Document


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-Q
 
 

x    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016

o    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                    to        
Commission file number: 001-36355
Aerohive Networks, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
 
 
20-4524700
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
 
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 

1011 McCarthy Boulevard
Milpitas, California 95035
(408) 510-6100
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer   ¨
 
Accelerated filer   x
Non-accelerated filer   ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o    No  x
The number of shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding as of August 1, 2016 was 50,599,217.





TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
 

The Aerohive Networks design logo and the marks “Aerohive®,” “HiveManager®” and “HiveOS®” are the property of Aerohive Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains additional trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies.


1



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.    CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AEROHIVE NETWORKS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
ASSETS
 
 
(As Adjusted)*
CURRENT ASSETS:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
39,337

 
$
45,741

Short-term investments
39,642

 
46,593

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $34 and $15 as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively
29,493

 
22,824

Inventories, net
14,652

 
10,775

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
12,399

 
7,613

Deferred cost of goods sold
441

 
757

Total current assets
135,964

 
134,303

Property and equipment, net
9,929

 
9,156

Goodwill
513

 
513

Other assets
5,382

 
3,680

Total assets
$
151,788

 
$
147,652

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
17,085

 
$
15,140

Accrued liabilities
16,878

 
11,856

Debt, current
20,000

 

Deferred revenue, current
29,792

 
27,893

Total current liabilities
83,755

 
54,889

Debt, non-current

 
20,000

Deferred revenue, non-current
33,607

 
31,369

Other liabilities
1,747

 
463

Total liabilities
119,109

 
106,721

Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, par value of $0.001 per share - 25,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015; no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015

 

Common stock, par value of $0.001 per share - 500,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015; 50,570,502 and 49,017,293 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively
51

 
49

Additional paid–in capital
244,340

 
231,289

Treasury stock - 261,515 shares as of June 30, 2016
(1,451
)
 

Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)
20

 
(61
)
Accumulated deficit
(210,281
)
 
(190,346
)
Total stockholders’ equity
32,679

 
40,931

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
151,788

 
$
147,652

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
 
 
 
* Certain amounts have been adjusted for the retrospective changes in accounting policy for sales commissions (See Note 1).


2



AEROHIVE NETWORKS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue:
 
 
(As Adjusted)*
 
 
 
(As Adjusted)*
Product
$
39,536

 
$
30,751

 
$
71,992

 
$
51,231

Software subscription and services
8,095

 
6,085

 
15,767

 
11,422

Total revenue
47,631

 
36,836

 
87,759

 
62,653

Cost of revenue (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
12,413

 
9,619

 
22,852

 
16,427

Software subscription and services
3,050

 
2,526

 
5,953

 
4,354

Total cost of revenue
15,463

 
12,145

 
28,805

 
20,781

Gross profit
32,168

 
24,691

 
58,954

 
41,872

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development (1)
10,562

 
8,883

 
20,772

 
16,393

Sales and marketing (1)
21,322

 
20,195

 
42,390

 
38,689

General and administrative (1)
7,725

 
6,206

 
15,620

 
12,453

Total operating expenses
39,609

 
35,284

 
78,782

 
67,535

Operating loss
(7,441
)
 
(10,593
)
 
(19,828
)
 
(25,663
)
Interest income
117

 
19

 
236

 
33

Interest expense
(110
)
 
(173
)
 
(236
)
 
(927
)
Other income, net
90

 
19

 
106

 
154

Loss before income taxes
(7,344
)
 
(10,728
)
 
(19,722
)
 
(26,403
)
Income tax provision
(68
)
 
(99
)
 
(213
)
 
(207
)
Net loss
$
(7,412
)
 
$
(10,827
)
 
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(26,610
)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(7,412
)
 
$
(10,827
)
 
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(26,610
)
Net loss per share allocable to common stockholders, basic and diluted
$
(0.15
)
 
$
(0.23
)
 
$
(0.40
)
 
$
(0.57
)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share allocable to common stockholders, basic and diluted
49,798,994

 
46,888,236

 
49,467,667

 
46,595,172

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue
$
321

 
$
217

 
$
593

 
$
382

Research and development
1,366

 
1,001

 
2,711

 
1,987

Sales and marketing
2,063

 
1,727

 
3,831

 
3,224

General and administrative
1,704

 
1,419

 
3,215

 
2,593

Total stock-based compensation
$
5,454

 
$
4,364

 
$
10,350

 
$
8,186

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.  
 
 
 
 
* Certain amounts have been adjusted for the retrospective changes in accounting policy for sales commissions (See Note 1).



3



AEROHIVE NETWORKS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(unaudited, in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
(As Adjusted)*
 
 
 
(As Adjusted)*
Net loss
$
(7,412
)
 
$
(10,827
)
 
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(26,610
)
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of tax
7

 

 
81

 

Comprehensive loss
$
(7,405
)
 
$
(10,827
)
 
$
(19,854
)
 
$
(26,610
)
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.  
 
 
 
 
* Certain amounts have been adjusted for the retrospective changes in accounting policy for sales commissions (See Note 1).



4



AEROHIVE NETWORKS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited, in thousands)
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
(As Adjusted)*
Net loss
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(26,610
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
1,795

 
1,602

Stock-based compensation
10,350

 
8,186

Other
224

 
296

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(6,669
)
 
3,912

Inventories
(3,877
)
 
(3,582
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(4,470
)
 
(1,671
)
Other assets
(202
)
 
(420
)
Accounts payable
1,095

 
1,791

Accrued liabilities
5,097

 
189

Other liabilities
226

 
(119
)
Deferred revenue
4,137

 
4,826

Net cash used in operating activities
(12,229
)
 
(11,600
)
Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Purchases of property and equipment
(735
)
 
(936
)
Capitalized software development costs

 
(1,913
)
Maturities and sales of short-term investments
11,400

 

Purchases of short-term investments
(4,592
)
 

Investment in privately held company
(1,500
)
 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
4,573

 
(2,849
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from exercise of vested stock options
353

 
866

Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan
2,890

 
2,271

Payment for shares withheld for tax withholdings on vesting of restricted stock units
(540
)
 
(1,367
)
Payment to repurchase common stock
(1,451
)
 

Proceeds from issuance of debt

 
10,000

Repayments of debt

 
(10,000
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
1,252

 
1,770

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(6,404
)
 
(12,679
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
45,741

 
98,044

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
39,337

 
$
85,365

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
 
 
 
Income taxes paid
$
391

 
$
356

Interest paid
$
249

 
$
704

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
 
 
 
Unpaid property and equipment purchased
$
1,987

 
$
368

Unpaid capitalized software development costs
$

 
$
94

Vesting of early exercised stock options
$

 
$
30

Stock-based compensation in capitalized software development
$

 
$
257

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
 
 
 
* Certain amounts have been adjusted for the retrospective changes in accounting policy for sales commissions (See Note 1).



5



NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
Aerohive Networks, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on March 15, 2006, and, together with its subsidiaries (the "Company"), has designed and developed a leading cloud and enterprise Wi-Fi solution that enables our customers to use the power of the Wi-Fi, cloud, analytics and applications to transform how they serve their customers. Our products include Wi-Fi access points, routers and switches required to build an edge-access network; a cloud services platform for centralized management; data collection and analytics; and applications that leverage the network to provide additional capabilities to business and IT organizations. Together, these products, service platforms and applications create a simple, scalable, and secure solution to deliver a better connected experience.
The Company has offices in North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific and employs staff around the world.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The Company prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), which includes the accounts of Aerohive Networks, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Those estimates and assumptions include, among others, the selling price of product, software and support services, determination of fair value of stock-based awards, inventory valuation, accounting for income taxes, including the valuation reserve on deferred tax assets and uncertain tax positions, allowance for sales reserves, allowance for doubtful accounts, and warranty costs. Management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As the Company cannot determine future events and their effects with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, and those differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.
Changes in Accounting Policy
In the first quarter of 2016, the Company voluntarily changed its accounting policy for sales commissions related to products, which include hardware and software revenue, and software subscription and services, which include post-contract support ("PCS") and Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) contracts. The Company changed its accounting policy from recording an expense when incurred to deferral of the sales commissions in proportion to the consideration allocated to each element in the arrangement and amortization in, or over, the same period the revenue is recognized for each of the elements in the arrangement (i.e., upon delivery for the product deliverables and over the non-cancellable term of the contract for the PCS and SaaS deliverables).
The Company believes the deferral method described above is preferable primarily because the direct incremental sales commission charges are so closely related to obtaining the revenue from the non-cancellable contracts that they should be deferred and charged to expense over the same period that the related revenue is recognized. Deferred commission amounts are recoverable through the future revenue streams (including up-front payments) under the non-cancellable arrangements.
Short-term deferred commissions are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, while long-term deferred commissions are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been adjusted to reflect the impacts of this change with the associated deferred tax impacts retrospectively for all prior periods presented. Under the as previously reported basis, there were no book / tax basis differences related to commission expense. Under the as adjusted basis, the deferred commission asset creates a deferred tax liability related to commission expense. Creating this deferred tax liability reduces the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets by the same amount. The increase in the deferred tax liability is fully offset by

6



the reduction in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance and has no net impact to income tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations.
The cumulative effect of the change on accumulated deficit was $4.8 million as of January 1, 2015. The following tables present the effects of the retrospective application of the voluntary change in accounting principle for sales commissions related to non-cancellable product, PCS, and SaaS contracts for the current periods and the corresponding preceding periods presented (in thousands, except per share data):
Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Computed
under Prior
Method
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Reported
 
As
Previously
Reported
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Adjusted
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
9,278

 
$
3,121

 
$
12,399

 
$
4,129

 
$
3,484

 
$
7,613

Total current assets
$
132,843

 
$
3,121

 
$
135,964

 
$
130,819

 
$
3,484

 
$
134,303

Other assets
$
1,973

 
$
3,409

 
$
5,382

 
$
426

 
$
3,254

 
$
3,680

Total assets
$
145,258

 
$
6,530

 
$
151,788

 
$
140,914

 
$
6,738

 
$
147,652

Accumulated deficit
$
(216,811
)
 
$
6,530

 
$
(210,281
)
 
$
(197,084
)
 
$
6,738

 
$
(190,346
)
Total stockholders' equity
$
26,149

 
$
6,530

 
$
32,679

 
$
34,193

 
$
6,738

 
$
40,931

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
145,258

 
$
6,530

 
$
151,788

 
$
140,914

 
$
6,738

 
$
147,652


Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Computed
under Prior
Method
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Reported
 
As
Previously
Reported
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Adjusted
Sales and marketing
$
21,375

 
$
(53
)
 
$
21,322

 
$
20,804

 
$
(609
)
 
$
20,195

Operating loss
$
(7,494
)
 
$
53

 
$
(7,441
)
 
$
(11,202
)
 
$
609

 
$
(10,593
)
Net loss
$
(7,465
)
 
$
53

 
$
(7,412
)
 
$
(11,436
)
 
$
609

 
$
(10,827
)
Net loss per share allocable to common stockholders, basic and diluted
(0.15
)
 

 
(0.15
)
 
(0.24
)
 
0.01

 
(0.23
)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share allocable to common stockholders, basic and diluted
49,798,994

 

 
49,798,994

 
46,888,236

 

 
46,888,236


 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Computed
under Prior
Method
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Reported
 
As
Previously
Reported
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Adjusted
Sales and marketing
$
42,182

 
$
208

 
$
42,390

 
$
39,574

 
$
(885
)
 
$
38,689

Operating loss
$
(19,620
)
 
$
(208
)
 
$
(19,828
)
 
$
(26,548
)
 
$
885

 
$
(25,663
)
Net loss
$
(19,727
)
 
$
(208
)
 
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(27,495
)
 
$
885

 
$
(26,610
)
Net loss per share allocable to common stockholders, basic and diluted
(0.40
)
 

 
(0.40
)
 
(0.59
)
 
0.02

 
(0.57
)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share allocable to common stockholders, basic and diluted
49,467,667

 

 
49,467,667

 
46,595,172

 

 
46,595,172



7



Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Computed
under Prior
Method
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Reported
 
As
Previously
Reported
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Adjusted
Net loss
$
(7,465
)
 
$
53

 
$
(7,412
)
 
$
(11,436
)
 
$
609

 
$
(10,827
)
Comprehensive loss
(7,458
)
 
53

 
(7,405
)
 
$
(11,436
)
 
$
609

 
$
(10,827
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Computed
under Prior
Method
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Reported
 
As
Previously
Reported
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Adjusted
Net loss
$
(19,727
)
 
$
(208
)
 
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(27,495
)
 
$
885

 
$
(26,610
)
Comprehensive loss
(19,646
)
 
(208
)
 
(19,854
)
 
(27,495
)
 
885

 
(26,610
)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30 2016
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Computed
under Prior
Method
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Reported
 
As
Previously
Reported
 
Impact of
Commission
Adjustment
 
As Adjusted
Net loss
$
(19,727
)
 
$
(208
)
 
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(27,495
)
 
$
885

 
$
(26,610
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
(4,833
)
 
$
363

 
$
(4,470
)
 
$
(1,064
)
 
$
(607
)
 
$
(1,671
)
Other assets
$
(47
)
 
$
(155
)
 
$
(202
)
 
$
(142
)
 
$
(278
)
 
$
(420
)
Net cash used in operating activities
$
(12,229
)
 
$

 
$
(12,229
)
 
$
(11,600
)
 
$

 
$
(11,600
)
There have been no other material changes to the significant accounting policies during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 as compared to those described in the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2016.
Foreign Currency
The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured at the average exchange rate in effect during the period. At the end of each reporting period, the Company’s subsidiaries’ monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured to the U.S. dollar using exchange rates in effect at the end of the reporting period. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains and losses related to remeasurement are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Foreign currency exchange losses have not been significant in any period presented and the Company has not undertaken any hedging transactions related to foreign currency exposure.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from contracts with customers (Topic 606), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and most industry-specific guidance. The guidance requires entities to recognize revenue when they transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 deferring the effective date of this standard by one year to December 15, 2017, and thus, the new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. This standard may be adopted using either the full or modified retrospective methods. In April 2016 and May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-12, respectively, which clarifies guidance on identifying performance obligations, collectability criterion and noncash consideration. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on its financial statements.

8



In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which provides guidance for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial assets and liabilities.  This ASU will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019.  The Company is currently evaluating the effects of the adoption of this standard on its financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes the lease accounting requirements in Topic 840. ASU 2016-02 requires a dual approach for lessee accounting under which a lessee would account for leases as finance leases or operating leases. Both finance leases and operating leases will result in the lessee recognizing a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. For finance leases, the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, the lessee would recognize a straight-line total lease expense. The guidance also requires qualitative and specific quantitative disclosures to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity’s leasing activities, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. This guidance is effective beginning in fiscal year 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on its financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on its financial statements.    
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents are maintained in money market funds. The amount on deposit at any time with money market funds may exceed the insured limits provided on such funds.
The Company sells its products primarily to channel partners, which include value-added resellers, or VARs, and value-added distributors, or VADs. The Company’s accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers located in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations to determine customer credit, but generally does not require collateral from its customers. The Company maintains reserves for estimated credit losses and these losses have historically been within management’s expectations. 
Significant customers are those that represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue or gross accounts receivable balance at each respective balance sheet date. The Company has entered into separate agreements with certain individual VADs that are part of a consolidated group of entities which collectively constitutes greater than 10% of the Company’s total revenue or gross accounts receivable balance for certain periods, as presented in the tables below.
The percentages of revenue from a consolidated group of entities (VAD A) and from an individual entity (VAD C) greater than 10% of total consolidated revenue were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
VAD A
 
13.9
%
 
12.2
%
 
13.6
%
 
16.2
%
VAD C
 
12.6
%
 
*

 
*

 
*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Less than 10%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The percentages of receivables from VAD A and individual entities (VAD B and VAD C) greater than 10% of total consolidated accounts receivable were as follows:
 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
VAD A
 
18.0
%
 
18.5
%
VAD B
 
*

 
11.2
%
VAD C
 
15.5
%
 
*

 
 
 
 
 
* Less than 10%
 
 
 

9



2. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value are defined in the fair value hierarchy as follows:
Level 1
 
Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2
 
Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.
Level 3
 
Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.
The Company's cash equivalents and short-term marketable investments are classified within Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Level 1 assets include highly liquid money market funds that are included in cash and cash equivalents. These instruments are generally classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. Level 2 assets include U.S. treasuries, corporate securities and commercial paper that are included in short-term investments. The Company uses inputs such as actual trade data, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency which are obtained from quoted market prices, independent pricing vendors, or other sources, to determine the ultimate fair value of these assets.
As of June 30, 2016, the Company held a convertible note from a privately held company, which the Company classified it as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy (Note 3).
The components of the Company’s Level 1 and Level 2 assets are as follows:
 
June 30, 2016
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Cash equivalents
 
Short-term investments
 
(in thousands)
Level 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
27,708

 

 
27,708

 
27,708

 

 
$
27,708

 
$

 
$
27,708

 
$
27,708

 
$

Level 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. treasuries
15,995

 
17

 
16,012

 

 
16,012

Corporate securities
21,440

 
2

 
21,442

 

 
21,442

Commercial paper
2,188

 

 
2,188

 

 
2,188

 
$
39,623

 
$
19

 
$
39,642

 
$

 
$
39,642

Total
$
67,331

 
$
19

 
$
67,350

 
$
27,708

 
$
39,642


 
December 31, 2015
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Cash equivalents
 
Short-term investments
 
(in thousands)
Level 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
33,436

 

 
33,436

 
33,436

 

 
$
33,436

 
$

 
$
33,436

 
$
33,436

 

Level 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. treasuries
15,988

 
(21
)
 
15,967

 

 
15,967

Corporate securities
23,679

 
(40
)
 
23,639

 

 
23,639

Commercial paper
6,987

 

 
6,987

 

 
6,987

 
$
46,654

 
$
(61
)
 
$
46,593

 
$

 
46,593

Total
$
80,090

 
$
(61
)
 
$
80,029

 
$
33,436

 
$
46,593

As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, all short-term investments contractually matured within one year.

10



Unrealized gains and losses related to these investments are due to interest rate fluctuations as opposed to credit quality. In addition, the Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell, these investments before recovery of their cost basis. As a result, there is no other-than-temporary impairment for these investments as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.  
3. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:
 
 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Deferred sales commissions, current portion (Note 1)
 
 
$
3,121

 
$
3,484

Insurance recovery related to litigation settlement (Note 5)
 
 
4,531

 

Prepaid expenses
 
 
2,834

 
2,950

Other
 
 
1,913

 
1,179

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
 
$
12,399

 
$
7,613

Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consists of the following:
 
 
 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
Estimated Useful Lives
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Computer and other equipment
 
3 years
 
$
1,794

 
$
1,704

Manufacturing, research and development laboratory equipment
 
3 years
 
4,465

 
4,476

Software
 
2 to 5 years
 
8,451

 
8,470

Office furniture and equipment
 
3 to 7 years
 
2,549

 
1,041

Leasehold improvements
 
shorter of useful life or lease term
 
666

 
614

Construction in progress
 
 
 
497

 

Property and equipment, gross
 
 
 
18,422

 
16,305

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
(8,493
)
 
(7,149
)
Property and equipment, net
 
 
 
$
9,929

 
$
9,156

Software category includes the capitalized internal-use software for the Company's cloud service platform. In April 2015, the Company completed and launched the next generation of its cloud services platform, and began to amortize these capitalized costs to cost of software subscription and services revenue on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of the software of five years.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.9 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $1.8 million and $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Other assets
Other assets consist of the following:
 
 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Deferred sales commissions, non-current portion (Note 1)
 
 
$
3,409

 
$
3,254

Investment in privately held company
 
 
1,500

 

Other
 
 
473

 
426

Total other assets
 
 
$
5,382

 
$
3,680


11



In January 2016, the Company paid $1.5 million in cash to purchase a convertible note issued by a privately held company, which provides Wi-Fi application and analytics. The Company has no voting right or significant influence over the privately held company. The convertible note has been recorded at carrying value. Since the convertible note has no readily determinable market value, the Company has categorized it as a Level 3 asset in the fair value hierarchy. As of June 30, 2016, the fair value of the convertible note approximated its carrying value. The Company did not recognize an impairment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, as there were no identified events or changes in circumstances that might have a significant adverse impact on the carrying values of the investment. Since the convertible note has a two-year contractual term and the Company does not intend to liquidate it in the next 12 months, the Company has classified the convertible note as other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following:
 
 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Accrued compensation
 
 
$
8,287

 
$
9,410

Accrual for class action litigation settlement (Note 5)
 
 
5,750

 

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
 
 
2,171

 
1,801

Warranty liability, current portion
 
 
670

 
645

Total accrued liabilities
 
 
$
16,878

 
$
11,856

Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists of the following:
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands)
Products
$
1,839

 
$
3,199

Software subscription and services
61,560

 
56,063

Total deferred revenue
63,399

 
59,262

Less: current portion of deferred revenue
29,792

 
27,893

Non-current portion of deferred revenue
$
33,607

 
$
31,369

Warranty Liability
The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s accrued liability for estimated future warranty:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands)
Beginning balance
$
997

 
$
832

 
$
978

 
$
891

Charges to operations
199

 
411

 
373

 
528

Obligations fulfilled
(103
)
 
(167
)
 
(207
)
 
(320
)
Changes in existing warranty
(59
)
 
(30
)
 
(110
)
 
(53
)
Total product warranties
$
1,034

 
$
1,046

 
$
1,034

 
$
1,046

Current portion
$
670

 
$
504

 
$
670

 
$
504

Non-current portion
$
364

 
$
542

 
$
364

 
$
542

Changes in existing warranty reflect a combination of changes in expected warranty claims and changes in the related costs to service such claims.
4. DEBT

12



Financing Agreements
In June 2012, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank (the revolving credit facility). The revolving credit facility is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s property, other than intellectual property. Prior to March 31, 2015, the revolving credit facility bore monthly interest at a floating rate equal to the greater of (i) 4.00% or (ii) prime rate plus 0.75%. By amendment in March 2015, interest on the credit facility adjusted as of March 31, 2015 to a floating rate equal to the lesser of (i) LIBOR rate plus 2.25% or (ii) prime rate minus 0.5%. In November 2015, the Company further amended the revolving credit facility to revise the floating interest rate to the lesser of (i) LIBOR rate plus 1.75% or (ii) prime rate minus 1.0%, which was effective January 1, 2016. The weighted average interest rate of the revolving credit facility was 2.37% and 3.22%, for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The revolving credit facility currently provides, among other things, (i) a maturity date of March 31, 2017; and (ii) a revolving line up to $20.0 million, subject to certain conditions.
The revolving credit facility contains customary negative covenants which, unless waived by SVB, limit the Company’s ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, repurchase stock, pay dividends, transfer assets and merge or consolidate, as well as requiring the Company to maintain a minimum adjusted quick ratio of 1.25 to 1.00 and minimum cash balances as of the last day of each month. The revolving credit facility also contains customary events of default, subject to customary cure periods for certain defaults, that include, among other things, non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, material judgment defaults, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, cross-defaults to certain other material indebtedness, and defaults due to inaccuracy of representation and warranties. Upon an event of default, the lender may declare all or a portion of the outstanding obligations payable by the Company to be immediately due and payable and exercise other rights and remedies provided for under the credit facility. During the existence of an event of default, interest on the obligations under the credit facility could be increased by 5.0%. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
As of June 30, 2016$20.0 million remains outstanding under the revolving credit facility, and is included in current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Lease Commitments
The Company currently leases its main office facility in Milpitas, California, which is set to expire in June 2023. In addition, the Company leases office space for its subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and China under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various times through May 2017. The Company has also entered into various lease agreements in other locations in the United States and globally to support its sales and research and development functions.
In February 2016, the Company entered into a sublease agreement to lease approximately 72,500 square feet of commercial office space located in Milpitas, California, for its new worldwide corporate headquarters. The lease commenced on April 1, 2016 and expires on June 30, 2023. Rent is paid on a monthly basis and will increase incrementally over the term of the lease for an aggregate net base rent of approximately $6.5 million. In addition to the monthly base rent, the Company is responsible for payment of certain operating expenses, including utilities and real estate taxes.
In June 2016, we relocated our headquarters from Sunnyvale, California to Milpitas, California and incurred lease abandonment costs of $0.6 million, which includes remaining lease obligation and other contractual obligations including utilities and real estate taxes. The lease abandonment costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2016, the facility exit obligation was $0.6 million.
The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period. Future minimum lease payments by year under operating leases as of June 30, 2016 are as follows:

