliance with certain
loan covenants. We may also enter into new financing or other agreements that will restrict our
ability to pay dividends.
In addition, the declaration and payment of dividends will be subject at all times to the
discretion of our board of directors. The timing and amount of dividends will depend on our
earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, fleet renewal and expansion,
restrictions in our credit agreements, the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment
of dividends and other factors. Marshall Islands law generally prohibits the payment of dividends
other than from surplus or while a company is insolvent or would be rendered insolvent upon the
payment of such dividends; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out
of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal
year.
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We are a holding company, and we will depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to
distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial obligations or to make dividend
payments.
We are a holding company and our subsidiaries, which are all wholly owned by us either,
directly or indirectly, will conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We
have no significant assets other than the equity interests in our wholly owned subsidiaries. As a
result, our ability to make dividend payments depends on our subsidiaries and their ability to
distribute funds to us. If we are unable to obtain funds from our subsidiaries, our board of
directors may exercise its discretion not to pay dividends. We and our subsidiaries will be
permitted to pay dividends under our senior secured term loan only for so long as we are in
compliance with all applicable financial covenants, terms and conditions. In addition, we and our
subsidiaries are subject to limitations on the payment of dividends under Marshall Islands laws
discussed above.
The performance of our existing charters and the creditworthiness of our charterers may
hinder our ability to implement our business strategy by making additional debt financing
unavailable or available only at higher than anticipated cost.
The actual or perceived credit quality of our charterers, and any defaults by them, may
materially affect our ability to obtain the additional debt financing that we will require to
acquire additional vessels or may significantly increase our costs of obtaining such financing. Our
inability to obtain additional financing at all, or at a higher than anticipated cost, may
materially impair our ability to implement our business strategy.
As we expand our business, we will need to upgrade our operational and financial systems,
and add more staff. If we cannot upgrade these systems or recruit suitable additional
employees, our performance may suffer.
Our current operating and financial systems may not be adequate if we expand the size of our
fleet, and our attempt to improve those systems may be ineffective. In addition, if we expand our
fleet, we will have to rely on Free Bulkers to recruit additional shoreside administrative and
management personnel. We cannot assure you that Free Bulkers will be able to continue to hire
suitable additional employees as we expand our fleet. If we cannot upgrade our operational and
financial systems effectively or recruit suitable additional employees our performance may suffer
and our ability to expand our business further will be restricted.
We will be required to evaluate our controls, as required by Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which will require substantial resources. If these evaluations
result in the identification of material weaknesses, we may be adversely affected until
these weaknesses can be corrected.
We are required to comply with a variety of laws, regulations and standards relating to
corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (which we
refer to as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), SEC regulations and the NASDAQ Stock Market rules. In
particular, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires managements annual review and
evaluation of our internal control systems, and attestations as to the effectiveness of these
systems by our independent public accounting firm. We have dedicated additional resources and
accelerated progress on the required assessments in order to complete documenting and testing our
internal control systems and procedures in the time to enable us to timely file our annual report
on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007. During the course of testing, deficiencies may
be identified that we may not be able to remediate to meet the deadline imposed by the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. If we fail to
22
maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or
amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis
that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, if we fail to correct any deficiencies we identify, we may not
obtain an unqualified attestation report from our independent public accounting firm, which will be
required for the fiscal year ended [December 31, 2008.] Failure to achieve and maintain an
effective internal control environment or obtain an unqualified report could have a material
adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
We may be unable to attract and retain key management personnel and other employees in the
shipping industry, which may reduce the effectiveness of our management and lower our
results of operations.
Our success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of our existing
management team. The loss of any of these individuals could adversely affect our business prospects
and financial condition. We have entered into employment agreements with our chairman, chief
executive officer and president, Ion G. Varouxakis, and our chief financial officer, Dimitris D.
Papadopoulos. Our success will depend on retaining key members of our management team. Difficulty
in hiring and retaining personnel could adversely affect our results of operations and ability to
pay dividends. We do not maintain key man life insurance on any of our officers.
Our vessels may suffer damage and may face unexpected dry-docking costs, which could reduce
our cash flow and impair our financial condition.
If our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a dry-docking facility. The
costs of dry-dock repairs are unpredictable and can be substantial. We may have to pay dry-docking
costs that our insurance does not cover. The loss of earnings while these vessels are being
repaired and reconditioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs, would decrease our
earnings.
Since our fleet is currently small, the loss of service of any vessels could have a material
adverse effect on our earnings.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we had five vessels in our fleet. We do not currently
maintain insurance for loss of hire. Since our fleet is currently small, the loss of service of any
of our vessels, especially our five current vessels, could have a material adverse effect on our
earnings.
Purchasing and operating previously owned, or secondhand, vessels may result in increased
operating costs and vessels off-hire, which could adversely affect our earnings.
Although we inspect the secondhand vessels that we acquire prior to purchase, this inspection
does not provide us with the same knowledge about their condition and cost of any required (or
anticipated) repairs that we would have had if these vessels had been built for and operated
exclusively by us. Generally, we do not receive the benefit of warranties on secondhand vessels.
In general, the costs to maintain a vessel in good operating condition increase with the age
of the vessel. The average age of our drybulk carriers is approximately 16 years. Older vessels are
typically less fuel efficient and more costly to maintain than more recently constructed vessels.
Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of a vessel, making older vessels less desirable to
charterers.
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Governmental regulations or safety or other equipment standards related to the age of vessels
may require expenditures for alterations, or the addition of new equipment, to our vessels and may
restrict the type of activities in which the vessels may engage. We cannot assure you that, as our
vessels age, market conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels
profitably during the remainder of their useful lives. If we sell vessels, it is not certain that
the price for which we sell them will equal their carrying amount at that time.
Unless we set aside reserves or are able to borrow funds for vessel replacement, at the end
of a vessels useful life our revenue will decline, which would adversely affect our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
Unless we maintain reserves or are able to borrow or raise funds for vessel replacement we
will be unable to replace the vessels in our fleet upon the expiration of their useful lives, which
we expect to range from 25 years to 30 years, depending on the type of vessel. Our cash flows and
income are dependent on the revenues earned by the chartering of our vessels to customers. If we
are unable to replace the vessels in our fleet upon the expiration of their useful lives, our
business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends will be
materially and adversely affected. Any reserves set aside for vessel replacement may not be
available for dividends.
Because we will generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but will incur a portion of our
expenses in other currencies, exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse impact on our
results of operations.
We will generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars, but we expect that portions of our
future expenses will be incurred in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This difference could
lead to fluctuations in net income due to changes in the value of the dollar relative to the other
currencies, in particular the Euro. Expenses incurred in foreign currencies against which the
dollar falls in value can increase, decreasing our revenues. For example, during 2006, the value of
the dollar declined by approximately 11% as compared to the Euro and declined approximately 8%
further during the first nine months of 2007. Further declines in the value of the dollar could
lead to higher expenses payable by us.
Investment in derivative instruments such as freight forward agreements could result in
losses.
From time to time in the future, we may take positions in derivative instruments including
freight forward agreements, or FFAs. FFAs and other derivative instruments may be used to hedge a
vessel owners exposure to the charter market by providing for the sale of a contracted charter
rate along a specified route and period of time. Upon settlement, if the contracted charter rate is
less than the average of the rates, as reported by an identified index, for the specified route and
time period, the seller of the FFA is required to pay the buyer an amount equal to the difference
between the contracted rate and the settlement rate, multiplied by the number of days in the
specified period. Conversely, if the contracted rate is greater than the settlement rate, the buyer
is required to pay the seller the settlement sum. If we take positions in FFAs or other derivative
instruments and do not correctly anticipate charter rate movements over the specified route and
time period, we could suffer losses in the settling or termination of the FFA. This could adversely
affect our results of operation and cash flow.
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We may not have adequate insurance to compensate us adequately for damage to, or loss of, our
vessels.
We procure hull and machinery insurance, protection and indemnity insurance, which includes
environmental damage and pollution insurance and war risk insurance for our fleet. We currently do
not maintain insurance against loss of hire, which covers business interruptions that result in the
loss of use of a vessel. We can give no assurance that we are adequately insured against all other
risks. We may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage for our fleet in the future. Our
insurance policies contain deductibles for which we will be responsible and limitations and
exclusions which may increase our costs. Moreover, we cannot assure that the insurers will not
default on any claims they are required to pay. If our insurance is not enough to cover claims that
may arise, we may not be able to repair any damage to our vessels or replace any vessel that is
lost or may have to use our own funds for those purposes, thereby reducing our funds available to
implement our business strategy.
We may have to pay tax on United States source income, which would reduce our earnings.
Under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, 50% of the gross shipping
income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation, such as ourselves and our subsidiaries, that
is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the
United States may be subject to a 4% United States federal income tax without allowance for
deduction, unless that corporation qualifies for exemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code
and the applicable Treasury Regulations recently promulgated thereunder.
We expect that we and each of our subsidiaries will qualify for this statutory tax exemption
for 2008 and subsequent years. However, there are factual circumstances beyond our control that
could cause us to fail to qualify for this tax exemption and thereby be subject to United States
federal income tax on our United States source income. For example, we would fail to qualify for
exemption under Section 883 of the Code for a particular tax year if shareholders, each of whom
owned, actually or under applicable constructive ownership rules, a 5% or greater interest in the
vote and value of the outstanding shares of our stock, owned in the aggregate 50% or more of the
vote and value of the outstanding shares of our stock, and qualified shareholders as defined by
the regulations to Section 883 do not own, directly or under applicable constructive ownership
rules, sufficient shares in our closely-held block of stock to preclude the shares in the
closely-held block that are not so owned from representing 50% or more of the value of our stock
for more than half of the number of days during the taxable year. Establishing such ownership by
qualified shareholders will depend upon the status of our direct and indirect individual
shareholders as residents of qualifying jurisdictions and whether they own shares through bearer
share arrangements and will require compliance with ownership certification procedures by
individual shareholders that are residents of qualifying jurisdictions and by each intermediary or
other person in the chain of ownership between us and such individuals. Due to the factual nature
of the issues involved, we can give no assurances on our tax-exempt status or that of any of our
subsidiaries.
It is not clear whether we will be entitled to the benefits of Section 883 for 2006 and 2007.
We do not anticipate, however, that a material amount of United States federal tax would be owed in
the event that we do not qualify for the benefits of Section 883 for such years.
If we or our subsidiaries are not entitled to exemption under Section 883 for any taxable
year, we or our subsidiaries could be subject for those years to an effective 4% U.S. federal
income tax on the shipping income these companies derive during the year that are attributable to
the transport of cargoes to or from the United States. The imposition of this taxation would have a
negative effect on our business and would result in decreased earnings available for distribution
to our shareholders.
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U.S. tax authorities could treat us as a passive foreign investment company, which could
have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders.
A foreign corporation will be treated as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for
U.S. federal income tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for any taxable
year consists of certain types of passive income or (2) at least 50% of the average value of the
corporations assets produce or are held for the production of those types of passive income. For
purposes of these tests, passive income includes dividends, interest, and gains from the sale or
exchange of investment property and rents and royalties other than rents and royalties which are
received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For
purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of services does not constitute
passive income. U.S. shareholders of a PFIC are subject to a disadvantageous U.S. federal income
tax regime with respect to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they receive from the
PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their shares in the
PFIC.
