Form 20-F
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2013

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 20-F

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

Commission file number 001-15266

 

 

BANCO DE CHILE

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

BANK OF CHILE

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

REPUBLIC OF CHILE

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Banco de Chile

Paseo Ahumada 251

Santiago, Chile

(562) 2637-1111

(Address of principal executive offices)

Pedro Samhan E.

Banco de Chile

Paseo Ahumada 251

Santiago, Chile

Telephone: (562) 653-5150

Facsimile: (562) 653-5156

(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing 600 shares of common stock, without nominal (par) value (“ADSs”)   New York Stock Exchange
Shares of common stock, without nominal (par) value  

New York Stock Exchange

(for listing purposes only)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

 

 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

Shares of common stock: 91,977,302,953

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  x                Accelerated filer  ¨                Non-accelerated filer ¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP  ¨

     IFRS  x    Other  ¨

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.    ¨  Item 17    ¨  Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I

     4   

Item 1

 

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

     4   

Item 2

 

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

     4   

Item 3

 

Key Information

     4   

Item 4

 

Information on the Company

     16   

Item 5

 

Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

     91   

Item 6

 

Directors, Senior Management and Employees

     128   

Item 7

 

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

     144   

Item 8

 

Financial Information

     151   

Item 9

 

The Offer and Listing

     154   

Item 10

 

Additional Information

     158   

Item 11

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     178   

Item 12

 

Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

     178   

PART II

     179   

Item 13

 

Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

     179   

Item 14

 

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

     179   

Item 15

 

Controls and Procedures

     179   

Item 16A

 

Audit Committee Financial Expert

     180   

Item 16B

 

Code of Ethics

     180   

Item 16C

 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

     180   

Item 16D

 

Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

     181   

Item 16E

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

     181   

Item 16F

 

Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

     181   

Item 16G

 

Corporate Governance

     181   

PART III

     184   

Item 17

 

Financial Statements

     184   

Item 18

 

Financial Statements

     184   

Item 19

 

Exhibits

     185   

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report on Form 20-F contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although we have based these forward-looking statements on our expectations and projections about future events, it is possible that actual results may differ materially from our expectations. In many cases, we include a discussion of the factors that are most likely to cause forward-looking statements to differ from actual results together with the forward-looking statements themselves. These statements appear throughout this annual report, including, without limitation, under “Item 4. Information on the Company” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Examples of such forward-looking statements include:

 

 

projections of operating revenues, net income (loss), net income (loss) per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or ratios;

 

 

statements of our plans, objectives or goals, including those related to anticipated trends, competition and regulation;

 

 

statements about market risks, including interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk;

 

 

statements about our future economic performance or that of Chile or other countries in which we operate; and

 

 

statements of assumptions underlying such statements.

Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “aims,” “seeks,” “expect,” “intend,” “target,” “objective,” “estimate,” “project,” “potential,” “predict,” “forecast,” “guideline,” “could,” “may,” “will,” “should” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These statements may relate to (i) our asset growth and financing plans, (ii) trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations and (iii) the impact of competition and regulations, but are not limited to such topics. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements included in this annual report as a result of various factors (including, without limitation, the actions of competitors, future global economic conditions, market conditions, foreign exchange rates and operating and financial risks), many of which are beyond our control. The occurrence of any such factors not currently expected by us could significantly alter the results set forth in these statements.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely include, but are not limited to:

 

 

changes in general economic, business, political or other conditions in Chile, or changes in general economic or business conditions in Latin America or the United States;

 

 

changes in capital markets in general that may affect policies or attitudes towards lending to Chile or Chilean companies;

 

 

increased costs;

 

 

increased competition and changes in competition or pricing environments, including the effect of new technological developments;

 

 

unanticipated increases in financing and other costs or the inability to obtain additional debt or equity financing on attractive terms;

 

 

natural disasters;

 

 

the effect of tax laws on our business; and

 

 

the factors discussed under “—Risk Factors.”

 

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You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. This cautionary statement should be considered in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly release any revisions to such forward-looking statements after the filing of this annual report to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

THE MERGER

On January 1, 2008, Banco de Chile (the “Bank”) merged with Citibank Chile in a transaction in which Banco de Chile was the surviving corporate entity. As used in this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Banco de Chile” relating to any date or period prior to January 1, 2008 (the effective date of the merger) are to Banco de Chile as it existed prior to the consummation of the merger, and such references relating to any date or period on or after January 1, 2008 are to Banco de Chile after the consummation of the merger.

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in Chilean pesos and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). References in this annual report to IFRS mean IFRS as issued by the IASB.

Until and including our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008, we prepared our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in Chile as supplemented by the applicable rules of the Superintendencia de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras de Chile (the “Superintendency of Banks”) (“Chilean GAAP”), with reconciliations to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). As required by IFRS 1—First Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, our financial position as of December 31, 2008 and our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008 were restated in accordance with IFRS 1 for comparative purposes. Reconciliations and a description of the transition to IFRS, and the effects on our assets, liabilities, equity, net income and cash flows are presented in Note 5 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2009 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on June 29, 2010. Unless otherwise indicated, the financial information included in this annual report with respect to 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 has been derived from financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. See Note 2(a) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Chilean GAAP. As a result, our financial information presented under IFRS is not directly comparable to any of our financial information presented under Chilean GAAP. Accordingly, readers should avoid such comparison.

Since adopting IFRS, we are no longer required to reconcile our financial statements to U.S. GAAP.

In this annual report, references to “$,” “U.S.$,” “U.S. dollars” and “dollars” are to United States dollars, references to “pesos” or “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos (see Note 2(u) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report), and references to “UF” are to “Unidades de Fomento.” The UF is an inflation indexed Chilean monetary unit of account with a value in Chilean pesos that is linked to and adjusted daily to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) of the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (the “Chilean National Statistics Institute”). As of December 31, 2012, one UF equaled Ch$22,840.75.

This annual report contains translations of certain Chilean peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for your convenience. These translations should not be construed as representations that the Chilean peso amounts actually represent such U.S. dollar amounts, were converted from U.S. dollars at the rate indicated in preparing our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rate indicated. Until November 30, 2011, Banco de Chile applied the observed exchange rate reported by the Banco Central de Chile (the “Central Bank”) in order to translate its financial statements from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars. However, beginning December 1, 2011, Banco de Chile adopted the

 

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exchange rate of accounting representation, or spot exchange rate, for such matters. This is also described in “Item 3. Key Information—Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rates.” Thus, unless otherwise indicated, the U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from Chilean pesos based on the exchange rate of accounting representation as of December 31, 2012 as determined by our Treasury, on a daily basis, based on the average of the daily closing bid and offer rates reported by Bloomberg for the Santiago Stock Exchange. The exchange rate of accounting representation on April 15, 2013 was Ch$472.10 = U.S.$1.00. As of the same date, the observed exchange rate was Ch$469.24 = U.S.$1.00.

The observed exchange rate reported by the Central Bank is based on the rate for the prior business day in Chile and was the exchange rate specified by the Superintendency of Banks to be used by Chilean banks in the preparation of their financial statements until December 31, 2010.

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos.

Unless otherwise specified, all references in this annual report to total loans are to loans to customers before deducting allowances for loan losses, and they do not include loans to banks or contingent loans. In addition, all market share data and financial indicators for the Chilean banking system as compared to Banco de Chile’s financial information presented in this annual report are based on information released periodically by the Superintendency of Banks, which is published under Chilean GAAP and prepared on a consolidated basis.

In this annual report, “total past-due loans” refers to the installments that are 90 or more days overdue and the remaining outstanding balance of such loan (principal and interest) overdue. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Classification of Loan Portfolio Based on the Borrower’s Payment Performance.”

According to Chilean regulations and for the purposes of this annual report, regulatory capital (“Regulatory Capital”) consists of:

 

 

basic capital, which is composed of our paid-in capital, reserves and retained earnings, excluding capital attributable to subsidiaries and foreign branches (“Basic Capital”); and

 

 

supplementary capital, which is composed of the following: (i) our subordinated bonds, considered at issue price (reduced by 20% for each year during the period commencing six years prior to maturity), but not exceeding 50% of our Basic Capital; plus (ii) our voluntary allowances for loan losses (up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets to the extent voluntary allowances exceed those that banks are required to maintain by law or regulation); minus (iii) our goodwill and unconsolidated investments in companies (“Supplementary Capital”).

Certain figures included in this annual report and in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this annual report have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this annual report may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012. Certain other amounts that appear in this annual report may similarly not sum due to rounding.

Inflation figures are those reported by the Chilean National Statistics Institute, unless otherwise stated herein or required by the context.

MACRO-ECONOMIC AND MARKET DATA

In this annual report, all macro-economic data relating to the Chilean economy is based on information published by the Central Bank. All market share data, financial indicators and other data relating to the Chilean financial system are based on information published periodically by the Superintendency of Banks, which is published under Chilean GAAP and prepared on a consolidated basis.

 

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PART I

 

Item 1 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

Not Applicable.

 

Item 2 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not Applicable.

 

Item 3 Key Information

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present historical financial information about us as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated. The following tables should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The financial information for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 is presented under IFRS.

Our audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2010     2011     2012     2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except share and per share data)     (in thousands of
U.S.$)(1)
 

IFRS:

          

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA

          

Interest revenue

   Ch$ 900,407      Ch$ 1,092,003      Ch$ 1,501,684      Ch$ 1,672,766      U.S$ 3,488,781   

Interest expense

     (222,883     (324,377     (624,209     (708,629     (1,477,942
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

     677,524        767,626        877,475        964,137        2,010,839   

Net fees and commissions income

     251,855        292,262        308,773        307,257        640,826   

Net financial operating income

     (138,179     17,163        58,101        16,199        33,785   

Foreign exchange transactions, net

     220,999        63,762        (7,973     35,136        73,281   

Other operating income

     22,190        23,584        24,735        20,887        43,563   

Provisions for loan losses

     (241,345     (157,651     (146,925     (166,420     (347,091

Total operating expenses

     (491,749     (544,227     (613,611     (635,119     (1,324,627

Income attributable to associates

     840        1,609        3,054        (468     (976
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     302,135        464,128        503,629        541,609        1,129,600   

Income taxes

     (40,389     (46,513     (65,442     (63,488     (132,414
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income from continued operations, net of taxes

     261,746        417,615        438,187        478,121        997,186   

Net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes

          
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income for the year

   Ch$ 261,746      Ch$ 417,615      Ch$ 438,187      Ch$ 478,121      Ch$ 997,186   

Attributable to:

          

Equity holders of the parent

     261,744        417,614        438,186        478,120        997,184   

Non-controlling interest

     2        1        1        1        2   

Earnings per share(2)

     3.11        4.93        5.04        5.42        0.011   

Earnings per ADS

     1,863.26        2,959.96        3,025.81        3,254.37        6.79   

Dividends per share(3)

     2.72        3.50        3.38        3.41        0.007   

Weighted average number of shares (in millions)

     84,286.34        84,652.76        86,889.65        88,149.82     

 

(See footnotes below)

 

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     As of December 31,  
     2009      2010      2011      2012      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except share and per share data)      (in thousands of
U.S.$)(1)
 

IFRS:

              

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA

              