13



 
Amount
Year Ending December 31,
(in thousands)
2016 (remaining six months)
$
891

2017
1,103

2018
1,038

2019
997

2020
973

Thereafter
2,562

Total
$
7,564

Rent expense was $0.8 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and was $1.4 million and $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Manufacturing Commitments
The Company subcontracts with manufacturing companies to manufacture its hardware products. The contract manufacturers procure components based on non-cancellable orders placed by the Company. If the Company cancels all or part of an order, the Company is liable to the contract manufacturers for the cost of the related components they purchased under such orders.
As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had manufacturing commitments with contract manufacturers for inventory totaling approximately $8.8 million and $14.0 million, respectively.
Contingencies
The Company may be subject to legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company will record a liability when it believes that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company expects to periodically evaluate developments in its legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that it has previously accrued, if any, and make adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both likelihood of there being, and the estimated amount of, a loss related to such matters, and the Company’s judgment may be incorrect. The outcome of any proceeding is not determinable in advance. Until the final resolution of any such matter for which the Company may be required to accrue, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of the amount accrued and such excess amount could be significant.
The Company is currently engaged in the following separate litigations which allege that the Company’s products infringe certain patents.
Mojo Networks, Inc., formerly known as AirTight Networks, or Mojo, alleges that the Company’s products infringe U.S. Patent #7,339,914, or the ‘914 Patent. On January 23, 2013, in light of AirTight’s allegations, the Company filed in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, a Complaint for Declaratory Judgment against AirTight asserting that the Company’s products do not infringe the ‘914 Patent and that the ‘914 Patent is, in any case, invalid and not enforceable. AirTight filed a separate action asserting infringement of the ‘914 Patent by some or all of the Company’s products, which was then related to the Company’s initial action for declaratory judgment. The parties have resolved this matter, pursuant to which the related actions have been dismissed with prejudice.
Linex Technologies, or Linex, filed on March 19, 2013 a Complaint in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida, asserting that some or all of the Company’s products infringe U.S. Patents #6,493,377, or the ‘377 Patent, and #7,167,503, or the ’503 Patent. The Company filed an answer and counterclaims for declaratory judgment against Linex asserting that the Company’s products do not infringe the ‘377 and ‘503 Patents, and that the ‘377 and ‘503 Patents are, in any case, invalid and not enforceable. The Company separately filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the PTO, petitions to initiate reexamination of the ‘377 and ‘503 Patents, which the PTO granted. In the PTO reexaminations, all claims under the ‘377 Patent have been rejected and Linex has appealed the final rejections of the claims, and the petition regarding the claims subject to the ‘503 Patent is still pending. This case is currently stayed pending the reexaminations.
Chrimar Systems, or Chrimar, filed in July 2015 a complaint in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas, asserting that certain of the Company’s products which utilize Power over Ethernet (PoE) functionality infringe United States Patent Nos. 8,155,012, 8,942,107, 8,902,760 and 9,019,838. The complainant filed a separate action against a

14



channel partner based on that partner’s sale of Company products. The Company filed with the PTO a petition to initiate reexamination of the '012 Patent, which the PTO granted.
Mobile Telecommunications Technologies LLC, or Mobile, filed in May 2016 a complaint in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas, asserting that certain of the Company’s products which utilize MIMO systems or frequency structures and functionality infringe United States Patent Nos. 5,590,403, 5,659,891, and 5,915,210.  The Company is evaluating the possible application of these claims, if any, to its products. 
Anza Technology, Inc., or Anza, filed in May 2016 a complaint in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California, asserting that certain of the Company's products which utilize flip-chip bonding infringe United States Patent Nos. 7,124,927 and 7,389,905​​.  The Company is evaluating the possible application of these claims, if any, to its products.
The Company intends to defend these lawsuits vigorously, and is not able to predict or estimate any range of reasonably possible loss related to these lawsuits. If these matters have an adverse outcome, they may have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company is also currently in litigation asserting claims under federal securities laws.
In June 2015, a class action complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Mateo, against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors. This action was subsequently related and consolidated with two identical, follow-on complaints and is captioned Hunter v. Aerohive Networks, Inc., et al., Shareholder Litigation, Master File No. 534070. The consolidated complaint alleges claims under federal securities laws that the Registration Statement which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form S-1 in connection with its initial public offering in March 2014 contained false and/or misleading statements or omissions. The consolidated action also names as defendants the investment firms who underwrote the Company’s initial public offering.
The consolidated complaint alleges that the Registration Statement failed to disclose, among other things, product deficiencies, poor sales, and a decline in sales-related personnel. The complaint additionally alleges that the Company improperly recognized revenue, including by booking certain sales with rights of return. The consolidated complaint seeks unspecified compensatory damages and other relief. The Company is advancing certain defense costs with respect to individual defendants, including the underwriting investment firms, under written indemnification agreements.
During mediation, the parties reached a settlement, providing for payment to the class of plaintiffs in the amount of $5.75 million in return for a release of all claims against the defendants, including Aerohive and its current and former officers and directors. The Court has preliminary approved the settlement, and directed the parties to take further actions to effect the settlement pending final Court approval. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement, Aerohive will pay approximately $1.22 million of the $5.75 million settlement amount (reflecting the amount remaining under Aerohive’s insurance retention), and the Company’s insurance carrier will pay the remainder of the settlement amount.      
Guarantees
The Company has entered into agreements with some of its customers that contain indemnification provisions in the event of claims alleging that the Company’s products infringe the intellectual property rights of a third party. The Company has at its option and expense the ability to repair any infringement, replace product with a non-infringing equivalent-in-function product, or refund the customers the total product price. Other guarantees or indemnification arrangements include guarantees of product and service performance. The Company has not recorded a liability related to these indemnifications and guarantee provisions and the Company’s guarantees and indemnification arrangements have not had any impact on the consolidated financial statements to date.
6. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common Stock reserved for Future Issuance
As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had, on an as-if converted basis, reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:

15



 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Common stock reserved for future grant under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan
4,520,759

 
5,017,525

Common stock reserved for future purchase under the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
2,138,737

 
1,804,669

Options and Restricted Stock Units issued and outstanding
12,397,881

 
10,589,268

Warrants to purchase common stock

 
73,883

Total reserved shares of common stock for future issuance
19,057,377

 
17,485,345

Common Stock Warrants
On March 25, 2016, TriplePoint Capital LLC net exercised common stock warrants to purchase 27,715 shares of common stock, and 46,168 shares of common stock warrants used to satisfy the exercise price were cancelled.
As of June 30, 2016, no shares of the Company's common stock warrants remained outstanding.
7. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
2014 Equity Incentive Plan
On March 26, 2014, the Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (2014 Plan) became effective. On March 27, 2014, the Company's earlier 2006 Global Share Plan (2006 Plan) was terminated and all reserved-but-unissued shares under the 2006 Plan were added to the 2014 Plan and all shares underlying stock awards granted under the 2006 Plan that otherwise would return to the 2006 Plan instead were rolled into the 2014 Plan. The Company may not grant additional awards under the 2006 Plan, but the 2006 Plan will continue to govern outstanding awards previously granted under the 2006 Plan.
The 2014 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code (ISO), only to employees of the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options (NSO), restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares to employees, directors and consultants of the Company, and the employees and consultants of any parent or subsidiary of the Company.
On the first day of each fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017 through January 1, 2024, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan may increase by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 4,000,000 Shares, (ii) 5% of the Company’s outstanding shares on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (iii) such number of shares determined by the board of directors. In January 2016, the Company effected an increase of 2,450,865 in the number of shares reserved under the 2014 Plan. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had 4,520,759 total shares of common stock reserved and available for grant under the 2014 Plan.
The following table summarizes the total number of shares available for grant under the 2014 Plan as of June 30, 2016:
 
 
 
Shares Available for Grant
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2015
5,017,525

Authorized
2,450,865

Options granted
(900,000
)
Options canceled
557,078

Awards granted
(3,038,736
)
Awards canceled
434,027

Balance, June 30, 2016
4,520,759

Stock Options
The following table summarizes the information about outstanding stock option activity:

16



 
Options Outstanding
 
Number of
Shares
Underlying
Outstanding
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise 
Price
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2015
6,543,162

 
$
6.05

 
7.03
 
$
6,570

Options granted
900,000

 
6.13

 
 
 
 
Options exercised
(203,214
)
 
2.12

 
 
 
 
Options canceled
(557,078
)
 
7.44

 
 
 
 
Balance, June 30, 2016
6,682,870

 
$
6.06

 
7.36
 
$
9,669

Options exercisable, June 30, 2016
3,691,435

 
$
5.23

 
6.22
 
$
8,596

Options vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2016
6,275,981

 
$
6.00

 
7.25
 
$
9,539

The weighted-average-grant-date fair value of options granted was $3.22 and $3.16 per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, and the aggregate-grant-date fair value of the Company's stock options granted was $2.6 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. The weighted-average-grant-date fair value of the options granted was $3.57 per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, and the aggregate-grant-date fair value of the Company's stock options granted was $4.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015. There were no options granted for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $0.3 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 respectively. The intrinsic value for each share underlying an option represents the difference between the option exercise price per share and the closing stock price of a share of the Company’s common stock.
Restricted Stock Units
The Company currently grants Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) to certain employees and directors. The RSUs typically vest over a period of time, generally one year to four years, and are subject to the participant’s continuing service to the Company over that period. Until vested, RSUs do not have the voting and dividend participation rights of common stock and the shares underlying the awards are not considered issued and outstanding.
The following is a summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information for the six months ended June 30, 2016:
 
Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
 
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2015
4,046,106

 
$
6.49

Awards granted
3,038,736

 
6.24

Awards vested
(1,031,352
)
 
$
6.66

Awards canceled
(338,479
)
 
$
6.08

Balance, June 30, 2016
5,715,011

 
$
6.33


The weighted-average-grant date fair value of RSUs granted was $6.43 and $6.89 per share for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and was $6.24 and $6.62 per share for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The aggregate grant date fair value of RSUs granted was $16.9 million and $16.2 million, respectively for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and was $19.0 million and $17.2 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. The aggregate fair value of shares vested as of the respective vesting dates was $3.4 million and $3.1 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 and was $5.9 million and $4.5 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

17



The number of RSUs vested includes shares that the Company withheld to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements, as determined by the Company, on behalf of certain employees. During the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company withheld 36,758 and 116,342 shares of stock, respectively, for an aggregate value of $0.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company withheld 95,548 and 230,994 shares of stock, respectively, for an aggregate value of $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Such shares were returned to the Company’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan and are available under the plan terms for future issuance.
The number of RSUs granted includes 222,875 shares of performance-based restricted stock units (PBRSUs) that the Company granted to certain executives in March 2016 pursuant to the 2014 Plan. Each PBRSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock upon vesting, subject to the Company's achievement of a revenue target. As of June 30, 2016, the Company expects the revenue target to be met. Accordingly, the Company recorded expense related to all of the PBRSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis.

The number of RSUs granted also includes 404,000 shares of market-based restricted stock units (MBRSUs) that the Company granted to certain executives effective June 2016 pursuant to the 2014 Plan. Each MBRSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock upon vesting subject to the Company's achievement of stock price targets. The Company estimates the fair value of the MBRSUs using the Monte Carlo option-pricing model on the date of grant as the MBRSUs contain both market and service conditions. The Company recorded the expense related to all of the MBRSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, on a graded-vesting method.
2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) is a ten-year plan, effective in March 2014. The ESPP authorizes the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to employees of the Company and its designated subsidiaries. Under the ESPP, on the first day of fiscal year 2017, the number of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance may increase in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1,000,000 Shares, (ii) 2.0% of the Company’s outstanding shares on January 1, 2017, or (iii) such number of shares determined by the board of directors. On the first day of each fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 through January 1, 2024, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance may increase in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1,000,000 shares, (ii) 1.0% of the Company’s outstanding shares on the first day of the applicable fiscal year, or (iii) such number of shares determined by the board of directors. In January 2016, the Company effected an increase of 980,346 shares with respect to the number of shares reserved under the ESPP. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had 2,138,737 total shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP.
Under the ESPP, the Company grants stock purchase rights to all eligible employees, currently covering a two-year offering period ending December 1, 2016, with purchase dates at the end of each interim six-month purchase period. Shares are purchased using employee payroll deductions at purchase prices equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at either the first day of each offering period or the date of purchase. The ESPP has a reset provision. If the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the last day of any purchase period during an offering period is lower than the closing sales price on the first day of the related offering period, that offering period will terminate upon the purchase of shares for such purchase period and participants will be enrolled in the immediately following offering period. As a result, the reference price for purposes of determining the purchase price of shares for subsequent purchase periods for all participants of the new offering period will be reset to such lower price. No participant may purchase more than $25,000 worth of common stock in any calendar year, or 5,000 shares of common stock in any six-month purchase period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company issued 646,278 shares under the ESPP plan. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company issued 552,109 shares under the ESPP.
Stock Repurchase Program
In February 2016, the Company's board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $10.0 million, with stock purchases made from time to time in compliance with applicable securities laws in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amounts of any purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors including price, regulatory requirements and capital availability. The authorization does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares, and may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice.  Unless modified, or earlier suspended or discontinued, the authorization will expire as of June 30, 2017, without further action of the Company.
During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company repurchased a total of 261,515 shares of its common stock on the open market at a total cost of $1.5 million with an average price per share of $5.55.

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Determination of Fair Values
Weighted-average assumptions for the Company's stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Stock options:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected term (in years)
5.77

 
6.02

 
5.78

 
6.02

Expected volatility
55.11
%
 
51.41
%
 
55.16
%
 
51.41
%
Risk free interest rate
1.50
%
 
1.74
%
 
1.50
%
 
1.74
%
Weighted average assumptions used to value employee stock purchase rights under the Black-Scholes model were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
ESPP purchase rights:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected term (in years)
0.5 - 2.00
 
0.50 - 1.5
 
0.5 - 2.00
 
0.50 - 1.5
Expected volatility
35% - 55.3%
 
41.0% - 55.3%
 
35% - 55.3%
 
41.0% - 55.3%
Risk free interest rate
0.07% - 0.51%
 
0.07% - 0.45%
 
0.07% - 0.51%
 
0.07% - 0.45%
Stock-based Compensation Expense
The total stock-based compensation the Company recognized for stock-based awards in the consolidated statements of operations is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
$
321

 
$
217

 
$
593

 
$
382

Research and development
1,366

 
1,001

 
2,711

 
1,987

Sales and marketing
2,063

 
1,727

 
3,831

 
3,224

General and administrative
1,704

 
1,419

 
3,215

 
2,593

Total stock-based compensation
$
5,454

 
$
4,364

 
$
10,350

 
$
8,186

The following table presents stock-based compensation expense by award-type:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands)
Stock Options
$
1,185

 
$
988

 
$
2,331

 
$
2,136

Restricted Stock Units
3,544

 
2,794

 
6,691

 
5,139

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
725

 
582

 
1,328

 
911

Total stock-based compensation
$
5,454

 
$
4,364

 
$
10,350

 
$
8,186

As of June 30, 2016, unrecognized stock-based compensation related to outstanding stock options, RSUs (including PBRSUs and MBRSUs) and ESPP purchase rights, net of estimated forfeitures, was $9.0 million, $28.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively, which the Company expects to recognize over weighted-average periods of 2.55 years, 2.68 years and 0.42 years, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company capitalized $0.3 million stock-based compensation expense to the development of its internal-use cloud services platform.
8. NET LOSS PER SHARE
The Company calculates basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock allocable to common stockholders by dividing the net loss allocable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during

19



the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is the same as basic net loss per share of common stock, since the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive.
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share allocable to common stockholders:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
  
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(7,412
)
 
$
(10,827
)
 
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(26,610
)
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted
49,798,994

 
46,888,236

 
49,467,667

 
46,595,172

Net loss per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted
$
(0.15
)
 
$
(0.23
)
 
$
(0.40
)
 
$
(0.57
)
The following period-end outstanding common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:
 
As of June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Shares of common stock issuable under the Equity Incentive Plan
12,397,881

 
11,513,177

Common stock subject to repurchase

 
9,000

Common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants

 
73,883

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
99,054

 
94,094

Total
12,496,935

 
11,690,154

9. INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes was approximately $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and was $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. The provision for income taxes consisted primarily of state taxes and foreign income taxes.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the provisions for income taxes differed from the statutory amount primarily due to maintaining a full valuation allowance against the U.S. net deferred tax assets, partially offset by foreign and state taxes.
The Company has intercompany services agreements with its subsidiaries located in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and China, which require payment for services rendered by these subsidiaries at an arm’s-length transaction price. The foreign tax expense represents foreign income tax payable by these subsidiaries on profit generated on intercompany services agreements.
Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income, the existence and timing of which is uncertain. Based on the Company’s history of losses, management has determined it cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized and, accordingly, management has placed a full valuation allowance against its domestic deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards and research and development and other tax credits, as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
10. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company derives its revenue primarily from sales of hardware products and software subscription and services. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, the Company determined that it operates as one reportable and operating segment.
The following table represents the Company's revenue based on the billing address of the respective VAR or the VAD:

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Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands)
Americas
$
28,685

 
$
24,818

 
$
53,045

 
$
38,911

Europe, Middle East and Africa
12,143

 
9,170

 
24,157

 
18,296

Asia Pacific
6,803

 
2,848

 
10,557

 
5,446

Total revenues
$
47,631

 
$
36,836

 
$
87,759

 
$
62,653

     Included within Total Americas in the above table is revenue from sales in the United States of $27.4 million and $23.8 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and $50.2 million and $37.0 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. Aside from the United States, no country comprised 10% or more of the Company's total revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
Property and equipment, net by location is summarized as follows:  
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands)
United States
$
8,540

 
$
7,561

People's Republic of China
1,201

 
1,360

United Kingdom
188

 
235

Total property and equipment, net
$
9,929

 
$
9,156

ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations and involves risks and uncertainties. We intend the words “believe,” “will,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “could,” “potentially” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify forward-looking statements. The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those we discuss below and those we discuss in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:
our ability to predict our revenue, operating results and gross margin accurately;
our ability to maintain revenue growth while managing our operating expenses in order to achieve and maintain profitability;
our ability to timely develop, deliver and transition to new product offerings and transition existing and new end-customers to such offerings, while maintaining existing product revenue and our existing service level commitments to end-customers;
our ability to continue to secure orders from larger customers and any potential loss of or reductions in orders from such larger customers;
our ability to achieve growth in key verticals, including the educational sector;
our ability to maximize the economic opportunity of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission’s (“FCC”) E-Rate program and the timing of the availability of funding, the level of available funding and the decisions by end-customers to purchase our products using such funding;
the length and seasonal unpredictability of our sales cycles, including with service provider end-customers;
the effects of increased competition in and consolidation of our market and our ability to compete with larger competitors with greater financial, technical and other resources;

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our ability to continue to enhance and broaden our product offering and bring new products and product functionality to market;
the performance of our product offerings in the field, including in applications and environments which we do not anticipate or could not replicate during development;
our ability to attract, hire, train and retain qualified employees and key personnel, particularly in sales and engineering;
the transition of newly hired management-level employees and their ability to improve our sales execution processes;
our ability to maximize our sales execution process and effectively ramp sales in underdeveloped territories;
our ability to sell our products and effectively expand internationally;
the ability of our manufacturing partners and component suppliers to timely deliver products in response to our demand forecasts, particularly with respect to our newer products;
our ability to attract new end-customers within the verticals and geographies in which we currently operate and those that we target;
our ability to predict economic, political and business conditions in the markets in which we operate;
changes in global consumer confidence and other effects, including changes to foreign currency exchange rates, following the decision of the United Kingdom to withdraw from the European Union ("Brexit");
our ability to maintain effective internal controls;
the quality of our products and services;
our ability to continue to build and enhance relationships with channel partners and to derive revenue from our investments in those partnerships, particularly with our strategic partners, such as Dell;
claims from shareholders that we have violated the securities laws and claims that we infringe intellectual property rights of others, the expense to defend such claims and the uncertainty such claims create for us, including, with respect to intellectual property claims, our ability to continue to sell and support our products;
our ability to effectively manage our growth;
our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our brand;
the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates, in particular the recent strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to certain currencies, and our ability to price competitively our products and secure orders at such pricing, while maintaining our expected revenue and gross margin performance;
our ability to protect our intellectual property and exposure to third party claims that we or our customers or channel partners infringe their intellectual property; and
other risk factors included under the section titled “Risk Factors.”
These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors” included in Part II, Item 1A and elsewhere in this report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, we caution you not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Overview
As a company, our goal is to be the leading independent cloud networking company, by delivering an open mobility platform that simplifies and transforms the connected experience through information, applications and insights. We have designed and developed a leading cloud-managed mobile networking platform that enables enterprises to deploy a mobile-centric network edge. Managing the network edge is becoming more complex because of the proliferation of mobile devices and the ways in which businesses use such devices. Increasingly, employees and clients are using Wi-Fi-enabled smartphones, tablets, laptops and other mobile devices instead of desktop computers for mission-critical business applications. The number