Based on our proposed method of operation, we do not believe that we will be a PFIC with
respect to any taxable year. In this regard, we intend to treat the gross income we derive or are
deemed to derive from our time chartering activities as services income, rather than rental income.
Accordingly, we believe that our time chartering activities does not constitute passive income,
and the assets that we own and operate in connection with the production of that income do not
constitute passive assets.
There is, however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our proposed
method of operation. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service,
or IRS, or a court of law will accept our position, and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of
law could determine that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we would not
constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there were to be changes in the nature and extent
of our operations.
If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year, our U.S.
shareholders will face adverse U.S. tax consequences. Under the PFIC rules, unless those
shareholders make an election available under the Code (which election could itself have adverse
consequences for such shareholders), such shareholders would be liable to pay United States federal
income tax at the then prevailing income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest upon excess
distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our common shares, as if the excess
distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over the shareholders holding period of our
common shares.
Legislation has been proposed in the United States which would prevent dividends on our
shares from qualifying for certain preferential rates for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Qualified dividend income derived by noncorporate shareholders that are subject to U.S.
federal income tax is currently subject to U.S. federal income taxation at reduced rates. We expect
that under current law, so long as our shares are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market or the NASDAQ
Global Market and we do not and have not qualified as a passive foreign investment company for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions treated as dividends for U.S. tax purposes on our
shares will potentially be eligible (that is, eligible if certain conditions relating to the
shareholder are satisfied) for treatment as qualified dividend income. Proposed legislation in the
United States would, however, if enacted, make it unlikely that such distributions on our shares
would be eligible for such treatment. As of the date hereof, no assurance can be given regarding
whether or not such legislation will be enacted.
26
Offering-Specific Risk Factors
There may not be a liquid market for our common stock, which may cause our common stock to
trade at lower prices and make it difficult to sell your common stock.
Our shares trade on the NASDAQ Global Market, but the trading volume has been low. We cannot
predict at this time how actively our shares will trade in the public market or whether the price
of our shares in the public market will reflect our actual financial performance.
The market price of our common stock has been and may in the future be subject to significant
fluctuations.
The market price of our common stock has been and may in the future be subject to significant
fluctuations as a result of many factors, some of which are beyond our control. Among the factors
that have in the past and could in the future affect our stock price are:
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quarterly variations in our results of operations; |
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changes in sales or earnings estimates or publication of research reports by analysts; |
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speculation in the press or investment community about our business or the
shipping industry generally; |
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changes in market valuations of similar companies and stock market price and
volume fluctuations generally; |
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strategic actions by us or our competitors such as acquisitions or restructurings; |
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regulatory developments; |
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additions or departures of key personnel; |
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general market conditions; and |
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domestic and international economic, market and currency factors unrelated to our
performance. |
The stock markets in general, and the markets for drybulk shipping and shipping stocks in
general, have experienced extreme volatility that has sometimes been unrelated to the operating
performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the
trading price of our common stock.
If holders of our warrants exercise their right to purchase shares of our common stock, you
will experience immediate dilution.
As of February 29, 2008, we have outstanding 200,000 Class A warrants issued to our initial
shareholders. Of our publicly traded classes of warrants, we have outstanding as of February 29,
2008 914,138 Class W warrants and 1,655,006 Class Z warrants. Each of these warrants is exercisable
to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share, and our Class A,
Class W and Class Z warrants must be exercised for cash. Our Class A warrants expire July 29, 2011,
our Class W warrants expire July 29, 2009, and our Class Z warrants expire July 29, 2011. As a
result, if holders of
our warrants exercise their right to purchase shares of our common stock, we may issue up to
2,769,144 additional shares of our common stock at $5.00 per share, which will cause you immediate
dilution.
27
In addition, we are obligated under the unit purchase option sold to the lead underwriter in
the initial public offering of our predecessor to issue up to an additional 410,000 shares of
common stock. See Description of Capital Stock Underwriters Unit Purchase Option.
Two of our principal shareholders may effectively control the outcome of matters on which
our shareholders are entitled to vote, including the election of directors and other
significant corporate actions.
Two of our principal shareholders, The Midas Touch S.A. and FS Holdings Limited, controlled
by Mr. Varouxakis and members of the Restis family, respectively, currently own (not including
shares of common stock subject to options and warrants) approximately 23.3% of our outstanding
common stock. While our principal shareholders have no agreement, arrangement or understanding
relating to the voting of their shares, they may effectively control the outcome of matters on
which our shareholders are entitled to vote, including the election of directors and other
significant corporate actions. The interests of these shareholders may be different from your
interests.
Future sales of our stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the
perception that these sales could occur, may depress the market price for our common stock. These
sales could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity
securities in the future. We have registered for resale an aggregate of 840,834 shares of common
stock beneficially owned by certain of our shareholders, 3,672,500 shares of our common stock
issuable upon the exercise of our Class W and Class Z warrants (including 151,250 shares of
FreeSeas common stock issuable upon exercise of Class W and Class Z warrants owned by certain
shareholders), and 410,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of a unit purchase option held by the
lead underwriter in the initial public offering of our predecessor.
We may issue additional shares of our stock in the future and our shareholders may elect to
sell large numbers of shares held by them from time to time. Our amended and restated articles of
incorporation authorize us to issue up to 40,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, of which 20,743,456 shares of common stock are currently outstanding.
Because the Republic of the Marshall Islands, where we are incorporated, does not have a
well-developed body of corporate law, shareholders may have fewer rights and protections
than under typical United States law, such as Delaware, and shareholders may have difficulty
in protecting their interest with regard to actions taken by our Board of Directors.
Our corporate affairs are governed by amended and restated articles of incorporation and
by-laws and by the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act, or BCA. The provisions of the BCA
resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States. However,
there have been few judicial cases in the Republic of the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA.
The rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the law of the Republic of the
Marshall Islands are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of
directors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in certain U.S. jurisdictions.
Shareholder rights may differ as well. For example, under Marshall Islands law, a copy of the
notice of any meeting of the shareholders must be given not less than 15 days before the meeting,
whereas in Delaware such notice must be given not less than 10 days before the
28
meeting. Therefore, if immediate shareholder action is required, a meeting may not be able to be
convened as quickly as it can be convened under Delaware law. Also, under Marshall Islands law, any
action required to be taken by a meeting of shareholders may only be taken without a meeting if
consent is in writing and is signed by all of the shareholders entitled to vote, whereas under
Delaware law action may be taken by consent if approved by the number of shareholders that would be
required to approve such action at a meeting. Therefore, under Marshall Islands law, it may be more
difficult for a company to take certain actions without a meeting even if a majority of the
shareholders approve of such action. While the BCA does specifically incorporate the non-statutory
law, or judicial case law, of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar
legislative provisions, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests
in the face of actions by the management, directors or controlling shareholders than would
shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction.
It may not be possible for investors to enforce U.S. judgments against us.
We, and all our subsidiaries, are or will be incorporated in jurisdictions outside the U.S.
and substantially all of our assets and those of our subsidiaries and will be located outside the
U.S. In addition, most of our directors and officers are or will be non-residents of the U.S., and
all or a substantial portion of the assets of these non-residents are or will be located outside
the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for U.S. investors to serve process within
the U.S. upon us, our subsidiaries, or our directors and officers, or to enforce a judgment against
us for civil liabilities in U.S. courts. In addition, you should not assume that courts in the
countries in which we or our subsidiaries are incorporated or where our or the assets of our
subsidiaries are located would enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or
our subsidiaries based upon the civil liability provisions of applicable U.S. federal and state
securities laws or would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us or our subsidiaries
based on those laws.
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents, and under Marshall Islands
corporate law, could make it difficult for our shareholders to replace or remove our current
board of directors or have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or
acquisition, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Several provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and by-laws, and
certain provisions of the Marshall Islands corporate law, could make it difficult for our
shareholders to change the composition of our board of directors in any one year, preventing them
from changing the composition of management. In addition, these provisions may discourage, delay or
prevent a merger or acquisition that shareholders may consider favorable. These provisions include:
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authorizing our board of directors to issue blank check preferred stock without
shareholder approval; |
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providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three year terms; |
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prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors; |
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authorizing the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the
affirmative vote of the holders of a two-thirds majority of the outstanding shares of
our common shares, voting as a single class, entitled to vote for the directors; |
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limiting the persons who may call special meetings of shareholders; |
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establishing advance notice requirements for election to our board of directors
or proposing matters that can be acted on by shareholders at shareholder meetings; and |
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limiting our ability to enter into business combination transactions with certain
shareholders. |
These anti-takeover provisions could substantially impede the ability of public shareholders
to benefit from a change in control and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of our
common shares and your ability to realize any potential change of control premium.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless we specify otherwise in any prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds
from the sale of securities by us offered by this prospectus to make vessel acquisitions and for
capital expenditures, repayment of indebtedness, working capital, and general corporate purposes.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling
shareholders.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The following table shows our consolidated ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the periods
indicated. This ratio is provided to assist investors in evaluating our ability to meet the
interest requirements of debt securities. For purposes of these calculations, earnings consist of
income before taking into consideration income tax expense and fixed charges, where fixed
charges consist of interest expense, amortization of debt issuance costs and cost on early
extinguishment of debt.
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From Inception |
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September 30, |
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December 31, |
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(April 23, 2004) to |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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2005 |
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December 31, 2004 |
Ratio of Earnings to
Fixed Charges
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2.14 |
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*
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1.14 |
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2.96 |
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* |
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The earnings were inadequate to cover fixed charges. The amount required to obtain a
ratio of one-to-one is $3,324,000. |
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
Up to 4,830,193 shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus may be offered by Ion
G. Varouxakis and FS Holdings Limited. Each of these shareholders executed lock up agreements with
respect to our common stock and securities convertible into, or exercisable for, common stock in
connection with the public offering we completed in October 2007. None of the shareholders will
sell or offer to sell any common stock or securities convertible into, or exersizable for, common
stock under this prospectus or any prospectus supplement until April 22, 2008. Additional
information about the selling shareholders who offer securities under the registration statement of
which this prospectus is a part will be set forth in prospectus supplements, post-effective
amendments and/or filings we make with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the
Exchange Act, that are incorporated by reference. Each applicable prospectus supplement,
post-effective amendment and/or filing under the Exchange Act will identify the selling
shareholders selling in that offering and their relationship to FreeSeas and will also include the
following information:
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the number of shares of common stock then held by the selling shareholders; |
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the number of shares of common stock then being offered by the selling shareholders; and |
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the number of shares (and, if one percent or more, the percentage) of common stock owned
by the selling shareholders after completion of the offering. |
The shares described in this prospectus were obtained by certain of the selling shareholders
(i) in private placements by us of our common stock, (ii) upon the exercise of options or warrants
to purchase our common stock, and (iii) by transfers from the original holder of the shares that
were obtained in one of the manners described above.