Cash and due from banks

   Ch$ 727,553       Ch$ 772,329       Ch$ 881,146       Ch$ 684,925       U.S.$ 1,428,504   

Transactions in the course of collection

     526,051         429,756         373,639         310,077         646,708   

Financial assets held-for-trading

     351,590         279,765         269,861         159,682         333,039   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     79,401         82,787         47,981         35,100         73,206   

Derivative instruments

     565,986         488,354         381,055         326,083         680,091   

Loans and advances to banks

     448,981         349,588         648,425         1,343,322         2,801,681   

Loans to customers, net

     12,879,155         14,029,968         17,023,756         18,383,958         38,342,249   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     1,267,774         1,157,105         1,471,120         1,272,316         2,653,588   

Investments in other companies

     10,494         11,072         13,196         11,674         24,348   

Intangible assets

     88,182         88,463         81,026         75,610         157,695   

Property and equipment

     205,847         204,352         207,888         205,189        
427,950
  

Investment properties

     17,840         17,459         17,079         16,698         34,826   

Current tax assets

     —           3,363         —           —        

Deferred tax assets, net

     49,733         57,678         60,025         55,801         116,381   

Other assets

     282,872         304,425         279,804         317,765         662,742   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   Ch$ 17,501,459       Ch$ 18,276,464       Ch$ 21,756,001       Ch$ 23,198,200       U.S.$ 48,383,008   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     3,718,076         4,446,181         4,895,426         5,470,971         11,410,455   

Transactions in the course of payment

     325,056         208,750         155,424         72,684         151,592   

Cash collateral on securities lent and repurchase agreements

     308,028         81,755         223,202         226,396         472,180   

Saving accounts and time deposits

     7,427,481         7,697,968         9,282,324         9,612,950         20,049,117   

Derivative instruments

     538,240         528,445         429,913         380,322         793,213   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     1,368,226         1,281,372         1,690,939         1,108,681         2,312,305   

Debt issued

     1,587,998         1,764,165         2,388,341         3,273,933         6,828,233   

Other financial obligations

     176,150         179,160         184,785         162,123         338,130   

Currents tax liabilities

     39,018         —           3,095         23,189         48,364   

Deferred tax liabilities, net

     —           —           —           —           —     

Provisions

     88,607         114,685         131,344         141,839         295,825   

Employee benefits

     43,202         55,433         60,634         64,545         134,617   

Other liabilities

     280,392         224,225         269,905         305,105         636,340   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   Ch$ 15,900,474       Ch$ 16,582,139       Ch$ 19,715,332       Ch$ 20,842,738       U.S.$ 43,470,371   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total equity

     1,600,985         1,694,325         2,040,669         2,355,462         4,912,637   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

   Ch$ 17,501,459       Ch$ 18,276,464       Ch$ 21,756,001       Ch$ 23,198,200       U.S.$ 48,383,008   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(See footnotes below)

 

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     As of December 31,  
     2009     2010     2011     2012  

IFRS:

        

CONSOLIDATED RATIOS

        

Profitability and Performance

        

Net interest margin(4)

     4.48     4.70     4.80     4.68

Return on average total assets(5)

     1.51        2.38        2.16        2.13   

Return on average equity(6)

     24.45        16.85        22.61        21.63   

Capital

        

Average equity as a percentage of average total assets

     8.99        9.50        9.53        9.85   

Bank regulatory capital as a percentage of minimum regulatory capital

     234.93        232.85        245.52        269.75   

Ratio of liabilities to regulatory capital(7)

     11.87        12.99        12.30        11.10   

Credit Quality

        

Substandard loans as a percentage of total loans(8)

     5.81        5.46        2.87        3.31   

Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of substandard loans(8)

     40.71        44.33        72.58        62.42   

Provision for loan losses as a percentage of average loans

     1.89        1.16        0.92        0.92   

Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of total loans

     2.37        2.42        2.09        2.07   

Operating Ratios

        

Operating expenses/operating revenue

     47.54        46.74        48.66        47.27   

Operating expenses/average total assets

     2.85     3.10     3.02     2.83

 

(1) Translations of Chilean peso amounts into U.S. dollars are based on the exchange rate of accounting representation or the spot exchange rate, which is determined on a daily basis by our Treasury, based on the average of the daily closing bid and offer rates reported by Bloomberg for the Santiago Stock Exchange. Thus, amounts stated in U.S. dollars as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 have been translated from Chilean pesos based on an exchange rate of accounting representation or spot exchange rate of Ch$479.47 to U.S.$1.00, as of December 30, 2012.
(2) Earnings per share data have been calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year.
(3) Dividends per share data are calculated by dividing the amount of the dividend paid during each year by the previous year’s number of shares outstanding.
(4) Annualized net interest income divided by average interest earning assets. The average balances for interest earning assets, including interest and readjustments, have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries.
(5) Annualized net income (loss) divided by average total assets. The average balances for total assets have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries.
(6) Annualized net income (loss) divided by average equity. The average balances for equity have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances.
(7) Total liabilities divided by bank regulatory capital.
(8) See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Analysis of Substandard Loans and Total Past Due.”

 

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Exchange Rates

As a general matter, prior to 1989, Chilean law permitted the purchase and sale of foreign currency only in those cases explicitly authorized by the Central Bank. The Ley Orgánica Constitucional del Banco Central de Chile 18,840 (the “Central Bank Act”) liberalized the rules governing the purchase and sale of foreign currency. The Central Bank Act empowers the Central Bank to determine that certain purchases and sales of foreign currency specified by law must be carried out in the Mercado Cambiario Formal (the “Formal Exchange Market”). The Formal Exchange Market is composed of banks and other entities so authorized by the Central Bank. The observed exchange rate for any given day equals the average exchange rate of the transactions conducted in the Formal Exchange Market on the immediately preceding banking day, as certified by the Central Bank. Even though the Central Bank is authorized to carry out its transactions at the rates it sets, it generally uses the spot rate for its transactions. Authorized transactions by other banks are generally carried out at the spot rate.

Purchases and sales of foreign exchange not required to be conducted in the Formal Exchange Market may be carried out in the Mercado Cambiario Informal (the “Informal Exchange Market”). There are no price limits imposed on transactions executed in the Informal Exchange Market. On December 28, 2012 (the last trading date of the year), the average exchange rate in the Informal Exchange Market was Ch$479.9 per U.S.$1.00, or 0.3% higher than the observed exchange rate of Ch$478.6 per U.S.$1.00 reported by the Central Bank on the same date. The observed exchange rate for any given day equals the average exchange rate of the transactions conducted in the Formal Exchange Market on the immediately preceding banking day, as certified by the Central Bank.

The following table sets forth the annual low, high, average and period-end observed exchange rate for U.S. dollars for each year beginning in 2008, as reported by the Central Bank:

 

     Daily Observed Exchange Rate Ch$ per U.S.$(1)  
     Low(2)      High(2)      Average(3)      Period  End(4)  

Year

   (in Ch$)  

2008

     431.22         676.75         522.46         629.11   

2009

     491.09         643.87         559.61         506.43   

2010

     468.37         549.17         510.25         468.37   

2011

     455.91         533.74         483.67         521.46   

2012

     469.65         519.69         486.49         478.60   

October 2012

     471.54         481.98         475.36         480.03   

November 2012

     476.20         484.48         480.57         479.42   

December 2012

     474.36         481.28         477.13         478.60   

2013 (through April 15)

     466.50         479.96         471.87         469.24   

January 2013

     470.67         479.96         472.67         471.40   

February 2013

     470.67         473.60         472.34         473.30   

March 2013

     471.10         474.82         472.48         472.54   

April 2013 (through April 15)

     466.50         472.55         470.00         469.24   

 

Source: Central Bank.

 

(1) Nominal amounts.
(2) Exchange rates are the actual low and high, on a day-by-day basis for each period.
(3) For full years, the average of monthly average rates during the year. For full months, the daily average during the month.
(4) As reported by the Central Bank on the first business day of the following period.

The observed exchange rate on April 15, 2013 was Ch$469.24 = U.S.$1.00. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos.

Until November 30, 2011, Banco de Chile applied the observed exchange rate as reported by the Central Bank in order to translate its financial statements from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars. However, beginning December 1, 2011, Banco de Chile adopted the exchange rate of accounting representation, or spot exchange rate, for such matters. The exchange rate of accounting representation is determined on a daily basis by our Treasury based on the average of the daily closing bid and offer rates reported by Bloomberg for the Santiago Stock Exchange.

 

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RISK FACTORS

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we do not know about or that we currently think are immaterial may also impair our business operations. Any of the following risks, if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.

We are also subject to market risks that are presented both in this subsection and in Note 41 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Risks Relating to our Operations and the Chilean Banking Industry

The growth of our loan portfolio may expose us to increased loan losses.

During the last five years, our total loan portfolio has shown double-digit growth rates, primarily as a result of the expansion in residential mortgage and consumer loans, and, to a lesser extent, due to an increase in commercial loans. The growth of our loan portfolio is in line with our strategic priorities, although we recognize our focus on the retail market may expose us to higher levels of loan losses and may require us to establish higher levels of allowances for loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2012, our loan portfolio amounted to Ch$18,771,761 million, which represents a 8.0% annual increase as compared to the amount of Ch$17,386,497 million that we recorded as of December 31, 2011. Similarly, our allowances for loans losses increased 6.9% from Ch$362,741 million in 2011 to Ch$387,803 million in 2012. Accordingly, our ratio of allowances for loan losses to total loans was 2.09% in 2011 and 2.07% in 2012.

Our loan portfolio may not continue to grow at the same or similar rate.

We cannot assure you that our loan portfolio will continue to grow at the same rates as it has in the past. The Chilean financial system’s loan portfolio has grown significantly over the last five years, which growth has been fostered by a general effort of participants in the financial industry to broaden their value offerings and increase banking penetration in lower and middle income segments. These efforts have been also supported by the robustness of the Chilean economy over the last decade. However, a slowdown or negative growth rate of the Chilean economy, as well as a change in the behavior of banking customers, could adversely affect the growth rate of our loan portfolio and our credit quality indicators and, accordingly, cause us to increase our required allowances for loan losses. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation and Supervision” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information.”

Restrictions imposed by banking regulations may restrict our operations and thereby adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to regulation by the Superintendency of Banks. In addition, we are subject to regulation by the Central Bank with respect to certain matters, including interest rates and foreign exchange transactions. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation and Supervision.”

Pursuant to the Ley General de Bancos (the “General Banking Law”) all Chilean banks may, subject to the approval of the Superintendency of Banks, engage in certain non-banking businesses approved by the law. The Superintendency of Banks’ approval will depend on the risk of the activity and the strength of the bank. Further, the General Banking Law applies to the Chilean banking system a modified version of the capital adequacy guidelines issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Regulation and Supervisory Practices (the “Basel Committee”) and limits the discretion of the Superintendency of Banks to deny new banking licenses.