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and types of users continue to increase, as do the breadth of applications that users need to access on their mobile devices. As the difficulty and complexity of managing the network edge expands, we believe our platform offers simplicity, scalability, and security.
We derive revenue by selling our hardware products and related software licenses or software subscription and services, which together comprise our cloud-managed networking platform. Our products include Wi-Fi access points, routers and switches required to build an edge-access network; a cloud services platform for centralized management, data collection and analytics; and applications that leverage the network to provide additional capabilities to the business and IT organization. Together, these products, service platforms and applications create a simple, scalable, and secure solution to deliver a better connected experience. Customers around the world, from Fortune 500 businesses to small schools, have chosen our products.
We sell our products and software subscription and services through our channel partners to our end-customers, who hold the licenses to use our products and our software subscription and services. We define end-customers as holding or having held licenses to our products and software subscription and services. When our end-customers purchase hardware products they are generally required to purchase for every hardware unit a software license for our unified management system, either as a perpetual license with PCS or as a SaaS license with a one-, three- or five-year term. Both our PCS and SaaS offerings include updates and upgrades of our software applications and our HiveOS operating system that are embedded in our hardware.
In the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we continued our year-over-year revenue growth. For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, our revenue was $47.6 million and $36.8 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, our revenue was $87.8 million and $62.7 million, respectively. However, we have yet to achieve profitability in any quarter. In the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, our net losses were $7.4 million and $10.8 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, our net losses were $19.9 million and $26.6 million, respectively.
We typically experience seasonal sequential decreases in our product revenue in our first fiscal quarter, but sequential increases in product revenue from our fiscal first to second quarter. This has generally been due to annual budget cycles in the enterprise and spending seasonality in the education vertical. Given the buying cycle for K-12 schools in the United States, prior to 2015, the second quarter has been the strongest for our education vertical, which historically has driven strong sequential growth in the second quarter. In addition, we typically see continued growth in our revenue to carry over from our second quarter to our third quarter. We also historically typically see a sequential increase in revenue in our fourth quarter from our third quarter due to end-of-year spending by enterprise customers.
Beginning in 2015, however, our seasonal trend changed as compared to prior years, due to the timing and availability of funding under the federal E-Rate program. E-Rate is the commonly used name for the Schools and Libraries Program of the Universal Service Fund, which is administered by the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC) under the direction of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The program provides discounts to assist schools and libraries in the United States to obtain affordable telecommunications and Internet access. Significant funding available for Wi-Fi products in the 2015 E-Rate funding cycle led certain schools to seek E-Rate funding for their projects; however, purchases made by schools before April 1, 2015 were not eligible for E-Rate funding and actual E-Rate funding was not released to schools and libraries to fund transactions until after July 1, 2015. In order to be eligible for funding during a particular annual funding cycle the schools and libraries must then receive a Funding Commitment Decision Letter. We believe that based on the availability of this federal funding end-customers in the education vertical typically defer purchases until they secured E-Rate funding and received a specific funding commitment letter. As a result, beginning in 2015, E-Rate amplified the historical sequential decline in product revenue we previously experienced from the fourth quarter into the first quarter and shifted spending from the first half of the year into the second half of the year, and even into the following year. We believe that in our fiscal 2015, this caused increased seasonal variations in demand for our products and services in the education vertical, making it more difficult to forecast our operating performance and achieve revenue and other operating results based on those forecasts. For example, the sales results for our first fiscal quarter 2015 were below expectations, primarily due to a pause in demand in U.S education business due to such various aspects and timing of the Federal E-Rate program. We also saw K-12 spending shift from the first half of the year into the second half of the year, and into our fiscal 2016 as well. We believe such deferrals and delays are continuing during the 2016 annual E-Rate funding cycle.
In 2016 E-Rate cycle, USAC also experienced significant administrative challenges that led them to extend the period for schools to submit Form 471 funding requests, and that led many schools to abandon their Form 470 bid requests or not submit their Form 471 funding requests in the first instance. Based on publicly reported information, the total value of submissions of Form 471 funding requests for "Category 2" projects in the 2016 funding cycle was 17% below the total value of funding requests submitted in the 2015 funding cycle. Aerohive increased its reported share of the funding requests for Wi-Fi products from 10% in 2015 to 11% in 2016; however, due to the overall reduction in funding requests, total Aerohive-related awards in 2016 appear to be 12% lower than the 2015 funding cycle. Further, USAC continues to report significant delays in its ability

23



to process and fund such requests during the 2016 funding cycle, causing the pace of release of approved funds and resulting availability of those funds to schools to be significantly lower than in 2015. This is evidenced by the level of funds released through the 2016 "Wave 5" funding release being more than 69% below the comparable funding release period in 2015. We expect the timing of the availability of this reduced level of funding to delay schools' purchases of Aerohive products. For these reasons, we expect these delays, deferrals and apparently lower levels of E-Rate-funded transactions to impact our revenue performance for the second half of 2016 and potentially into 2017.
We primarily conduct business in three geographic regions: (1) Americas, (2) Europe, the Middle East and Africa, or EMEA, and (3) Asia Pacific, or APAC. From a geographic perspective, year-over-year revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2016 increased by 16% in the Americas, 32% in EMEA and 139% in APAC. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, 60% of our total revenue was generated from Americas, 26% from EMEA and 14% from APAC.
We outsource the manufacturing of all of our products to contract manufacturers. We currently outsource the warehousing and delivery of our products to a third-party logistics provider for worldwide fulfillment, located in California and in the Netherlands.
We intend to continue to invest significant resources in the development of our innovative technologies and new product offerings, acquire new end-customers in new and existing geographies, and increase penetration within our existing end-customer base. We expect to continue to invest in our organization and our channel and strategic partnerships to meet the needs of our customers and to pursue opportunities in new and existing markets. In particular, we are investing to increase our sales capacity as well as our channel program. As such, we will continue to incur expenses in the near term, due to our continuing investments to grow our business, including internationally, in advance of and in preparation for, our expected increase in sales and expansion of our customer base. As a result, we may not be profitable for the foreseeable future and our use of cash over this period could also be greater and extend over a longer period as we make investments in areas of our operations, such as sales, marketing and research and product and channel partner development, which we feel may promote our growth and profitability over the long term. We believe that over the long term, we will be able to leverage these investments in the form of a higher revenue growth rate compared to the growth rate of our operating expenses.
However, we may not in fact realize any long-term benefit from these investments.
Opportunities and Challenges
We believe that the growth of our business and our future success depends upon many factors, including our ability to continue to develop innovative technologies and timely provide new product offerings to the marketplace; continue to stabilize and improve performance of our sales function; increase our sales capacity and develop our channel partner program; acquire new end-customers; expand our end-customer base and increase penetration within our existing end-customer base (including through new product offerings); and at the same time demonstrate to our investors and financial analysts that we can achieve profitability on an acceptable timeline.
We operate in the highly competitive wired and wireless network access products market. This market continues to evolve and is characterized by rapid technological innovation. We will need to continue to innovate in order to achieve market adoption of our products and services. We have continued the expansion of our product portfolio, announcing HiveManager NG in April 2015. Over the four quarters ended June 30, 2016, approximately 76% of our end-customers and approximately 43% of our Wi-Fi access point products in operation were deployed using our public cloud platform. We also continue to invest to extend our product offering to include a family of Ethernet switches and branch routers to complement our wireless offering and allow us to deliver a unified wired and wireless network edge.
In addition, our market continues an evolution in related wireless technology standards from 802.11n to the new 802.11ac standard, which uses new radio hardware to deliver substantially higher wireless performance. As these standards were being developed and finalized, we performed hardware and software development, both internally and with our original design manufacturers, or ODMs, to incorporate these standards into our product offerings. We also continue to develop new functionality in our product offerings to take advantage of the changes that these industry standards incorporated. Overall, our 802.11 ac products accounted for 72% of our Wi-Fi access point unit volume shipments in the quarter ended June 30, 2016.
In order to maintain a competitive position in this market, we continue to develop our next-generation “Wave 2” 802.11ac Wi-Fi access points to extend our portfolio and address higher-performance use cases. We announced in August 2015 that our AP250 and AP245X access points, which are our initial Wave 2 access point products would not be commercially available until early 2016. Strong demand for products combined with limited availability in component parts may affect availability of our AP250 and AP245X access points and the ability of our manufacturing partners and component suppliers to timely deliver sufficient quantities of this product to meet our demand and sales forecasts.

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We have developed a cloud services platform to provide network management and support additional value-added applications. HiveManager NG, our network management application, provides a single management interface that customers use to configure network policies, monitor and troubleshoot performance, manage access and security, and run reports on network operations. Our focus is to continue to transition new and existing end customers to HiveManager NG and make our cloud services platform and applications available to customers in either a subscription public cloud or on-premises private cloud deployment. However, we have extended our transition timeline, which we are now targeting for late-2017. This extended timeline has also delayed our ability to demonstrate full feature and functional compatibility of this platform across certain other products, including specifically our new switch products. As a result, revenue from our switch products which we expected in the second half of our 2016 fiscal year could be delayed into 2017.
When we introduce new product offerings, such as the release of the new version of HiveManager NG, our cloud services, or new hardware platforms, such as our AP250 and AP245X initial Wave 2 access points, we must effectively manage the timing of such releases to minimize the disruption to our existing product offerings and revenue streams. We must manage the orderly transition of our end-customers to these new products and services to reduce the amount of inventory for products that may become obsolete or slow-moving due to our new product introductions and to limit the disruption to our end-customers’ ordering practices and the pricing environment for our legacy products and services. In addition, we also must monitor the performance of these products and provide additional support as they are adopted and first used in the field and performance issues are identified at scales of use greater than we may be able to create or anticipate during product development. We will need to continue to react and respond to these changes through innovation and improved execution in order for our business to succeed, and will incur related research and development and support expenses as we do it.
Our ability to develop and make more productive relationships with our solution and channel partners and our channel partners’ ability to effectively develop sales opportunities and distribute our products continues to be a key opportunity for us. For example, we announced in April 2015 a new relationship with Dell Inc., whereby Dell became a reseller of Aerohive’s Wi-Fi and cloud services. In September 2015, we announced with Brocade and Juniper Networks collaborations that allow us to meet in the channel and co-sell a combined wired and wireless solutions to our end-customers. In February 2016, we announced a partnership with SYNNEX Corporation, as a value-added distributor of our products in the United States and Canada. To support these new relationships, we are continuing to identify and invest in additional and dedicated resources and, potentially, new product, service and support offerings. It will take time for us to fully realize the benefits from these investments, including, specifically from our continued relationship with Dell.
Key Components of Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Revenue
We generate revenue from the sales of our products and services, and recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.
Our total revenue comprises the following:
Product Revenue.  Our product revenue consists of revenue from sales of our hardware products, which include wireless access points, branch routers, and switches, all of which are embedded with our proprietary operating system, HiveOS, and perpetual licenses of our unified network management system, HiveManager, and other software applications, as well as related accessories. We recognize product revenue at the time of shipment, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. For our VAD arrangements where we permit our VADs to stock inventory, we recognize revenue when our VADs have shipped the products to our end-customers (or to VARs that have identified end-customers), provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.
Software Subscription and Services Revenue.  Our software subscription and services revenue consists of revenue from sales of our software subscription and services offerings that we deliver over a specified term. These offerings primarily include PCS related to our perpetual software licenses and subscriptions to HiveManager and other software applications delivered as SaaS, including related customer support, and from subsequent renewals of those contracts. To benefit fully from potential contract renewals, we plan to continue to invest in systems to better track existing customer support commitments and renewal opportunities and provide offerings which continue to be attractive to our customers. Our PCS includes tiered maintenance and support services under renewable, fee-based maintenance and support contracts, which include technical support, bug fixes, access to priority hardware replacement services and unspecified upgrades on a when-and-if available basis. Our SaaS subscriptions include comparable maintenance and support services. The higher the percentage of our end-customers that purchase SaaS subscriptions, as opposed to HiveManager and PCS, the higher our software subscription and services revenue will be as a percentage of our total revenue. We recognize software subscription and services revenue ratably over the term of

25



the contract, which is typically one, three or five years. As a result, our recognition of software subscription and services revenue lags our recognition of related product revenue.
Cost of Revenue
Our cost of revenue includes the following:
Cost of Product Revenue.  Our cost of product revenue primarily includes manufacturing costs of our products payable to third-party manufacturers. Our cost of product revenue also includes personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, shipping costs, third-party logistics costs, provisions for excess and obsolete inventory, warranty and replacement costs, the depreciation and amortization of testing and imaging equipment, inbound license fees, certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs, and other expenses associated with logistics and quality control.
Cost of Software Subscription and Services Revenue.  Our cost of software subscription and services revenue primarily includes personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, certain allocated facilities information technology infrastructure costs, costs associated with our provision of PCS and SaaS and datacenter costs. Our cost of software subscription and services revenue also includes amortization of HiveManager NG, our internally developed, next-generation cloud services platform, which we completed and launched in April 2015.
Gross Profit
Our gross profit has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including product shipment volumes, average sales prices of our products, discounts we offer to our VAR and VAD partners, the mix of revenue between products and software subscription and services, and the mix of hardware products sold, because our hardware products have varying gross margins depending on the product offering and the lifecycle of the product. Historically, our software subscription and services gross margin has been lower than our product gross margin; however, we expect our software subscription and services gross margin to increase over the long term because we expect our software subscription and services revenue to increase more quickly than our cost of software subscription and services revenue. We expect our gross margin to be volatile and may decrease in any given time in the event we experience additional competitive pricing pressure. For example, competitors such as Cisco Systems, Hewlett Packard (who recently acquired Aruba Networks) and Brocade (who recently acquired Ruckus Networks), have significantly greater financial resources and could attempt to gain a competitive advantage over us by aggressively lowering prices. Their ability to develop broader suites of products, and provide a complete and integrated wired and wireless hardware solution may be preferable to our end-customers. The continuing strength of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies of the countries of our VADs or end-customer who purchase our products, or our contract manufacturers or the component suppliers to our contract manufacturers, may require us to reduce pricing for our products outside the United States in order to maintain sales and revenue performance, or raise the cost we must pay to our manufacturers for our products, resulting in either case in lower revenue and/or gross margins for those products. We also expect that our revenue and gross margin will fluctuate from period to period depending on these and other factors.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses include the following:
Research and Development.  Our research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including bonuses, stock-based compensation, recruiting fees and travel expenses for employees engaged in research, design and development activities. Research and development expenses also include costs for prototype-related expenses, product certification, consulting services, depreciation and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs. We believe that continued investment in research and development is important to attaining our strategic objectives. Over time, we expect our research and development expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in the development of our products and services. Our research and development expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period to period due to the seasonality of our total revenue and the timing and extent of our research and development expenses.
Sales and Marketing.  Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including commission costs, stock-based compensation, recruiting fees and travel expenses for employees engaged in sales and marketing activities. Commission expenses have historically been based on completed contracts, which might not match with revenue recognized in the same period. In the first quarter of 2016, we voluntarily changed our accounting policy for sales commissions to defer the sales commission in proportion to the same period that the revenue is recognized. (See Note 1 of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for more information about our accounting policy for sales commissions.) Sales and marketing expenses also include the cost of trade shows, marketing and training programs, promotional materials, demonstration equipment, consulting services, depreciation and certain allocated facilities and information technology

26



infrastructure costs. Over time, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we increase the size of our sales and marketing organization, expand into new markets and further develop our channel program. Our sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period to period due to the seasonality of our total revenue and the timing and extent of our sales and marketing expenses.
  General and Administrative.  Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including bonuses, stock-based compensation and travel expenses for our executive, finance, human resources, legal and operations employees, as well as compensation for our board of directors. General and administrative expenses also include fees for outside consulting, legal, audit, investor relations, and accounting service and insurance, as well as depreciation and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs. As a public company we also have experienced increased litigation, relating both to intellectual property claims of others as well as securities claims brought by certain of our stockholders. Defending and resolving these claims, including under indemnity commitments we have made to third parties, has imposed costs on us. Over time, we expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars due to the additional legal, accounting, insurance, investor relations, information technology and other costs that we will continue to incur as a public company, as well as other costs associated with growing our business. Our general and administrative expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period to period due to the seasonality of our total revenue and the timing and extent of our general and administrative expenses.
Interest Income
Our interest income primarily consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalent and short-term investments. We have invested our cash in money-market funds and other short-term, high quality investments. Historically, our interest income has not been material.
Interest Expense
Our interest expense consists primarily of interest on our indebtedness. See Note 4 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for more information about our debt.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Our other income (expense), net primarily consists of gains and losses from foreign currency exchange transactions. Historically, our other income (expense) has not been material.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of foreign tax expense due to our cost-plus agreements with our foreign entities, which guarantee foreign entities a profit, and to a lesser extent federal and state income tax expense. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, we maintained a full valuation allowance against our domestic deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards and research and development and other tax credits.

27



Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented in dollars (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
39,536

 
$
30,751

 
$
71,992

 
$
51,231

Software subscription and services
8,095

 
6,085

 
15,767

 
11,422

Total revenue
47,631

 
36,836

 
87,759

 
62,653

Cost of revenue(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
12,413

 
9,619

 
22,852

 
16,427

Software subscription and services
3,050

 
2,526

 
5,953

 
4,354

Total cost of revenue
15,463

 
12,145

 
28,805

 
20,781

Gross profit
32,168

 
24,691

 
58,954

 
41,872

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development(1)
10,562

 
8,883

 
20,772

 
16,393

Sales and marketing(1)
21,322

 
20,195

 
42,390

 
38,689

General and administrative(1)
7,725

 
6,206

 
15,620

 
12,453

Operating loss
(7,441
)
 
(10,593
)
 
(19,828
)
 
(25,663
)
Interest income
117

 
19

 
236

 
33

Interest expense
(110
)
 
(173
)
 
(236
)
 
(927
)
Other income, net
90

 
19

 
106

 
154

Loss before income taxes
(7,344
)
 
(10,728
)
 
(19,722
)
 
(26,403
)
Income tax provision
(68
)
 
(99
)
 
(213
)
 
(207
)
Net loss
$
(7,412
)
 
$
(10,827
)
 
$
(19,935
)
 
$
(26,610
)
(1)Includes stock-based compensation as follows:    
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
$
321

 
$
217

 
$
593

 
$
382

Research and development
1,366

 
1,001

 
2,711

 
1,987

Sales and marketing
2,063

 
1,727

 
3,831

 
3,224

General and administrative
1,704

 
1,419

 
3,215

 
2,593

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
5,454

 
$
4,364

 
$
10,350

 
$
8,186

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented as a percentage of our total revenue:

28



 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
83
 %
 
83
 %
 
82
 %
 
82
 %
Software subscription and services
17

 
17

 
18

 
18

Total revenue
100

 
100

 
100

 
100

Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
26

 
26

 
26

 
26

Software subscription and services
6

 
7

 
7

 
7

Total cost of revenue
32

 
33

 
33

 
33

Gross profit
68


67

 
67

 
67

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
22

 
24

 
24

 
26

Sales and marketing
45

 
55

 
48

 
62

General and administrative
17

 
17

 
18

 
20

Operating loss
(16
)

(29
)
 
(23
)
 
(41
)
Interest income

 

 

 

Interest expense

 

 

 
(1
)
Other income, net

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes
(16
)

(29
)
 
(23
)
 
(42
)
Income tax provision

 

 

 

Net loss
(16
)%

(29
)%
 
(23
)%
 
(42
)%

29



Revenues  
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
39,536

 
$
30,751

 
$
8,785

 
29
%
 
$
71,992

 
$
51,231

 
$
20,761

 
41
%
Software subscription and services
8,095

 
6,085

 
2,010

 
33
%
 
15,767

 
11,422

 
4,345

 
38
%
Total revenue
$
47,631

 
$
36,836

 
$
10,795

 
29
%
 
$
87,759

 
$
62,653

 
$
25,106

 
40
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
83
%
 
83
%
 
 
 
 
 
82
%
 
82
%
 
 
 
 
Software subscription and services
17
%
 
17
%
 
 
 
 
 
18
%
 
18
%
 
 
 
 
Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
 
 
 

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue by geographic region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Americas
$
28,685

 
$
24,818

 
$
3,867

 
16
%
 
$
53,045

 
$
38,911

 
$
14,134

 
36
%
EMEA
12,143

 
9,170

 
2,973

 
32
%
 
24,157

 
18,296

 
5,861

 
32
%
APAC
6,803

 
2,848

 
3,955

 
139
%
 
10,557

 
5,446

 
5,111

 
94
%
Total revenue
$
47,631

 
$
36,836

 
$
10,795

 
29
%
 
$
87,759

 
$
62,653

 
$
25,106

 
40
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of revenue by geographic region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Americas
60
%
 
67
%
 
 
 
 
 
60
%
 
62
%
 
 
 
 
EMEA
26
%
 
25
%
 
 
 
 
 
28
%
 
29
%
 
 
 
 
APAC
14
%
 
8
%
 
 
 
 
 
12
%
 
9
%
 
 
 
 
Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
 
 
 

Revenue increased $10.8 million, or 29%, for the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015, and increased $25.1 million, or 40%, for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to the increasing demand for our products and software subscription and services offerings. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, revenue was primarily impacted due to a pause in demand in U.S. education business due to various aspects and timing of the federal E-Rate program.
The increase in our product revenue of $8.8 million and $20.8 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods last year, was primarily the result of an aggregate increase in product unit shipments largely driven by sales of our intelligent Wi-Fi access points.
The increase in our software subscription and services revenue of $2.0 million and $4.3 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods last year, was primarily driven by the increase in sales of PCS and SaaS, including our HiveManager NG cloud management platform, in connection with increased sales of products and an increase in the number of our end-customers, and our recognition of deferred revenue in the period.
The Americas and EMEA accounted for the majority of our total revenue, and the increase of revenue in both regions was primarily due to increased demand for our products in these regions. Our total number of end-customers increased from approximately 22,000 as of June 30, 2015 to approximately 27,000 as of June 30, 2016.
Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

30



 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
12,413

 
$
9,619

 
$
2,794

 
29
%
 
$
22,852

 
$
16,427

 
$
6,425

 
39
%
Software subscription and services
3,050

 
2,526

 
524

 
21
%
 
5,953

 
4,354

 
1,599

 
37
%
Total cost of revenues
$
15,463

 
$
12,145

 
$
3,318

 
27
%
 
$
28,805

 
$
20,781

 
$
8,024

 
39
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross margin:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
68.6
%
 
68.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
68.3
%
 
67.9
%
 
 
 
 
Software subscription and services
62.3
%
 
58.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
62.2
%
 
61.9
%
 
 
 
 
Total gross margin
67.5
%
 
67.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
67.2
%
 
66.8
%
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue increased $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015 and increased 8.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015. We primarily attribute the increase in our cost of product revenue to an increase in sales of our products. We primarily relate the increase in our cost of software subscription and services revenue to an increase in cloud operations and support personnel headcount as well as the amortization of our capitalized cloud service platform.
Product gross margin for the three months ended June 30, 2016 remained flat compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015, and increased for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the same period last year. The increase in our product gross margin was primarily due to the product mix. Software subscription and services gross margin increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase in our software subscription and services gross margin was primarily due to higher growth in our software subscription and services revenue than our related cost of delivering these software subscription and services, partially offset by the amortization of our capitalized cloud service platform.
Research and Development
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Research and development
$
10,562

 
$
8,883

 
$
1,679

 
19
%
 
$
20,772

 
$
16,393

 
$
4,379

 
27
%
% of revenue
22
%
 
24
%
 
 
 
 
 
24
%
 
26
%
 
 
 
 

Research and development expense increased $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.3 million in personnel and related costs, including stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million, driven by our increased research and development headcount to support continued investment in our future product and service offerings, and an increase of $0.4 million due to higher costs related to product certifications.

Research and development expense increased $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $3.9 million in personnel and related costs, including stock-based compensation expense of $0.7 million, driven by our increased research and development headcount to support continued investment in our future product and service offerings, and an increase of $0.5 million due to higher costs related to product certifications.
We expect that research and development costs will continue to increase over time in absolute dollars, as we continue to invest in developing new products and new versions of our existing products.
Sales and Marketing

31



 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing
$
21,322

 
$
20,195

 
$
1,127

 
6
%
 
$
42,390

 
$
38,689

 
$
3,701

 
10
%
% of revenue
45
%
 
55
%
 
 
 
 
 
48
%
 
62
%
 
 
 
 

Sales and marketing expense increased $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015. The increase was primarily due to increases in personnel and related costs of $2.3 million, including increased headcount, bonuses, stock-based compensation expense and higher commissions, offset by a $1.2 million decrease in spending for marketing programs and travel-related expenses.

Sales and marketing expense increased $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase was primarily due to increases in personnel and related costs of $5.0 million, including increased headcount, bonuses, stock-based compensation expense and higher commissions, offset by a $1.3 million decrease in spending for marketing programs and travel-related expenses.