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our consolidated capitalization as of September 30, 2007:
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on a historical basis without any adjustment to reflect subsequent events; |
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as adjusted to reflect (i) the exercise of 480,107 Class W warrants and 101,444
Class Z warrants, as of February 29, 2008; (ii) the exercise of 700,000 Class B
warrants; and (iii) the sale of 12,650,000 shares at an offering price of $8.25 per
share, net of underwriters discounts and commissions, offering expenses, and after
receipt and application of net proceeds together with the new secured credit facility
from Credit Suisse. |
Other than as set forth in the As Adjusted column, there have been no material changes in
our capitalization between September 30, 2007 and the date of this prospectus.
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Historical |
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As Adjusted |
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Debt: |
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Shareholders loans, current portion |
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$ |
1,864 |
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$ |
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(1) |
Shareholders loans, net of current portion |
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12,422 |
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(2) |
Long-term debt, current portion |
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8,030 |
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11,800 |
(3) |
Long-term debt, net of current portion |
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51,570 |
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42,325 |
(3) |
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Total debt |
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$ |
73,886 |
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$ |
54,125 |
(3) |
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Shareholders equity: |
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Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized,
none issued |
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Common stock, $0.001 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized,
6,290,100 and 20,743,456 shares issued and outstanding, actual
and as adjusted |
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6 |
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20 |
(4) |
Additional paid-in capital |
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14,104 |
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115,464 |
(5) |
Accumulated (deficit) |
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(578 |
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(578 |
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Total shareholders equity |
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$ |
13,532 |
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$ |
114,906 |
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Total capitalization |
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$ |
87,418 |
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$ |
169,031 |
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(1) |
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Shareholders loans, which were unsecured and unguaranteed, have been fully repaid in
accordance with their respective terms. |
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(2) |
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Reflects the $14.0 million outstanding balance of the loan from FS Holdings net of the
discount relating to the 700,000 warrants issued to FS Holdings in connection with, which loan
has been fully repaid in accordance with its terms. |
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(3) |
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Reflects the drawdown of $15.9 million and $5.5 million under our senior and junior loans,
respectively, to partially finance the purchase of the M/V Free Goddess on October 30, 2007.
Subsequently, according to their respective terms, the $18.4 million outstanding under the
junior loan and $30.7 million of the amount outstanding under the senior loan, relating to the
financing of the M/V Free Her, the M/V Free Goddess and the M/V Free Jupiter were repaid
with the net proceeds of the offering we completed in October 2007 and with a drawdown of
$25.2 million under our senior credit facility with Credit Suisse. The amount of the senior
loan outstanding relating to the financing of the M/V Free Jupiter will be refinanced under
our credit facility with Credit Suisse shortly. It also reflects repayment of loan
installments of $2.975 million as of February 29, 2008. |
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(4) |
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Reflects an increase of $14 in par value in common stock resulting from the issuance of 12.65
million shares in the offering completed by us in October 2007 and the issuance of 1.8 million
shares in connection with the exercise of Class W, Class Z and Class B warrants. |
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(5) |
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Reflects the addition of $6.2 million of net proceeds received in connection with the
exercise of Class B, Class W and Class Z warrants and of $95.16 million of net proceeds from
the offering we completed in October 2007. |
As of September 30, 2007, our actual cash and cash equivalents totaled $2.88 million, and
on an as adjusted basis, cash and cash equivalents would total $46.3 million, including
restricted cash of $1.5 million and after payment of $7.7 million of advances related to the
purchase of the M/V Free Impala and the M/V Free Knight.
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are a Marshall Islands company and our executive offices are located outside of the United
States of America in Piraeus, Greece. All except one of our directors, all of our officers and some
of the experts named herein reside outside the United States of America. In addition, a substantial
portion of our assets and the assets of our directors, officers and experts are located outside of
the United States of America. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the
United States of America upon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing,
both in and outside the United States of America, judgments you may obtain in United States of
America courts against us or these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil
liability provisions of United States of America federal or state securities laws. Furthermore,
there is substantial doubt that the courts of the Republic of the Marshall Islands or Greece would
enter judgments in original actions brought in those courts predicated on United States of America
federal or state securities laws.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
We have summarized below the material features of our capital stock. This summary is not a
complete discussion of our organizational documents and other instruments that create the rights of
our shareholders. We urge you to carefully read those documents and instruments. Please see Where
You Can Find Additional Information for information on how to obtain copies of those documents and
instruments.
FreeSeas authorized capital stock consists of 40,000,000 shares of common stock, par value
$0.001 per share, of which 20,743,456 shares are issued and outstanding as of February 29, 2008,
and 5,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, par value, $0.001 per share, none of which are
outstanding. All of FreeSeas shares of stock must be in registered form.
Common Stock
As of February 29, 2008, 20,743,456 shares of common stock were outstanding out of 40,000,000
shares authorized to be issued. As of February 29, 2008, 3,584,144 shares of common stock were
reserved for issuance upon the exercise of various outstanding options and warrants. Each
outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a
vote of shareholders. Subject to
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preferences that may be applicable to shares of preferred stock that may be issued in the future,
holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, declared by our board
of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. Holders of common stock do not have
conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities. All outstanding
shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of
holders of common stock are subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of preferred stock
that FreeSeas may issue in the future.
Preferred Stock
As of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of blank
check preferred stock. Our board of directors can determine the rights, designations and
preferences of the preferred stock, and authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock without
any further vote or action by our shareholders.
Other Securities
Class A Warrants
We have issued to our initial shareholders warrants to purchase an aggregate of 200,000 shares
of our common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The exercise price of the Class A
warrants will be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain corporate events such as stock dividends
or splits. The warrants will expire on July 29, 2011 and are not callable or redeemable.
Class W Warrants and Class Z Warrants
Each Class W warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of our common stock at an
exercise price of $5.00 per share (except for Class W warrants issued upon the exercise of the
underwriters purchase option described below, which have an exercise price of $5.50 per share),
and expires on July 29, 2009 or upon earlier redemption. Each Class Z warrant entitles the holder
to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share (except for Class
Z warrants issued upon the exercise of the underwriters purchase option described below, which
have an exercise price of $5.50 per share), and expires on July 29, 2011 or upon earlier redemption
(except for Class Z warrants issued upon the exercise of the underwriters purchase option
described below, which expire on July 29, 2009 or upon earlier redemption). The exercise price of
the Class Z and Class W warrants will be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain corporate events
such as stock dividends or splits. We may redeem the outstanding Class W warrants and/or Class Z
warrants in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.05 per warrant at any time after the warrants
become exercisable, upon a minimum of 30 days prior written notice of redemption to the holders of
record of the warrant, if the last sale price of our common stock equals or exceeds $7.50 per share
for a Class W warrant or $8.75 per share for a Class Z warrant for any 20 trading days within a
30-trading-day period ending three business days before we send the notice of redemption. Any Class
W or Class Z warrant either not exercised or tendered back to us by the end of the date specified
in the notice of call will be cancelled on the books of the company and will have no further value
except for the $0.05 call price.
As of February 29, 2008, we have received an aggregate of $8.7 million of net proceeds from
exercises of Class W, Class Z and Class B warrants. We issued 1,803,356 shares of common stock in
accordance with the terms of such warrants in connection with such exercises. These exercises
occurred following our registration in August 2007 of the shares underlying these warrants.
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Underwriters Unit Purchase Option
We have assumed Trinitys obligations under the unit purchase option sold to HCFP/Brenner
Securities LLC, or HCFP, the lead underwriter in Trinitys initial public offering. Under that
purchase option, HCFP has the right to purchase up to 12,500 Series A Units at a price of $17.325
per unit and up to 65,000 Series B Units at a price of $16.665 per unit. Each Series A Unit will
consist of two shares of our common stock, five Class W warrants and five Class Z warrants. Each
Series B Unit will consist of two shares of our common stock, one Class W warrant and one Class Z
warrant. The purchase option expires on July 29, 2009.
Employee Options
Pursuant to our Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, there are outstanding options
to purchase a total of 405,000 shares of our common stock. The
options generally vest at a rate of 1/3 per year. As of the date hereof, options to purchase 250,000 shares had vested. The options
entitle the holders to purchase shares of our common stock at exercise prices ranging from $5.00
per share to $8.25 per share and generally expire five years from the date of grant.
On August 14, 2007, we received a letter from counsel representing two of our former executive
officers alleging that the registration statement on Form F-3 filed by us with the SEC on August 3,
2007 misstated the number of shares beneficially owned by the two executive officers. The two
former executive officers allege that they continue to beneficially own 500,000 shares of common
stock underlying options granted to them in connection with their prior employment with us. We have
responded that we believe that these options expired unexercised pursuant to our stock option plan
and we intend to vigorously defend this position.
Other Matters
Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and By-laws
Our purpose, as stated in section 3.B. of our amended and restated articles of incorporation,
is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized
under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation and by-laws do not impose any
limitations on the ownership rights of our shareholders.
Under our by-laws, annual shareholders meetings will be held at a time and place selected by
our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands. Special
meetings may be called by the board of directors, by our chairman or by our president. Our board of
directors may set a record date between 15 and 60 days before the date of any meeting to determine
the shareholders that will be eligible to receive notice and vote at the meeting.
Directors
Our directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of the shareholders by
the holders of shares entitled to vote in the election. There is no provision for cumulative
voting. The board of directors has the authority to fix the amounts that shall be payable to the
members of our board of directors for attendance at any meeting or for services rendered to us. Our
by-laws provide, generally, that the vote to authorize a transaction by a director who has a
financial interest in such transaction, or is an officer or director of the opposite party to the
transaction, will be counted if, the material facts of the
relationship or interest have been disclosed, and the transaction is approved by the appropriate
number of our disinterested directors or by our shareholders.
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Anti-Takeover Provisions of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws
Several provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and by-laws may have
anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen our
vulnerability to a hostile change of control, and enhance the ability of our board of directors to
maximize shareholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire FreeSeas. These
anti-takeover provisions, however, could also discourage, delay or prevent (1) the merger or
acquisition of FreeSeas by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, that a
shareholder may consider in its best interest and (2) the removal of incumbent directors and
officers. These provisions are summarized below.
Blank Check Preferred Stock
Our board of directors has the authority, without any further vote or action by our
shareholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock. Our board of
directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a
change of control of FreeSeas or the removal of our management.
Classified Board of Directors
Our directors serve staggered, three-year terms. Approximately one-third of our directors are
elected each year. The classification of the directors could discourage a third party from making a
tender offer for our stock or attempting to obtain control of FreeSeas. It could also delay
shareholders who do not agree with the policies of the board of directors from removing a majority
of the board of directors for two years.
Supermajority Director Voting Requirement to Change Number of Directors
Our
board of directors may only change the size of the board by a vote of not less than 662/3%
of the directors then in office. This provision makes it more difficult to increase the number of
directors in an attempt to gain a majority of directors through the addition of more directors.
Election and Removal of Directors
Cumulative voting in the election of directors is not permitted. Our amended and restated
by-laws require parties other than the board of directors to give advance written notice of
nominations for the election of directors. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation
provide that directors may be removed only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of either
the holders of at least 662/3% of our issued and outstanding voting stock or by our board of
directors. They also require advance written notice of any proposals by shareholders to remove a
director. These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent the removal of incumbent directors
and/or officers.