In addition, during 2011 the Chilean Congress debated bills regulating insurance commissions related to mortgage loans and maximum legal interest rates for small consumer loans. The bill regulating insurance commissions was published on December 17, 2011, effective as of July 1, 2012. This new law imposed restrictions and obligations on lenders such as a mandatory bid process for insurance related to mortgage loans and a general prohibition on commissions benefiting the lender. Although this law became effective on July 1, 2012, it did not

 

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have any impact on our business activity due to the characteristics of the insurance contracts associated with residential mortgage loans, which consist of collective insurance policies that are renewed every January 1st. The new law will apply to our results of operations beginning in 2013, although we do not expect any material effects.

Additionally, there is a bill currently under consideration in Congress related to maximum legal interest rates. This bill states that applicable maximum interest rates may not exceed the higher of: (i) 1.5 times the average interest rate for loans applicable at the time of the agreement, and (ii) the average interest rate for loans applicable at the time of the agreement plus two annual percentage points. In addition, the bill states that the interest rate for local currency loans not indexed to inflation with terms longer than 90 days may not exceed the average interest rate applicable to the same type of loans for amounts between 200 and 5.000 UF (approximately U.S.$9,527 and U.S.$238,187) plus: (i) 14 annual percentage points if the loan is higher than 50 UF (approximately U.S.$2,382) or (ii) 21 annual percentage points if the loan is equal or lower than 50 UF. Accordingly, the proposed law—if enacted—will mainly affect consumer loans, namely, installment, credit card and credit line loans, as well as overdue loans. We estimate that under the terms considered in this bill, as of December 31, 2012, no more than 2.5% of our total loans had an interest rate above the proposed new limit or had an overdue portion subject to penalty charges and, therefore, were potentially affected by the new maximum interest rate. We believe that if the bill is enacted, it would affect the volume of installment loans to be granted from the date the law goes into effect, as well as the outstanding and new loans related to credit cards and credit lines, whereas the outstanding balance of installment loans would not be affected. In addition, the proposed law—if enacted—may result in lower net interest income together with a reduction in our loan growth. Since the bill is currently under discussion in Congress we cannot ascertain the final outcome of the law or its actual impact on interest rates. Nevertheless, based on preliminary estimations, we believe the proposed law—if enacted—would not have any material effects on our results of operations for 2013.

It is also important to note that the Chilean regulator has suggested that Basel III guidelines may be implemented in Chile which could impose new requirements for Chilean banks in terms of capital adequacy and liquidity standards. We do not expect the potential implementation of Basel III to affect our profitability and results of operations in 2013 as the Chilean regulator has not given any indication as to when and how these guidelines will be implemented. Nevertheless, we cannot assure that these guidelines will not affect our financial performance in the future if adopted.

There can be no assurance that regulators will not impose more restrictive limitations in the future on the activities of banks, including us, than those that are currently in effect or proposed. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on us.

Increased competition and industry consolidation may adversely affect our operations.

The Chilean market for financial services is highly competitive. We compete with other Chilean and foreign banks, with Banco del Estado de Chile, a government-owned bank, and with large department stores that grant consumer loans to a large portion of the Chilean population, especially in the low and middle-income segments. In addition, the retail market (which comprises individuals and small and medium-sized companies) has become the target market of several banks, and competition within this market is increasing as banks are continuously incorporating new and tailored products, while they strive to improve service quality. As a result, net interest margins (after provisions for loan losses) in these sub-segments are likely to decline over time.

We also face competition from non-bank competitors with respect to some of our credit products, such as credit cards and consumer loans. In these markets, competition from non-banking companies like large department stores, private compensation funds, and saving and credit cooperatives has become increasingly significant. In addition, we face competition from other types of competitors, such as leasing, factoring and automobile financing companies (especially in credit products), as well as mutual funds, pension funds and insurance companies, within the market for savings products and mortgage loans. Currently, banks continue to be the main suppliers of leasing, factoring and mutual funds, and the insurance sales business is experiencing fast growth, but we cannot assure you that this trend will continue in the future. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Competition.”

Increasing competition within the Chilean banking industry has been accompanied by a consolidation trend in the industry in recent years. We expect that both of these trends will continue and result in the creation of larger and stronger financial groups. These trends may adversely affect us because they may increase the interest rates we pay to attract depositors and decrease the interest rates we charge our customers for loans, resulting in a decrease of the net interest margins we are able to generate.

 

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Our exposure to certain segments of the retail market could lead to higher levels of total past-due loans and subsequent charge-offs.

Although we historically focused on banking for the wholesale market and high-income individuals, an increasing portion of our retail market consists of small and medium-sized companies (approximately 7.6% of our total loan book as of December 31, 2012, including companies with annual sales of up to Ch$1,600 million) and, to a lesser extent, of lower-income individuals (approximately 4.1% of our total loan book as of December 31, 2012, including individuals with monthly incomes that range from Ch$170,000 to Ch$500,000). Our strategy aims to increase lending and banking penetration by providing multiple value propositions to attract additional retail customers. These customers are likely to be more severely affected by adverse developments in the Chilean economy than large corporations and high-income individuals. Consequently, in the future we may experience higher levels of total past-due loans, which could result in higher allowances for loan losses.

The levels of total past-due loans and subsequent write-offs may be materially higher in the future, which could adversely affect us. As of December 31, 2012 our total past-due loans (loans overdue 90 days or more) reached Ch$181,863 million which represented a 1.7% annual increase as compared to the figure recorded a year earlier. In addition, as of December 31, 2012 our total past-due loans were composed of 77.3% of retail banking past-due loans (consumer and residential mortgage loans to individuals, as well as commercial loans to small and medium sized companies) and 22.7% of wholesale banking past-due loans (commercial loans to large companies and corporations). During the prior fiscal year, our past-due portfolio comprised 81.9% of retail banking past-due loans and 18.1% wholesale banking past-due credits.

For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Principal Business Activities.”

One of our affiliates may be obligated to sell shares of our stock in the public market if we do not pay sufficient dividends.

As of December 31, 2012, Sociedad Administradora de la Obligación Subordinada S.A. (“SAOS”), our affiliate, held 32.5% of our shares as a consequence of our 1996 reorganization. This reorganization was due in part to the 1989 repurchase by the Central Bank of certain non-performing loans that we had previously sold to the Central Bank and later exchanged for subordinated debt without a fixed term. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Bank—History—The 1982-1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt.”

In exchange for assuming the Central Bank debt, SAOS received from SM-Chile S.A. (“SM-Chile”), the holding company that controls us and SAOS, a stake of 63.6% of our shares as collateral for this debt. Dividends received from us are the sole source of SAOS’s revenues, which—in turn—must be used to repay this debt. However, under SAOS’s agreement with the Central Bank, we have no obligation to distribute dividends to our shareholders. To the extent distributed dividends are not sufficient to pay the amount due on this debt, SAOS is permitted to maintain a cumulative deficit balance with the Central Bank that SAOS commits to pay with future dividends. If this cumulative deficit balance exceeds 20% of our paid-in capital and reserves, the Central Bank may require SAOS to sell a sufficient number of our shares to pay the entire amount of the accumulated deficit. As of March 31, 2013, SAOS maintained a surplus with the Central Bank of Ch$275,702 million, equivalent to a 13.4% of our paid-in capital and reserves as of the same date.

Furthermore, if our shareholders decide to retain and capitalize all or part of our annual net income in order to finance our future growth and to distribute stock dividends, the Central Bank may require us to pay in cash to SAOS the portion of net income corresponding to its stake in our shares. If we distribute stock dividends and the Central Bank does not require us to pay that portion in cash, the shares received by SAOS must be sold by SAOS within the following 12 months. SM-Chile shareholders will have a right of first refusal with respect to that sale.

If SAOS is required to sell shares of our stock for any of the aforementioned circumstances in the public market, that sale could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our stock.

 

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The results of our operations are affected by inflation and interest rate volatility.

The results of our operations depend to a great extent on our net interest income, which represented 71.8% of our total operating revenues in 2012. Changes in inflation and nominal interest rates could affect the interest rates earned on our interest-earning assets differently from the interest rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, resulting in a reduction in our net income. Inflation and interest rates are highly sensitive to several factors beyond our control, including the Central Bank’s monetary policy, deregulation of the Chilean financial sector, domestic and international economic and political conditions, among other factors. Any volatility in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The inflation rate—measured as the annual variation in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) as published by the National Statistics Institute—was 2.96% in 2010, 4.44% in 2011 and 1.49% in 2012. The average annual short-term nominal interest rate in Chile for 90 to 360 day deposits received by Chilean financial institutions was 2.73% in 2010, 5.61% in 2011 and 5.90% in 2012. The average long-term nominal interest rate based on the interest rate of the Central Bank’s five-year bonds was 5.54% in 2010, 5.67% in 2011 and 5.26% in 2012. For more information, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Overview—Inflation” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Overview—Interest Rates.”

Operational problems or errors can have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As all large financial institutions, we are exposed to many operational risks, including the risk of fraud by employees and outsiders, failure to obtain proper internal authorizations, failure to properly document transactions, equipment failures, errors made by employees and natural disasters, such as earthquakes or tsunamis. Although we maintain a system of operational controls composed of world-class human and technological resources, as well as comprehensive contingency plans, there can be no assurance that operational problems or errors will not occur and that their occurrence will not have a material adverse impact on us.

Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation or results of operations and may result in litigation.

We have access to large amounts of confidential financial information and control substantial financial assets belonging to our customers as well as to us. In addition, we provide our customers with continuous remote access to their accounts and the possibility of transferring substantial financial assets by electronic means. Accordingly, cybersecurity is a material risk for us.

We depend on a variety of internet-based data processing, communication, and information exchange platforms and networks. Thus, we cannot assure you that all of our systems are entirely free from vulnerability. Additionally, we enter into contracts with several third-parties to provide the business, data and communication services we offer to our customers. If information security is breached, or if one of our employees breaches compliance procedures, information could be lost or misappropriated, which may affect our results of operations, damage others or result in potential litigation. Cybersecurity incidents, such as computer break-ins, phishing, identity theft and other disruptions could negatively affect the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, which may result in significant liability to us in excess of insurance coverage, and may cause existing and potential customers to refrain from doing business with us. Although we, with the help of service providers, intend to continue to implement security technology and establish operational procedures to prevent such damage, we cannot assure you that these security measures will be successful.

Request from Spanish Court to Chilean Judicial Authorities

On April 29, 2010, the Supreme Court of Chile denied the requests contained in a rogatory letter issued on October 26, 2009 by the Central Court of Instruction Number 5 of the National Court of Spain (Juzgado Central de Instrucción No. 5 de la Audiencia Nacional de Madrid) in Madrid, Spain (the “Spanish Court”) to have certain actions taken (as described below) with respect to a lawsuit before the Spanish Court. The Supreme Court of Chile established that the subject matter of the investigation by the Spanish Court was currently pending before a Chilean tribunal that has jurisdiction and competence over these matters.

 

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The rogatory letter referred to above notified the Chilean judicial authorities that a lawsuit pending before the Spanish Court had been amended to add causes of action concerning concealment of assets and money laundering against Mr. Pablo Granifo Lavin (the chairman of our board of directors) and Mr. Hernán Donoso Lira (former manager of our New York branch) and against us, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. and Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., the latter three of which face only subsidiary civil liability. The rogatory letter, among other items, requested a joint guarantee (fianza solidaria) from the defendants in the amount of U.S.$77,348,374 and, if the aforementioned parties were not to grant such a joint guarantee, requested the attachment of assets of up to U.S.$103,131,165.