We expect that sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase over time in absolute dollars as we continue to add sales personnel and continue marketing programs.
General and Administrative
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative
$
7,725

 
$
6,206

 
$
1,519

 
24
%
 
$
15,620

 
$
12,453

 
$
3,167

 
25
%
% of revenue
17
%
 
17
%
 
 
 
 
 
18
%
 
20
%
 
 
 
 
General and administrative expense increased $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015. The increase was primarily due to expenses related to our facility relocation expense of $0.9 million including a cease-use loss of $0.6 million, increase in litigation settlement expense of $0.3 million, and stock-based compensation expense of $0.3 million.
General and administrative expense increased $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase was primarily related to increases in litigation settlement expense of $1.4 million, primarily due to settlement of our class action complaint related to our Form S-1 filing, increase in personnel and related costs of $0.9 million including stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million, and expenses related to our headquarter relocation of $0.9 million including a cease-use loss of $0.6 million.
We expect that general and administrative expenses will continue to increase over time in absolute dollars due primarily to costs associated with being a public company and to support the growth in our business.
Interest Income
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Interest income
$
117

 
$
19

 
$
98

 
516
%
 
$
236

 
$
33

 
$
203

 
615
%
Interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 increased compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 primarily due to income earned on our short-term investments.
Interest Expense
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense
$
(110
)
 
$
(173
)
 
$
63

 
(36
)%
 
$
(236
)
 
$
(927
)
 
$
691

 
(75
)%

32



Interest expense primarily consisted of interest expense from our loan credit facilities. The decrease in our interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to the repayment of outstanding obligations under TriplePoint Capital LLC term loan credit facility in the first quarter of 2015, partially offset by additional borrowing from Silicon Valley Bank under the revolving credit facility as the interest rate is lower under the Silicon Valley Bank revolving credit facility than the former TriplePoint Capital LLC term loan credit facility. See Note 4 of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for more information about our debt.
Other Income, Net
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
(dollars in thousands)
Other income, net
$
90

 
$
19

 
$
71

 
374
%
 
$
106

 
$
154

 
$
(48
)
 
(31
)%
The change in our other income, net was not significant.

33



Liquidity and Capital Resources
Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of $39.3 million and short-term investments of $39.6 million. $77.5 million of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were held within the United States.
As of June 30, 2016, 2016, we had $20.0 million of outstanding debt, under our revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, and we were in compliance with all covenants under our loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of our spending to support our research and development efforts, the expansion of our sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced product and service offerings, the costs to ensure access to adequate manufacturing capacity, and the level of market acceptance of our products. However, we may be required to raise additional funds in the future through public or private debt or equity financing to meet additional working capital requirements. We cannot assure our stockholders that this additional financing will be available to us or, if available, will be on reasonable terms and not dilutive to our stockholders. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms our business and operating results could be adversely affected.    
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities
$
(12,229
)
 
$
(11,600
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
4,573

 
(2,849
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
1,252

 
1,770

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
$
(6,404
)
 
$
(12,679
)
Operating Activities
We recently demonstrated positive cash flow in our third and fourth quarters of our fiscal 2015. However, we have historically experienced negative cash flows from operating activities as we continue to invest in our business, which we again experienced in our first and second quarter of fiscal 2016. Our largest uses of cash from operating activities is for employee-related expenditures and purchases of finished products from our contract manufacturers. Our primary source of cash flows from operating activities is cash receipts from our channel partners. Our cash flows from operating activities will continue to be affected principally by the extent to which we grow our total revenue and our operating expenses, primarily in our sales and marketing and research and development functions, in order to grow our business.
For the six months ended June 30, 2016, operating activities used $12.2 million of cash as a result of our net loss of $19.9 million, and a net change of $4.7 million in our net operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by non-cash charges of $12.4 million. Non-cash charges consisted primarily of stock-based compensation of $10.4 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $1.8 million. The net change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $6.7 million increase in accounts receivable, $3.9 million increase in cash used for inventory purchases, $4.5 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, partially offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $4.1 million as a result of an increase in sales of PCS and SaaS, increase in accrued liabilities of $5.1 million and an increase in accounts payable of $1.1 million. Our days sales outstanding, or DSO, was 56 days as of June 30, 2016, which we calculate by dividing net accounts receivable at the end of the quarter by revenue recognized during the quarter, multiplied by the total days in the quarter.
For the six months ended June 30, 2015, operating activities used $11.6 million of cash as a result of our net loss of $26.6 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $10.1 million and a net change of $4.9 million in our net operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges consisted primarily of stock-based compensation of $8.2 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $1.6 million. The net change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $3.9 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $1.8 million increase in accounts payable, and a $4.8 million increase in deferred revenue as a result of an increase in sales of SaaS, partially offset by an increase of $3.6 million in cash used for inventory purchases and an increase of $1.7 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Our DSO, was 49 days as of June 30, 2015.

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Investing Activities
Our investing activities have primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment, capitalized internal-developed software for our cloud service platform, an investment in a privately held company and purchases and sales of marketable securities.
For the six months ended June 30, 2016, cash provided by investing activities was $4.6 million, which we primarily attribute to sales of marketable securities of $11.4 million offset by cash used for purchases of marketable securities of $4.6 million, cash used to purchase investment in a privately held company of $1.5 million and purchases of property and equipment of $0.7 million, relating primarily to manufacturing, research and development lab equipment.
For the six months ended June 30, 2015, cash used in investing activities was $2.8 million, which we primarily attribute to capitalization of internal software development costs for development of our internal-developed software for our cloud service platform of $1.9 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $0.9 million, relating primarily to manufacturing, research and development lab equipment and purchased software. The capitalization of internal software development costs for our cloud service platform represents personnel and related costs including wages and bonuses. We started to capitalize costs for the development from December 2013. In April 2015, we launched HiveManager NG, our cloud service platform, and started to amortize the capitalized costs as part of the cost of software subscription and services, over an estimated useful life of five years.
Financing Activities
Our financing activities have primarily consisted of issuance of debt, proceeds from exercises of stock options and proceeds from employee stock purchase plan, and repurchase of treasury shares.
For the six months ended June 30, 2016, financing activities provided $1.3 million of cash, primarily as a result of $2.9 million in proceeds from employee purchases under our stock purchase plan, $0.4 million in proceeds from exercise of stock options offset by $1.5 million cash used for repurchase of treasury shares, and $0.5 million cash used to satisfy our estimate of minimum tax withholding requirements on vesting of restricted stock units.
For the six months ended June 30, 2015, financing activities provided $1.8 million of cash, primarily as a result of a $2.3 million in proceeds from employee purchases under our stock purchase plan and $0.9 million in proceeds from exercises of stock options offset by $1.4 million cash used to satisfy our estimate of minimum tax withholding requirements on vesting of restricted stock units. As of March 31, 2015, we paid-off in full the $10.0 million outstanding under our term loans with TriplePoint Capital LLC and borrowed an additional $10.0 million, for a total of $20.0 million, under our revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank.
Debt Obligations
In June 2012, we entered into a revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank. Our revolving credit facility is collateralized by substantially all of our property, other than our intellectual property. Prior to March 31, 2015, the revolving credit facility bore monthly interest at a floating rate equal to the greater of (i) 4.00% or (ii) prime rate plus 0.75%. By amendment in March 2015, interest on the credit facility was adjusted as of March 31, 2015 to a floating rate equal to the lesser of (i) LIBOR rate plus 2.25% or (ii) prime rate minus 0.5%. In November 2015, we further amended the revolving credit facility to adjust effective January 1, 2016 the floating interest rate to the lesser of (i) LIBOR rate plus 1.75% or (ii) prime rate minus 1.0%. The weighted average interest rate of the revolving credit facility was 2.22% and 2.79%, for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and 2.37% and 3.22%, for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The revolving credit facility currently provides, among other things, (i) a maturity date of March 31, 2017; and (ii) a revolving line up to $20.0 million, subject to certain conditions.
The revolving credit facility contains customary negative covenants which, unless approved by SVB, limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, repurchase stock, pay dividends, transfer assets and merge or consolidate, as well as requires us to maintain a minimum adjusted quick ratio of 1.25 to 1.00 as of the last day of each month and to demonstrate minimum cash balances in order to have access to the available borrowing. The revolving credit facility also contains customary events of default, subject to customary cure periods for certain defaults, that include, among other things, non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, material judgment defaults, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, cross-defaults to certain other material indebtedness, and defaults arising from inaccuracy of representation and warranties. Upon an event of default, the lenders may declare all or a portion of the outstanding obligations payable by us to be immediately due and payable and exercise other rights and remedies provided under the credit facility. During the existence of

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an event of default, interest on the obligations under the credit facility could be increased by 5.0%. As of June 30, 2016, $20.0 million remains outstanding under the revolving credit facility and we were in compliance with these covenants.
We have been using the amount drawn under the revolving credit facility for working capital and general corporate purposes.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Through June 30, 2016, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
We have entered into agreements with some of our end-customers that contain indemnification provisions in the event of claims alleging that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of a third party. Under these agreements, we have, at our option and expense, the ability to resolve any infringement, replace our product with a non-infringing product that is equivalent-in-function, or refund the customers the total product price. Other guarantees or indemnification arrangements include guarantees of product and service performance. We have not recorded a liability related to these indemnifications and guarantee provisions and our guarantees and indemnification arrangements have not had any impact on our consolidated financial statements to date.
ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and our outstanding debt obligations. We had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $79.0 million and $92.3 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. We held these amounts primarily in bank deposits, money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and bonds issued by corporate institutions and U.S. government agencies. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. To date, fluctuations in interest income have not been significant.
We have outstanding debt of $20.0 million as of June 30, 2016, consisting of our borrowing under our revolving line of credit. The revolving line of credit bears interest at a variable rate.
We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates during any of the periods presented would not have a material impact on our financial statements.
Foreign Currency Risk
We denominate all of our sales in U.S. dollars and, therefore, our revenues are not currently subject to significant foreign currency risk. However, the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to foreign currencies continues to be strong, which could make the price of our products outside the United States less competitive, reducing our sales or requiring us to lower pricing for our products outside the United States in order to maintain sales and revenue performance. Our operating expenses are denominated in the currencies of the countries in which our operations are located, including in EMEA and APAC, and may be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To date, we have not used derivative financial instruments to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency exchange risks. A hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would have an insignificant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2016. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure

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controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2016, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information set forth under the “Contingencies” subheading in Note 5 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
In evaluating Aerohive and our business, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this report, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. If any of the following or other risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects could be materially harmed. In that event, the price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have a history of losses and we may not achieve profitability in the future.
In February 2016, we indicated that we believe we can achieve quarterly non-GAAP operating profitability in 2016, based on revenues in the range of $50 million to $51 million, and that we expect to meet this objective through a combination of revenue growth and controlled operating expenses. However, we have a history of losses and we have never achieved profitability on a quarterly or annual basis, and we cannot predict with certainty whether or when we might be profitable in the foreseeable future. We experienced net losses on a GAAP basis of $29.0 million, $44.2 million and $19.9 million for fiscal years 2014 and 2015 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. As of June 30, 2016, our accumulated deficit was $210.3 million. We expect to continue to incur expenses associated with the continued development and expansion of our business, including expenditures to hire additional personnel, including specifically personnel relating to sales and marketing and engineering, and investments in channel and product development and support. As such, we may not control our expenses sufficiently to achieve operating profitability on a non-GAAP basis even if we achieve quarterly revenue in the indicated range. If we fail to increase our revenue and manage our cost structure, we may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future. Once achieved, we may not be able to sustain or increase our profitability, at all or at levels our investors or industry analysts expect, or we may choose to continue to make investments in our operations which we feel will promote long-term growth but which will reduce near-term profitability. This could also require us to continue to use available cash to support our investments and ongoing operations. As a result, our business and prospects, and how investors view and value our common stock, would be harmed.
It is difficult for us to evaluate our prospects and future financial results, which may increase the risk that we will not be successful.
It is difficult for us to forecast our future operating results. Our prospects should be considered and evaluated in light of the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies similarly with limited operating histories. These risks and difficulties include challenges in accurate financial planning as a result of limited historical data and the uncertainties resulting

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from having had a relatively limited time period in which to implement and evaluate our business strategies as compared to more mature companies with longer operating histories.
Our operating results may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results in any particular period or over an extended period to fall below expectations of investors or analysts.
Our quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past and we expect will continue to fluctuate significantly in the future. In particular, the timing and size of sales of our products and services are highly variable and difficult to predict and can result in significant fluctuations in our revenue from period to period. Other participants in our industry have also experienced these fluctuations. As a result, our future results in any particular period or over any extended period may be difficult for us, our investors and analysts to predict.
In addition, our planned expense levels depend in part on our expectations of future revenue. We may choose to increase levels of investment in areas such as R&D and sales and marketing, despite near-term fluctuations in revenue, in order to position us for continued growth. In addition, because any substantial adjustment to expenses to account for lower levels of revenue may be difficult and may take time to implement, we may not be able to timely reduce our costs sufficiently to compensate for a shortfall in revenue, even when we may anticipate the shortfall. In such instances, even a small shortfall or seasonal fluctuation in revenue could disproportionately and adversely affect our operating margin, operating results and use of cash for a given quarter.
Our operating results may also fluctuate due to a variety of other factors, both within and outside of our control and which we may not foresee, or which we may foresee but not effectively manage, including the changing and volatile domestic and international economic environments, and demand for our products in general and from any particular vertical which may be a target market for our products, and any of which may cause our stock price to fluctuate. In addition to other risks listed in this “Risk Factors” section, factors that may affect our operating results include:
fluctuations in demand for our products and services, including seasonal variations, especially in the education vertical where purchasing in the United States is typically stronger in the second and third quarters and weakest in the first and fourth quarters, and where purchasing at any time may depend on the availability of funding, including fluctuations based on government sponsored initiatives, including specifically the timing and availability of funding for schools under the FCC’s E-Rate program and the decisions of schools to defer purchases in anticipation of the availability of such funding or due to a decision to delay product deployments;
the sequential seasonal expansion of our operating performance typically from the first quarter to the second quarter, and our ability to sustain that expansion in subsequent quarters;
our ability to hire, train, develop, integrate and retain a sufficient number of skilled sales and engineering employees to support our continued growth, including in Silicon Valley and internationally, and to replace turn-over of our employees in these functions and locations;
turn-over of our skilled sales and engineering employees, including internationally;
the complexity, length and associated unpredictability of our sales cycles for our products and services;
changes in end-customers’ budgets for technology purchases and delays in their purchasing decisions and cycles;
technical challenges in end-customer networks, which may be unrelated to our products, which could delay adoption and installation and impact the operation of our products and purchases of our services;
delay in development and availability of component parts needed for development and timely introduction of our next-generation products and product features;
our ability to develop, increase and sustain sales capacity across all our sales territories;
changing market conditions;
changes in the competitive dynamics of our target markets, including new entrants, further consolidation and pricing trends;
variation in sales channels, product costs, prices or the mix of products we sell;
our contract manufacturers’ and component suppliers’ ability to meet our product demand forecasts on time, at acceptable prices, or at all, particularly with respect to our newer products;
our ability to develop and make more productive relationships with our channel and strategic partners, including specifically Dell, and such partners’ ability to effectively develop sales opportunities for us and distribute our products;

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the timing of our product releases or upgrades by us or by our competitors, such as next-generation products or product features;
delays in new product introductions and our ability to manage the transition from existing products and operating platforms to new products and platforms;
our ability to develop, introduce and ship in a timely manner new products and product enhancements, to support and improve such products after introduction, and to anticipate future market demands that meet our end-customers’ and channel partners’ requirements;
our ability to successfully expand the suite of products we sell and services we offer to existing end-customers and channel partners, to manage the transition of our end-customers to these new products and services, including transition timeline of our end-customers to HiveManager NG, and to limit disruption to our end-customers’ ordering practices and the pricing environment for our legacy products and services;
the potential need to record additional inventory reserves for products that may become obsolete or slow moving due to our new product introductions, changes in end-customer requirements, new competitive product or service offerings or our over-estimation of demand for such products as of any particular period;
our decision to continue or increase our investments in sales, marketing, engineering and other activities in response to changes in the marketplace or perceived marketplace opportunities or in anticipation of or to position us for future growth;
our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses and the costs of the components we purchase while also continuing to invest in sales, marketing, engineering and other activities;
the continuing strength of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies of the countries of our VADs or end-customers who purchase our products, or of our contract manufacturers or the component suppliers to our contract manufacturers, may require us to reduce pricing for our products outside the United States in order to maintain sales and revenue performance, or raise the cost we must pay to our manufacturers for our products, resulting in either case in lower revenue and/or gross margins for those products;
our ability to derive benefits from our continuing investments in sales, marketing, engineering or other activities;
growth in our headcount, including hiring related to our status as a public company and hiring to support any future growth in our business, especially skilled sales and engineering employees;
volatility in our stock price, which may lead to higher stock compensation expenses or harm our ability to effectively attract, incentivize and retain our employees using stock-based compensation;
the ability of our competitors, including those with greater financial resources, to introduce new products, product features and services more quickly and in response to end-customer demand and to drive down pricing on our products and services, which could materially reduce our revenue and gross margins;
our ability to achieve as of any particular period or over time a level of financial performance consistent with the expectations of our investors and industry analysts; and
general economic or political conditions in our domestic and international markets.

The effects of these factors individually or in combination, create unpredictability in our quarterly and annual operating results, our ability to forecast those results and our ability to achieve those forecasts. As a result, you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance and comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis, or anticipating our future results based on our public forecasts may not be meaningful. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of our investors or financial analysts for any period. We may release guidance in our quarterly earnings conference calls, quarterly earnings releases, or otherwise, based on management predictions, which are necessarily speculative in nature. Our guidance may vary, and has varied, materially from actual results. For example, on October 13, 2014, we issued a press release announcing our preliminary results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2014, which were below our previously stated guidance primarily due to weaker-than-expected order volume. Similarly, on February 11, 2015, we provided a guidance range for revenue for our first quarter ending March 31, 2015, which was below the estimates of financial analysts at that time. On April 13, 2015, we provided a revised lower guidance range for our revenue for the quarter, primarily due to a combination of significantly lower-than-expected U.S. education business during the quarter, orders received late in the quarter that could not be recognized as revenue, and continued sales execution challenges. If our revenue or operating results, or the rate of growth of our revenue or operating results, fall below the expectations of our investors or financial analysts, or below any forecasts or guidance we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met our own or other publicly stated revenue or earnings forecasts. Our

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failure to meet our own or other publicly stated revenue or earnings forecasts, or even when we meet our own forecasts but fall short of analyst or investor expectations, could cause our stock price to decline and expose us to costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits. Such litigation against us could impose substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.
Our results are subject to quarterly seasonal variances, which make it difficult to compare or forecast our financial results on a quarter-by-quarter basis.
Our revenue fluctuates on a seasonal basis, which affects the comparability of our results between periods. For example, our total revenue has historically decreased from our fourth quarter to the first quarter of our next fiscal year due to seasonal buying patterns and budget cycles within both our education vertical and general enterprise end-customers. Demand in the education vertical tends to be weakest in the first and fourth quarters. However, we also historically have seen a sequential increase in end-of-year purchases by enterprise customers in our fourth quarter, which we believe is mainly due to an expectation to complete purchases within their calendar-year budget cycle. These seasonal variations are difficult to predict accurately and at times may be entirely unpredictable. In addition, the typical sequential expansion of our operating performance from the first quarter to the second quarter can create execution, delivery and product support challenges in subsequent quarters. Our ability to sustain that expansion in subsequent quarters, particularly in our less-developed sales territories, introduces additional risk into our business and our ability to accurately provide our own publicly stated revenue and earnings forecasts. In addition, we rely upon forecasts of end-customer demand to build inventory in advance of anticipated sales. We believe our past growth has, in part, made our seasonal patterns more difficult to discern, making it more difficult for us to predict future seasonal patterns and, therefore, forecast product demand and inventory requirements. Moreover, part of our strategy is to increase our sales in non-education verticals, and if our sales mix changes the seasonal nature of our revenue may change in an unpredictable way, which could increase the volatility of both our financial results and stock price.
The market and demand for our products and services may not develop as we expect.
Our year-over-year revenue grew 10% from 2014 to 2015, 28% from 2013 to 2014 and 50% from 2012 to 2013. The slowing rate of our revenue growth may continue as the general demand for wireless networking in the industry verticals that we target, or demand for our products in particular, may grow at a slower rate than we anticipate or not at all. For example, enterprises may rely more heavily upon cellular connectivity, whose speed and convenience may grow rapidly in coming years, while costs decline. The wireless networking radio spectrum may become more crowded, reducing performance of wireless networking devices.
Part of our strategy depends upon expanding sales of our cloud-managed wireless networking, switching and routing products to medium and large enterprise headquarters, branch offices and teleworkers. In addition, we intend to develop HiveManager NG, our next-generation cloud services platform as a basis for data services and data analytics applications. Sales of such products, services and applications to enterprise end-customers typically require long sales cycles and are subject to price sensitivity. Moreover, many potential end-customers in the enterprise market have substantial network expertise and experience, which may require a more-costly and sophisticated marketing and sales strategy. It is unclear whether our end-customers will pay for data analytics or other SaaS services we expect to provide or, instead, require us to provide them as enhancements to our support offerings (at no cost to them or incremental revenue to us).
If our competitors offer services or provide technologies or application platforms superior to our cloud-managed platform, alone or as part of a more-integrated offering or at reduced pricing, it would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our target end-customers could discontinue use of wireless networking technology; the use of wireless networking-enabled mobile devices could decrease or wireless networking could cease to be the preferred connectivity option for our target markets. As a result, demand for our products, services and applications may not continue to develop as we anticipate, or at all, and the value of our stock could decline.
A significant portion of our sales is concentrated in the education vertical, which may cause us to have longer sales cycles, and be subject to program funding constraints.
A significant portion of our revenue is concentrated in the education vertical. The majority of our sales in education is concentrated in both public and private K-12 institutions. This vertical is characterized by long sales cycles and often requires additional sales efforts. In addition, this vertical typically operates on limited budgets, and depends on annual budget approvals, which add additional uncertainty to the sales cycle. For example, the U.S. federal government is providing supplemental funding to local school districts in conjunction with its E-Rate initiative to assist districts to upgrade their technical infrastructure, including Wi-Fi infrastructure. The announced incremental federal funding is significant and available over a five-year period, which began in the second half of 2015. However, this program, its eligibility criteria, the timing and specific

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amount of federal funding actually available during each annual funding cycle and which Wi-Fi infrastructure and product sectors will benefit, are subject to federal program guidelines and funding appropriations, which can change from year-to-year. Corresponding funding appropriation by respective states and local districts is also uncertain and, even upon such appropriation, local districts must still then submit and have approved applications consistent with the final timing and eligibility requirements of the federal program for that annual funding cycle. We also believe that the prospect of federal funding available each annual cycle continues to cause some K-12 institutions to delay or defer near-term transactions they might otherwise make during the cycle to purchase our products.

Purchases made by schools before April 1, 2015 were not eligible for E-Rate funding and actual E-Rate funding was not released to schools and libraries to fund transactions until after July 1, 2015. In order to be eligible for funding during a particular annual funding cycle the schools and libraries must then receive a Funding Commitment Decision Letter. We believe that based on the availability of this federal funding end-customers in the education vertical typically defer purchases until they secure E-Rate funding and receive a specific funding commitment letter. As a result, beginning in 2015, E-Rate amplified the historical sequential decline in product revenue we previously experienced from the fourth quarter into the first quarter and shifted spending from the first half of the year into the second half of the year, and even into the following year. We believe that in our fiscal 2015, this caused increased seasonal variations in demand for our products and services in the education vertical, making it more difficult to forecast our operating performance and achieve revenue and other operating results based on those forecasts. For example, the sales results for our first fiscal quarter 2015 were below expectations, primarily due to a pause in demand in U.S education business due to such various aspects and timing of the federal E-Rate program. We also saw K-12 spending shift during the 2015 annual funding cycle from the first half of the year into the second half of the year, and into our fiscal 2016 as well. We believe such deferrals and delays are continuing during the 2016 annual E-Rate funding cycle.