Limited Actions by Shareholders
The BCA provides that any action required or permitted to be taken by our shareholders must be
done at an annual meeting or special meeting of shareholders or by the unanimous written consent of the
shareholders. Our by-laws provide that only our board of directors, the chairman or the president
may call special meetings of shareholders. The BCA provides that the business that can be
transacted at a special meeting of shareholders must be related to the purpose or purposes stated
in the notice of the meeting.
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Other Supermajority Voting Requirements
Our shareholders can make, alter, amend or repeal our by-laws only upon the affirmative vote
of 662/3% of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of
directors. The provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation with respect to
directors and our by-laws can only be amended by the affirmative vote
of 662/3% of the outstanding
shares of capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors. Such supermajority
voting requirements make these provisions more difficult to change and thus may discourage, delay
or prevent the removal of incumbent directors and/or officers.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company is the transfer agent and registrar for our common
stock.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
We may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, under one or more
indentures, each dated as of a date on or prior to the issuance of the debt securities to which it
relates. We may issue senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities pursuant to separate
indentures, a senior indenture and a subordinated indenture, respectively, in each case between us
and the trustee named in the indenture. We have filed the forms of the indentures as exhibits to a
registration statement that we have filed with the SEC, of which this prospectus is a part. See
Where You Can Find More Information for information on how to obtain copies of the indentures.
This section summarizes the material terms of our senior or subordinated debt securities that
are common to all series. Most of the financial and other terms of any series of debt securities
that we offer will be described in the prospectus supplement to be attached to the front of this
prospectus, which we will refer to as subsequent filings throughout this summary.
The senior indenture and the subordinated indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to
time, are sometimes referred to individually as an indenture and collectively as the
indentures. Each indenture will be subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act. The
aggregate principal amount of debt securities which may be issued under each indenture will be
unlimited and each indenture will contain the specific terms of any series of debt securities or
provide that those terms must be set forth in or determined pursuant to, an authorizing resolution,
as defined in the applicable prospectus supplement, and/or a supplemental indenture, if any,
relating to such series.
Our statements below relating to the debt securities and the indentures are summaries of their
anticipated provisions, are not complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by
reference to, all of the provisions of the applicable indenture and any applicable United States
federal income tax considerations as well as any applicable modifications of or additions to the general terms
described below in the applicable prospectus supplement or supplemental indenture.
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General
Each indenture will provide that the debt securities may be issued up to the aggregate
principal amount from time to time. The debt securities may be issued in one or more series. The
senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank on a parity with all of our other unsecured
and unsubordinated indebtedness. Each series of subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and
subordinated to all present and future senior indebtedness of debt securities will be described in
an accompanying prospectus supplement.
You should read the subsequent filings relating to the particular series of debt securities
for the following terms of the offered debt securities:
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the designation, aggregate principal amount and authorized denominations; |
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the issue price, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount; |
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the maturity date; |
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the interest rate per annum, if any; |
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if the offered debt securities provide for interest payments, the date from which
interest will accrue, the dates on which interest will be payable, the date on which
payment of interest will commence and the regular record dates for interest payment dates; |
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any optional or mandatory sinking fund provisions or conversion or exchangeability
provisions; |
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the date, if any, after which and the price or prices at which the offered debt
securities may be optionally redeemed or must be mandatorily redeemed and any other terms
and provisions of optional or mandatory redemptions; |
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if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the
denominations in which offered debt securities of the series will be issuable; |
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if other than the full principal amount, the portion of the principal amount of offered
debt securities of the series which will be payable upon acceleration or provable in
bankruptcy; |
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any events of default not set forth in this prospectus; |
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the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which principal, premium
and interest will be payable, if other than the currency of the United States of America; |
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if principal, premium or interest is payable, at our election or at the election of any
holder, in a currency other than that in which the offered debt securities of the series
are stated to be payable, the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions
upon which, the election may be made; |
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whether interest will be payable in cash or additional securities at our or the
holders option and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made; |
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if denominated in a currency or currencies other than the currency of the United States
of America, the equivalent price in the currency of the United States of America for
purposes of determining the voting rights of holders of those debt securities under the
applicable indenture; |
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if the amount of payments of principal, premium or interest may be determined with
reference to an index, formula or other method based on a coin or currency other than that
in which the offered debt securities of the series are stated to be payable, the manner in
which the amounts will be determined; |
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any restrictive covenants or other material terms relating to the offered debt
securities, which may not be inconsistent with the applicable indenture; |
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whether the offered debt securities will be issued in the form of global securities or
certificates in registered or bearer form; |
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any terms with respect to subordination; |
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any listing on any securities exchange or quotation system; |
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additional provisions, if any, related to defeasance and discharge of the offered debt
securities; and |
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the applicability of any guarantees. |
Unless otherwise indicated in subsequent filings with the SEC relating to the indenture,
principal, premium and interest will be payable and the debt securities will be transferable at the
corporate trust office of the applicable trustee. Unless other arrangements are made or set forth
in subsequent filings or a supplemental indenture, principal, premium and interest will be paid by
checks mailed to the holders at their registered addresses.
Unless otherwise indicated in subsequent filings with the SEC, the debt securities will be
issued only in fully registered form without coupons, in denominations of $1,000 or any integral
multiple thereof. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of the debt
securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge payable in connection with these debt securities.
Some or all of the debt securities may be issued as discounted debt securities, bearing no
interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates, to be sold at a
substantial discount below the stated principal amount. United States federal income tax
consequences and other special considerations applicable to any discounted securities will be
described in subsequent filings with the SEC relating to those securities.
We refer you to applicable subsequent filings with respect to any deletions or additions or
modifications from the description contained in this prospectus.
Senior Debt
We will issue senior debt securities under a senior debt indenture. These senior debt
securities will rank on an equal basis with all our other unsecured debt except subordinated debt.
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Subordinated Debt
We will issue subordinated debt securities under a subordinated debt indenture. Subordinated
debt will rank subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent set forth in the
subordinated debt indenture, to all our senior debt (both secured and unsecured).
In general, the holders of all senior debt are first entitled to receive payment of the full
amount unpaid on senior debt before the holders of any of the subordinated debt securities are
entitled to receive a payment on account of the principal or interest on the indebtedness evidenced
by the subordinated debt securities in certain events.
If we default in the payment of any principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on any
senior debt when it becomes due and payable after any applicable grace period, then, unless and
until the default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, we cannot make a payment on account of or
redeem or otherwise acquire the subordinated debt securities.
If there is any insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation or other similar proceeding relating to us
or our property, then all senior debt must be paid in full before any payment may be made to any
holders of subordinated debt securities.
Furthermore, if we default in the payment of the principal of and accrued interest on any
subordinated debt securities that is declared due and payable upon an event of default under the
subordinated debt indenture, holders of all our senior debt will first be entitled to receive
payment in full in cash before holders of such subordinated debt can receive any payments.
Senior debt means:
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the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other amounts owing in respect
of our indebtedness for money borrowed and indebtedness evidenced by securities, notes,
debentures, bonds or other similar instruments issued by us, including the senior debt
securities or letters of credit; |
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all capitalized lease obligations; |
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all hedging obligations; |
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all obligations representing the deferred purchase price of property; and |
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all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of obligations of the type referred to
above; |
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but senior debt does not include: |
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subordinated debt securities; and |
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any indebtedness that by its terms is subordinated to, or ranks on an equal
basis with, our subordinated debt securities. |
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Covenants
Any series of offered debt securities may have covenants in addition to or differing from
those included in the applicable indenture which will be described in subsequent filings prepared
in connection with the offering of such securities, limiting or restricting, among other things:
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the ability of us or our subsidiaries to incur either secured or unsecured debt, or both; |
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the ability to make certain payments, dividends, redemptions or repurchases; |
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our ability to create dividend and other payment restrictions affecting our subsidiaries; |
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our ability to make investments; |
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mergers and consolidations by us or our subsidiaries; |
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sales of assets by us; |
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our ability to enter into transactions with affiliates; |
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our ability to incur liens; and |
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sale and leaseback transactions. |
Modification of the Indentures
Each indenture and the rights of the respective holders may be modified by us only with the
consent of holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding
debt securities of all series under the respective indenture affected by the modification, taken
together as a class. But no modification that:
(1) changes the amount of securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or
waiver;
(2) reduces the rate of or changes the interest payment time on any security or alters its
redemption provisions (other than any alteration to any such Section which would not materially
adversely affect the legal rights of any holder under the indenture) or the price at which we are
required to offer to purchase the securities;
(3) reduces the principal or changes the maturity of any security or reduce the amount of, or
postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;
(4) waives a default or event of default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if
any, on any security (except a rescission of acceleration of the securities of any series by the
holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding securities of that series and
a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
(5) makes the principal of or interest, if any, on any security payable in any currency other
than that stated in the Security;
(6) makes any change with respect to holders rights to receive principal and interest, the
terms pursuant to which defaults can be waived, certain modifications affecting shareholders or
certain currency-related issues; or
(7) waives a redemption payment with respect to any Security or change any of the provisions
with respect to the redemption of any securities
will be effective against any holder without his consent. In addition, other terms as specified in
subsequent filings may be modified without the consent of the holders.
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Events of Default
Each indenture defines an event of default for the debt securities of any series as being any
one of the following events:
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default in any payment of interest when due which continues for 30 days; |
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default in any payment of principal or premium when due; |
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default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when due; |
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default in the performance of any covenant in the debt securities or the
applicable indenture which continues for 60 days after we receive notice of the
default; |
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default under a bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness for
borrowed money by us or our subsidiaries (to the extent we are directly responsible or
liable therefor) having a principal amount in excess of a minimum amount set forth in
the applicable subsequent filing, whether such indebtedness now exists or is hereafter
created, which default shall have resulted in such indebtedness becoming or being
declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have become due
and payable, without such acceleration having been rescinded or annulled or cured
within 30 days after we receive notice of the default; and |
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events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization. |
An event of default of one series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an event
of default with respect to any other series of debt securities.
There may be such other or different events of default as described in an applicable
subsequent filing with respect to any class or series of offered debt securities.
In case an event of default occurs and continues for the debt securities of any series, the
applicable trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt
securities then outstanding of that series may declare the principal and accrued but unpaid
interest of the debt securities of that series to be due and payable. Any event of default for the
debt securities of any series which has been cured may be waived by the holders of a majority in
aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding.
Each indenture requires us to file annually after debt securities are issued under that
indenture with the applicable trustee a written statement signed by two of our officers as to the
absence of material defaults under the terms of that indenture. Each indenture provides that the
applicable trustee may withhold notice to the holders of any default if it considers it in the
interest of the holders to do so, except notice of a default in payment of principal, premium or
interest.
Subject to the duties of the trustee in case an event of default occurs and continues, each
indenture provides that the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers
under that indenture at the request, order or direction of holders unless the holders have offered
to the trustee reasonable indemnity. Subject to these provisions for indemnification and the
rights of the trustee, each indenture provides that the holders of a majority in principal amount
of the debt securities of any series
then outstanding have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee
as long as the exercise of that right does not conflict with any law or the indenture.