On April 30, 2012, the Spanish Court decided the provisional dismissal (sobreseimiento provisional) of the aforementioned lawsuit on the grounds that the Chilean judicial authorities have investigated and prosecuted the same facts as those pending before the courts in Spain, and there is an existing legal proceeding underway in Chile, which should have priority. The complainant filed an appeal (recursos de apelación y reforma), which was dismissed on July 27, 2012 and June 19, 2012 by the Spanish judicial authorities.

In Chile, a judicial investigation is currently underway and at the time of filing of this annual report no indictments for criminal participation of persons affiliated with us have been issued. Consequently, it is not possible to predict the outcome of these proceedings, or what impact, if any, they might have on us.

Exposure to European sovereign debt or related instruments and future turmoil and destabilization related thereto could negatively affect our business.

Although emerging markets were less impacted by the global financial crisis of 2008 and showed a quick recovery, there are still concerns about the possibility of a recession in developed countries, especially due to the fiscal condition of certain European economies (such as Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal and Spain, also called PIIGS economies). The debt levels and fiscal unreliability of these countries have resulted in uncertainty regarding the outlook for the global economy and a potential contagion to other economies linked to these countries.

Similarly, we are unable to determine and predict the effects this situation will have on the world’s and our commercial partners’ GDP growth and overall financial stability. Also, these factors could translate into a local economy’s slowdown that would affect the decision making process of individuals and companies regarding consumption and investment, which—in turn—could adversely affect the demand for credits. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that these developments will not occur or that they will not affect us.

As of December 31, 2012 we had a total exposure to PIIGS economies of Ch$38,785 million (U.S.$80.9 million), which represents 0.17% of our total assets as of the same date. This exposure was concentrated in only two economies, Italy and Spain, and it was related to contingent credits, such as standby letter of credits in favor of us as well as third parties. As of the same date, we had no additional exposure to PIIGS countries, in any type of instrument, such as financial assets available-for-sale, assets held for trading, derivatives, commercial loans, credit lines, confirming export letters of credits, etc.

Risks Relating to our ADSs

Our principal shareholders may have interests that differ from those of our other shareholders and their significant share ownership may have an adverse effect on the future market price of our ADSs and shares.

As of April 15, 2013, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. (“LQIF”), a holding company beneficially owned by Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup Chile S.A. holds directly and indirectly approximately 58.40% of the voting rights of our shares. These principal shareholders are in a position to elect a majority of the members of our board of directors, direct our management and control all matters decided by a shareholder vote, including the approval of fundamental corporate transactions.

Actions by our principal shareholders with respect to the disposition of the shares or ADSs they beneficially own, or the perception that such actions may occur, may adversely affect the trading price of our shares on the various stock exchanges on which they are listed and, consequently, the market price of the ADSs.

 

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There may be a lack of liquidity and a limited market for our shares and ADSs.

While our ADSs have been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) since the first quarter of 2002, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for our ADSs will be sustained. During 2012, a daily average of 22,924 American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) was traded on the NYSE, according to data provided by Bloomberg. Although our shares are traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaiso Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange, the market for our shares in Chile is small and illiquid. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 15.7% of our outstanding shares were held by shareholders other than our principal shareholders, including LQIF, SM-Chile, SAOS and Ergas Group.

If an ADS holder withdraws the underlying shares from the ADR facility, the small size of the market, its limited liquidity, as well as our concentrated ownership, may impair the ability of the ADS holder to sell the shares in the Chilean market in the amount and at the price and time such holder desires, and could increase the volatility of the price of our ADSs.

You may be unable to exercise preemptive rights.

The Ley Sobre Sociedades Anónimas No. 18,046 (the “Chilean Corporations Law”) and the Reglamento de Sociedades Anónimas (the “Chilean Corporations Regulations”) require that whenever we issue new common stock for cash, we grant preemptive rights to all of our shareholders (including holders of ADSs) to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. Such an offering would not be possible unless a registration statement under the Securities Act were effective with respect to such rights and common stock or an exemption from the registration requirements thereunder were available.

We may elect not to make a registration statement available with respect to the preemptive rights and the common stock, in which case you may not be able to exercise your preemptive rights. If a registration statement is not filed, the depositary will sell such holders’ preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds thereof if a premium can be recognized over the cost of any such sale.

Developments in international financial markets may adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and shares.

The market price of our ADSs and shares may be adversely affected by volatility in international financial markets and adverse world economic conditions. The market for Chilean securities and the Chilean economy as a whole are, to varying degrees, influenced by economic and market conditions in the United States and certain emerging market countries, including some in Latin America and Asia. Although economic conditions are different in each country, investors’ reactions to developments in one country can affect the financial markets in other countries, including Chile. Therefore, unfavorable developments in other countries may adversely affect the market price of our ADSs and shares.

In particular, since August 2007, there has been significant volatility in worldwide financial markets due to consequences from the announcement, by several U.S. banks and financial institutions, of significant write-downs related to their exposure to mortgage-backed securities and other financial instruments. This situation, also known as the subprime crisis, translated into significant government bail-outs for important banks worldwide, bankruptcy for some others and an active M&A market in the financial industry. Although the Chilean economy is not directly exposed to the U.S. housing credit market and we do not directly hold any assets related to such financial instruments, the subprime crisis impacted Chilean economic activity towards the end of 2008, with additional effects on the banking industry and our commercial activity. We cannot assure you that these past developments will not continue to affect us, nor that any future developments in international markets could not affect us, including our results of operations and consequently the market price of our ADSs and shares.

Similarly, although our exposure to European sovereign debt is not significant, amounting to U.S.$80.9 million as of December 31, 2012, we cannot assure you that volatility in global financial markets due to the uncertainty regarding the Eurozone fiscal condition will not affect the Chilean economy and consequently our financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, the price of our ADS could be adversely affected by a new financial turmoil in the Eurozone, a slower than expected recovery, or a deterioration in healthier economies, such as Germany and France, that could translate into increasing volatility and uncertainty all over the world.

 

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In the past, Chile has imposed controls on foreign investment and repatriation of investments that affected investments in, and earnings from, our ADSs.

Equity investments in Chile by persons who are not Chilean residents have historically been subject to various exchange control regulations that restrict the repatriation of the investments and earnings therefrom. In April 2001, the Central Bank eliminated most of the regulations that affected foreign investors, although foreign investors still have to provide the Central Bank with information related to equity investments and must conduct such operations within the Formal Exchange Market. Additional Chilean restrictions applicable to holders of our ADSs, the disposition of the shares underlying them, the repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition or the payment of dividends may be imposed in the future, and we cannot advise you as to the duration or impact of such restrictions if imposed.

If for any reason, including changes in Chilean law, the depositary for our ADSs were unable to convert Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars, investors would receive dividends and other distributions, if any, in Chilean pesos.

We are required to withhold 35% from any dividends we pay to you.

ADSs owners are entitled to receive dividends on the underlying shares to the same extent as the holders of shares. Dividends received by ADSs owners will be paid net of foreign currency exchange fees and expenses of the depositary and will be subject to Chilean withholding tax of 35% of the dividend, which we will withhold and pay to the Chilean tax authorities. Any dividend distributions made in property (other than common stock) will be subject to the same Chilean tax rules as cash dividends. For more information, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—Chilean Tax Considerations.”

Risks Relating to Chile

Our growth and profitability depend on the level of economic activity in Chile.

Our core business and transactions are with customers doing business in Chile. Accordingly, our ability to increase our business scale and results of operations, as well as enhance our financial condition, in general, depends on the dynamism of the Chilean economy and specific macroeconomic variables, such as inflation, unemployment, consumption and investment. The global financial crisis that significantly affected the growth in developed economies also affected the Chilean economy by the end of 2008 and during the first three quarters of 2009, which immediately translated into a slowdown in the local banking industry due to lower levels of consumption and deteriorated credit quality in loan portfolios prompted by increasing unemployment. Conversely, during 2010 and 2011 the local economy and financial system experienced a significant upturn, fostered by real GDP growth of around 6% per year, mainly as a result of the recovery in consumption and investment. To a great extent, this trend continued in 2012 by supporting a GDP expansion of 5.6% for the local economy. Accordingly, over the last three years the Chilean banking industry, including us, returned to historical average figures of loan growth and profitability. Nevertheless, we cannot assure you that the Chilean economy will continue to grow in the future or developments in, or affecting, the Chilean economy and the local banking industry will not materially and adversely affect us, our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Currency fluctuations could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and any distributions on the ADSs.

The Chilean Government’s economic policies and any future changes in the value of the Chilean peso with respect to the U.S. dollar could affect the dollar value of our common stock and our ADSs. The peso has been subject to large fluctuations in the past and could continue this trend in the future. Between December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012, the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Chilean peso decreased by approximately 8.2%, as compared to the increase of 11.3% recorded in the period from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2011.

Chilean trading in the shares underlying our ADSs is conducted in pesos. Cash distributions with respect to our shares of common stock are received in Chilean pesos by the depositary, which then converts such amounts to U.S. dollars at the then-prevailing exchange rate for the purpose of making payments in respect of our ADSs. If the value of the U.S. dollar increases relative to the Chilean peso, the dollar value of our ADSs and any distributions to be received from the depositary will decrease. In addition, the depositary will incur customary currency conversion costs (to be borne by the holders of our ADSs) in connection with the conversion and subsequent distribution of dividends or other payments. For more information, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Exchange Controls.”

 

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Our results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates between the Chilean peso and the U.S. dollar despite our policy and Chilean regulations related to the general avoidance of material exchange rate mismatches. In order to reduce the effect of exchange rate mismatches we enter into foreign exchange derivative transactions in order to hedge—partially or totally—our exposure. As of December 31, 2012, our foreign currency-denominated assets and Chilean peso-denominated assets, which contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, exceeded our foreign currency-denominated liabilities and Chilean peso-denominated liabilities, which contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, by an amount of Ch$1,097.2 million, or 0.06% of our paid-in capital and reserves.

We may decide to change our policy regarding exchange rate mismatches. Regulations that limit such mismatches may also be amended or eliminated. Higher exchange rate mismatches will increase our exposure to the devaluation of the Chilean peso, and any such devaluation may impair our capacity to service foreign-currency obligations and may, therefore, materially and adversely affect us, our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, the economic policies of the Chilean Government and any future fluctuations of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Inflation could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and financial condition and results of operations.

Inflation has been moderate in recent years, especially in comparison to the periods of high inflation in the 1980s and 1990s. High levels of inflation in Chile could adversely affect the Chilean economy and, indirectly, our results of operations and the value of our ADSs. The annual rate of inflation (as measured by changes in the CPI and as reported by the Chilean National Institute of Statistics) during the last five years and the first three months of 2013 was:

 

Year

   Inflation
(CPI  Variation)
 

2008

     7.1

2009

     (1.4

2010

     3.0   

2011

     4.4   

2012

     1.5   

2013 (through March 31)

     0.7

 

Source: Chilean National Institute of Statistics

Although we benefit from a positive inflation rate in Chile due to the structure of our assets and liabilities (we have a significant net asset position indexed to the inflation rate), our operating results and the value of our ADSs in the future may be adversely affected by changing levels of inflation, and Chilean inflation could change significantly from current levels. For more information, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial review and Prospects—Inflation.”