In 2016 E-Rate cycle, USAC also experienced significant administrative challenges that led them to extend the period for schools to submit Form 471 funding requests, and that led many schools to abandon their Form 470 bid requests or not submit their Form 471 funding requests in the first instance. Based on publicly reported information, the total value of submissions of Form 471 funding requests for "Category 2" projects in the 2016 funding cycle was 17% below the total value of funding requests submitted in the 2015 funding cycle. Aerohive increased its reported share of the funding requests for Wi-Fi products from 10% in 2015 to 11% in 2016; however, due to the overall reduction in funding requests, total Aerohive-related awards in 2016 appear to be 12% lower than the 2015 funding cycle. Further, USAC continues to report significant delays in its ability to process and fund such requests during the 2016 funding cycle, causing the pace of release of approved funds and resulting availability of those funds to schools to be significantly lower than in 2015. This is evidenced by the level of funds released through the 2016 "Wave 5" funding release being more than 69% below the comparable funding release period in 2015. We expect the timing of the availability of this reduced level of funding to delay schools' purchases of Aerohive products. For these reasons, we expect these delays, deferrals and apparently lower levels of E-Rate-funded transactions to impact our revenue performance for the second half of 2016 and potentially into 2017. These are specific examples of the many factors which add additional uncertainty to our future revenue from our educational end-customers.
Our sales cycles often require significant time, effort and investment and are subject to risks beyond our control.
Our sales efforts can take several quarters, and involve educating our potential customers about the applications and benefits of our products, including the technical capabilities of our products and associated applications and services, and recruiting and developing our channel partners. In our territories that experience turn-over, we may experience slower-than-expected sales productivity. We continue to invest in these territories, but such further investment may take significant time and effort in order to realize growth. As we respond to turn-over, newly hired personnel may also require several quarters to gain experience and develop their territories before achieving capacities we have assumed in our sales forecasts. Sales to the education vertical are an important channel for us, and can involve an extended sales cycle. In addition, sales to our enterprise customers may also involve an extended sales cycle, and often initial purchases are small. Purchases of our products are also frequently subject to our end-customers’ budget constraints, multiple approvals, unplanned administrative processing and other risks and delays. Such end-customers, in particular larger enterprise customers, also may hesitate to place orders with us, instead preferring our larger and longer-established competitors. In addition, the evolving nature of the market may lead prospective end-customers to postpone their purchasing decisions pending resolution of wireless networking or other standards, or wait for adoption of technology developed by others. We pay our sales staff commissions upon receiving orders; however, we typically recognize revenue on products only after the products are shipped to end-customers, or until certain other terms of sales are satisfied. As a result, some of the cost of obtaining sales, including manufacturing costs and expenses due to sales commissions, may occur in a fiscal period prior to the fiscal period in which we may recognize revenue from the sale, which may cause additional fluctuations in our operating results and cash flows and balances from quarter to quarter.

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We need to develop new products and continue to make enhancements to our existing products to remain competitive in a rapidly changing market.
The technology and end-customer demands in the wireless networking market change rapidly, which requires us to continuously develop and release new products and product features and associated applications and services. We must continuously anticipate and adapt to our end-customers’ needs and market trends, and continue to make investments to develop or acquire new products, applications and services that meet market demands, technology trends and regulatory requirements. If our competitors introduce new products, applications and services that compete with ours, we may be required to reposition our product offerings or introduce new products in response to such competitive pressure. If we fail to develop new products, product enhancements applications or services, or fail to effectively manage the transition of our end-customers to these new products, product enhancements, applications or services, or our end-customers or potential end-customers do not perceive our products, product enhancements, applications or services to have compelling technical advantages, our business and prospects could be adversely affected, particularly if our competitors are able to introduce solutions at lower prices and/or with increased functionality.
Developing our products is challenging and involves substantial commitment of resources and significant development risk. Each phase in our product development presents serious risks of failure, rework or delay, any one of which could impact the timing and cost-effective development of products, and each of which could affect our ability to take advantage of a business opportunity or could jeopardize end-customer acceptance of the product. Compared to our larger and longer-established competitors, our ability to develop and timely deliver new products and product functionality is limited. We also have experienced in the past and may in the future experience design, manufacturing, marketing and other difficulties that could delay or prevent the development, introduction or marketing of new products and enhancements. For example, we are currently developing and bringing to market the next-generation versions of our Wi-Fi hardware, including our .11ac “Wave 2” products, Ethernet switches and our HiveManager NG cloud services platform providing cloud-delivered network management applications and on-premises network management, as well as supporting data structures, analytics and APIs. We also recently announced programs to develop new data analytics services and API platforms. These are complex technical undertakings and subject to many variables and risks of delay. For example, we announced in August 2015 that our Wave 2 .11ac products, which we had expected to be commercially available in the second half of 2015, would be delayed until 2016. Limited availability in component parts may affect availability of our AP250 access point and the ability of our manufacturing partner and component suppliers to timely deliver sufficient quantities of this product consistent with our demand and sales forecasts. Similarly, our timeline to transition new and existing end customers to HiveManager NG and make our cloud services platform and applications available to customers in either a subscription public cloud or on-premises private cloud deployment has been delayed and we are now targeting completion for late-2017. This development timeline has also delayed our ability to demonstrate full feature and functional compatibility of this platform across certain other products, including specifically our new switch products. As a result, revenue from our switch products which we expected in the second half of our 2016 fiscal year will be delayed into 2017.
In addition, the introduction of new or enhanced products requires that we carefully manage the transition from older products to minimize disruption in customer ordering practices, and ensure that new products can be timely delivered to meet our end-customers’ demand and to limit inventory obsolescence. Further, after delivery of new products we may identify and must timely address performance issues as the products are used in the field in a particular environment or at scale which we could not replicate or did not anticipate during development. Our end-customers may also defer decisions to purchase our existing products in anticipation of our expected release of a next-generation product. For example, our end-customers who might otherwise have made decisions in 2015 or in our first quarter of fiscal 2016 to purchase our existing products may have deferred their purchases until later in 2016 in anticipation of our release of our Wave 2 products, and/or allow to these products to mature in the field. This may particularly be true of our K-12 end-customers, who are more inclined to adopt new radio technologies quicker than enterprise customers who are more inclined to deploy more-proven technologies and products. In addition, some competitors announced earlier in 2015 availability of their first Wave 2 products. Existing or potential customers considering our existing products or future availability of our Wave 2 products may elect instead to purchase competitor products currently or earlier available. We also may not correctly anticipate customer interest in or demand for our data analytics services or API platforms, or our customers may expect that we provide these additional services as part of our existing product support (and at no cost to them or incremental revenue to us). If we do not carefully manage the timing of our new products or product feature releases, and effectively support the new products and product feature releases, we could interfere with our end-customers’ continued purchases of our legacy product offerings and disrupt the pricing environment for our new and legacy products, which could drive down our revenues and operating margins. As a result, we may not be successful in modifying our current products or introducing new products in a timely or appropriately responsive manner, or at all. If we fail to address these changes successfully, our business and operating results and prospects would be materially harmed.

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Our gross margin will vary over time and may decline in the future.
Our gross margin was 67.2% and 66.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Our gross margin will vary over time, may be difficult to predict and may decline in future periods. Our gross margins also vary across our product lines and, therefore, a change in the mix of products our end-customers purchase would likely have a significant impact on our gross margins. We may face additional competition for these products, either by introduction of new products by new or existing competitors, or by our end-customers using lower-priced products, including our own, which are becoming increasingly more sophisticated.
In addition, the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to foreign currencies continues to be strong, which may require us to reduce pricing for our products outside the United States in order to maintain sales and revenue performance, or incur higher manufacturing costs, each of which would lower gross margins for those products.
In addition, the market for wireless networking products is characterized by rapid innovation and declining average sales prices as products mature in the market place. Even if we are successful in launching new products, competition may continue to increase in the market segments in which we compete, which would likely result in increased pricing competition. To retain our average margins, we are required to continuously update our products and introduce new products and reduce our manufacturing and sales-related costs and expenses, and we could fail to accomplish this. In addition, the sales prices for our products and services may decline for a variety of reasons, including sales strategy, competitive pricing pressures, customer demand, discounts, a change in our mix of products and services, including seasonal changes in our end-customers’ ordering practices, anticipation of the introduction of new products or services and decisions by end-customers to defer purchases, or promotional programs. For example, we may introduce new products or offerings, such as our .11ac AP130 access point which we announced in April 2015 or our AP250 and AP245X access points we announced in April 2016, at lower price points than competitive offerings or our own legacy offerings to help drive the adoption of our new products and this may adversely affect our revenues and operating margins. Larger competitors, such as Cisco/Meraki, Hewlett-Packard/Aruba and Brocade/Ruckus, each with significantly greater financial, sales and engineering resources and/or more diverse product and service offerings may reduce the price of their products or services that compete with ours or may bundle them with other products and services. If we do not similarly reduce our product manufacturing costs, our margins will decline. Alternatively, we would need to reduce our prices for such products or services in order to remain competitive, which would also cause our margins (and revenue) to decline. Any such declines in our gross margins or revenue could have an adverse impact on the value of our common stock.
As a result of being a public company, we need to further develop and maintain our internal control over financial reporting. If our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, it may adversely affect investor confidence in our company.
We are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which would include a disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting.
We continue to develop our system and documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. We may not be able to complete on an annual and ongoing basis our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective.
We cannot be certain that we will not discover material weaknesses or control deficiencies in the future. If our remediation efforts are not successful or other material weaknesses or control deficiencies occur in the future, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately or on a timely basis, which could cause our reported financial results to be materially misstated and result in the loss of investor confidence or delisting and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective or, if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls when it is required to do so by the applicable rules, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline, and we may be subject to investigation or sanctions by the SEC. We would also be in violation of certain covenants under our debt facilities, which could accelerate payment obligations and/or increase our borrowing costs significantly.
We are required to disclose changes made in our internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. To comply with the requirements of being a public company, we may need to undertake various actions, such as implementing new internal controls and procedures and hiring accounting or internal audit staff. However, our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until the later of the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC, or the date we are no longer an “emerging growth company,”

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as defined by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating. Further our remediation efforts may not enable us to avoid a material weakness in the future.
Our products utilize cloud-managed solutions, and our future growth relies in significant part in continued demand for cloud-managed solutions and our ability to develop and deliver such services.
Most of our end-customers utilize our cloud-managed networking platform to access our applications through the Internet, rather than access our application through a physical device or virtual machine that our end-customers host on their premises. As our business grows, we must increase the capacity of our cloud-managed solutions and continue to develop new and innovative solutions that meet the needs of our end-customers. Demand for our cloud-managed solutions could decline if we are not able to offer sufficient capacity or if confidence in the security of cloud-managed solutions in general, or our platform in particular, were to decline. In addition, a significant feature of our platform will increasingly be the ability to collect and analyze user data through applications specific to particular industry vertical and use cases. Regulatory changes relating to the use of end-customer data, including requirements relating to data privacy and security, or shifting societal norms regarding data privacy and security, could affect market demand for, and our ability to deploy, our platform. Moreover, although our end-customers do not immediately lose network functionality if cloud-connectivity fails, if our ability to deliver services through the cloud were interrupted repeatedly or for an extended period, our reputation could be damaged and confidence in our platform would likely decline, causing our revenue to decline.
We plan to target new industry verticals and geographies to diversify our end-customer base and expand our channel relationships, which could result in higher research and development and sales and marketing expenses, and if unsuccessful could reduce our operating margin.
Part of our strategy is to target new industry verticals and geographies. Currently, we focus a significant portion of our business on the education and retail verticals, and to a lesser extent healthcare, which may depend on developing new products targeted to such sectors. Specifically, we intend to invest in the development of data applications and analytics capabilities which we feel may be attractive to our end-customers, particularly in the retail vertical. In addition, we also plan to continue to expand to additional countries beyond those in which we currently operate. We also intend to invest in existing and new channel relationships to reach additional end-customers to further diversify our revenue base. Targeting new industry verticals and geographies and developing customized products, data applications and partnerships, including our channel partners, targeted to these industry verticals and geographies may be expensive, require us to attract, train, develop, integrate and retain qualified employees and key sales personnel, and increase our research and development costs, as well as our sales and marketing expenditures. We must also further develop and make more productive relationships with our channel partners and our channel partners’ ability to effectively market, distribute and support our products, which requires specific investments and additional dedicated resources. We do not know if we will be successful in any of these efforts, or whether the level of success we achieve will justify the additional spending and specific investments and dedicated resources required. For example, we announced in April 2015 a new relationship with Dell Inc., whereby Dell became a reseller of Aerohive’s Wi-Fi and cloud services. In September 2015, we announced with Brocade and Juniper Networks collaborations that allow us to meet in the channel and co-sell a combined wired and wireless solutions to our end-customers. In February 2016, we announced a partnership with SYNNEX Corporation, as a value-added distributor of our products in the United States and Canada. To support these relationships, we will need to continue to identify and invest in additional and dedicated resources and, potentially, new product, service and support offerings, which could distract management’s attention and divert existing resources from our current business. There is no assurance that these relationships will identify significant or new market opportunities or growth incremental to our existing business, if at all or at a level to justify our investments. For example, in April 2016, Brocade announced its acquisition of Ruckus Wireless, one of our competitors, and it is likely that transaction will reduce Brocade’s continuing investment in and support for its collaboration with us, and the level of business opportunities we might otherwise have expected to develop jointly with Brocade. It will also take time for us to fully realize the benefits from our continued relationship with Dell. If our channel strategy, or particular channel partner initiatives or investments, such as with Dell or others we may identify, are unsuccessful, our revenue performance and operating margin would be harmed, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
We base our inventory purchasing decisions on our forecasts of customers’ demand, and if these forecasts are inaccurate our revenue, gross margin and liquidity could be harmed.
We place orders with our manufacturers based on our forecasts of our end-customer demand. We base our forecasts on multiple assumptions, including internal and channel partner sales forecasts, each of which may cause our estimates to be inaccurate, affecting our ability to fulfill demand for our products. When demand for our products increases significantly, we may not be able to meet demand on a timely basis, or we may incur additional expediting costs to assure we meet demand. If

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we underestimate demand, we may forego revenue opportunities, lose market share and damage our reputation and our relationship with our channel partners and our end-customer relationships. Conversely, if we overestimate demand, we may purchase more inventory than we are able to sell at any given time, or at all, which would increase our reserves and risk of potential write-offs.
Our value-added distributors' stock inventory of our products, and are entitled in certain circumstances to limited stock rotation rights, which could cause us to accept the return of products and expose us to the risks of higher costs.
We previously granted our value-added distributors, or VADs, limited stock rotation rights, which could require us to accept stock back from a VAD’s inventory under certain circumstances. We are in the process of transitioning our contractual relationships with certain of our VADs to remove stock rotation rights. However, under certain agreements, a VAD may have or retain a right to return a portion of products which the VAD, typically purchased within the prior six months. Although we only recognize revenue upon shipment to the end-customer, if we are required to accept returns of obsolete or slower moving inventory, our costs would increase and our operating results could be harmed. If our forecasts were inaccurate we could have higher costs, lower revenue or otherwise suffer adverse financial consequences, including holding obsolete or slower moving inventory.
We outsource the manufacturing of our products to third parties, and we therefore do not have the ability to completely control quality over the manufacturing process. In addition, if our contract manufacturers refuse or are unable to manufacturer our products, we may be unable to qualify new manufacturers in a timely manner, which would result in our being unable to sell our products.
We outsource the manufacturing of our products to third-party original design manufacturers located in China and Taiwan. Finished products are then shipped to warehousing and delivery logistics centers in California and the Netherlands, where we perform quality inspection, conduct reliability testing and manage our inventory. We operate these logistics centers currently for all end-customer shipments, whether destined to locations in North, South and Central America, or the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, or EMEA, or Asia Pacific and Japan, or APAC.
Our reliance on these third-party manufacturers reduces our control over the manufacturing process and exposes us to risks, including reduced control over quality assurance, product costs, product supply and timing. Any manufacturing or shipping disruption by these third parties could severely impair our ability to fulfill orders. If we are unable to manage our relationships with these third parties effectively, or if these third parties suffer delay or suffer manufacturing disruptions for any reason, experience increased manufacturing lead-times, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations, or fail to meet our future requirements for timely delivery and quality purposes, our ability to ship products to our end-customers would be severely impaired and our reputation and our relationship with our VADs and end-customers would be seriously harmed. Additionally, labor unrest or disruption to trade or the expected movement of our product could delay delivery of our products by third parties, or by us to our channel partners and end-customers, which could significantly delay revenue or increase our costs and in ways we cannot currently anticipate. Any natural disaster, political instability, labor disruption or foreign relationship crisis could also disrupt these relationships or delay delivery of our products.
We do not have long-term agreements with certain of our original design manufacturers. These manufacturers typically fulfill our supply requirements on the basis of individual orders. We also do not have long-term contracts with our third-party manufacturers that guarantee capacity, the continuation of particular pricing terms or the extension of credit limits. Accordingly, our third-party manufacturers are not obligated to continue to fulfill our supply requirements, which could result on short notice to us of supply shortages and increases in the prices we are charged for manufacturing services. In addition, as a result of global financial market conditions, natural disasters, labor disruption or other causes, it is possible that any of our manufacturers could experience interruptions in production, cease operations or alter our current arrangements. If our manufacturers are unable or unwilling to continue manufacturing our products in required volumes, or on current or acceptable terms, we will be required to identify one or more acceptable alternative manufacturers.
It is time-consuming and costly, and could be impractical, for us to begin to use new manufacturers, and changes in our third-party manufacturers may cause significant interruptions in supply if the new manufacturers have difficulty manufacturing products to our specification. We currently are consolidating our manufacturing and re-negotiating key contractual relationships. As a result, our ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries to our end-customers could be adversely affected, which could cause the loss of sales to existing or potential end-customers, delayed revenue or an increase in our costs. We also do not currently require all our manufacturers to maintain and demonstrate robust disaster recovery capabilities. Any production interruptions for any reason, such as due to contractual disagreements, natural disaster, epidemic, capacity shortages or quality problems, at one of our manufacturers would negatively affect sales of our product lines manufactured by that manufacturer and adversely affect our business and operating results.

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Our manufacturing partners purchase component parts for our products based on estimates we provide, which may not be accurate. In addition, our manufacturing partners purchase some of the components and technologies used in our products from a single source or a limited number of sources. If our estimates were to be inaccurate, or if our manufacturing partners were to lose any of these sources as suppliers, we might incur additional transition costs, resulting in delays in the manufacturing and delivery of our products, excess or obsolete inventory, or the need to redesign our products.
We rely on our manufacturing partners to select and source the component parts within our products. We do not choose or contract directly with the component parts providers and do not have manufacturing contracts that guarantee us any fixed access to such component parts, or at specific pricing. This absence of any relationship between us and the component suppliers or direct and long-term component supply contracts may increase the risk of issues relating to the quality, performance or operability of such component parts and our exposure to shortages of component availability and to price fluctuations related to the raw material inputs for such components, foreign exchange adjustments and other factors.
Moreover, we currently depend on a single source or limited number of sources for several components for our products. For example, each of our products typically incorporates third-party components that have no more than two suppliers. In some instances, we may have a sole source for critical components, such as PCBA or semiconductor components. If our manufacturing partners were unable to obtain such components for any reason, they would be unable to manufacture such product. We have also entered into license agreements with some of our suppliers for technologies used in our products, and the termination of these agreements, which can generally be done on relatively short notice, could have a material adverse effect on our access to these technologies and, thus, on our business. Termination of these agreements could also make technology used in or developed for our products available to our competitors. If any of those manufacturing agreements was terminated, we could experience significant supply disruptions and be required to redesign some of our products in order to incorporate technology from alternative sources, and any such termination of the agreement, disruption in supply and redesign of certain of our products could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Because there are no other sources currently identified and qualified for certain of our components, if we lost any of these suppliers or licenses we could be required to transition to a new supplier or licensor, which could increase our costs, result in delays in the manufacturing and delivery and increase in the cost of our products or cause us to carry excess or obsolete inventory. Poor quality and delays in availability in any of the components in our products, including especially those with limited or sole sourcing, could also result in lost sales or lost sales opportunities. If the quality of the components does not meet our or our end-customers’ requirements, if we are unable to obtain components from our existing suppliers on commercially reasonable terms, or if any of our limited or solely sourced component suppliers ceases to remain in business or to continue to manufacture such components, we could be required to redesign our products in order to incorporate components or technologies from alternative sources. The resulting stoppage or delay in selling our products and the expense of securing and qualifying alternative sources or redesigning our products could result in significant manufacturing and development costs, delayed or lost sales opportunities and damage to customer relationships, which would adversely affect our reputation, business and operating results. For example, in August 2015, we announced that our AP250 and AP245X access points, which are our initial Wave 2 access point products, would not be commercially available until early 2016. This delayed release was due to delays in the products' development and the availability to us of a component part essential to our development and release of the products. Limited availability in component parts may affect availability of our AP250 access point and the ability of our manufacturing partner and component suppliers to timely deliver sufficient quantities of this product to meet our demand and sales forecasts. There is a risk that existing or potential customers (including customers in our important education vertical) may elect not to purchase our products or defer purchases they otherwise would make of our products.
We rely upon third parties for the warehousing and delivery of our products, and we therefore have less control over these functions than we otherwise would.
We outsource the warehousing and delivery of all of our products to a third-party logistics provider for worldwide fulfillment. As a result of relying on a third party, we have reduced control over shipping and logistics. Any shipping delays, disruptions or mismanagement by these third parties could severely impair our ability to fulfill orders. For example, at the end of our quarter ended March 31, 2015, our third party logistics provider was not able to ship product and, as a result, we were not able to take revenue in the quarter on all the orders that we had received and processed. We since transitioned to a new logistics provider and are working to develop integrated and consistent processes. If we are unable to have our products shipped in a timely manner, we may suffer reputational harm, and lose revenue.
We rely significantly on channel partners to sell and support our products, and the failure of this channel to be effective could materially reduce our revenue.
Our channel partners consist primarily of VADs and VARs. We believe that establishing and maintaining successful relationships with these channel partners is, and will continue to be, important to our financial success. Recruiting and retaining

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qualified channel partners and training them in our technology and product offerings require significant time, resources and investment. Additionally, we need to recruit and develop different qualified channel partners for different geographic regions and markets. To develop and expand our channel, we must continue to scale and improve our processes and procedures that support our channel partners, including investment in systems and training. Additionally, we will increasingly focus our resources and attention on those channel partners best able to help us meet our growth expectations. As a result, the total number of our channel partners may over time not maintain current or expected growth rates or may even decline.
Existing and future channel partners will only work with us if we are able to provide them with competitive products at prices and on terms that are attractive to them. If we fail to maintain the quality of our products or to update and enhance them, and at reasonable pricing, existing and future channel partners may elect to work instead with one or more of our competitors.
We sell to our channel partners typically under a contract with an initial term of one or three years, with one-year renewal terms, based on compliance with our program requirements. Our contracts generally require payment by the channel partner to us within 30 to 45 calendar days of the date we issue an invoice for such sales. We typically do not have minimum purchase commitments from our channel partners, and our contracts with channel partners do not prohibit them from offering products or services that compete with ours, including products they currently offer or may develop in the future and incorporate into their own systems. Some of our competitors may have stronger relationships with our channel partners than we do and we have limited control, if any, as to whether those partners use our products, rather than our competitors’ products, or whether they devote resources to market and support our competitors’ products, rather than our offerings.
For example, we announced in April 2015 a new relationship with Dell Inc., whereby Dell became a reseller of Aerohive’s Wi-Fi and cloud services. In September 2015, we announced collaborations with Brocade and Juniper Networks that allow us to meet in the channel and co-sell a combined wired and wireless solutions to our end-customers. In February 2016, we announced a partnership with SYNNEX Corporation as a value-added distributor of our products in the United States and Canada. To support these new relationships, we are continuing to identify and invest in additional and dedicated resources and, potentially, new product, service and support offerings.
The reduction in or loss by these partners of sales of our products could materially reduce our revenue. For example, in April 2016, Brocade announced its acquisition of Ruckus Wireless, one of our competitors, and it is likely that transaction will reduce Brocade’s continuing investment in and support for its collaboration with us, and the level of business opportunities we might otherwise have expected to develop jointly with Brocade. It will also take time for us to fully realize the benefits from these investments, including, specifically from our continued relationship with Dell. If we fail to maintain relationships with our channel partners, fail to develop new relationships with other channel partners, including in new markets, fail to manage, train or incentivize existing channel partners effectively, fail to provide channel partners with competitive products on attractive terms, or if these channel partners are not successful in their sales efforts, our revenue may decrease and our operating results could suffer.
We may not successfully sell our products in new geographic regions or develop and manage new sales channels in accordance with our business plan.
We expect to continue to sell our products in new geographic markets where we do not have significant current business or existing territories where our business results may be uneven or opportunistic from quarter to quarter, as well as to target a broader customer base in existing or new territories and markets. To succeed in certain of these markets, we will need to develop and manage new sales channels and distribution arrangements, and attract, hire, train and retain sales personnel with relevant channel and distribution experience. We may need also to develop new product features or target new market segments, which could divert resources and attention from our existing products and target markets. In the past we have seen slower-than-expected growth in new and certain existing sales territories. Because we have limited experience in developing and managing such channels and territories and markets, we may not be successful in further penetrating certain geographic regions or reaching a broader customer base. Failure to develop or manage additional sales channels effectively would limit our ability to succeed in these markets and could adversely affect our ability to grow our business.
Our products are subject to U.S. export controls; where we fail to comply with these laws, we could suffer monetary or other penalties.
Our products are subject to U.S. export controls, specifically the Export Administration Regulations, and economic sanctions enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. We incorporate standard encryption algorithms into our products, which, along with the underlying technology, we may export outside of the United States only with the required export authorizations, including by license, license exception or other appropriate government authorizations. Each of these authorizations may require us to file an encryption registration and classification request. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the shipment of certain products and services to countries, governments and persons targeted

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by U.S. sanctions. We take precautions to prevent our products and services from being exported in violation of these laws. However, in certain instances, we have shipped encryption products prior to obtaining the required export authorizations and/or submitting the required requests, including a classification request and request for an encryption registration number. As a result, we previously filed a Voluntary Self Disclosure with the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security concerning these violations. A repeat of these past instances could result in monetary or other penalties assessed against us. Additionally, even though we take precautions to ensure that our channel partners comply with all relevant regulations, any failure by our channel partners to comply with such regulations could have negative consequences for us, including reputational harm, government investigations and penalties.