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Defeasance and Discharge
The terms of each indenture provide us with the option to be discharged from any and all
obligations in respect of the debt securities issued thereunder upon the deposit with the trustee,
in trust, of money or U.S. government obligations, or both, which through the payment of interest
and principal in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay any
installment of principal, premium and interest on, and any mandatory sinking fund payments in
respect of, the debt securities on the stated maturity of the payments in accordance with the terms
of the debt securities and the indenture governing the debt securities. This right may only be
exercised if, among other things, we have received from, or there has been published by, the United
States Internal Revenue Service a ruling to the effect that such a discharge will not be deemed, or
result in, a taxable event with respect to holders. This discharge would not apply to our
obligations to register the transfer or exchange of debt securities, to replace stolen, lost or
mutilated debt securities, to maintain paying agencies and hold moneys for payment in trust.
Defeasance of Certain Covenants
The terms of the debt securities provide us with the right to omit complying with specified
covenants and that specified events of default described in a subsequent filing will not apply. In
order to exercise this right, we will be required to deposit with the trustee money or U.S.
government obligations, or both, which through the payment of interest and principal will provide
money in an amount sufficient to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on, and any mandatory
sinking fund payments in respect of, the debt securities on the stated maturity of such payments in
accordance with the terms of the debt securities and the indenture governing such debt securities.
We will also be required to deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the
deposit and related covenant defeasance should not cause the holders of such series to recognize
income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes.
A subsequent filing may further describe the provisions, if any, of any particular series of
offered debt securities permitting a discharge defeasance.
Global Securities
The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more
global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depository identified in an
applicable subsequent filing and registered in the name of the depository or a nominee for the
depository. In such a case, one or more global securities will be issued in a denomination or
aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal amount of outstanding debt
securities of the series to be represented by the global
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security or securities. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in
definitive certificated form, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the
depository for the global security to a nominee of the depository or by a nominee of the depository
to the depository or another nominee of the depository or by the depository or any nominee to a
successor depository for that series or a nominee of the successor depository and except in the
circumstances described in an applicable subsequent filing.
We expect that the following provisions will apply to depository arrangements for any portion
of a series of debt securities to be represented by a global security. Any additional or different
terms of the depository arrangement will be described in an applicable subsequent filing.
Upon the issuance of any global security, and the deposit of that global security with or on
behalf of the depository for the global security, the depository will credit, on its book-entry
registration and transfer system, the principal amounts of the debt securities represented by that
global security to the accounts of institutions that have accounts with the depository or its
nominee. The accounts to be credited will be designated by the underwriters or agents engaging in
the distribution of the debt securities or by us, if the debt securities are offered and sold
directly by us. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to
participating institutions or persons that may hold interest through such participating
institutions. Ownership of beneficial interests by participating institutions in the global
security will be shown on, and the transfer of the beneficial interests will be effected only
through, records maintained by the depository for the global security or by its nominee. Ownership
of beneficial interests in the global security by persons that hold through participating
institutions will be shown on, and the transfer of the beneficial interests within the
participating institutions will be effected only through, records maintained by those participating
institutions. The laws of some jurisdictions may require that purchasers of securities take
physical delivery of the securities in certificated form. The foregoing limitations and such laws
may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in the global securities.
So long as the depository for a global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of
that global security, the depository or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the
sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes
under the applicable indenture. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable subsequent filing and
except as specified below, owners of beneficial interests in the global security will not be
entitled to have debt securities of the series represented by the global security registered in
their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of debt securities of the
series in certificated form and will not be considered the holders thereof for any purposes under
the indenture. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in the global security must
rely on the procedures of the depository and, if such person is not a participating institution, on
the procedures of the participating institution through which the person owns its interest, to
exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture.
The depository may grant proxies and otherwise authorize participating institutions to give or
take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a
holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture. We understand that, under
existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or any owner of a beneficial
interest in the global security desires to give any notice or take any action a holder is entitled
to give or take under the applicable indenture, the depository would authorize the participating
institutions to give the notice or take the action, and participating institutions would authorize
beneficial owners owning through such participating institutions to give the notice or take the
action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners owning through them.
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Unless otherwise specified in applicable subsequent filings, payments of principal, premium
and interest on debt securities represented by global security registered in the name of a
depository or its nominee will be made by us to the depository or its nominee, as the case may be,
as the registered owner of the global security.
We expect that the depository for any debt securities represented by a global security, upon
receipt of any payment of principal, premium or interest, will credit participating institutions
accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the
principal amount of the global security as shown on the records of the depository. We also expect
that payments by participating institutions to owners of beneficial interests in the global
security held through those participating institutions will be governed by standing instructions
and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers
registered in street names, and will be the responsibility of those participating institutions.
None of us, the trustees or any agent of ours or the trustees will have any responsibility or
liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial
interests in a global security, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating
to those beneficial interests.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable subsequent filings, a global security of any
series will be exchangeable for certificated debt securities of the same series only if:
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the depository for such global securities notifies us that it is unwilling or
unable to continue as depository or such depository ceases to be a clearing agency
registered under the Exchange Act and, in either case, a successor depository is not
appointed by us within 90 days after we receive the notice or become aware of the
ineligibility; |
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we in our sole discretion determine that the global securities shall be
exchangeable for certificated debt securities; or |
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there shall have occurred and be continuing an event of default under the
applicable indenture with respect to the debt securities of that series. |
Upon any exchange, owners of beneficial interests in the global security or securities will be
entitled to physical delivery of individual debt securities in certificated form of like tenor and
terms equal in principal amount to their beneficial interests, and to have the debt securities in
certificated form registered in the names of the beneficial owners, which names are expected to be
provided by the depositorys relevant participating institutions to the applicable trustee.
In the event that the Depository Trust Company, or DTC, acts as depository for the global
securities of any series, the global securities will be issued as fully registered securities
registered in the name of Cede & Co., DTCs partnership nominee.
DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a banking
organization within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve
System, a clearing corporation within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a
clearing agency registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC
holds securities that its participating institutions deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the
settlement among participating institutions of securities transactions, such as transfers and
pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in
participating institutions accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of
securities certificates. Direct participating institutions include securities brokers and dealers,
banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other organizations. DTC is owned by a number of
its direct participating institutions and by the New York
Stock Exchange, Inc., the American Stock Exchange, Inc. and the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc. Access to the DTC system is also available to others, such as securities brokers and
dealers and banks and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with
a direct participating institution, either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and
its participating institutions are on file with the Commission.
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To facilitate subsequent transfers, the debt securities may be registered in the name of DTCs
nominee, Cede & Co. The deposit of the debt securities with DTC and their registration in the name
of Cede & Co. will effect no change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual
beneficial owners of the debt securities. DTCs records reflect only the identity of the direct
participating institutions to whose accounts debt securities are credited, which may or may not be
the beneficial owners. The participating institutions remain responsible for keeping account of
their holdings on behalf of their customers.
Delivery of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participating institutions, by
direct participating institutions to indirect participating institutions, and by direct
participating institutions and indirect participating institutions to beneficial owners of debt
securities are governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory
requirements as may be in effect.
Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. consents or votes with respect to the debt securities. Under its
usual procedures, DTC mails a proxy to the issuer as soon as possible after the record date. The
proxy assigns Cede & Co.s consenting or voting rights to those direct participating institution to
whose accounts the debt securities are credited on the record date.
If applicable, redemption notices shall be sent to Cede & Co. If less than all of the debt
securities of a series represented by global securities are being redeemed, DTCs practice is to
determine by lot the amount of the interest of each direct participating institutions in that issue
to be redeemed.
To the extent that any debt securities provide for repayment or repurchase at the option of
the holders thereof, a beneficial owner shall give notice of any option to elect to have its
interest in the global security repaid by us, through its participating institution, to the
applicable trustee, and shall effect delivery of the interest in a global security by causing the
direct participating institution to transfer the direct participating institutions interest in the
global security or securities representing the interest, on DTCs records, to the applicable
trustee. The requirement for physical delivery of debt securities in connection with a demand for
repayment or repurchase will be deemed satisfied when the ownership rights in the global security
or securities representing the debt securities are transferred by direct participating institutions
on DTCs records.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depository for the debt securities at
any time. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor securities depository is not
appointed, debt security certificates are required to be printed and delivered as described above.
We may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry transfers through the securities
depository. In that event, debt security certificates will be printed and delivered as described
above.
The information in this section concerning DTC and DTCs book-entry system has been obtained from
sources that we believe to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for its accuracy.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants to purchase our debt securities, common stock or preferred stock. We may
issue warrants independently or together with any other securities offered by any prospectus
supplement and may be attached to, or separate from, the other offered securities. Each series of
warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into by us with a warrant
agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the series of warrants and
will not assume any agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of the warrants.
The terms of any warrants to be issued and a description of the material provisions of the
applicable warrant agreement will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any warrants in
respect of which this prospectus is being delivered including, where applicable, the following:
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the title of the warrants; |
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the offering price, if any; |
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the aggregate number of warrants; |
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the designation, terms and number of shares of debt securities, common stock or
preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of such warrants; |
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the price at which each share of debt securities, common stock or preferred stock
purchasable upon exercise of such warrants may be purchased; |
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the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on
which such right shall expire; |
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if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at
any one time; |
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if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which such warrants are
issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security; |
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if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities
will be separately transferable; |
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any anti-dilution provisions; |
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; |
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if applicable, a discussion of any material United States Federal income tax considerations;
and |
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any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating
to the exchange and exercise of such warrants. |
DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS
In this section, we describe the general terms and provisions of the rights to purchase common
stock or other securities that we may offer to our shareholders. Rights may be issued independently
or together with any other offered security and may or may not be transferable by the person
purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with any rights offering to our shareholders, we
may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement with one or more underwriters or other
persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other person would purchase any offered securities
remaining unsubscribed
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for after such rights offering. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agent
agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as rights agents, that we will
name in the applicable prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in
connection with the certificates relating to the rights of the series of certificates and will not
assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of rights
certificates or beneficial owners of rights.
The prospectus supplement relating to any right we offer will include specific terms relating
to the offering, including, among others, the date of determining the shareholders entitled to the
rights distribution, the aggregated number of rights issued and the aggregate number of shares of
common stock purchasable upon exercise of the rights, the exercise price, the conditions to
completion of the offering, the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and
the date on which the right will expire and any applicable U.S. Federal income tax considerations.
To the extent that any particular terms of the rights, rights agent agreements or rights
certificates described in a prospectus supplement differ from any of the terms described herein,
the terms described herein will be deemed to have been superceded by that prospectus supplement.
Each right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase for cash the principal amount of
shares of commons tock or other securities at the exercise price set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the
expiration date for the rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of
business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights would become void and of no further force
or effect.
Holders may exercise rights as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Upon receipt
of payment and the rights certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust
office of the rights agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as
soon as practicable, forward the shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of the rights. If
less than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any
unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than shareholders, to or through agents,
underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby
arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The description in the applicable prospectus supplement and other offering material of any
rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference
to the applicable rights agent agreement, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer rights. For
more information on how you can obtain copies of the applicable rights agent agreement if we offer
rights, see Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference and Where You can Find More
Information. We urge you to read the applicable rights agent agreement and the applicable
prospectus supplement and any other offering material in their entirety.
DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS
In this section, we describe the general terms and provisions of the purchase contracts that
we may offer. The specific terms of any purchase contracts will be described in one or more
prospectus supplements relating to those purchase contracts and other offering materials we may
provide.
The purchase contracts will represent contracts obligating holders to purchase from or sell to
us, and obligating us to purchase from or sell to the holders, a specified or variable number of
our debt securities, shares of our common stock, warrants or securities of any entity unaffiliated
with us, or any combination of the above, at a future date or dates. The price of the securities or
other property subject to the purchase contracts may be fixed at the time the purchase contracts
are entered into or may be determined by reference to a specific formula contained in the purchase
contracts. Any purchase contract
may include anti-dilution provisions to adjust the number of shares to be delivered pursuant to
such purchase contract upon the occurrence of certain events. We may issue the purchase contracts
in such amounts and in as many distinct series as we wish.
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The purchase contracts may be entered into separately or as a part of units consisting of a
purchase contract and one or more of our other securities described in this prospectus or
securities of third parties, including U.S. Treasury securities, securing the holders obligations
under the purchase contract. The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to
holders of the purchase contracts, or vice versa, and such payments may be unsecured or prefunded
and may be paid on a current or on a deferred basis. The purchase contracts may require holders to
secure their obligations under those contracts in a manner specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
The prospectus supplement relating to the purchase contracts we may offer will include
specific terms relating to the offering, including, among others, whether the purchase contract
obligate the holder to purchase or sell, or both purchase and sell, our securities and the nature
and amount of each of those securities, or the method of determining those amounts; whether the
purchase contracts are to be prepaid, settled by delivery or by reference or linkage to the value,
performance or level of our securities; any acceleration, cancellation, termination or other
provisions relating to the settlement of the purchase contracts; and whether the purchase contracts
will be issued in fully registered or global form.
The description in the applicable prospectus supplement and other offering material of any
purchase contracts we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety
by reference to the applicable purchase contract, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer
purchase contracts, see Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference and Where You can Find
More Information. We urge you to red the applicable purchase contract and the applicable
prospectus supplement and any other offering material in their entirety.
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of one or
more warrants, debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, rights, purchase contracts or any
combination of such securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:
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the terms of the units and of the warrants, debt securities, preferred stock
and common stock comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances
the securities comprising the units may be traded separately; |
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a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units; and |
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a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or
exchange or the units. |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell or distribute the securities included in this prospectus and the selling
shareholders may sell our common shares through underwriters, through agents, to dealers, in
private transactions, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the
prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices. We and each of our executive officers and
directors and certain shareholders executed lock up agreements with respect to our common stock and
securities convertible into, or exercisable for, common stock in connection with the public
offering we completed in October 2007. Neither we nor any of our executive officers, directors or
shareholders, which executed such lock up agreements, will sell or offer to sell any common stock
or securities
convertible into, or exersizable for, common stock under this prospectus or any prospectus
supplement until April 22, 2008.
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In addition, we or the selling shareholders may sell some or all of our common shares
included in this prospectus through:
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a block trade in which a broker-dealer may resell a portion of the block, as
principal, in order to facilitate the transaction; |
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purchases by a broker-dealer, as principal, and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;
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ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker solicits purchasers. |
In addition, we or the selling shareholders may enter into option or other types of
transactions that require us or them to deliver common shares to a broker-dealer, who will then
resell or transfer the common shares under this prospectus. We may enter into hedging transactions
with respect to our securities. For example, we may:
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enter into transactions involving short sales of the common shares by broker-dealers; |
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sell common shares short themselves and deliver the shares to close out short positions; |
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enter into option or other types of transactions that require us to deliver
common shares to a broker-dealer, who will then resell or transfer the common shares
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loan or pledge the common shares to a broker-dealer, who may
sell the loaned shares or, in the event of default, sell the pledged shares. |
If underwriters are used in an offering of offered securities, such offered securities will be
acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or
more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at
varying prices determined at the time of sale. The securities may be either offered to the public
through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or by one or more
underwriters without a syndicate. Unless otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the
underwriters will not be obligated to purchase offered securities unless specified conditions are
satisfied, and if the underwriters do purchase any offered securities, they will purchase all
offered securities.
In connection with underwritten offerings of the offered securities and in accordance with
applicable law and industry practice, underwriters may over-allot or effect transactions that
stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the offered securities at levels above
those that might otherwise prevail in the open market, including by entering stabilizing bids,
effecting syndicate covering transactions or imposing penalty bids, each of which is described
below.
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A stabilizing bid means the placing of any bid, or the effecting of any purchase,
for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of a security. |
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A syndicate covering transaction means the placing of any bid on behalf of the
underwriting syndicate or the effecting of any purchase to reduce a short position
created in connection with the offering. |
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A penalty bid means an arrangement that permits the managing underwriter to reclaim
a selling concession from a syndicate member in connection with the offering when
offered securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in syndicate
covering transactions. |
These transactions may be effected on an exchange or automated quotation system, if the
securities are listed on that exchange or admitted for trading on that automated quotation system,
or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
We or the selling shareholders may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or
sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated
transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those
derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable
prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use
securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any
related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those
derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale
transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified
in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we or the
selling shareholders may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other
third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial
institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our
securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.
Any broker-dealers or other persons acting on our behalf or the behalf of the selling
shareholders that participates with us or the selling shareholders in the distribution of the
securities may be deemed to be underwriters and any commissions received or profit realized by them
on the resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. As of the date of this prospectus,
we are not a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding between any broker or dealer and
us with respect to the offer or sale of the securities pursuant to this prospectus.
At the time that any particular offering of securities is made, to the extent required by the
Securities Act, a prospectus supplement will be distributed, setting forth the terms of the
offering, including the aggregate number of securities being offered, the purchase price of the
securities, the initial offering price of the securities, the names of any underwriters, dealers or
agents, any discounts, commissions and other items constituting compensation from us and any
discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers and the names of the
selling shareholders.
Underwriters or agents could make sales in privately negotiated transactions and/or any other
method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an at the market offering as defined in
Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, which includes sales made directly on or through the
NASDAQ Global Market, the existing trading market for our common shares, or sales made to or
through a market maker other than on an exchange.
Each series of offered securities, other than our common shares which are listed on the NASDAQ
Global Market, will be a new issue of securities and will have no established trading market. Any
underwriters to whom offered securities are sold for public offering and sale may make a market in
such offered securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue
any market making at any time without notice. The offered securities may or may not be listed on a
national securities exchange. No assurance can be given that there will be a market for the
offered securities.
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One or more firms, referred to as remarketing firms, may also offer or sell the securities,
if the prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with a remarketing arrangement upon their
purchase. Remarketing firms will act as principals for their own accounts or as agents for us.
These remarketing firms will offer or sell the securities in accordance with a redemption or
repayment pursuant to the terms of the securities. The prospectus supplement will identify any
remarketing firm and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us or a selling shareholder and will
describe the remarketing firms compensation. Remarketing firms may be deemed to be underwriters
in connection with the securities they remarket. Remarketing firms may be entitled under
agreements that may be entered into with us or a selling shareholder to indemnification by us
against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, and may
be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us or a selling shareholder in
the ordinary course of business.
Underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms may be entitled, under agreements with us
or a selling shareholder, to indemnification by us or a selling shareholder against certain civil
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933 relating to material
misstatements and omissions, or to contribution with respect to payments which the underwriters,
dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof. Underwriters, dealers, agents and
remarketing firms may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us and
our affiliates or a selling shareholder in the ordinary course of business.
We will bear costs relating to all of the securities being registered under this Registration
Statement.
Pursuant to a requirement by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the
maximum commission or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker/dealer may
not be greater than eight percent (8%) of the gross proceeds received by the offeror for the sale
of any securities being registered pursuant to SEC Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
LEGAL MATTERS
The legality of the shares of FreeSeas being offered hereby is being passed upon for FreeSeas
by Reeder Simpson, P.C., special Marshall Islands counsel for FreeSeas. Broad and Cassel, Miami,
Florida, a general partnership including professional associations, is acting as counsel to
FreeSeas in connection with United States securities laws.
EXPERTS
The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on
form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2006 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report
of PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the
authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement on Form F-3 with the SEC in connection with this
offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration
statement, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Each statement made in this
prospectus concerning a document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement is qualified by
reference to that exhibit for a complete statement of its provisions.
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We also file annual and others reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and
copy any report or document we file, and the registration statement, including the exhibits, may be
inspected at the SECs public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. Our SEC
filings are also available to the public from the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov.
Quotations for the prices of our common stock and warrants currently appear on the NASDAQ
Global Market. Reports and other information about us can be inspected at the offices of the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act,
prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders, but, will be required
to furnish those proxy statements to shareholders under NASDAQ rules. Those proxy statements are
not expected to conform to Schedule 14A of the proxy rules promulgated under the Exchange Act. In
addition, as a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act
relating to short swing profit reporting and liability.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
We are incorporating by reference the documents listed below that we have filed with the SEC,
which means we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The
information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus. We incorporate
by reference:
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our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006; and |
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our report on Form 6-K filed on December 10, 2007, which contains the unaudited financial
statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. |
We are also incorporating by reference all subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F that we file
with the SEC and certain reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the SEC after the date of this
prospectus (if they state that they are incorporated by reference into this prospectus) until we
file a post-effective amendment indicating that the offering of the securities made by this
prospectus has been terminated. In all cases, you should rely on the later information over
different information included in this prospectus or the prospectus supplement.
Information that we file later with the SEC and that is incorporated by reference in this
prospectus will automatically update and supersede information contained in this prospectus as if
that information were included in this prospectus.
You may request a copy of these filings without charge by writing or telephoning our Secretary
at the following address or phone number:
FreeSeas Inc.
89 Akti Miaouli & 4 Mavrokordatou Street
185 38, Piraeus, Greece
Tel.: 011-30-210-452-8770
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GLOSSARY OF SHIPPING TERMS
The following are definitions of certain terms that are commonly used in the shipping
industry and in this prospectus.
Annual survey. The inspection of a vessel pursuant to international conventions, by a
classification society surveyor, on behalf of the flag state, that takes place every year.
Available days. The number of ownership days less the aggregate number of days that a vessel
is off-hire due to major repairs, dry-dockings or special and/or intermediate surveys. The shipping
industry uses available days to measure the number of days in a period during which vessels are
actually able to generate revenues.
Ballast. A substance, usually water, used to improve the stability and control the draft of a
ship.
Bareboat charter. A charter of a vessel under which the shipowner is usually paid a fixed
daily or monthly rate for a certain period of time during which the charterer is responsible for
the vessel operating expenses and voyage expenses of the vessel and for the management of the
vessel, including crewing. A bareboat charter is also known as a demise charter or a time
charter by demise.
Bunkers. Heavy fuel oil and diesel oil used to power a vessels engines, generators and
boilers.
Calendar days. The total number of days in a period during which each vessel in a fleet was
in the owners possession, including off-hire days associated with major repairs, dry-dockings or
special or intermediate surveys. Calendar days are an indicator of the size of the fleet over a
period and affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses recorded during that
period. (Also referred to as owned days.)