Chile has corporate disclosure standards different from those you may be familiar with in the United States.

Chilean disclosure requirements for publicly listed companies differ from those in the United States in some significant aspects. In addition, although Chilean law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, the Chilean securities markets are not as highly regulated and closely supervised as the U.S. securities markets. Accordingly, the information about us available to you will not be the same as the information available to shareholders of a U.S. company. For more information, see “Item 16G. Corporate Governance.”

Chilean law provides for fewer and less well-defined shareholders’ rights.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our estatutos (bylaws) and the laws of Chile. Under such laws, our shareholders may have fewer or less well-defined rights than they might have as shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction. For example, our shareholders would not be entitled to appraisal rights in the event of a merger or other business combination undertaken by us.

 

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Item 4 Information on the Company

History and Development of the BANK

Overview

We were founded in 1893, and we have been, for much of our history, among the largest and most profitable Chilean banks in terms of return on assets and equity in Chile. Our core business is commercial banking in Chile, providing traditional banking products and specialized financial services to our diversified customer base of individuals and companies.

Our legal name is Banco de Chile and we are organized as a banking corporation under the laws of Chile and were licensed by the Superintendency of Banks to operate as a commercial bank on September 17, 1996. Our main executive offices are located at Paseo Ahumada 251, Santiago, Chile, our telephone number is +56 (2) 2637-1111 and our website is www.bancochile.cl. Our representative in the United States is Puglisi & Associates, with offices at 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, Delaware 19711.

We are a full-service financial institution that provides, directly and indirectly through our subsidiaries and affiliates, a wide variety of lending and non-lending products and services to all segments of the Chilean financial market, providing powerful and differentiated value offerings to our customers. Our business is not materially affected by seasonality.

We organize our operations and deliver our services to our customers through the following four principal business segments:

 

  (i) retail banking;

 

  (ii) wholesale banking;

 

  (iii) treasury and money markets; and

 

  (iv) subsidiaries.

We provide our retail customers with credit cards, residential mortgage loans and consumer loans, as well as traditional deposit services, such as current accounts, demand deposits, savings accounts and time deposits. Our retail customers are composed of micro, small and medium sized companies that we serve by providing them with short and long term loans, as well as diverse deposit solution, in order to satisfy their needs. Our banking services for wholesale customers include commercial loans (which include factoring and leasing), foreign trade, capital markets services, cash management and non-lending services, such as payroll and payment services, as well as a wide range of treasury, financial advisory and risk management products.

In 2008, we supplemented our products and services and enhanced our value offerings by entering into a strategic partnership with Citigroup Inc., as a result of our merger with Citibank Chile.

As of December 31, 2012, we also offered international banking services through our Trade Services subsidiary in Hong Kong, our representative offices in São Paulo and Beijing, and a worldwide network of correspondent banks.

In addition to our traditional banking operations, our subsidiaries and affiliates permit us to offer a variety of non-banking but specialized financial services including securities brokerage, mutual funds management, investment banking, factoring, insurance brokerage, securitization, collection and credit pre-evaluation services.

According to the Superintendency of Banks, as of December 31, 2012 and excluding the operations of subsidiaries abroad, we were the largest bank in terms of net income with a market share of 29.0%, the second largest bank in Chile in terms of total loans with a market share of 19.0%, the largest provider of commercial loans with a market share of 19.0%, the largest bank in terms of current account balances held by individuals with a market share of 31.0%, the second largest provider of consumer loans with a market share of 22.0% and the second largest privately owned bank in terms of residential mortgage loans with a market share of 17.2%. Also, according to the Chilean Association of Mutual Funds, as of December 31, 2012 we were the largest provider of mutual funds management with a market share of 23.2%.

 

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As of December 31, 2012 we had:

 

   

total assets of Ch$23,198,200 million (approximately U.S.$48,383 million);

 

   

total loans of Ch$18,771,761 million (approximately U.S.$39,151 million), before deducting allowances for loan losses;

 

   

total deposits of Ch$15,083,921 million (approximately U.S.$31,460 million), of which Ch$5,470,971 million (approximately U.S.$11,410 million) correspond to current account and demand deposits;

 

   

equity (including net income, non-controlling interest and provisions for minimum dividends) of Ch$2,355,462 million (approximately U.S.$4,913 million);

 

   

net income of Ch$478,121 million (approximately U.S.$997 million); and

 

   

market capitalization of Ch$6,944,962 million (approximately U.S.$14,485 million).

As of December 31, 2012, we had 14,581 employees and delivered financial products and services through a nationwide distribution network of 434 branches, and 1,915 ATMs that are part of a larger ATM network operated by Redbanc S.A. (a company owned by us and 11 other privately owned banks) that comprises 6,765 ATMs.

History

We were founded in 1893 as a result of the merger of Banco Nacional de Chile, Banco Agrícola and Banco de Valparaíso, which created the largest privately held bank in Chile. We have played an important role in the economic history of Chile. Before the creation of the Central Bank in 1926 and prior to the enactment of the General Banking Law, we were the main stabilization agent of the Chilean banking system, a role that is now performed by the Chilean Central Bank. Beginning in the early 1970s, the Chilean Government assumed control of a majority of Chilean banks, and all but one of the foreign banks that were operating at that time closed their branches and offices within the country. Throughout this era, we remained as a privately-owned bank, with the exception of a portion of our shares owned by the Chilean Government that were sold to private investors in 1975. Throughout our history we have developed a well-recognized brand name in Chile and expanded our operations in foreign markets, where we developed an extensive network of correspondent banks. In the early twentieth century, we established a representative office in London, which we maintained until 1985, when our operations in Europe were moved to Frankfurt. The office in Frankfurt was closed in 2000, when our foreign operations were centralized at the New York branch. In 1987 and 1988, we established four subsidiaries to provide a full range of specialized financial products and services as permitted by the General Banking Law. In 1999, we widened our scope of specialized financial services by creating our insurance brokerage and factoring subsidiaries. According to our estimates, we remained the largest private bank in Chile until 1996. During the early 2000s, the Chilean banking industry witnessed intense merger and acquisition activity. In 2002, we merged with Banco de A. Edwards, which allowed us to expand our business to new customer segments. In 2008, we sold our U.S. branches to Citigroup in connection with our merger with Citibank Chile that was carried out during the same year. As a result of these consolidations, we currently operate a distribution network that is composed of three brand names, namely, “Banco de Chile” (which operates throughout Chile), “Banco Edwards-Citi” (which is primarily oriented to higher income segments) and “Banco CrediChile” (which is focused on consumer loans and sight accounts for lower and middle income segments). In 2012 we became the market leader in net income and the most profitable bank (the highest return on average equity and average capital and reserves) within the Chilean banking industry, according to information released by the Superintendency of Banks. Similarly, among our peers we were the bank with the best credit quality indicators in terms of past-due loans, provisions for loan losses over average loans and past-due loans coverage. In terms of business, during 2012 we endorsed our leadership in mutual funds management and current accounts for individuals, while our investment banking subsidiary maintained the market leading position in corporate bond placements within the local market, according to information available at the Chilean Association of

 

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Mutual Funds, the Superintendency of Banks and the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, respectively. In terms of funding diversification, in 2012 we accessed new foreign debt markets by placing senior bonds in Hong Kong and Peru for a total aggregate amount of approximately U.S.$193 million. Similarly, we established a commercial paper program in the U.S. market of U.S.$1,000 million.

In addition, during 2012 we undertook a capital increase of approximately Ch$250 billion (approximately U.S.$521 million) backed by the issuance of approximately 3.9 million new series of shares, labeled Banco de Chile-T series. This series has the same rights as any Banco de Chile shares, with the exception that it will not allow its holders to receive dividends and fully paid-in shares, with charge to our net distributable earnings, for the fiscal year 2012. Nevertheless, once those dividends and fully paid-in shares are distributed and paid, all of the Banco de Chile-T shares will automatically convert into Banco de Chile shares. We have successfully completed this equity offering by placing the total amount of shares that were initially offered.

Merger with Banco de A. Edwards

On December 6, 2001, our shareholders approved our merger with Banco de A. Edwards, which became effective on January 1, 2002. Banco de A. Edwards had been listed on the NYSE since 1995, and in January 2002, we were listed on the NYSE under the symbol BCH. Since 2002, our shares have also been traded on the Latin American Stock Exchange of the Madrid Stock Exchange (“Latibex”), and the London Stock Exchange (“LSE”). We concluded the merger process with the consolidation of a new corporate structure and the integration of our technological platforms.

Merger with Citibank Chile

On December 27, 2007, our shareholders approved our merger with Citibank Chile, which became effective on January 1, 2008. During 2008, we integrated Citibank Chile’s technological platforms with ours and established a new organizational structure in order to satisfy the needs of our customers and to achieve important synergies. We concluded the merger process with the integration of Corporación Financiera Atlas S.A. (Citibank Chile’s consumer division) into our consumer division (CrediChile), which allowed us to nearly double our customer base and market share in consumer finance.

Our partnership with Citigroup Inc., an internationally well-known brand name, enabled us to broaden the scope of financial services that we offer to our customers through the addition of global financial services and other benefits. As a result of this partnership, we entered into a global connectivity agreement (the “Global Connectivity Agreement”), which has supported the creation of (i) an international personal banking unit, responsible for optimizing access to financial services outside Chile to our local retail customers, (ii) a global transactional services unit, responsible for executing local and international cash management services, as well as custody and foreign trade assistance, to our wholesale customers, and (iii) an enhanced investment banking unit, responsible for providing financial advisory services and access to global capital markets to our Chilean corporate customers.

Technological Projects

During 2010, our efforts were focused on upgrading internal processes and services, implementing new information technology systems and starting to develop new mid-term strategic IT programs. By December 31, 2010, we had optimized and reduced the response time of different operating processes and achieved important improvements in our internal processes and services, such as: (i) availability of electronic distribution channels; (ii) availability of additional services through the Internet; and (iii) reduction of our operating systems’ starting time. In addition, during 2010 we also implemented several IT projects, including: (i) a new telephone-based service system for our Large Companies and Real Estate Division intended to reduce the rate of unanswered calls; (ii) a system that integrated current accounts from Citibank Chile into our system; and (iii) a number of online systems that allow a credit risk pre-evaluation and online credit simulation through our website. During 2010 we also prioritized the start-up of our data processing center and the upgrade of our contingency site.

In 2011, our technological projects aimed to support the development of new products and services, improve the efficiency and productivity of our internal systems and processes, reinforce our technological infrastructure and minimize our operational risks. Thus, the main projects developed throughout 2011 were: (i) the implementation of new websites and a phone-based sales platform, in addition to the launch of “Banca Móvil”

 

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(mobile solutions for tablets and smartphones) for our retail banking segment; (ii) the development of operational and technological processes required to release the “Banco de Chile | Entel” credit card; (iii) the release of a new platform for options trading; (iv) a new system of financial evaluation for companies that supports the tasks carried out by our Corporate Risk Management Division; and (v) the setup of a new data center.