Furthermore, various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology and operation of our products, including through import permitting, certification and licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or our end-customers’ ability to operate our products in those countries, or could impose additional expense on us to meet these requirements as a condition to distribute our products. Encryption products and the underlying technology may also be subject to export control restrictions. Governmental regulation of encryption technology and regulation of imports or exports of encryption products, or our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our products, when applicable, could harm our international sales and adversely affect our revenue. Compliance with applicable regulatory laws and regulations regarding the export or import of our products, including with respect to new releases of our products, may create delays in the introduction of our products in international markets, prevent our end-customers with international operations from deploying our products throughout their globally distributed systems or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to some countries altogether.
In addition, because our sales are made through channel partners, if these channel partners fail to obtain appropriate import, export or re-export licenses or authorizations, we may also be adversely affected. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, for a particular sale may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Changes in our products or changes in applicable export or import laws and regulations may also create delays in the introduction and sale of our products in international markets, prevent our end-customers with international operations from deploying our products or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any change in export or import laws and regulations, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing laws and regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such laws and regulations, could also result in decreased use of our products, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to existing or potential end-customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our products or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of our operations.
U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions programs also prohibit the shipment of certain products and services to countries, governments and persons that are subject to U.S. economic embargoes and trade sanctions. If we or our channel partners ship products to those targets or third parties provide our products to these targets, we could be subject to government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. Furthermore, any new embargo or sanctions program, or any change in the countries, governments, persons or activities targeted by such existing programs, could result in decreased use of our products, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to existing or potential end-customers, which could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
Regulations related to conflict minerals may cause us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the costs of certain metals used in the manufacturing of our products.
As a public company, we are subject to the requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, to diligence, disclose and annually report whether our products contain conflict minerals. The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. We have incurred and will continue to incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of conflict minerals that may be used in or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities and expect to incur additional costs in the future to comply with these disclosure requirements. However, we rely on our manufacturing partners to select, source and diligence and report to us the component parts within our products. We do not choose or contract directly with the component parts providers and do not have contracts with these component parts suppliers. This absence of any relationship between us and the component suppliers makes significantly more difficult our ability to determine and report whether our products contain conflict minerals. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict-free or if we are unable to alter our products, processes or sources of supply to avoid use of such materials.

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Our products incorporate complex technology and may contain defects or errors. We may become subject to warranty claims, product returns, product liability and product recalls as a result, any of which could cause harm to our reputation, impose costs and increase expenses, expose us to liability and adversely affect our business.
Our products incorporate complex technology and must support a wide variety of devices and new and complex applications in a variety of environments that use different wireless networking communication industry standards. Our products have contained, and may contain in the future, undetected defects or errors or may not perform as we expect in certain environments. We may discover some errors in our products only after a product has been installed and used by end-customers. These issues are most prevalent when we introduce new products into the market or, once introduced, when experiencing significant loads in actual use environments or at scale which we could not create or did not anticipate during development. We have delayed and may in the future delay the introduction of our new products due to such defects and errors. Since our products contain components that we purchase from third parties, we also expect our products to contain latent defects and errors from time to time related to those third-party components.

Defects and errors may also cause our products to be vulnerable to security attacks. The techniques used by computer hackers to access or sabotage networks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, change frequently and generally are not recognized until after they have been launched against a target. As we increasingly collect, store, analyze, use and transmit data, and provide data analytics solutions to our end-customers, these risks become more significant to us. Accordingly, our products and third-party security products may be unable to anticipate these techniques or provide a solution in time to protect our end-customers’ networks. In addition, we might not be able to timely develop and provide updated products and software to our end-customers, thereby leaving our end-customers vulnerable to attacks. Finally, if our employees, or others who have access to end-customer data, misuse this information, our reputation would be harmed and we could be subject to claims for damages.
Real or perceived defects or errors in our products could result in claims to return product or that we reimburse losses that our end-customers or channel partners sustain and we may be required, or may choose for customer or partner relations or other reasons, to expend additional resources in order to help correct the problem, including incurring additional warranty and repair costs, process management costs and costs associated with remanufacturing our inventory. We typically offer a limited warranty on our Wi-Fi access points for a period of five years from the date we discontinue sale of the product. We typically offer a limited warranty on our other hardware products for a one-year period. We also provide certain service commitment guarantees for our cloud-managed platform, pursuant to which our end-customers may receive service credits in connection with service outages. Liability limitations in our standard terms and conditions of sale may not be enforceable under some circumstances or may not fully or effectively protect us from claims and related liabilities and costs. In addition, regardless of the party at fault, we may choose to correct errors of these kinds which would divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts, damage our reputation and the reputation of our products, cause significant customer relations problems and can result in product liability claims. We do not maintain insurance which would protect against many of these types of claims associated with the use of our products. Even where claims ultimately are unsuccessful we may have to expend funds in connection with litigation, including on behalf of our end-customers and channel partners, and divert management’s time and other resources. We also may incur costs and expenses relating to a recall of one or more of our products. The process of identifying and recalling products that have been widely distributed may be lengthy and require significant resources, and we may incur significant replacement costs, contract damage claims from our end-customers and channel partners and significant harm to our reputation. The occurrence of any of these problems could result in substantial costs to us and the delay or loss of market acceptance of our products and could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.
The loss of key personnel or an inability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel may impair our ability to expand our business.
Our success is substantially dependent upon the continued service and performance of our senior management team and other key personnel, including David K. Flynn, who is our Chief Executive Officer. Our employees, including our senior management team, are at-will employees, and therefore may terminate employment with us at any time with no advance notice. For example, in April, 2015, we announced that Tom Wilburn had joined our company as our Senior Vice President, Worldwide Field Operations. In August 2015, we announced that John Ritchie had joined us as our Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer. The loss of any members of our senior management team or other key personnel, or the failure to attract replacement personnel, as needed, or the transition of newly hired senior management and changes they may make to our operations could have a materially adverse effect on our operations and could lead to higher labor costs, and involve significant time and costs in finding replacements, and potentially the use of less-qualified personnel. This may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. In addition, if any of our executives or other key employees were to join a competitor

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or form a competing company, we could lose customers, suppliers, know-how and key personnel and our business and product strategies and capabilities could be at risk and subject to disclosure, including to our competitors.

Our future success also depends on our ability to continue to attract, integrate and retain highly skilled personnel, especially skilled sales and engineering employees. We have experienced higher than normal turn-over, especially amongst our sales and engineering personnel, and continue to replace personnel where we think needed to improve our operations and product development capabilities and processes. Turn-over is highly disruptive to our operations and has had and could continue to have an adverse effect on our revenue. In addition, competition for highly skilled personnel is frequently intense, especially in Silicon Valley, where we maintain our headquarters and a substantial operating and sales presence, and Hangzhou China, where we currently maintain our principal research presence and highly skilled product development and engineering personnel. Volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. Many of our employees have become, or will soon become, vested in a substantial amount of stock or number of stock options. Our employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares they own or the shares underlying their vested options have significantly appreciated in value relative to the original purchase or exercise prices, or if the exercise prices of the options that they hold are significantly above the market price of our common stock the options to purchase such shares will have little or no retention value. Further, our employees’ ability to exercise those options and sell their stock in a public market may result in a higher than normal turnover rate. The lack of performance in our stock price may affect our ability to attract new employees or retain existing employees by decreasing the perceived value of any stock-based compensation we may offer or they may hold. Prolonged periods of low performance or volatility in our stock price could negatively impact our appeal as an employer, harm employee morale or increase employee turnover, including amongst our China and Silicon Valley-based employees. Any failure to successfully attract, integrate or retain qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs may negatively impact our growth. Also, to the extent we hire personnel from our competitors, we may be subject to allegations that these new hires have been improperly solicited, or that they have divulged to us proprietary or other confidential information of their former employers, or that their former employers own their inventions or other work product. This may expose us to significant liability and litigation risk.
Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our support offerings, and our failure to offer high quality support would have a material adverse effect on our sales and results of operations.
Once our products are deployed, our end-customers depend on our support organization and support provided by our channel partners to resolve any issues relating to our products. Our support delivery organization comprises employees in various geographic locations and an outside service provider, which provides more general support delivery. A high level of support is important for the successful marketing and sale of our products. If we do not effectively help our end-customers quickly resolve issues or provide effective ongoing support, it would adversely affect our ability to sell our products to existing end-customers as well as demand for continued support and renewal contracts, and could harm our reputation with existing and potential end-customers.
If our products do not interoperate with cellular networks and mobile devices, future sales of our products could be negatively affected.
For our products to remain competitive, we may need to be able to demonstrate and assure that our products can be interoperated with cellular networks and mobile devices using wireless networking technology. These networks and devices have varied and complex specifications. To meet these requirements, we must continue to undertake development and testing efforts that require significant capital and employee resources. We may not accomplish these development efforts quickly or cost-effectively, or at all. If our products do not interoperate effectively, orders for our products could be delayed or cancelled, which would harm our revenue, gross margins and our reputation, potentially resulting in the loss of existing and potential end-customers. The failure of our products to interoperate effectively with cellular networks or mobile devices may result in significant warranty, support and repair costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts and cause significant customer and end-customer relations problems. In addition, our end-customers may require our products to comply with new and rapidly evolving security or other certifications and standards. If our products are late in achieving or fail to achieve compliance with these certifications and standards, or our competitors achieve compliance with these certifications and standards, such end-customers may not choose to purchase our products, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We are subject to complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection and other matters and violations of these complex and dynamic laws, rules and regulations may result in claims, changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, increased costs of operations, and/or other harms to our business.
A wide variety of provincial, state, national and international laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer and other processing of data, including personal data. Foreign data protection, privacy and other

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laws and regulations are often more restrictive than those in the United States. These data protection and privacy-related laws and regulations are varied, evolving, can be subject to significant change, may be augmented or replaced by new or additional laws and regulations, and may result in ever-increasing regulatory and public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. The European Union, for example, has adopted various directives regulating data protection, privacy and security and the collection, storage, analysis, use and transmission of content using the Internet involving European Union residents, including those directives known as the Data Protection Directive, the E-Privacy Directive, and the Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive. The European Union may adopt similar directives in the future.
The European Union model has been replicated substantially or in part in various jurisdictions outside the U.S., including in certain Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation countries. Changes in European data protection regulations, including the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, may also introduce new or additional operational requirements for companies that receive personal data, which may differ from than those currently in effect in the European Union, which may also include significant additional compliance requirements and increased penalties for non-compliance. For example, the GDPR, which will become fully effective on July 25, 2018, will supersede existing European Union data protection laws, include more stringent operational requirements for companies processing European Union personal data, and impose significant penalties for non-compliance. Further, some countries may require separate and local storage and processing of data that could limit certain of our product applications and solutions and increase the cost and complexity of selling our solutions or maintaining our business operations in those jurisdictions. California has also introduced broad rules, which may or may not anticipate and be consistent with rules expected to be adopted by our federal government. The introduction of new data platforms, applications and solutions or expansion of our activities in certain jurisdictions may subject us to additional laws and regulations. For instance, participation in the federal E-Rate funding program may subject us to additional privacy and data use restrictions under U.S. federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the processing of data relating to students or children.
The application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate, and these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from within a country or country to country, and inconsistently with our current policies and practices, and may be contradictory with each other. Additionally, various federal, state, and foreign regulatory or other governmental bodies may issue rulings that invalidate prior laws, regulations, or legal frameworks in manners that may adversely impact our business. For example, the European Court of Justice in October 2015 issued a ruling invalidating the U.S.-E.U. Safe Harbor Framework, which facilitated personal data transfers to the U.S. in compliance with applicable European Union data protection laws. While we did not rely upon the U.S.-E.U. Framework for our transfer of European Union personal data to the U.S., there is significant regulatory uncertainty surrounding the future of data transfers from the European Union to the U.S. In addition to government regulation, privacy advocacy and industry groups have adopted and are considering the adoption of various self-regulatory standards and codes of conduct that, if applied to our, our partners or our end-customers’ businesses, may place additional burdens on us and our partners and end-customers, which may further reduce demand for our products, data platforms, applications and solutions and harm our business.
While we work to comply with all applicable privacy and data protection laws, regulations, standards, and codes of conduct, as well as our own privacy policies and contractual commitments to the extent possible, or failure by us to comply with these could result in enforcement actions against us, including fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by end-customers and other affected individuals, demands that we modify or cease existing practices, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill (both in relation to existing and prospective end-customers), any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial performance and business. Privacy and data protection regulators within the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions have the power to fine non-compliant organizations significant amounts and seek injunctive relief, including the cessation of certain data processing activities. The GDPR provides for European Union regulators to be able to impose fines in some cases of the greater of €20 million or 4% of a company’s worldwide annual sales. Such fines are in addition to the rights of individuals to sue for damages in respect of any data privacy breach which has caused them to suffer loss. Such actions against our partners, including third-party providers of data analytics services, could also affect our operating performance, including demand for our products and cloud-managed solutions and, if these or other third-party vendors violate applicable laws or our policies, such violations may also put our end-customers’ information at risk and could in turn have a material and adverse effect on our business. Additionally, there is a risk that failures in systems designed to protect private, personal or proprietary data held by us will allow such data to be disclosed to or seen by others, resulting in potential regulatory investigations, enforcement actions, or penalties, remediation obligations and/or private litigation by parties whose data were improperly disclosed. There is also a risk that we could be found to have failed to comply with U.S. or foreign laws or regulations regarding the collection, consent, handling, transfer, or disposal of such privacy, personal or proprietary data, which could subject us to fines or other sanctions, as well as adverse reputational impact.

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Evolving and changing privacy and data protection laws, regulations and societal norms, including evolving and changing definitions of personal data and personal information, within the United States, European Union, and elsewhere, especially relating to classification of IP addresses, MAC addresses, machine identification, location and tracking, data analytics and other information, may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business, including limiting our product and data application development and our strategic partnerships that may involve the collection, storage, analysis use and transmission of end-user data, thus reducing our and our stockholders' opportunity to benefit from the significant investments we are making in these areas. Even the perception of privacy concerns, failures to secure data, or inadequate data protection, whether valid and whether owing to any action or inaction on our part, may harm our reputation and inhibit adoption of our products, applications and services by current and future end-customers.
Our international operations expose us to additional business risks and failure to manage these risks may adversely affect our international revenue.
We derive a significant portion of our revenue from end-customers and channel partners outside the United States. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, we attributed 43% and 41%, respectively, of our revenue to our international end-customers and channel partners. As of June 30, 2016, approximately 43% of our full-time employees were located outside of North America, with 26% located in China. We expect that our international activities will be dynamic over the foreseeable future as we continue to pursue opportunities in international markets, which will require significant management attention and financial resources.
Given the extent of our international operations, we are subject to other inherent risks and our future results could be adversely affected by a number of factors, including:
tariffs and trade barriers, export regulations and other regulatory or contractual limitations, such as import, technical and other certification requirements, on our ability to sell or develop our products in certain foreign markets;
regulatory requirements or preferences for domestic products, which could reduce demand for our products;
differing technical standards, existing or future regulatory and certification requirements and required product features and functionality;
management communication and integration problems related to entering new markets with different languages, cultures, commercial practices and political systems;
difficulties in enforcing contracts and collecting accounts receivable, and longer payment cycles, especially in emerging markets;
heightened risks of unfair competition or corrupt business practices in certain geographies and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial results and result in restatements of, and irregularities in, our financial statements;
difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations, and retaining key personnel;
differing labor standards;
the uncertainty of protection for our intellectual property rights and the enforceability of our rights and third-party rights in some countries;
potentially adverse tax consequences, including regulatory requirements regarding our ability to repatriate profits to the United States;
uncertainties and instability in economic and market conditions following the decision of the United Kingdom to withdraw from the European Union ("Brexit");
added legal compliance obligations and complexity, including complying with varying local labor, compensation and tax and securities laws as well as specific and evolving local requirements regarding data protection;
foreign currency exchange risk;
the increased cost of terminating employees in some countries; and
political and economic instability and terrorism.
To the extent we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to effectively anticipate and manage these and other risks and expenses associated with our international operations. For example, we have seen recent weakness in the sales performance from our European territories. Political instability and uncertainty in the European Union and, in particular, Britain's recent decision to exit the E.U. (Brexit) has slowed economic growth and created significant economic disruption and uncertainty in the region, which could continue to discourage near-term economic activity, including delay decisions to purchase Aerohive products. This could have a significant and extended impact of our expected

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revenue from our European operations, in particular over the second half of 2016 and into 2017, as the terms and circumstances of Britain’s exit and its impact on other countries of the European Union are resolved. Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our international operations and reduce our international sales, and business generally, adversely affecting our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our operations in certain emerging markets expose us to political, economic and regulatory risks.
Our growth strategy depends in part on our ability to expand our operations in emerging markets, including Asia Pacific, the Middle East and Africa, and Latin America. However, some emerging markets have greater political, economic and currency volatility, and greater vulnerability to infrastructure and labor disruptions than more established markets. In many countries outside of the United States, particularly those with emerging economies, it may be common for others to engage in business practices prohibited by laws and regulations with extraterritorial reach, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act, or other local anti-bribery laws. These laws generally prohibit companies and their employees, contractors or agents from making improper payments to government officials, including in connection with obtaining permits or engaging in other actions necessary to do business. Failure to comply with these laws could subject us to civil and criminal penalties that could materially and adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and results of operations.
For example, under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by employees, strategic or local partners, or other representatives. Under the FCPA, we and our channel partners are required to maintain accurate books and records and a system of internal accounting controls. As such, if we or our intermediaries fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA or similar legislation outside the United States, governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose civil or criminal fines and penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial conditions. While our employee handbook and other policies prohibit our employees from engaging in corrupt conduct, we do not yet have in place compliance measures and training to require both our employees and our third-party intermediaries to comply with the FCPA and similar anticorruption laws.
Establishing operations and distribution partners in these emerging markets may also require complex legal arrangements and operations to deliver services on global contracts for our end-customers. Because of our limited experience with international operations and developing and managing sales and distribution channels in international markets, our international expansion efforts may not be successful. Additionally, we have established operations in locations remote from our more developed business centers. As a result, we are subject to heightened risks inherent in conducting business internationally, including the following:
failure to comply with local regulations or restrictions;
enactment of legislation, regulation or restriction, whether by the United States or in the foreign countries, including unfavorable labor regulations, tax policies or economic sanctions (such as potential economic sanctions arising from political disputes), and currency controls or restrictions on the transfer of funds;
enforcement of legal rights or recognition of commercial procedures by regulatory or judicial authorities in a manner in which we are not accustomed or would not reasonably expect;
differing technical and environmental standards, data protection and telecommunications regulations and certification requirements, which could prevent the import, sale or use of our products or SaaS offerings in such countries;
difficulties and costs associated with staffing and managing foreign operations;
potentially longer payment cycles and greater difficulty collecting accounts receivable;
the need to adapt and localize our services for specific countries, including conducting business and providing services in local languages;
reliance on third parties over which we have limited control, such as our VARs, VADs, or their resellers or agents, for marketing and reselling our products and solutions;
availability of reliable broadband connectivity and wide area networks in areas targeted for expansion;
difficulties in understanding and complying with local laws, regulations, and customs in foreign jurisdictions or unanticipated changes in such laws;
application of or changes in anti-bribery laws, such as the FCPA and UK Bribery Act, which may disrupt our staffing or ability to manage our foreign operations;
changes in political and economic conditions leading to changes in the business environment in which we operate, as well as changes in foreign currency exchange rates;
sanctions restricting local commercial activity, including retaliatory actions by local governments; and

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natural disasters, pandemics or international conflict, including terrorist acts, or labor or political disputes, which could interrupt our operations or endanger our personnel.
In addition, our competitors may also expand their operations in these markets or others we may also target, and low-cost local manufacturers may also expand and improve products and their production capacities, thus increasing competition in these emerging markets. Our success in emerging markets is important to our growth strategy. If we cannot successfully increase our business in emerging markets and manage associated political, economic, regulatory and currency volatility, our product sales, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We could be subject to additional income tax liabilities.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We use significant judgment in evaluating our worldwide provision for income taxes, which could be adversely affected by several factors, many of which are outside our control. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. For example, our effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than we anticipate in countries that have lower statutory rates and higher than we anticipate in countries that have higher statutory rates, by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in the relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations, including possible changes to the U.S. taxation of earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, the deductibility of expenses attributable to foreign income or the foreign tax credit rules. We are subject to audit in various jurisdictions, and such jurisdictions may assess additional income tax against us as well as penalties and fines. As we operate in multiple taxing jurisdictions, the application of tax laws can be subject to diverging and sometimes conflicting interpretations by tax authorities of these jurisdictions. The time and expense necessary to defend and resolve an audit may be significant. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation could have a material effect on our operating results or cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made.
Our international operations and corporate structure subject us to potential adverse tax consequences.
We generally conduct our international operations through wholly owned subsidiaries and report our taxable income in various jurisdictions worldwide based upon our business operations in those jurisdictions. Our intercompany relationships are subject to complex transfer pricing regulations administered by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions. The relevant taxing authorities may disagree with our determinations as to the income and expenses attributable to specific jurisdictions. If such a disagreement were to occur, and our position was not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties, which could result in one-time tax charges, higher effective tax rates, reduced cash flows and lower overall profitability of our operations. We may not have adequate reserves to cover such a contingency.
In the future, we may reorganize our corporate structure or intercompany relationships, which would likely require us to incur expenses in the near term for which we may not realize related benefits, at all or within a reasonable period, to justify the expense. Changes in domestic and international tax laws, including proposed legislation to reform U.S. taxation of international business activities, may negatively impact our ability to effectively restructure, or reduce the benefits we expected from such corporate restructuring. Any such restructuring would likely involve sophisticated analysis, including analysis of U.S. and international tax regimes. Compliance with such laws and regulations may be difficult and expensive and subject our business to additional risks, costs and uncertainties.
Our ability to use our net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations; in addition, we may be unable to use a substantial part of our net operating losses if we don’t attain profitability in an amount necessary to offset such losses.
In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating losses, or NOLs, to offset future taxable income. Our existing NOLs may be subject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes, and if we undergo a future ownership change our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited by Section 382. Future changes in our stock ownership, some of which are outside of our control, could result in a deemed ownership change under Section 382. Furthermore, we may be unable to use a substantial part of our NOLs due to regulatory changes, such as suspensions of the use of NOLs, or if we do not attain profitability in an amount sufficient to offset such losses. For example, our California state NOL carryforwards of $56.6 million as of December 31, 2015 begin to expire in 2016. For these reasons, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of the NOLs reflected on our balance sheet, even if we attain profitability at a later date.