Capesize. A drybulk carrier with a cargo-carrying capacity exceeding 80,000 dwt. These
vessels generally operate along long-haul iron ore and coal trade routes. Only the largest ports
around the world possess the infrastructure to accommodate vessels of this size.
Charter. The hire of a vessel for a specified period of time or to carry cargo for a fixed
fee from a loading port to a discharging port. The contract for a charter is commonly called a
charterparty.
Charter rate. The amount of money agreed between the charterer and the shipowner accrued on a
daily or monthly basis that is used to calculate the vessels hire.
Charterer. The party that hires a vessel pursuant to a Charter.
Classification society. An independent society that certifies that a vessel has been built
and maintained according to the societys rules for that type of vessel and complies with the
applicable rules and regulations of the country of the vessels registry and the international
conventions of which that country is a member. A vessel that receives its certification is referred
to as being in-class as of the date of issuance.
Clubs. Clubs are formed by ship-owners to provide liability insurance protection against a
large financial loss by one member by contribution towards that loss by all members. To a great
extent, the risks are reinsured.
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Deadweight ton or dwt. A unit of a vessels capacity for cargo, fuel oil, stores and crew,
measured in metric tons of 1,000 kilograms. A vessels dwt or total deadweight is the total weight
the vessel can carry when loaded to a particular load line.
Demurrage. The delaying of a ship caused by a voyage charterers failure to take on or
discharge its cargo before the time of scheduled departure. The term is also used to describe the
payment owed by the voyage charterer for such a delay.
Drybulk. Non-liquid cargoes of commodities shipped in an unpackaged state, such as coal, iron
ore and grain, etc. that is loaded in bulk and not in bags, packages or containers.
Drybulk carriers. Vessels designed and built to carry large volume bulk cargo.
Dry-docking. The removal of a vessel from the water for inspection and/or repair of those
parts of a vessel which are below the water line. During dry-dockings, which are required to be
carried out periodically, certain mandatory classification society inspections are carried out and
relevant certifications are issued. Dry-dockings are generally required once every 30 to 60 months,
one of which must be a Special Survey.
Fleet utilization. Calculated by dividing the number of operating days during a period by the
number of ownership days during that period. The shipping industry uses fleet utilization to
measure a companys efficiency in finding suitable employment for its vessels and minimizing the
amount of days that its vessels are off-hire for any reason including scheduled repairs, vessel
upgrades, dry-dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
Freight. Hire paid under a voyage charter. Such payments are usually made on a lump-sum basis
upon loading or discharging the cargo and are the product of the number of cargo tons loaded or
discharged times the cost per ton stated in the charterparty to transport the cargo between these
specific ports.
Gross ton. A unit of volume measurement for the total enclosed space within a vessel equal to
100 cubic feet or 2.831 cubic meters used in arriving at calculation of gross tonnage.
Handymax. Handymax vessels are drybulk vessels that have a cargo carrying capacity of
approximately 40,000 to 59,999 dwt. These vessels operate on a large number of geographically
dispersed global trade routes, carrying primarily grains and minor bulks. Vessels below 60,000 dwt
are usually built with on-board cranes enabling them to load and discharge cargo in countries and
ports with limited infrastructure.
Handysize. Handysize vessels have a cargo carrying capacity of approximately 10,000 to 39,999
dwt. These vessels carry exclusively minor bulk cargo. Increasingly, these vessels are operating on
regional trading routes. Handysize vessels are well suited for small ports with length and draft
restrictions that may lack the infrastructure for cargo loading and unloading.
Hire. Money paid to the shipowner by a charterer for the use of a vessel under charter. Such
payments are usually made during the course of the charter every 15 or 30 days in advance or in
arrears by multiplying the daily charter rate times the number of days and, under a time charter
only, subtracting any time the vessel was deemed to be off-hire. Under a bareboat charter, such
payments are usually made monthly and are calculated on a 360 or 365 calendar year basis. Hire paid
under a voyage charter is also known as freight.
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Hull. Shell or body of a ship.
IMO. International Maritime Organization, a United Nations agency that issues international
standards for seaborne transportation.
Intermediate survey. The inspection of a vessel by a classification society surveyor that
takes place between two and three years before and after each Special Survey for such vessel
pursuant to the rules of international conventions and classification societies.
ISM Code. The International Management Code for the Safe Operations and for Pollution
Prevention, as adopted by the International Maritime Organization.
Lightweight ton or lwt. The actual weight of a vessel without cargo, fuel or stores. A
vessels lightweight is the physical weight of the vessel and represents the amount of steel
recoverable in the vessel. The value of a vessel to a breaker is determined by multiplying the
vessels lightweight by the price of scrap steel.
Metric ton. A unit of weight equal to 1,000 kilograms.
Newbuilding. A new vessel under construction or just completed.
Off-hire. The period a vessel is unable to perform the services for which it is required
under a charter. Off-hire periods typically include days spent undergoing repairs and dry-docking,
whether or not scheduled.
OPA. The United States of America Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (as amended).
Operating days. Operating days are the number of available days in a period less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to any reason, including unforeseen
circumstances. The shipping industry uses operating days to measure the aggregate number of days in
a period during which vessels actually generate revenues.
Orderbook. The orderbook refers to the total number of currently placed orders for the
construction of vessels or a specific type of vessel worldwide.
Ownership days. The total number of calendar days in a period during which each vessel in a
fleet was owned by its owner. Ownership days are an indicator of the size of the fleet over a
period and affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses that are recorded during
that period.
Panamax. Panamax vessels have a cargo carrying capacity of approximately 60,000 to 79,999 dwt
of maximum length, depth and draft capable of passing fully loaded through the Panama Canal. The
ability of Panamax vessels to pass through the Panama Canal makes them more versatile than larger
vessels. Panamax drybulk carriers carry coal, grains, and, to a lesser extent, minor bulks,
including steel products, forest products and fertilizers.
Period charter. A period charter is an industry term referring to both time and bareboat
charters that last for more than a single voyage.
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Pools. Pooling arrangements that enable participating vessels to combine their revenues.
Vessels may be employed either exclusively in spot charters or a combination of spot and period
charters. Pools are administered by the pool manager who secures employment for the participating
vessels. The contract
between a vessel in a shipping pool and the pool manager is a period charter where the charter
hire is based on the vessels corresponding share of the income generated by all the vessels that
participate in the pool. The corresponding share of every vessel in the pool is based on a
pre-determined formula rating the technical specifications of each vessel. Pools have the size and
scope to combine spot market voyages and time charters with freight forward agreements for hedging
purposes to perform more efficient vessel scheduling thereby increasing fleet utilization.
Protection and indemnity (or P&I) insurance. Insurance obtained through mutual associations
(called Clubs). Clubs are formed by shipowners to provide liability indemnification protection
against a large financial loss by one member by contribution towards that loss by all members. To a
great extent, the risks are reinsured.
Scrapping. The disposal of old or damaged vessel tonnage by way of sale as scrap metal.
Single-hull. A hull construction design in which a vessel has only one hull.
SOLAS. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, as amended, adopted
under the auspices of the IMO.
Special survey. An extensive inspection of a vessel by a classification society surveyor that
takes place every five years, as part of the recertification of the vessel by a classification
society. Special surveys require a vessel to be dry-docked.
Spot charter. A charter under which a shipowner is paid freight on the basis of moving cargo
from a loading port to a discharging port. The shipowner is responsible for paying both vessel
operating expenses and voyage expenses. Typically, the charterer is responsible for any delay at
the loading or discharging ports.
Spot market. The market for immediate chartering of a vessel, usually for single voyages.
TCE. Time charter equivalent, a standard industry measure of the average daily revenue
performance of a vessel. The TCE rate achieved on a given voyage is expressed in dollars per day
and is generally calculated by subtracting voyage expenses including bunkers and port charges, from
voyage revenues and dividing the net amount (time charter equivalent revenues) by the operating
days, including the trip to the loading port. TCE is a standard seaborne transportation industry
performance measure used primarily to compare period-to-period changes in a seaborne transportation
companys performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e., spot charters, time
charters and bareboat charters) under which the vessels may be employed during specific period.
Time charter. A time charter is a contract for the use of a vessel for a specific period of
time during which the charterer pays substantially all of the voyage expenses, including port
costs, canal charges and bunkers expenses. The vessel owner pays the vessel operating expenses,
which include crew wages, insurance, technical maintenance costs, spares, stores and supplies and
commissions on gross voyage revenues. Time charter rates are usually fixed during the term of the
charter. Prevailing time charter rates fluctuate on a seasonal and year-to-year basis and may be
substantially higher or lower from a prior time charter agreement when the subject vessel is
seeking to renew the time charter agreement with the existing charterer or enter into a new time
charter agreement with another charterer. Fluctuation in time charter rates are influenced by
changes in spot charter rates.
Ton. See Metric ton.
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Time charter trip. A time charter trip is a short-term time charter where the vessel performs
a single voyage between load port(s) and discharge port(s) and the charterer pays a fixed daily
hire rate usually on a semi-monthly basis for use of the vessel. The difference between a time
charter trip and a voyage charter is only in the form of payment for use of the vessel and the
respective financial responsibilities of the charterer and shipowner, as described under Time
charter and Voyage charter.
Vessel operating expenses. The costs of operating a vessel that is incurred during a charter,
primarily consisting of crew wages and associated costs, insurance premiums, management fees,
lubricants and spare parts, and repair and maintenance costs. Vessel operating expenses exclude
fuel costs, port expenses, agents fees, canal dues and extra war risk insurance, as well as
commissions, which are included in voyage expenses. For a time charter, the shipowner pays vessel
operating expenses. For a bareboat charter, the charterer pays vessel operating expenses.
Voyage charter. A voyage charter is an agreement to charter the vessel for an agreed per-ton
amount of freight from specified loading port(s) to specified discharge ports. In contrast to a
time charter, the vessel owner is required to pay substantially all of the voyage expenses,
including port costs, canal charges and bunkers expenses, in addition to the vessel operating
expenses.
Voyage days. The total number of available days less the aggregate number of days that
vessels are off-hire due to any reason, including unforeseen circumstances other than off-hire days
associated with major repairs, dry-dockings or special or intermediate surveys. The shipping
industry uses voyage days to measure the number of days in a period during which vessels actually
generate revenues.
Voyage expenses. Expenses incurred due to a vessels traveling from a loading port to a
discharging port, such as fuel (bunker) cost, port expenses, agents fees, canal dues and extra war
risk insurance, as well as commissions.
57
PART II
Information Not Required in Prospectus
Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the various expenses to be incurred by us in connection with
the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered hereby. All expenses of the
offering, other than underwriting fees, discounts and commissions incurred by the selling
shareholders, will be paid by us. All amounts are estimated except the Securities and Exchange
Commission registration fee.
|
|
|
|
|
SEC registration fee |
|
$ |
|
|
Printing expenses |
|
|
|
|
Legal fees and expenses |
|
|
|
|
NASDAQ listing fees |
|
|
|
|
FINRA filing fee |
|
|
|
|
Accounting fees and expenses |
|
|
|
|
Transfer agent fees |
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item 8: Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant provide that any person who is or was a
director or officer of the Registrant, or is or was serving at the request of the Registrant as a
director or officer of another, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be
entitled to be indemnified by the Registrant upon the same terms, under the same conditions, and to
the same extent as authorized by Section 60 of the Business Corporations Act (Part I of the
Associations Law) of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, if he acted in good faith and in a
manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Registrant, and,
with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct
was unlawful.