Throughout 2012, our IT priorities were focused on improving operating efficiency through diverse projects intended to enhance internal processes in quality and timing, as well as reinforcing security in transactional services. Our main IT projects in 2012 included: (i) the automation of product application forms for small and medium sized companies, (ii) implementation of a new online platform for current accounts, (iii) approval of individuals’ and SMEs’ operations through scanned documentation, (iv) time-improving procedures for foreign exchange operations, (v) new systems for managing and trading derivatives, and (vi) the implementation of a new platform for financial planning. For security matters, we implemented world-class security software that is intended to avoid fraud in electronic money transfers. Similarly, we implemented improved ATMs shield procedures.

Therefore, we maintain our commitment of anticipating and minimizing cybersecurity risks, as mentioned in “Item 3. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Operations and the Chilean Banking Industry” and “Item 3. Risk Factors—Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation or results of operations and may result in litigation.”

The 1982-1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt

During the 1982-1983 economic crisis, the Chilean banking system experienced significant instability that required the Central Bank and the Chilean Government to provide assistance to most Chilean private sector banks, including us. During this period, we experienced significant financial difficulties. In 1985 and 1986, we increased our capital and sold shares representing 88% of our capital to more than 30,000 new shareholders. As a result, no single shareholder held a controlling stake in the Bank. In 1987, the Superintendency of Banks returned complete control and administration of the Bank to our shareholders and our Board of Directors by ending our provisional administration based on our successful capital increases as required by Law 18,401.

Subsequent to the crisis, like most major Chilean banks, we sold certain of our non-performing loans to the Central Bank at face value on terms that included a repurchase obligation. The repurchase obligation was later exchanged for subordinated debt of each participating bank issued in favor of the Central Bank. In 1989, pursuant to Law No. 18,818, banks were permitted to repurchase the portfolio of non-performing loans for a price equal to the economic value of such loans, provided that the bank assume a subordinated obligation equal to the difference between the face and economic value of such loans. In November 1989, we repurchased our portfolio of non-performing loans from the Central Bank and assumed the Central Bank’s subordinated debt related to our non-performing loans.

The original repayment terms of our Central Bank subordinated debt, which at December 31, 1989 equaled approximately Ch$1,427,845 million (in real terms), required that a certain percentage of our income before provisions for the subordinated debt be applied to repay this obligation. The Central Bank subordinated debt did not have a fixed maturity, and payments were made only to the extent that we earned income before provisions for the subordinated debt. In 1993 we applied 72.9% of our income before provisions to repay the Central Bank subordinated debt. In 1994 we applied 67.6%, and in 1995 we applied 65.8% of our income before provisions to repay the Central Bank subordinated debt.

In November 1996, pursuant to Law No. 19,396, our shareholders approved a reorganization by which we were converted into a holding company named SM-Chile. In turn, SM-Chile organized a new wholly-owned banking subsidiary named Banco de Chile, to which the former contributed all of its assets and liabilities, other than the Central Bank subordinated debt, to the latter. In addition, SM-Chile created SAOS, a second wholly-owned subsidiary that, pursuant to a prior agreement with the Central Bank, assumed a new repayment obligation in favor of the Central Bank that replaced the Central Bank subordinated debt in its entirety.

This Central Bank debt, for which SAOS is solely responsible and for which there is no recourse to us or SM-Chile, was equal to the unpaid principal of the Central Bank subordinated debt that it replaced but had terms that differed in some aspects, such as the rescheduling of the debt for a term of 40 years providing for equal annual installments and a pledge of our shares as collateral for such debt. The Central Bank debt bears interest at a rate of 5.0% per year and is UF-denominated.

 

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In exchange for assuming the Central Bank debt, SAOS received from SM-Chile 63.6% of our shares as collateral. Although shares held by SAOS as collateral have economic rights that belong to the Chilean Central Bank, their voting rights are exercised by SM-Chile’s shareholders. As a result of our merger with Banco de A. Edwards, the percentage of our shares held by SAOS decreased to 42.0%. Subsequently, as a result of the capital increases agreed upon in the Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings held in May 2007. January 2011 and October 2012, the share dividends paid in May 2006, May 2007, June 2009, March 2011, March 2012 and March 2013, as well as the merger with Citibank Chile in January 2008, the percentage of our shares held by SAOS further decreased to 32.5%. Dividends received from us are the sole source of SAOS’s revenues, to be applied by legal mandate to repay its debt to the Central Bank of Chile. SAOS does not have any other material debt, as it is a special purpose legal entity created by Law 19,396 whose only business is to own Banco de Chile shares and repay the obligation to the Central Bank of Chile. However, under SAOS’s agreement with the Central Bank, we have no obligation to distribute dividends to our shareholders. To the extent distributed dividends are not sufficient to pay the amount due on its debt; SAOS is permitted to maintain a cumulative deficit balance with the Central Bank that SAOS commits to pay with future dividends. If the cumulative deficit balance exceeds an amount equal to 20% of our paid-in capital and reserves, the Central Bank may require SAOS to sell a sufficient number of shares of our stock to pay the entire accumulated deficit amount. As of March 31, 2013, SAOS maintained a surplus with the Central Bank of Ch$275,702 million, equivalent to 13.4% of our paid-in capital and reserves as of the same date. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Operations and the Banking Industry—Our affiliate may be obligated to sell shares of our stock in the public market if we do not pay sufficient dividends”.

As of December 31, 2012, the outstanding subordinated debt balance held by SAOS amounted to Ch$754,322 million (including accrued interests). SAOS paid to the Central Bank a total of Ch$97,973 million during 2009, Ch$101,972 million during 2010, Ch$131,530 million during 2011 and Ch$124,342 million in 2012, exceeding in each of these years the required minimum annual payment.

As of December 31, 2012, the major shareholder of SM-Chile was LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. (a subsidiary of Quiñenco S.A.), which owned, directly and indirectly, 58.2% of SM-Chile’s total shares. As of the same date, our major shareholders were LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A., SAOS and SM-Chile, each having a direct participation of 33.1%, 31.8% and 13.5% in our total common stock, respectively.

If from time to time in the future our shareholders decide to retain and capitalize all or part of our annual net income in order to finance our future growth and to distribute stock dividends, the Central Bank may require us to pay the portion of the net income corresponding to shares owned by SAOS in cash to SAOS. If we distribute stock dividends and the Central Bank does not require us to pay that portion in cash, the shares received by SAOS must be sold by SAOS within the following 12 months. The shareholders of SM-Chile will have a right of first refusal with respect to that sale.

Capital Expenditures

The following table sets forth our capital expenditures in each of the three years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Computer equipment

   Ch$ 7,922       Ch$ 8,797       Ch$ 7,750   

Furniture, machinery and installations

     8,658         9,425         8,949   

Real estate

     5,387         3,481         337   

Vehicles

     362         370         945   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     22,329         22,073         17,981   

Software

     15,326         9,597         9,116   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 37,655       Ch$ 31,670       Ch$ 27,097   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Our budget for capital expenditures for 2013 is Ch$46,203 million, 64.8% of which is related to information technology expenditures and 35.2% of which is associated with infrastructure projects. The budget for capital expenditures is in line with our strategic priorities of improving our efficiency and reinforcing our proximity to our customers, particularly in our retail banking segment, through physical as well as non-physical contact channels. These capital expenditures are principally financed by our capital and long-term debt financing.

Among the budgeted expenditures for information technology, 33.8% corresponds to projects under development intended to provide us with business solutions as well as productivity improvements, 30.8% is related to maintenance and upgrades to our main infrastructure, 26.7% is for projects related to the expansion and security reinforcement of our ATM network, and the remaining amount relates to technological renewal and the development of diverse projects for supporting commercial and back office activities.

Our 2012 budget for infrastructure expenditures includes disbursements associated with new branches, as well as the renovation and relocation of some of our existing commercial branches, and general maintenance and renewal investments.

 

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BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Our Competitive Strengths

Building on our knowledge of the Chilean financial market, we have historically been able to develop significant competitive advantages based on our strong brand recognition, our widespread branch network, the diversity and relative size of our customer base, our highly competitive funding structure, the superior asset quality of our loan portfolio as compared to our peers in Chile, an attractive risk-return relationship and our market leadership in a diverse range of financial products and services.

Our main competitive advantages are:

Brand Recognition and Strong Corporate Image

We have been operating in the Chilean financial industry for 119 years under the “Banco de Chile” brand name. In order to provide our customers with differentiated value offerings and a wider range of financial products and services, we have also developed the “Banco Edwards|Citi”, “Banco CrediChile” and “Banchile” brand names. We believe our long-standing history in the Chilean market is recognized by our customers and the general public, who associate us with quality, reliability and social responsibility within the Chilean financial industry, as demonstrated in various polls conducted by well-known market research companies. According to market research conducted by Adimark GFK (part of the GFK Group), during 2012 we remained the most recognized brand among financial institutions operating in Chile. Also in 2012, Merco (a corporate reputation monitor headquartered in Spain) ranked Banco de Chile as the market leader in corporate reputation within the Chilean banking industry and the third-ranked company in Chile. We believe that our long history in the Chilean banking industry is a key element that differentiates us from our competitors.

Additionally, we believe that our merger with Citibank Chile reinforced our corporate image as a leading financial institution within Chile and allowed us to gain recognition among customers and investors all over the world.

We also believe that our strong corporate image is further strengthened by our commitment to social responsibility, which includes supporting the Teleton Foundation (a non-governmental organization dedicated to assisting and treating Chilean disabled children), our partnership with institutions dedicated to improving the quality of Chilean education, our participation in campaigns intended to improve the quality of life of needy people, our commitment to the development of sports in Chile by supporting the national soccer team and disabled athletes, and our environmental pledge that has led us to implement energy and forestry resources saving policies, as well as other initiatives intended to strengthen our role in, and contribution to, Chilean society.

Business Scale and Leading Market Position

We are one of the largest financial institutions in Chile and have become market leaders in a broad range of financial products and services within the Chilean financial system, as depicted in the following table:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Market Share     Market Position  

Commercial Loans(1)

     19.0     1st   

Individuals’ Current Accounts Balances

     31.0     1st   

Mutual Funds (Assets under management)

     23.2     1st   

Net Fees and Commissions Income

     24.2     1st   

Net Income for the Period(1)

     29.0     1st   

 

Source: Superintendency of Banks and Chilean Association of Mutual Funds.

 

(1) Excluding operations of subsidiaries abroad.

We have traditionally been recognized as a financial institution with a strong presence in the wholesale segment, able to establish long-term relationships with the major local and multinational companies that operate in Chile. We have been able to maintain this leading position by continuously improving our products and services and supplementing them with comprehensive and tailored service models that allow us to further successfully serve

 

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our customers’ needs. We have also added value to our service offerings by including treasury products for hedging purposes, which is also supplemented by investment banking, insurance brokerage and other specialized financial services.