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Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, value-added or similar taxes, and we could be subject to liability with respect to past or future sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
We do not collect sales and use, value-added or similar taxes in all jurisdictions in which we have sales, based on our belief that such taxes are not applicable. Sales and use, value-added and similar tax laws and rates vary greatly by jurisdiction. Certain jurisdictions in which we do not collect such taxes may assert that such taxes are applicable, which could result in tax assessments, penalties and interest, and we may be required to collect such taxes in the future. Such tax assessments, penalties and interest or future requirements could be significant and may adversely affect the results of our operations.
If we are unable to manage our growth and expand our operations successfully, our business and operating results will be harmed and our reputation may be damaged.
We have expanded our operations significantly since inception and anticipate that we may require further expansion to achieve our business objectives. For example, our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $87.8 million and $62.7 million, respectively, and our global headcount as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, was approximately 634 and 589 employees, respectively. The growth and expansion of our business and product offerings places a continuous and significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. Any such future growth would also add complexity to and require effective coordination throughout our organization.
We must improve our infrastructure to manage our growth, which could involve significant costs and could, if not properly managed, harm our operating results.
To manage any future growth effectively, we must continue to improve and expand our information technology and financial and administrative infrastructure, our operating systems and administrative controls and our ability to manage headcount, capital and processes in an efficient manner. For example, we continue to evaluate upgrades to our existing business processes and systems to better manage licensing, renewals and order processing, and to transition to a global distribution platform. Such new processes and systems may significantly improve our transaction efficiency and ability to scale our revenue and operating performance, including through an ability to track, timely identify and manage increasing volumes of product, license and renewal opportunities and transactions. We may not be able to successfully implement improvements to these systems and processes in a timely or efficient manner, which could result in additional operating inefficiencies and lost business opportunities and associated revenue, and could cause our costs to increase more than planned. If we do increase our operating expenses in anticipation of the growth of our business and this growth does not meet our expectations, at all or sufficiently to justify the expense, our operating results may be negatively impacted. If we are unable to manage future expansion, our ability to develop and deliver high quality products and services and securely process increased transaction volumes could be harmed, which could damage our reputation and brand and impede expected growth, and any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our business and operating results could be adversely affected by unfavorable economic and market conditions.
Our business depends on the overall demand for wireless network technology and on the economic health and general willingness of our current and prospective end-customers to purchase our products. The conditions in the United States and global economies are volatile and if they deteriorate, our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed. In particular, we do not know whether spending on wireless network technology will increase or decrease in the future, or at what rate.
Investments in technology by educational institutions in particular could be related to budgetary constraints unrelated to overall economic conditions, or may be magnified by unfavorable economic conditions. The purchase of our products or willingness to replace existing infrastructure is discretionary and highly dependent on a perception of continued rapid growth in consumer usage of mobile devices and in many cases involve a significant commitment of capital and other resources. In addition, our small and medium enterprise end-customers may also be more sensitive to adverse economic conditions than other potential customers, which could amplify the adverse impact of a deterioration of economic conditions. Therefore, weak economic conditions, uncertain availability of government funding, or a reduction in capital spending would likely adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition. A reduction in spending on wireless network technology could occur or persist even if economic conditions improve.
In addition, if interest rates rise or U.S. dollar foreign exchange rates weaken for our international end-customers and channel partners, overall demand for our products and services could decline and related capital spending may be reduced. For example, the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to foreign currencies continues to be strong, which makes the price of our products outside the United States less competitive, reducing our sales or requiring us to lower pricing for our products outside the United States in order to maintain sales and revenue performance (thus also reducing our gross margins). Furthermore, any

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increase in the U.S. dollar value of worldwide commodity prices may result in higher component prices for us and increased manufacturing and shipping costs, both of which may negatively impact our financial results.
U.S. and global political, credit and financial market conditions may negatively impact or impair the value of our current portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, including U.S. treasury securities and U.S.-backed investment vehicles.
Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were $79.0 million as of June 30, 2016, which we held as money market funds, U.S. treasury securities, commercial paper and investment-grade corporate debt with Moody's and S&P ratings of A-/A3 or better. As a result of the uncertain domestic and global political, credit and financial market conditions, investments in these types of financial instruments pose risks arising from liquidity and credit concerns. Any deterioration in the U. S. and global credit and financial markets could cause losses or significant deterioration in the value of our cash, cash equivalents or possible investments. If any such losses or significant deteriorations occur, it may negatively impact or impair our current portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and possible investments, which may affect our ability to fund future obligations. Further, unless and until the current U.S. and global political, credit and financial market crisis has been sufficiently resolved, it may be difficult for us to liquidate our investments prior to their maturity without incurring a loss, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
System security risks, data security incidents and cyber-attacks could compromise our or our end-customers’ information including proprietary information and end-customer information and disrupt our internal operations, which could cause our business and reputation to suffer and adversely affect our stock price.
In the ordinary course of business, we store sensitive data, as well as our proprietary business information and that of our end-customers, suppliers and business partners. The secure maintenance of this information, and our ability to protect our network from interruption or damage from unauthorized entry, computer viruses or other events beyond our control, is critical to our operations, and business strategy, reputation and, ultimately, our success as a business and value to our investors. While we believe we use certain proven applications designed for data security and integrity, we are in the process of developing an information security program. Despite the implementation of security measures, our infrastructure or systems may be vulnerable to hackers, computer viruses, worms, malware, ransomware or other malicious software programs or similar disruptive problems caused by our customers, employees, consultants or other Internet users who attempt to invade public and private data networks.
Increasingly, companies are subject to a wide variety of attacks on their networks on an ongoing basis. Our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to persistent threats, penetration or attacks by computer programmers and hackers, software bugs or other technical malfunctions, or other disruptions. Due to our business model and the location of some of our development centers, we have faced and are likely to face threats that target both our internal systems and our products and data analytics solutions, which, in turn, may threaten our end-customers' networks, devices, applications and data. In addition, our employees could breach our data security measures and misuse such data or other information, whether through error or misconduct. Any such data security incident, whether external or internal in origin, could compromise our networks, including our cloud-managed platform, creating system disruptions or slowdowns and exploiting security vulnerabilities of our products, and the information stored on our networks could be improperly accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen, which could subject us to liability to our end-customers, suppliers, channel and business partners and others, and cause us reputational and financial harm. Additionally, an effective attack on our systems or products or data analytics solutions could disrupt their proper functioning, allow unauthorized access to sensitive, proprietary or confidential information of ours or of our end-customers, disrupt or temporarily interrupt customers' networking traffic, or cause other destructive outcomes, including the theft of information sufficient to engage in fraudulent financial transactions or compromise other sensitive information. Because the techniques used by computer programmers and hackers, many of whom are highly sophisticated and well-funded, to access or sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until after they are used, we may be unable to anticipate or immediately detect these techniques. This could delay our response or the effectiveness of our response and impede our sales, manufacturing, distribution or other critical functions and ability to limit our exposure to third-party claims and potential liability. If any of these types of data security incidents were to occur or to be believed to have occurred, or if we were to be unable to timely respond to protect sensitive data or other proprietary or non-public data, our relationships with our business partners and end-customers could be materially damaged, our reputation and brand could be materially harmed, use of our solutions could decrease, and affected partners, end-customers or government authorities could initiate legal or regulatory action against us in connection with such incidents, which could cause us to incur significant expenses and liability or could result in orders, judgments, or consent decrees forcing us to modify our business practices. The risk that these types of events could seriously harm our business is likely to increase as we expand the number of web-based products and data analytics solutions we offer, and operate in more countries.

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In addition, if an actual or perceived data security incident occurs in our network or in the network of a partner or an end-customer of one of our products and data analytics solutions (particularly our cloud-based offerings), regardless of whether the incident is attributable to our products and data analytics solutions, the market perception of the effectiveness of our products and data analytics solutions could be harmed. We may also be required to expend significant financial and operational resources in an effort to secure our systems and our and our partners' or customers’ data from security threats and hazards. Further, real or perceived defects or errors in our products and data analytics solutions (particularly in our cloud-based offerings, due to cloud-based offerings sometimes being perceived as being inherently less secure) could result in claims by channel partners and end-customers for losses that they sustain, including potentially losses resulting from data security incidents affecting our systems, our end-customers' networks and/or downtime of those networks. If channel partners or end-customers make these types of claims, we may be required, or may choose for customer relations or other reasons, to expend additional resources in order to help correct the problem, including warranty and repair costs, process management costs, and costs associated with re-manufacturing our inventory and to respond to and resolve litigation and regulatory claims. The economic costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cyber or other security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malware, ransomware or malicious software systems and security vulnerabilities and claims could be significant and may be difficult to anticipate or measure because the damage may differ based on the identity and motive of the programmer or hacker, which may be difficult for us to identify.
Undetected software errors or flaws in our cloud platform could harm our reputation or decrease market acceptance of our solution, which would harm our operating results.
Our platform may contain undetected errors or defects when introduced or as we release new versions. We have experienced these errors or defects in the past in connection with new releases and solution upgrades, and we expect that errors or defects will be found from time to time in future releases after their commercial release. Since our end-customers may use our platform for security and compliance reasons, any errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems may damage our end-customers’ business and could hurt our reputation. If that occurs, we may incur significant costs, the attention of our key personnel could be diverted, our end-customers may delay or withhold payment to us or elect not to continue to use our products or renew our services, or defer further purchases, or other significant customer relations problems may arise. We may also be subject to government penalties and liability claims for damages related to errors or defects in our platform.
Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods and other natural catastrophic events, and interruptions by man-made problems, such as network data-security incidents, computer viruses or terrorism.
Our corporate headquarters are located in Silicon Valley, and substantially all of our contract manufacturers are located in Asia, both regions known for seismic activity. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, a fire or a flood, occurring near our headquarters, or near the facilities of our contract manufacturers, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Despite the implementation of network security measures, our networks also may be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, denial of service attacks, malware, ransomware and other disruptions and data security incidents arising from unauthorized tampering with our systems or our products or our data analytic solutions or from internal or external threats. In addition, natural disasters, acts of terrorism or war could cause disruptions in our or our end-customers’ or channel partners’ businesses, our suppliers’ and manufacturers’ operations or the economy as a whole. We also rely on information technology systems to communicate among our workforce and with third parties. Any disruption to our communications, whether caused by a natural disaster or by manmade problems, such as power disruptions, could adversely affect our business. We do not have a formal disaster recovery plan or policy or incident response plan or comprehensive written information or data security plans in place and do not currently require that all our manufacturing partners have such plans or policies in place. To the extent that any such incidents or our failure to promptly or effectively respond result in delays or cancellations of orders or impede our suppliers’ and/or our manufacturers’ ability to timely deliver our products and product components, or the deployment of our products, our business, operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected. We do maintain what we believe are commercially reasonable levels of business interruption insurance. However, we cannot assure you that such insurance would be available to us or adequately cover our losses in the event of a significant disruption in our business.
We may acquire other businesses or form partnerships or joint ventures that could require significant management attention, disrupt our business and dilute stockholder value.
We may make investments in complementary companies, products or technologies, or form partnerships or joint ventures with third parties. For example, in January 2016, we lent $1.5 million in cash in the form of a promissory note issued by a privately held company which provides Wi-Fi application and analytics, which note we may convert into preferred shares of the privately held company upon certain circumstances.

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We have limited experience identifying, making investments in, purchasing and integrating third-party companies, technologies or other assets that could be complementary to our business or help advance our strategy, in particular, internationally. As a result, our ability as an organization to identify, invest in, acquire and integrate other companies, technologies or other assets in a successful manner is unproven. We may not be able to find suitable investment or acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such investments or acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete investments or acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, and any investments or acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our end-customers, investors and financial analysts. In addition, if we are unsuccessful at integrating such acquisitions, or the technologies associated with such investments or acquisitions, the business prospects, operating results and financials of the combined company could be adversely affected. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. Cross-border transactions may involve complex regulatory, labor or government compliance requirements which we may not fully anticipate or which could impose ongoing cost and require significant management attention and resources. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition, including accounting charges. We may have to pay cash, assume liabilities, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such investment or acquisition, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition or the value of our common stock. The sale of equity or issuance of debt to finance any such investment or acquisition could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations.
Our future capital needs are uncertain, and we may need to raise additional funds in the future. If we require additional funds in the future, those funds may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. We may, however, need to raise substantial additional capital in the future to:
fund our operations;
continue our research and development;
develop and commercialize new products;
invest in or acquire companies, in-licensed products or intellectual property; or
expand sales and marketing activities.
Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:
market acceptance of our products and services;
the cost of our research and development activities;
refinancing, extending or replacing existing obligations, including our existing credit facilities and lease obligations as they mature or where earlier repayment may be required;
the cost of defending and resolving, in litigation or otherwise, claims that we infringe third-party patents or violate other intellectual property rights;
the cost and timing of establishing additional sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;
the cost and timing of establishing additional technical support capabilities;
the effect of competing technological and market developments;
the market for different types of funding and overall economic conditions; and
continued investments we may make to fund anticipated future growth.
We may require additional funds in the future, and we may not be able to obtain those funds on acceptable terms, or at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting our operations or our ability to incur additional debt. Upon any liquidation, our debt lenders and other creditors would be repaid all interest and principal then-outstanding prior to the holders of our common stock receiving any distribution. Any debt or additional equity financing that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders.
If we do not have, or are not able to obtain, sufficient funds, we may have to reduce our cash burn rate, delay development or commercialization of our products or license to third parties the rights to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise seek to commercialize. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing

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arrangements with third parties, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or our products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows or to raise adequate funds to finance our forecasted expenditures, we may have to liquidate some or all of our assets, or delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate some or all of our development programs. We also may have to reduce sales, marketing, engineering, customer support or other resources devoted to our products, or cease operations. Any of these actions could impede our ability to achieve our business objectives and harm our operating results.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly, and increase demand on our systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and operating results.
Being a public company, and securities litigation arising from our initial public offering in March 2014, has increased our ongoing expenses in general and specifically the cost for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance at levels we deem commercially reasonable, and we have incurred higher costs and accepted higher retentions to obtain such coverage, compared to our prior program for director and officer liability insurance prior to being a public company. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on its audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.
As a result of disclosure of information in filings required by us as a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which might result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. For example, we are currently defending a class action law suit asserting that statements we made in conjunction with our initial public offering in March 2014 were false or misleading, or failed to include material information and we have incurred significant expenses to defend this action and expended time and resources, including management resources, necessary to resolve it, which could harm our business and operating results.
An increasing volume of our business is being delivered through our channel partners and value-added distributors, thus increasing our credit exposure to those partners.
We will continue to increase our investment in our channel partners and value added distributors, and expect the level of our revenue to be delivered through those partners and distributors to increase as well. While this may reduce the credit risk we would otherwise have with respect to individual end-customer transactions, it increases our overall credit risk to these partners and distributors. We attempt to monitor periodically the business conditions of our partners and distributors. However, we may not fully understand or be able to anticipate at any time difficult financial or market conditions that could affect or undermine their credit worthiness and ability to meet their obligations to us. This is particularly true for our partners located outside the United States and those who do not provide a level of financial reporting or disclosure consistent with U.S.-reporting companies. In the event one or more of these channel partners and distributors were to experience financial difficulties, slow their payments to us or default entirely on their obligations to us this could have a material effect on our revenue and overall business.
Our debt obligations contain restrictions that impact our business and expose us to risks that could adversely affect our liquidity and financial conditions.
On June 21, 2012, we entered into a revolving credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, which we refer to, as amended, as our revolving credit facility. As of June 30, 2016, we have drawn $20.0 million under this revolving credit facility.
Our obligations under the Silicon Valley Bank credit facility is secured by substantially all of our property, other than our intellectual property. The credit facility contains customary negative covenants that limits our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, repurchase stock, pay dividends, transfer assets or engage in merger and acquisition activity, including merge or consolidate with a third party. The credit facility also requires us to maintain a liquidity ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1.00 and to demonstrate minimum cash balances and the absence of defined events of default in order to have access to the available borrowing. Our credit facility also contains customary affirmative covenants, including requirements to, among other things, deliver audited financial statements, and it contains customary events of default, subject to customary cure periods for certain defaults, that include, among other things, non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, material judgment defaults, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, cross-defaults to certain other material indebtedness,

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and defaults arising from inaccuracy of representations and warranties. The revolving credit facility also includes a default upon the occurrence of a material adverse change to our business.
If our cash balances or cash flows decline due to any of the factors described in this “Risk Factors” section or otherwise, if we breach covenants under our credit facility or if there occurs a material adverse change in our business, we could be prohibited from further borrowing under the credit facility, our interest rates on the outstanding borrowings could increase and our obligation to repay principal amounts could be accelerated. Our failure to pay interest and principal amounts when due or comply with covenants could cause a default under the credit facility. Any such default could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition. In the event of our liquidation, the lender would be repaid all outstanding principal and interest prior to distribution of assets to other unsecured creditors. Our holders of common stock would receive a portion of any liquidation proceeds only if all of our creditors were first repaid in full.
Risks Related to Our Industry
We compete in highly competitive markets, and competitive pressures from existing and new companies may harm our business, revenue, growth rates and prospects. In addition, many of our current or potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, larger customer bases and significantly greater resources than we do, and we may lack sufficient financial or other resources to maintain or improve our competitive position.
The markets in which we compete are highly competitive, and we expect competition to increase in the future from established competitors and new market entrants. The markets are influenced by, among others, the following competitive factors:
brand awareness and reputation;
price and total cost of ownership;
discounts and other incentives offered to resellers and channel partners;
strength and scale of sales and marketing efforts, professional services and customer support;
product features, reliability and performance;
incumbency of the current provider, either for wireless or wired networking or other products;
scalability of products;
ability to integrate with other technology infrastructures; and
breadth of product offerings.
Our main competitors include general networking infrastructure vendors, such as Cisco/Meraki and Hewlett-Packard/Aruba Networks, whose broad networking portfolios include enterprise mobility solutions they have developed or acquired or may acquire in the future. In addition, Cisco and Apple announced in August 2015 a collaboration to improve the performance and experience of Apple iOS-based products when used on Cisco networks and operating systems. Further, in April 2016, Brocade announced its acquisition of Ruckus Wireless. Cisco and other vendors have also committed significant internal sales and marketing resources to increase their participation in the 2016 FCC’s E-Rate funding program for K-12 schools. Such vendors have significant sales and engineering resources and, along with the relationships they have formed, can offer customers and resellers a broader or more compelling portfolio of products and platform solutions than we can offer, which some customers may prefer, and can use their broader offerings to provide additional financial and technical incentives for customers to purchase their products. We also compete with Wi-Fi vendors, such as Brocade/Ruckus Wireless, whose wireless access products may be a source of product innovation in the market. Such companies may expand their product offerings over time and, through such partnerships and acquisitions and with greater resources, are able more effectively and opportunistically to target emerging markets or market opportunities, becoming more difficult competitors for us. They are also able to develop broader suites of products, and provide a complete and integrated wired and wireless hardware solution may be preferable to our end-customers. We expect competition to intensify in the future as companies introduce new products into our markets, consolidate or broaden their product offerings or from partnerships of collaborations, including amongst our competitors and partners, which expand the breadth and compatibility of their product offerings. Ruckus announced in 2015, that they are developing access point products and applications intended for the enterprise, a market in which we currently compete. This competition could result in increased pricing pressure, reduced profit margins, increased sales and marketing expenses, and failure to increase, or the loss of, our market share, any of which would likely seriously harm our business, operating results or financial condition. If we do not keep pace with product and technology advances, there could be a material and adverse effect on our competitive position, revenue and prospects for growth.