Section 60 of the Business Corporations Act (Part I of the Associations Law) of the Republic
of the Marshall Islands provides as follows:
Indemnification of directors and officers.
(1) Actions not by or in right of the corporation. A corporation shall have power to
indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened,
pending or completed action, suit or proceeding whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact
that he is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of
the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust
or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys fees), judgments, fines and amounts
paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or
proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding,
had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or
proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of no contest, or its
equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith
and in a
manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to
believe that his conduct was unlawful.
II-1
(2) Actions by or in right of the corporation. A corporation shall have the power to
indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened,
pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure judgment in
its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is
or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys fees)
actually and reasonably incurred by him or in connection with the defense or settlement of such
action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made
in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be
liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duty to the corporation unless and
only to the extent that the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon
application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the
case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court
shall deem proper.
(3) When director or officer is successful. To the extent that director or officer of a
corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or
proceeding referred to in subsections (1) or (2) of this section, or in the defense of a claim,
issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys fees)
actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith.
(4) Payment of expenses in advance. Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal
action, suit or proceeding may be paid in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or
proceeding as authorized by the board of directors in the specific case upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately
be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this
section.
(5) Indemnification pursuant to other rights. The indemnification and advancement of expenses
provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other subsections of this section shall not be deemed
exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may
be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or
otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while
holding such office.
(6) Continuation of indemnification. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided
by, or granted pursuant to, this section shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or
ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and
shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
(7) Insurance. A corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of
any person who is or was a director or officer of the corporation or is or was serving at the
request of the corporation as a director or officer against any liability asserted against him and
incurred by him in such capacity whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify
him against such liability under the provisions of this section.
II-2
Item 9: Exhibits
a. Exhibits
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
|
No. |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Where Filed |
|
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement
|
|
To be filed, if
necessary, subsequent
to the effectiveness
of this registration
statement by an
amendment to this
registration
statement or
incorporated by
reference pursuant to
a report on Form 6-K
in connection with
the offering of
securities |
3.1
|
|
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of FreeSeas Inc.
(formerly known as Adventure Holdings S.A.)
|
|
Exhibit 3.1 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-1
(File No. 333-124825)
filed on May 11, 2005
and incorporated
herein by reference |
3.2
|
|
Amended and Restated By-Laws of FreeSeas Inc. (formerly known as
Adventure Holdings S.A.)
|
|
Exhibit 3.2 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-1
(File No. 333-124825)
filed on May 11, 2005
and incorporated
herein by reference |
3.3
|
|
First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of FreeSeas
Inc.
|
|
Exhibit 3.3 to
Amendment No. 1 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form
F-1(File No.
333-145203) filed on
October 15, 2007 and
incorporated herein
be reference |
4.1
|
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate
|
|
Exhibit 4.1 to
Amendment No. 1 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-1
(File No. 333-124825)
filed on July 22,
2005 and incorporated
herein by reference |
4.2
|
|
Form of Class A Warrant
|
|
Exhibit 4.2 to
Amendment No. 1 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-1
(File No. 333-124825)
filed on July 22,
2005 and incorporated
herein by reference |
4.3
|
|
Warrant dated as of May 8, 2007 issued to FS Holdings Limited
|
|
Exhibit 4.3 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-3
filed on August 3,
2007 and incorporated
herein by reference |
4.4
|
|
Warrant dated as of June 22, 2007 issued to FS Holdings Limited
|
|
Exhibit 4.4 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-3
filed on August 3,
2007 and incorporated
herein by reference |
4.5
|
|
Form of Class W Warrant
|
|
Exhibit 4.3 to
Amendment No. 1 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-1
(File No. 333-124825)
filed on July 22,
2005 and incorporated
herein by reference |
4.6
|
|
Form of Class Z Warrant
|
|
Exhibit 4.4 to
Amendment No. 1 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-1
(File No. 333-124825)
filed on July 22,
2005 and incorporated
herein by reference |
4.7
|
|
Warrant Clarification Agreement dated May 10, 2007 between
FreeSeas Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company
|
|
Exhibit 4.27 to
Registrants Annual
Report on Form 20-F
for the year ended
December 31, 2006 and
incorporated herein
by reference |
II-3
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
|
No. |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Where Filed |
|
|
|
|
|
4.8
|
|
Form of Management Stock Option Agreement
|
|
Exhibit 4.5 to
Amendment No. 2 to
Registrants
Registration
Statement on Form F-1
(File No. 333-124825)
filed on October 11,
2005 and incorporated
herein by reference |
4.9
|
|
Form of Senior Indenture
|
|
Filed herewith. |
4.10
|
|
Form of Subordinated Indenture
|
|
Filed herewith. |
4.11
|
|
Form of Senior Note
|
|
To be filed, if
necessary, subsequent
to the effectiveness
of this registration
statement by an
amendment to this
registration
statement or
incorporated by
reference pursuant to
a report on Form 6-K
in connection with
the offering of
securities |
4.12
|
|
Form of Subordinated Note
|
|
To be filed, if
necessary, subsequent
to the effectiveness
of this registration
statement by an
amendment to this
registration
statement or
incorporated by
reference pursuant to
a report on Form 6-K
in connection with
the offering of
securities |
4.13
|
|
Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement
|
|
To be filed, if
necessary, subsequent
to the effectiveness
of this registration
statement by an
amendment to this
registration
statement or
incorporated by
reference pursuant to
a report on Form 6-K
in connection with
the offering of
securities |
4.14
|
|
Form of Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement
|
|
To be filed, if
necessary, subsequent
to the effectiveness
of this registration
statement by an
amendment to this
registration
statement or
incorporated by
reference pursuant to
a report on Form 6-K
in connection with
the offering of
securities |
4.15
|
|
Form of Debt Warrant
|
|
To be filed, if
necessary, subsequent
to the effectiveness
of this registration
statement by an
amendment to this
registration
statement or
incorporated by
reference pursuant to
a report on Form 6-K
in connection with
the offering of
securities |
5.1
|
|
Opinion of Reeder & Simpson P.C., Marshall Islands counsel to
the Registrant, as to the validity of the shares of common stock
|
|
To be filed, if
necessary, subsequent
to the effectiveness
of this registration
statement by an
amendment to this
registration
statement or
incorporated by
reference pursuant to
a report on Form 6-K
in connection with
the offering of
securities |
12.1
|
|
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to
Fixed Charges
|
|
Filed herewith. |
21.1
|
|
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
|
|
Exhibit 21.1 to Amendment No. 1 to Registrants
Registration Statement on Form F-1(File No.
333-145203) filed on October 15, 2007 and
incorporated herein be reference |
23.1
|
|
Consent of Reeder & Simpson P.C.
|
|
Included in its opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1 |
23.2
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers S.A.
|
|
Filed herewith |
24.1
|
|
Power of Attorney
|
|
Included on signature page of the registration
statement |
II-4
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
|
No. |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Where Filed |
|
|
|
|
|
25.1
|
|
Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility
|
|
To be filed, if necessary, subsequent to the
effectiveness of this registration statement by
an amendment to this registration statement or
incorporated by reference pursuant to a report on
Form 6-K in connection with the offering of
securities |
|
b. |
|
Financial Statement Schedules |
Item 10. Undertakings.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
|
(1) |
|
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective
amendment to this registration statement, |
|
(i) |
|
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; |
|
|
(ii) |
|
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after
the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate,
represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration
statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume
of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would
not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high
end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of
prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the
aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent
change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the Calculation of
Registration Fee table in the effective registration statement. |
|
|
(iii) |
|
To include any material information with respect to the plan
of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any
material change to such information in the registration statement. |
Paragraphs 1(i), 1(ii) and 1(iii) above, do not apply if the information required to be included in
a post-effective amendment is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the
registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are
incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement or is contained in a form of prospectus
filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of this Registration Statement,
|
(2) |
|
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of
such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof. |
II-5
|
(3) |
|
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the
securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
|
|
(4) |
|
To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any
financial statements required by Item 8.A. of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed
offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information
otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act need not be furnished, provided, that
the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment,
financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information
necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current
as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect
to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to
include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933 or Rule 3-19 of this chapter if such financial statements and
information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission
by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Form F-3. |
|
|
(5) |
|
Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be
deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the date the filed prospectus
was deemed part of and included in this Registration Statement. |
|
|
(6) |
|
Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or
(b)(7) as part of this Registration Statement for the purpose of providing the
information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to
be part of and included in this Registration Statement as of the earlier of the date
such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first
contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As
provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at
that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the
registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to
which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no
statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by
reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to
such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the
registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or
made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
|
|
(7) |
|
The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities
of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless of
the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities
are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications,
the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to
offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
|
(i) |
|
Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned
registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
II-6
|
(ii) |
|
Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared
by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the
undersigned registrant; |
|
|
(iii) |
|
The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to
the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant
or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
|
|
(iv) |
|
Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made
by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
|
(8) |
|
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining
any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrants annual
report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and,
where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plans annual report pursuant to
Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference
in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
|
|
(9) |
|
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be
delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given,
the latest annual report, to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the
prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule
14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim financial
information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X is not set forth in
the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the
prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically
incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such interim financial
information. |
|
|
(10) |
|
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the
purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of
Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules an regulations
prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act. |
II-7
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it
has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and
has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Piraeus, Country of Greece on March 25, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
FREESEAS INC.
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Ion G. Varouxakis
|
|
|
|
Ion G. Varouxakis, |
|
|
|
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive
Officer and President |
|
|
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes
and appoints each Ion G. Varouxakis and Dimitris D. Papadopoulos his or her true and lawful
attorney-in-fact and agent, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and
in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments
(including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with
all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and
perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents
and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that
said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has
been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
Signatures |
|
Title |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Ion G. Varouxakis
Ion G. Varouxakis |
|
Chairman of the Board, Chief
Executive Officer and President
(Principal executive officer)
|
|
March 25, 2008 |
/s/ Dimitris D. Papadopoulos
Dimitris D. Papadopoulos |
|
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal financial and accounting
officer)
|
|
March 25, 2008 |
/s/ Kostas Koutsoubelis
Kostas Koutsoubelis |
|
Vice President, Treasurer and Director
|
|
March 25, 2008 |
/s/ Matthew McCleery
Matthew McCleery |
|
Director
|
|
March 25, 2008 |
Focko Nauta |
|
Director
|
|
_____, 2008 |
/s/ Dimitrios Panagiotopoulos
Dimitrios Panagiotopoulos |
|
Director
|
|
March 26, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorized U.S. Representative: |
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ A. Jeffry Robinson |
|
|
|
Name: |
A. Jeffry Robinson |
|
|
|
Title: |
President |
|
|
March 26, 2008 |