In addition, in the recent years we have focused on further penetrating the retail banking segment through diverse value offerings intended to cover all of the populations and enterprise segments we target. Therefore, over the last five years we have prioritized our loan growth in residential mortgage loans and payment channels, as we believe they are appropriate vehicles to build long-term relationships and customer loyalty, while increasing cross-selling opportunities. As a result, through our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking), we lead the market in services offered to high-income individuals for whom we have developed an attractive and complete portfolio of financial services, including a full range of wealth management services through some of our subsidiaries. Also, our Consumer Finance Division (Banco CrediChile) has become one of the largest providers of consumer loans among the Chilean banks’ consumer divisions, based on comprehensive service offerings for low- and middle-income individuals. This has been recently supplemented by the implementation of business solutions for low-scale entrepreneurs and individual customers in periphery districts. This broad variety of services has also enabled us to lead the Chilean market in terms of income from fees and commissions.

We believe our financial strength, prestige and brand recognition among Chilean customers have allowed us to become the market leader in terms of current account balances within the Chilean financial system, especially among individuals, who have demonstrated their preference for our services. Our position was further consolidated in the financial downturn in 2009, when we benefited from a “flight-to-quality” effect as investors were seeking a reliable institution in which to keep their funds.

Robust Customer Base and Nationwide Distribution Network

We believe that we have one of the largest customer bases among financial institutions in Chile. As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately 1,807,000 customers, including: approximately 1,121,000 borrowers, nearly 670,000 current accounts customers, approximately 181,000 time deposits, about 409,000 saving accounts and approximately 1,530,000 issued credit cards. Over the last three years, our customer base has expanded at a compound average growth rate (“CAGR”) of 5.9%. In line with our strategic priorities and the characteristics of the target segments we serve, our retail banking customer base (individuals and SMEs) has expanded by 6.0% (3-year CAGR) that compares to the 3.9% (3-year CAGR) recorded in our wholesale banking segment.

We believe that our robust customer base is both an essential driver of our business and a valuable asset that enables us to cross-sell our products and services.

In order to better serve our customers, we are present in all regions of Chile and strive to be accessible to every Chilean customer through our broad branch network, as well non-physical contact channels. As of December 31, 2012, we had a nationwide branch network of 434 branches, one of the largest within the Chilean banking industry, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks. This network comprised 239 branches under our “Banco de Chile” brand name, 39 branches under our “Banco Edwards|Citi” brand name and 156 branches under our “Banco CrediChile” brand name. We believe that our broad branch network enables us to develop close relationships with our customers and therefore we are constantly assessing new branch locations throughout Chile.

In addition, to improve our customer service, we are constantly reviewing the appearance and layout of our branches. Our aim is to turn each of our branches into a business generating unit. As a result, we have redesigned our service models in most of our credit-lending units in order to maximize branch profitability and enable our on-site account executives to focus on serving customers and developing new businesses rather than focusing on administrative tasks, which have been mostly transferred to back-office staff.

We have also supplemented our branch network with non-physical remote channels, such as ATMs and internet-based online platforms. As of December 31, 2012 we had 1,915 ATMs throughout Chile and our Mobile Banking application for tablets and smartphones was the highest ranked in our local industry, according to a survey conducted by TBI Unit (a business intelligence company headquartered in Argentina) and was downloaded more than 165,000 times during 2012.

 

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Diversified Value Offering of Financial Products and Services

In response to the diverse needs of our customers, we have become a full-service financial group that operates under a multi-brand approach, offering a wide range of traditional banking products and services to our customers that are supplemented by the specialized financial services provided by our subsidiaries, including:

 

 

securities brokerage,

 

 

mutual funds management,

 

 

securitization,

 

 

factoring,

 

 

financial advisory,

 

 

insurance brokerage,

 

 

collection services, and

 

 

credit-assessment services.

In addition, our strategic alliance with Citigroup Inc. and our Global Connectivity Agreement have allowed us to broaden our service offerings by adding a comprehensive portfolio of international financial services that previously we could only partially provide.

All of the above is supplemented by service models that aim to be as tailored as possible, based on continuously improving segmentation methodologies that look for differentiated customers across all of our segments and sub-segments.

Competitive Funding Structure

We believe that we have a cost-effective and highly competitive funding structure based on our leading market position in current accounts and demand deposits, especially among individuals. According to the Superintendency of Banks, as of December 31, 2012, we held 31.0% of individuals’ current account balances, which placed us at the top of the Chilean financial industry in this regard. As of that same date, the total balance of our non-interest bearing current accounts and demand deposits represented 24.7% of our total funding structure as compared to the 16.7% reported by the Chilean financial system as a whole (excluding Banco de Chile).

Accordingly, we believe that our funding structure provides us with a funding cost advantage over our competitors (which use a higher proportion of interest bearing liabilities), as current accounts and demand deposits are the cheapest funding source available in Chile, since they are non-interest bearing liabilities.

We are also constantly striving to diversify our funding. In that effort, during 2012 we successfully placed approximately U.S.$1,300 million in senior (approximately U.S.$1,250 million) and subordinated bonds (approximately U.S.$50 million) within the local market. We were able to access new foreign debt markets like Peru (U.S.$.29 million) and Hong Kong (U.S.$164 million). Similarly, we established a commercial paper program in the U.S. market of U.S.$1,000 million.

Superior Asset Quality

We believe we are one of the Chilean financial institutions with the highest credit quality and the healthiest loan portfolio in Chile. We believe, this asset quality is the result of our well-known prudent risk management approach and our accurate credit risk models that are constantly improving and have enabled us to maintain relatively low levels of total past-due loans and high coverage indicators over the last few years.

According to the Superintendency of Banks, as of December 31, 2012, we had a delinquency ratio (total past-due loans as a percentage of total loans) of 1.0%, which is well below the delinquency ratio of 2.4% reported by

 

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the Chilean financial system (excluding Banco de Chile and operations of subsidiaries abroad) as of the same date. Additionally, we maintain the highest coverage ratio (allowances for loan losses to total past-due loans) in the Chilean financial system, which as of December 31, 2012 was equal to 2.4 times as compared to 0.9 times for the Chilean financial system (excluding Banco de Chile and operations of subsidiaries abroad).

Our Business Strategy

Vision

“We aspire to be the best bank for our customers, the best place to work, the best investment for our shareholders and the bank with the strongest commitment to the community.”

Throughout our history, we have aspired to be the leading bank in the Chilean financial system. This vision involves all of the diverse stakeholders related to our business and is shared and internalized by all areas across our organization, senior management and the board of directors.

Among the main stakeholders that we strive to satisfy are:

 

 

Our customers

 

   

Our aim is to gain substantial knowledge of our customers in order to align our value offerings to their needs, requirements and aspirations in order to build long-term relationships.

 

   

In addition, our brand recognition, corporate reputation and market leadership within the local financial industry represent important competitive advantages that we must capitalize on, preserve and improve by providing our customers with innovative and tailored value offerings.

 

 

Our employees

 

   

We are convinced that our human resources are one of our core competitive advantages, given our team’s commitment, dedication and distinctive identity within the financial system.

 

   

We also believe that promoting a better work environment is key to providing exceptional customer service. For this reason, we focus on creating effective communication channels and developing a meritocratic culture by rewarding our staff’s talents and achievements.

 

 

Our shareholders

 

   

We maintain our shareholders’ trust by engaging in projects and businesses intended to maximize the company’s long-term value, while being prudent with regards to business-related risks.

 

   

Also, through commercial strategies that combine enhanced service quality and higher returns, we have been able to add significant value for our shareholders. This approach—which we expect to maintain—distinguishes us within the Chilean financial system.

 

 

Our community

 

   

We believe that our business actions and financial performance depend on our community involvement. As a result, we strive to continuously reinforce our commitment to the community by carrying out diverse social impact initiatives.

 

   

Thus, we are committed to entrepreneurship, the integration of disabled people, high-quality education and environmental protection.

Mission

‘To be a leading financial institution across all segments, providing first-class financial services with innovative solutions that fit our customers’ needs’.

 

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To accomplish this mission, we believe it is essential to attain industry leadership in all businesses and financial areas in which we operate, namely, profitability, efficiency, business scale, customer base, human resources development and corporate social responsibility.

Also, this mission requires initiatives intended to achieve comprehensive excellence in management, with customer satisfaction as our major goal. This requires relying on the best information technology, business models and quality standards within the industry, all of which is summarized by the value creation cycle below:

 

LOGO

Strategic Focuses

Our long-term strategy is to maintain and enhance our position as a leading financial institution in Chile by providing a broad range of financial products and services to corporations and individuals nationwide. As part of this strategy, we have developed a multi-brand approach to target different market segments. We intend to leverage our strongly positioned brand names “Banco de Chile”, “Banco Edwards|Citi” and “Banco CrediChile” in traditional banking, which are supplemented by specialized financial services (such as securities brokerage services, mutual funds management, securitization services, factoring services, financial advisory services and insurance brokerage services) provided by our subsidiaries that operate under the “Banchile” brand name.

Since the performance of our business depends on many factors, we cannot assure you that we will be able to implement our strategies successfully or that we will be able to reach our strategic goals. For a discussion of certain risks applicable to our operations, industry and country we operate in, see “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors.”

Our long-term strategy is based on the following key goals:

Maintain Profitable Growth

Our business model is focused on those lines of business that add significant economic value to our shareholders, have appropriate levels of risk and allow us to strengthen long-term relationships with our customers. We seek sustained growth, particularly in higher-margin segments and business areas that show strong growth potential. Accordingly, in recent years we have reoriented our business focus towards the retail, large companies and treasury segments, in which we aim to achieve the same prominent position that we have obtained in the corporate segment. Thus, we strive to:

 

 

Lead the Retail Banking Segment

In our retail banking segment, our aim is to lead the market by creating differentiated and comprehensive value offerings based on a deep and continuously improving segmentation that permits us to engage in profitable and high-growth potential business opportunities. Thus, we expect to expand our business and customer base by developing tailored service models, enlarging our branch network, enhancing our presence in the Small and Medium Companies segment and reinforcing certain lending products that should enable us to consolidate long-term relationships with our customers, especially through payment channels usage (such as credit cards) and residential mortgage loans.

 

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To supplement this strategy, in 2011 we launched our new “Banca Móvil”, a mobile banking solution for our retail banking customers available for tablets and smartphones. During 2012, the application was downloaded more than 165,000 times and was the highest ranked in Chile, as reported by TBI unit (a business intelligence monitor company). Also, we continue to reinforce strategic lending products such us our residential mortgage business, where we gained 82 bp market share during 2012, and our credit card business, by increasing the penetration in targeted segments by adding 28 bp market share in credit card purchases.

During 2012 we expanded our financial services in order to increase banking services in the population and enterprises segments that have not been fully penetrated. As part of these efforts, we implemented the ‘Caja Chile’ project that provides lower income customers with a suite of basic financial services through a transactional platform located in local convenience stores that enter into commercial agreements with us. As of December 31, 2012, we had a network of more than 1,000 convenience stores that were added to the project. Similarly, in order to offer more specialized solutions to a wide range of micro businesses in Chile, we created ‘Microentreprises Banking’ that operates within our Consumer Division. As of December 31, 2012 we had implemented 40 platforms of this banking segment and had added more than 7,500 customers.