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A number of our current or potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases, more resellers, and significantly greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources. Our competitors may be better able to anticipate, influence or adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products and services, initiate or withstand substantial price competition, take advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities more readily and develop and expand their product and service offerings more quickly than we can. Such greater resource and operating histories of our larger and longer-established competitors may be particularly important to our larger enterprise customers when choosing our or a competing production solution. In addition, certain of our competitors may be able to leverage their relationships with customers based on other products or incorporate functionality into existing products to gain business in a manner that discourages customers from purchasing our products, including through selling at low or even negative margins, product bundling, or closed-technology platforms. Our competitors may also be able to offer a broader integrated product platform, or across platforms through partnerships, bringing together a unified product, security and applications offering. Potential end-customers may prefer to purchase all of their equipment from a single provider, or may prefer to purchase wireless and wired networking products from an existing supplier rather than a new supplier, regardless of product performance or features.
We expect increased competition from our current competitors, as well as other established and emerging companies, to the extent our markets continue to develop and expand. Conditions in our markets could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements or other factors. These pressures could limit our growth and materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Industry consolidation and strategic partnerships lead to increased competition and may harm our operating results.
There has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for several years as companies attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry, and as companies are acquired or are unable to continue operations. Some of our competitors have made acquisitions or entered into partnerships or other strategic relationships to offer a more comprehensive solution than they individually had offered. For example, in November 2012, Cisco Systems acquired Meraki Networks. In 2014, Juniper Networks announced that it was exiting its wireless networking business as part of a strategic partnership with Aruba Networks. In April 2014, Zebra Technologies announced that it would buy the enterprise business of Motorola Solutions. In March 2015, Hewlett-Packard announced that it would acquire Aruba Networks. In July 2015, Fortinet, Inc. completed its acquisition of Meru Networks. Cisco and Apple announced in August 2015 a collaboration to improve the performance and experience of Apple iOS-based products when used on Cisco networks and operating systems. In October 2015, Ruckus announced its acquisition of CloudPath Networks, a provider of Wi-Fi onboarding technology, and in April 2016, Brocade announced its acquisition of Ruckus. Such or similar consolidation or strategic partnerships may continue in the future. The companies or alliances resulting from these possible consolidations may create more compelling or bundled or integrated product platforms, bringing together unified product, security and application offerings, as well as being able to offer greater pricing flexibility, making it more difficult for us to compete effectively, including on the basis of price, sales and marketing programs, channel coverage, technology or product functionality. Continued industry consolidation may adversely impact customers’ perceptions of the viability of smaller and even medium-sized technology companies such as ourselves and, consequently, customers’ willingness to purchase from us. Such greater resource and operating histories of our larger and longer-established competitors may be particularly important to our larger enterprise customers when choosing our or a competing production solution. In addition, companies that are our strategic alliance or channel partners in some areas of our business may acquire or form alliances with our competitors, thereby reducing their business with us. For example, it is likely that the Brocade acquisition of Ruckus will reduce Brocade’s continuing investment in and support for its collaboration with us, and the level of business opportunities we might otherwise have expected to develop jointly with Brocade. We believe that industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors, with more efficient cost structures that are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for our end-customers. This could lead to more variability in our operating results and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Demand for our products and services depends in part on the continued growth of the industries in which we participate, and the failure of these industries to expand or the timing of their transactions could harm our operating results.
We currently target K-12 and higher education, retail, distributed enterprise and, to a lesser extent, healthcare end-customers. We sell into verticals such as finance, manufacturing, utilities, telecom, state and local government, transportation, legal, accounting, architecture, engineering and construction. In the event any of the specific sectors we target fails to expend on wireless networking, our operating results could be harmed. For example, the education sector is faced with limited resources to spend on technology purchases. In North America, the U.S. government’s E-Rate program starting on July 1, 2015 is expected to continue to provide a significant portion over the next several years of the funding used by schools to purchase our solutions. If this sector does not continue to expand expenditures on technology in general, and wireless networking in particular, our business could be harmed. If the E-Rate program is discontinued or receives a lower level of funding than we expect, or the share of funding our end-customers secure or direct toward purchasing our products is lower than we expect, our

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business could also be harmed. Cisco, Ruckus and other vendors have also committed significant internal sales and marketing resources to increase their participation in the 2016 FCC’s E-Rate funding program for K-12 schools. In addition, purchasing decisions by schools may depend on the availability or expectation of funding, including the timing and availability of funding for schools under the FCC’s E-Rate program. For example, in addition to our normal seasonality, we saw schools defer purchases to later 2015 (and into 2016), in anticipation of the availability of such funding and due to decisions to delay product deployment, including to accommodate school schedules. We believe such deferrals and delays increased seasonal variations in demand during our fiscal 2015 for our products and services in the education vertical, making more difficult our ability to forecast our operating performance and achieve revenue and other operating results based on those forecasts. The sales results for our first fiscal quarter 2015 were below expectations, primarily due to a pause in demand in U.S education business due to such various aspects and timing of the federal E-Rate program. We also saw K-12 spending shift from the first half of the year into the second half of the year, and into our fiscal 2016. We believe such deferrals and delays are continuing during the 2016 annual E-Rate funding cycle.
In 2016 E-Rate cycle, USAC also experienced significant administrative challenges that led them to extend the period for schools to submit Form 471 funding requests, and that led many schools to abandon their Form 470 bid requests or not submit their Form 471 funding requests in the first instance. Based on publicly reported information, the total value of submissions of Form 471 funding requests for "Category 2" projects in the 2016 funding cycle was 17% below the total value of funding requests submitted in the 2015 funding cycle. Aerohive increased its reported share of the funding requests for Wi-Fi products from 10% in 2015 to 11% in 2016; however, due to the overall reduction in funding requests, total Aerohive-related awards in 2016 appear to be 12% lower than the 2015 funding cycle. Further, USAC continues to report significant delays in its ability to process and fund such requests during the 2016 funding cycle, causing the pace of release of approved funds and resulting availability of those funds to schools to be significantly lower than in 2015. This is evidenced by the level of funds released through the 2016 "Wave 5" funding release being more than 69% below the comparable funding release period in 2015. We expect the timing of the availability of this reduced level of funding to delay schools' purchases of Aerohive products. For these reasons, we expect these delays, deferrals and apparently lower levels of E-Rate-funded transactions to impact our revenue performance for the second half of 2016 and potentially into 2017. These are specific examples of the many factors which add additional uncertainty to our future revenue from our education end-customers.
If functionality similar to that offered by our products is incorporated into existing network infrastructure products, enterprises may decide against adding our products to their network, which would have an adverse effect on our business.
Large, well-established providers of networking equipment may continue to introduce features that compete with our products, either in stand-alone products or as additional features or applications in their network platforms. For example, several of our larger competitors may be better able to integrate into a single platform a broader product, security and applications offering. The inclusion of, or the announcement of an intent to include, functionality perceived to be better or more cost-effective than that offered by our platform may have an adverse effect on our ability to market and sell our products. Furthermore, even if the functionality offered by these providers is more limited or less cost-effective than our platform, end-customers may elect to accept such products in lieu of adding platforms from an additional vendor such as ourselves. Many enterprises have invested substantial personnel and financial resources to design and operate their networks and have established deep relationships with other providers of networking products, which may make them reluctant to add new components to their networks, particularly from other vendors such as ourselves. In addition, an enterprise’s existing vendors or new vendors with a broad product offering may be able to offer concessions that we are not able to match. If enterprises are reluctant to add new vendors or otherwise decide to work with their existing vendors, our ability to maintain or improve our market share, our financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected.
We rely on revenue from subscription and services that may decline. Because we recognize revenue from subscriptions and services over the term of the relevant service period, downturns or upturns in sales are not immediately reflected in full in our operating results.
Software subscription and services revenue, consisting of sales of new or renewal subscription and support and maintenance contracts, accounts for a significant portion of our revenue, comprising of 18% of total revenue for six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. Service revenue might decline and fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including end-customers’ level of satisfaction with our offerings, the prices, pricing and changes in the scope of our offerings, the prices of products and services offered by our competitors and reductions in our end-customers’ spending levels. We are developing and implementing systems to enable us better to track and timely identify renewal opportunities. If our sales of new or renewal subscription and support and maintenance contracts decline, or we are not able to manage efficiently increased support transaction volumes, including renewals, our revenue and revenue growth may decline and our business will suffer. In addition, we currently recognize service revenue ratably over the term of the relevant service period, which is typically one, three or five years. As a result, much of the service revenue we report each fiscal quarter is the recognition of deferred revenue from service contracts entered into during previous fiscal quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscription or support and

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maintenance contracts in any one fiscal quarter will not be fully reflected in revenue in that fiscal quarter but will negatively affect our revenue in future fiscal quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in new or renewed sales of our subscriptions or support and maintenance is not reflected in full in our operating results until future periods. Also, it is difficult for us to rapidly increase our services revenue through additional service sales in any period, as revenue from new and renewal service contracts must be recognized over the applicable service period. Furthermore, any increase in the average term of services contracts would result in revenue for services contracts being recognized over longer periods of time and the associated revenue we recognize could be lower in any particular quarter.
If we fail to comply with environmental requirements, our business, financial condition, operating results, and reputation could be adversely affected.
We are subject to various local, state, federal, and international environmental laws and regulations, including laws governing the hazardous material content of our products and laws relating to the collection of and recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. Examples of these laws and regulations include the European Union Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (RoHS), and the European Union Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive), as well as the implementing legislation of the European Union member states. Similar laws and regulations have been passed or are pending in China, South Korea, Norway, and Japan and may be enacted in other regions in which currently or expect to operate, including in the United States, and we are, or may in the future be, subject to these laws and regulations.
The RoHS and the similar laws of other jurisdictions limit the content of certain hazardous materials, such as lead, mercury and cadmium, in the manufacture of electrical equipment, including our products. Currently, our products comply with the EU RoHS requirements. However, if there are changes to these or other laws (or their interpretation) or other jurisdictions pass new similar laws or requirements, we may be required to reengineer our products to use components compatible with these regulations. This reengineering and component substitution could result in additional costs to us or disrupt our operations or logistics or delay our ability to sell our products.
The WEEE Directive requires electronic goods producers to register as a WEEE producer and be responsible for the collection, recycling, and treatment of such products. Changes in interpretation of the directive may cause us to have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future in order to comply with this directive, or with any similar laws adopted in other jurisdictions.
We are also subject to environmental laws and regulations governing the management of hazardous materials, which we use in small quantities in our engineering labs. Our failure to comply with past, present, and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, substantial product inventory write-offs, reputational damage, costs, penalties, third-party property damage, and other sanctions, any of which could harm our business and financial condition. We also expect that our products will be affected by new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis, imposing greater compliance costs, and increasing risks and penalties associated with violations, which could harm our business. To date, our expenditures for environmental compliance have not had a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows, and although we cannot predict the future impact of such laws or regulations, they will likely result in additional costs and may increase penalties associated with violations or require us to change the content of our products or how they are manufactured, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
New regulations or standards or changes in existing regulations or standards in the United States or internationally related to our products may result in unanticipated costs or liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and future sales, and could place additional burdens on the operations of our business.
Our products are subject to governmental regulations in a variety of jurisdictions. In order to achieve and maintain market acceptance, our products must continue to comply with these regulations as well as a significant number of industry standards. In the United States, our products must comply with various regulations defined by the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, Underwriters Laboratories and others. We must also comply with similar international regulations in order for our products to be certified for use in such countries. For example, our wireless communication products operate through the transmission of radio signals and radio emissions are subject to regulation in the United States and in other countries in which we do business. In the United States, various federal agencies, including the Center for Devices and Radiological Health of the Food and Drug Administration, the FCC and various state agencies have promulgated regulations that concern the use of radio/electromagnetic emissions standards. Member countries of the European Union and individual countries in the Asia Pacific region have enacted similar standards concerning electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility and emissions and chemical substances and use standards. In addition, our data analytics solutions, and the manner in which we collect, store, analyze, use or transmit end-customer data, increasingly may be subject to regulation under the Federal Trade Commission.

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As these regulations and standards evolve, and if new regulations or standards are implemented, we will be required to modify our products or develop and support new versions of our products, or change the manner in which we collect, store, analyze, use or transmit end-customer data, and our compliance with these regulations and standards may become more burdensome and require significant investments. The failure of our products to comply, or delays in compliance, with the various existing and evolving industry regulations and standards could prevent or delay introduction of our products, which could harm our business. End-customer uncertainty regarding future policies may also affect demand for communications products, including our products. Moreover, channel partners or end-customers may require us, or we may otherwise deem it necessary or advisable, to alter our products to address actual or anticipated changes in the regulatory environment. Our inability to alter our products to address these requirements and any regulatory changes may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could be harmed or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce our rights.
We protect our proprietary information and technology through licensing agreements, third-party nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions, as well as through patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws in the United States and similar laws in other countries. We do not know whether these protections will be available in all cases or will be adequate to prevent our competitors from copying, reverse engineering or otherwise obtaining and using our technology, proprietary rights or products. The laws of some foreign countries, including countries in which our products are sold, used or manufactured, are in many cases not as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be inadequate. In addition, third parties may seek to challenge, invalidate or circumvent our patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets, or applications for any of the foregoing. Our competitors may independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technology or design around our proprietary rights. We have focused patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection primarily in the United States. As a result, we may not have sufficient protection of our intellectual property in all countries where infringement may occur. In each case, our ability to compete or offer our products for sale could be significantly impaired.
To prevent substantial unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights, it may be necessary to prosecute actions for infringement and/or misappropriation of our proprietary rights against third parties. We currently have a limited portfolio of issued patents compared to our larger competitors and, therefore, may not be able to effectively utilize our intellectual property portfolio to assert against third parties. Any such action could result in significant costs and diversion of our resources and management’s attention and, in any case, we could fail to be successful in any such action. Furthermore, many of our current and potential competitors have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights than we do. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property.
Claims by others that we infringe their intellectual property rights could harm our business.
Companies that sell products, as well as non-operating patent holding companies, in the wireless networking industry are often aggressive in protecting intellectual property rights and perceived rights, which has resulted in protracted and expensive litigation for some companies. In addition, non-operating entities have been increasingly aggressive in asserting intellectual property rights and perceived rights against operating companies in the Wi-Fi and networking industry, including ourselves. We currently are subject to claims and litigation by third parties that we infringe their intellectual property rights.
As our business expands and the number of products and competitors in our market increases and overlaps occur, we expect that infringement claims against us or our partners or end-customers may increase in number and significance. Any claims or proceedings against us, whether meritorious, will be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, require significant amounts of management time or result in the diversion of significant operational resources, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Intellectual property lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties due to the complexity of the technical issues involved, and we cannot be certain that we will be successful in defending ourselves against intellectual property claims. Our limited portfolio of issued patents may not provide defenses or counterclaims in response to patent infringement claims or litigation brought against us by third party competitors. Further, where non-operating entities or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant products or revenue bring such claims or litigation our potential patents provide no deterrence or competitive risk. In any case, many potential litigants have the capability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend claims than we could against them. Furthermore, a successful claimant could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages or prevents us from distributing certain products or performing certain services. We

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might also be required to seek a license and pay royalties for the use of such intellectual property, which may not be available on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. Alternatively, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful.
See Part II, Item 1 “Legal Proceedings." for a discussion of the intellectual property litigation in which we are currently involved.
Our use of open source software could impose limitations on our ability to commercialize our products.
Our products utilize software modules licensed to us by third-party authors under open source licenses, including as incorporated into software we receive from third party commercial software vendors. Use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide support, updates, warranties, or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Furthermore, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and these licenses could be construed in a way that could impose other unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. In addition, some open source licenses require the licensee, under certain circumstances, to make available source code for modifications or derivative works the licensee creates based upon such open source software, and to allow further modification and distribution of such works. As a result, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software or modify such software in a certain manner, we could be required to release certain source code we authored under license terms that freely permit third parties, including our competitors, to further modify, use and distribute our software. In some instances, this could allow our competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and time, create security vulnerabilities in our products, and ultimately result in a loss of product sales for us. Further, if we are held to have breached or otherwise failed to comply with the terms of an open source software license, we could be required to pay damages, seek licenses from third parties to continue offering our products, re-engineer our products, or discontinue the sale of our products if re-engineering could not be accomplished on a timely basis.
We continue to review our usage of open source software in our products, and to analyze the impact of such usage on our products and business. We may not be able to identify all of the risks regarding our use of open source software and what steps we will need to take to come into compliance with applicable license terms. Moreover, our implementation of tools and policies designed to monitor our ongoing use of open source software in our products may not be adequate or entirely effective in all instances. Depending on our determination of the impact on our business of compliance with applicable open source licenses license requirements, we could be required to re-engineer certain aspects of our products and/or seek licenses from third parties. Our review to date has identified certain uses of third-party open source software that, under the terms of applicable open source licenses, will likely require us to provide certain additional notices to distribute and to offer to release certain of our source code under open-source software license terms, which we are currently preparing to do. We are also considering re-engineering of certain portions of our products to limit the scope of and potential impact on our business of such disclosure and licensing requirements going forward. Until we have completed our analysis, we will not know the full extent of such required disclosures or re-engineering efforts, or if and on what terms such alternative licenses could be available.
We rely on the availability of third-party licenses. If these licenses are available to us only on less favorable terms or not at all in the future, our business and operating results would be harmed.
We have incorporated third-party licensed technology and intellectual property rights into our products. It may be necessary in the future to renew licenses relating to various aspects of these products or to seek additional licenses for existing or new products. These necessary licenses could be unavailable to us on acceptable terms, or at all. The inability to obtain certain licenses or other rights, or to obtain those licenses or rights on favorable terms, or the need to engage in litigation regarding these matters, could result in delays in product releases until such time, if ever, as we can identify, license or develop equivalent technology and integrate such technology into our products, which might have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, the inclusion in our products of intellectual property licensed from third parties on a nonexclusive basis could limit our ability to protect our proprietary rights in our products.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
We have experienced significant volatility in the price of our common stock, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated substantially. From the date of our initial public offering in March 2014 through June 30, 2016, the high and low trading price for our common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange ranged between a high of $12.23 and a low of $3.43. The trading price of our common stock depends on a number of factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related

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to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock, since you might not be able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid.
Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include the following:
price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;
volatility in the market prices and trading volumes of high technology-stocks;
changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;
sales of shares of our common stock by us or our stockholders, including through secondary offerings we may initiate to generate cash to fund our ongoing operations;
failure of financial analysts to maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of our investors;
the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in those projections or our failure to meet those projections;
announcements by us or our competitors of new products or new or terminated significant contracts, commercial relationships or capital commitments, or of delays in our product offerings;
public analyst or investor reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission;
rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;
vesting of shares under RSU awards to our employees and delivery of shares our employees purchase under our ESPP, and related selling of such shares into the market, including to cover employee tax withholding obligations;
investor reaction to announcements we may make concerning our operations, business initiatives or operating performance;
actual or anticipated changes in our results of operations or fluctuations in our operating results, including any actual or perceived slowing in our rate of growth or ability to achieve profitability at all or on a schedule expected by our investors or industry analysts;
actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;
litigation involving us, our industry or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;
developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or our products, or third-party proprietary rights;
announced or completed investments in or acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors, and the performance of such investments or acquisitions;
the partnerships we or our competitors may announce, and the performance of such partnerships;
declines in our operating, margin or revenue growth or customer acquisition rates;
new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles;
changes in our senior management or our board of directors;
general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets; and
other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism or responses to these events.
The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market prices of particular companies’ securities, securities class action litigations have often been instituted against these companies. For example, on October 13, 2014, we issued a press release announcing our preliminary results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2014, which were below our previously stated guidance primarily due to weaker than expected order volume. Similarly, on February 11, 2015, we provided a guidance range for revenue for our first quarter ending March 31, 2015, which range was below the estimates of financial analysts at that time. If, such as in these instances, our revenue or operating results, or the rate of growth

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of our revenue or operating results, fall below the expectations of our investors or financial analysts, or below any forecasts or guidance we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur and result in litigation against us even when we have met our own or other publicly stated revenue or earnings forecasts, and substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
In addition, we utilize RSU awards as a significant component of the equity incentives we provide to our employees. Shares subject to these awards typically vest on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year. On each of these dates, we may withhold shares on behalf of employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements or we may alternatively direct the sale of such shares into the market to generate cash sufficient to satisfy such withholding requirements. Our employees are also able to purchase shares of our common stock twice per year under our ESPP, which purchase dates currently are June 1 and December 1 of each year. Employees may choose then to sell a portion or all of such shares, including to generate cash sufficient to satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements they may have under local law. The coincidence of such sales of our common stock, concentrating on specific dates, may increase the typical or average trading volume of our common stock, and increase the volatility and degree of fluctuation in the trading price of our common stock. For example, on each of March 1 and June 1, 2016, and for the several days thereafter, the average trading volume in our common stock, as reported by the NYSE, increased significantly, as did the degree of fluctuation in the trading price for our stock. We expect such increased trading volumes and related trading price volatility to be repeated, coinciding with future RSU vesting and ESPP purchase dates. Such trading volume and price volatility could create uncertainty amongst our investors or contribute to further stock price declines which may not be related to the actual performance of our business.
Insiders continue to have substantial control over us and will be able to influence corporate matters.
Our directors and executive officers and stockholders holding more than 5% of our capital stock and their affiliates, excluding stockholders and affiliates holding between 5% and 10% of our capital stock not affiliated with any of our officers or directors, and do not possess any other indicia of control with respect to our company, beneficially owned, in the aggregate, approximately 67.4% of our outstanding common stock based on the number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 2015. As a result, these stockholders are able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets. This concentration of ownership could limit our stockholders’ ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us.
Certain provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove members of our board of directors or current management and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our board of directors or management. These provisions include the following:
our Board has the right to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board;
our stockholders may not act by written consent or call special stockholders’ meetings; as a result, a holder or holders controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be able to take certain actions other than at annual stockholders’ meetings or special stockholders’ meetings called by the Board, the chair of the Board, the chief executive officer or the president;
our directors may only be removed for cause, which would delay the replacement of a majority of our Board;
our Board is staggered in three tiers, with directors serving for three years, which could impede an acquiror from rapidly replacing our existing directors with its own slate of directors;
our certificate of incorporation prohibits cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;
our stockholders must provide advance notice and additional disclosures in order to nominate individuals for election to our Board or to propose matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company; and
our Board may issue, without stockholder approval, shares of undesignated preferred stock; the ability to issue undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for our Board to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire us.

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As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to certain Delaware anti-takeover provisions. For example, under Delaware law, a corporation may not engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other things, the Board has approved the transaction. Our Board could rely on Delaware law to prevent or delay an acquisition of us.
Our directors are entitled to accelerated vesting of their equity awards pursuant to the terms of their service arrangements upon a change of control of our company, and our executive officers in the event their employment is actually or constructively terminated in the context of a change of control. In addition to the arrangements currently in place with some of our executive officers, we may enter into similar arrangements in the future with other officers. Such arrangements could delay or discourage a potential acquisition of our company.
If financial or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our common stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us, our business, our competitors’ business or our industry. We do not control these analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. As a recently public company, we may be slow to attract research coverage and the analysts who publish information about our common stock will have had relatively little experience with our company, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. In the event we obtain industry or financial analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who cover us issues an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our stock price, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
We believe our long-term value as a company will be greater if we focus on growth.
Part of our business strategy is to focus on our long-term growth. As a result, it may take longer to achieve and sustain profitability and, once achieved, our profitability may be lower in the near term than it would be if our strategy were to maximize short-term profitability. Our use of cash could also be greater and extend over a longer period as we make investments in areas of our operations, such as sales, marketing and research and development, which we feel may promote growth and profitability over the long term. Expenditures on expanding our research and development and sales and marketing efforts, infrastructure and other such investments may not ultimately grow our business or cause long-term profitability. If we are ultimately unable to achieve profitability, at all or on a schedule or at the level anticipated by analysts and our stockholders, our stock price may decline. Conversely, our efforts to achieve profitability could cause us to reduce hiring and other investments, which could limit our product development and efforts to improve sales execution, and create organizational strain, including within our sales, engineering and support organizations.
We recently announced a share repurchase program, but we cannot guarantee that in fact that our repurchase of shares will enhance long-term stockholder value. Our share repurchases could also increase the volatility of the price of our common stock and could diminish our cash reserves.
In February 2016, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program. Under the program, we are authorized to repurchase shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of up to $10 million. As of June 30, 2016, we had repurchased under this program 261,515 shares of our common stock at a total price of $1.5 million. Although our board of directors authorized the program, we are not obligated to repurchase any minimum or specific number or dollar amount of shares. In addition, we may suspend or terminate the program at any time before its expiration as of June 30, 2017. Under the program, we may purchase shares of our stock from time to time, in the open market or through private transactions, subject to market conditions, in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws. However, the timing and number of our share repurchases, if any, will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, the trading price of our common stock and the nature of other investment opportunities available to us. We may also choose to defer or limit repurchases given other uses of our cash or our desire to preserve cash balances. In addition, our repurchases of common stock could affect the market price of our common stock or increase its volatility. For example, the existence of a share repurchase program could cause our share price to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our stock. Additionally, our repurchase program could diminish our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to finance future growth and to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions. We also cannot assure that any share repurchases will enhance stockholder value because the market price of our common stock may decline below the levels at which we repurchase our stock, and short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the program’s effectiveness.

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We do not intend to pay dividends and under our loan agreements with our lenders we are not permitted to pay dividends. As a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.
Pursuant to our revolving credit facility, we are restricted from paying dividends while this facility is in place. Moreover, we have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the development of our business and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.
We are an “Emerging Growth Company,” and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced disclosure requirements applicable to Emerging Growth Companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act enacted in April 2012, and, for as long as we continue to be an “emerging growth company,” we choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting or compliance requirements applicable to other public companies but not to “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an “emerging growth company” for up to five years after the completion of the IPO, although if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time or if we have total annual gross revenue of $1 billion or more during any fiscal year before that time, we would cease to be an “emerging growth company” as of the end of that fiscal year. If we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, we would cease to be an “emerging growth company” immediately. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Recent Sale of Unregistered Securities
None.

ITEM 3.     DEFAULT UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS
See the Exhibit Index which follows the signature page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 4th day of August 2016.  


 

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AEROHIVE NETWORKS, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ David K. Flynn
 
 
 
 
 
David K. Flynn
 
 
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer


 
 
 
AEROHIVE NETWORKS, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ John Ritchie
 
 
 
 
 
John Ritchie
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer


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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.
 
Description of Document
 
 
 
 
10.1
 
Outside Director Compensation Policy, as amended and restated.
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
+
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
+
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
*
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

+    In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule; Management's Reports on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the Certification furnished in Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 hereto is deemed to accompany this Form 10-Q and will not be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certification will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
*    XBRL information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under this section.



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