This strategy intends to take advantage of the retail banking segment’s growth potential. Even though Chile’s per capita GDP has tripled over the last 20 years, banking penetration in the Chilean economy is still below comparable countries, particularly within the low- and middle-income population segments and with respect to certain banking products such as residential mortgage loans. Thus, we believe we can further grow this segment since, according to the Superintendency of Banks, as of December 31, 2012, we had a 22.0% market share in consumer loans and a 17.2% market share in residential mortgage loans, which are 2.2% and 4.4% below the market leader, respectively. Due to our effective commercial strategies, during 2012 we were able to substantially reduce the gap between us and the market leader in both products. Prior to 2012, the gap was 3.3% in consumer loans and 6.9% in residential mortgage loans.

 

 

Enhance the Wholesale Banking Segment

In our wholesale banking segment (large companies and corporations), we aim to maintain our leading market position in terms of loans and focus on achieving higher profitability by improving our value offerings in order to increase cross-sell. Thus, we are focused on: improving our offering of cash management services, increasing the penetration of products designed by our Treasury, enhancing our presence in certain lending products such as leasing and factoring, and promoting international businesses by taking advantage of the commercial synergies related to both our merger with Citibank Chile (such as the Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup) and the specialized financial services offered by our subsidiaries, such as securities brokerage, mutual funds management and financial advisory.

We believe that we have already achieved significant improvements in these matters. According to our management information system, we have increased our cross-sell indicator of non-lending revenues to lending revenues from 1.33 times in 2009 to 1.96 times in 2012. As a result of the previously mentioned initiatives, we expect to keep enhancing our cross-sell strategy and the wholesale segment’s profitability.

In addition to our traditional lending activities, we have developed supplemental financial services in order to diversify our revenue sources and continue to grow profitably, such as foreign exchange derivative transactions and fee-based products and services. As a result, our consolidated income from fees and other services has become an important and stable source of revenue, reaching Ch$308,773 million (or 24.5% of our total operating revenues) in 2011 and Ch$307,257 million (or 22.9% of our total operating revenues) in 2012. We aim to continue increasing our net fees and commissions income by developing new products and services and by reinforcing cross-sell in the retail and wholesale segments.

 

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During 2012 we promoted diverse services, such as leasing, factoring and cash management. As for leasing, based on specific commercial initiatives we added 1,200 customers, which represented a 13.7% annual increase and translated into a year-end balance of Ch$1,275 billion. Similarly, our factoring services continue to gain market presence by innovating wider value propositions for our customers, while we are constantly strengthening our Global Transactional Services by enhancing our offer of cash management services. This translated into an 8.0% annual rise in collection and payment services and approximately 103,000 new sight accounts. We are also constantly looking for profitable business opportunities with potential partners, such as our merger with Citibank Chile. In this regard, the Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup enabled us to assist our customer in significant off-shore transactions during 2012, especially in international bond placements.

Improve Operating Efficiency

We believe that operating efficiency is a key competitive advantage within a highly competitive market such as the Chilean financial system. As a result, we strive to increase our efficiency levels by increasing productivity and reducing costs. To achieve this goal, we have invested in information technology and the development of simpler, more manageable, secure and modern business processes and platforms to attain faster response times and higher productivity.

In the last three years, we have invested approximately Ch$58,300 million (approximately Ch$23,200 million, Ch$18,400 million and Ch$16,700 in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively) in technology, mainly in software and hardware, as we believe this is one of the best ways to improve our service quality and operating efficiency. Similarly, we are developing internal processes intended to reduce and keep our expenses under control.

In 2012, we focused on improving operating efficiency through diverse projects intended to enhance internal operating processes in quality and timing, as well as reinforcing security in transactional services. Whereas the former was executed through increasing automation of back-office matters and the implementation of new IT platforms for financial planning and commercial tasks, the latter will enable us to reduce operational risks in the future, based on the setup of anti-fraud security softwares for electronic transfers and security measures for avoiding attacks to our ATMs network.

As a result, our efficiency ratio has maintained suitable levels over the last three years. During 2010, 2011 and 2012, our consolidated operating expenses represented respectively 46.7%, 48.7% and 47.3% of our consolidated operating revenues, which favorably compare to the industry average.

We believe that we still have room to improve our efficiency ratio in the coming years by enhancing our strategic development capabilities, increasing our business scale (generating economies of scale), developing economies of scope by incorporating new financially related businesses, reinforcing the productivity of our branch network, enhancing our remote transactional channels, improving our credit processes, developing a higher level of automation in our internal processes and reinforcing our cost controls and monitoring procedures.

Achieve Superior Service Quality

We are convinced that in a highly competitive industry, such as the Chilean banking system, a key element of competition is a customer-based focus, in order to generate loyalty and long-term relationships. To achieve this goal, we strive to continuously improve our relationship with our customers by developing commercial strategies aligned with their needs, as well as improving our time response and customer satisfaction indicators.

Consistent with this view, in 2009 we created a new area responsible for assessing and improving the quality of our services. This area has set new policies and projects to achieve the highest service quality standards within the Chilean banking industry. The area is composed of work teams of employees from different areas of the Bank, who are committed to develop and promote a high-quality culture in the Bank.

During 2012 our attention was focused on: (i) ensuring the operational performance and availability of contact channels, services and systems, (ii) automating operational procedures with a focus on minimizing errors

 

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and hand-made tasks, (iii) redesigning critical processes that have an impact on customer satisfaction by improving availability, training, homogeneity and time response for each segment or contact channel, (iv) redesigning the requirement and complaint attention process by applying a customer-oriented vision (timing and quality), (v) expediting credit–approval processes and (vi) developing specialized solutions and enhancing the use of remote attention platforms for wholesale banking customers.

We expect to continue benchmarking our competitors’ service performance and incorporate best practices from other markets, industries and countries.

Promote Excellence in Human Resources Management

We believe human resources are a key element to achieve our long-term goals. In order to consolidate profitable growth, attain operating efficiency and achieve high service quality standards over the long term, we believe it is essential to have a motivated and highly-qualified workforce that is aligned with our corporate goals.

Accordingly, we strive to develop a staff committed to both excellence and our corporate values by establishing a distinctive culture among our employees and promoting: (i) a clear focus on the customer, (ii) confidence and leadership, (iii) meritocracy and high performance, (iv) collaboration and teamwork, (v) accountability and empowerment and (vi) innovation and continuous improvement.

We also seek to remain as one of the most respected employers in Chile. For this reason, in the past we carried out a comprehensive talent inventory review in order to suitably identify our staff’s skills and define the correct policies in order to optimize the management of our human resources. During 2012 we undertook diverse projects and initiatives intended to reinforce these topics by emphasizing the excellence in selection and recruitment processes, which translated into a new platform that manages the internal mobility of our talents. Also, we improved the competence evaluation methodology intended to detect remarkable performance and enhance the career development of our staff. As for training activities, we have continued to focus on generating leadership capabilities through diverse programs. We believe these initiatives are aligned with our strategy and the professional development that our team aspires to achieve.

 

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Ownership Structure(1)

The following diagram shows our ownership structure as of April 15, 2013:

 

LOGO

 

(1) The ownership structure diagram only reflects share ownership and it does not represent voting rights. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders”

 

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Principal Business Activities

We are a full-service financial institution that provides, directly and indirectly through our subsidiaries and affiliates, a wide variety of lending and non-lending products and services to all segments of the Chilean financial market. Accordingly, for management purposes we organize our operations in the following four business segments:

 

LOGO

The information related to our business segments presented in this section has been prepared in accordance with our internal reporting policies. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012—Business Segments” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012—Summary of Differences between Internal Reporting Policies and IFRS” for a description of the most significant differences between our internal reporting policies and IFRS.

The following table sets forth information on the composition of our loan portfolio and our consolidated income before income tax in accordance with our internal reporting policies for the year ended December 31, 2012, allocated among our principal business segments:

 

     Total Loans     Income before
Income Tax(1)
 
     For the Year Ended December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Retail market

   Ch$ 9,457,468         50.4   Ch$ 254,209   

Wholesale market

     8,812,726         47.0        196,660   

Treasury and money market operations

     —           —          22,387   

Operations through subsidiaries

     491,571         2.6        46,545   

Other (Adjustments and Eliminations)

     —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 18,761,765         100.0   Ch$ 519,801   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) This net income breakdown is used for internal reporting and planning purposes and it is based on, among other things, our estimated funding cost and direct and indirect cost allocations. This breakdown may differ in some extents from breakdowns of our operating income for financial reporting and regulatory purposes. Separate information on the operations, assets and income of our financial services subsidiaries and affiliates is provided below under “—Operations through Subsidiaries.”

 

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The following table sets forth our consolidated operating revenues in accordance with our internal reporting policies, allocated among our principal business segments:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Retail market

   Ch$ 672,527      Ch$ 773,814      Ch$ 860,058   

Wholesale market

     281,058        281,994        321,004   

Treasury and money market operations

     77,723        31,432        32,590   

Operations through subsidiaries

     150,312        148,670        142,524   

Other (adjustments and eliminations)

     (12,838     (12,128     (14,137
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Operating Revenues

   Ch$ 1,168,782      Ch$ 1,223,782      Ch$ 1,342,039   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table sets forth a geographic market breakdown of our operating revenues in accordance with our internal reporting policies for the years indicated:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Chile

   Ch$ 1,181,530      Ch$ 1,235,817      Ch$ 1,356,111   

Banking operations

     1,031,308        1,087,240        1,213,652   

Operations through subsidiaries

     150,222        148,577        142,459   

Foreign operations

     90        93        65   

Operations through subsidiaries

     90        93        65   

Other (adjustments and eliminations)

     (12,838     (12,128     (14,137
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Operating Revenues

   Ch$ 1,168,782      Ch$ 1,223,782      Ch$ 1,342,039   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Retail Market

Our retail banking segment serves the financial needs of individuals and small and medium-sized companies through our branch network. As of December 31, 2012, we had a total of 434 branches, of which 278 operated under our “Banco de Chile” and “Banco Edwards Citi” brand names, while 156 operated under our “Banco CrediChile” brand name.

As of December 31, 2012, our retail banking segment represented 50.4% of our total loans and accounted for Ch$254,209 million of our income before income tax for the year ended December 31, 2012.

In terms of composition, as set forth in the following table, as of December 31, 2012 our retail banking segment’s loan portfolio was principally focused on residential mortgage loans, which represented 44.3% of the segment’s loan book. The remaining loans were distributed between consumer (29.8%) and commercial loans (25.9%).

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except
percentages)
 
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:              

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 2,449,136         25.9

Residential mortgage loans

     4,190,210         44.3   

Consumer loans

     2,818,122         29.8   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 9,457,468         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

We serve the retail market through two different and specialized divisions: (i) the Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) and (ii) the Consumer Finance Division (or Banco CrediChile).

Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking)

The Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) is responsible for offering financial services to individuals with monthly incomes over Ch$500,000 (or Ch$6.0 million per year) and to small and medium-sized

 

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companies with annual sales of up to approximately Ch$1,600 million. This division manages the portion of our branch network that operates under the brand names “Banco de Chile” and “Banco Edwards Citi” and had 278 branches as of December 31, 2012.

The strategy followed by the Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) is mainly focused on sub-segmentation, multi-brand positioning, cross-sell of lending and non-lending products and service quality based on customized service models for specific customer needs. Loyalty programs have been increasingly incorporated into our commercial targets for each sub-segment and they have enabled us to increase the use of our credit cards and our commission–based income. In addition, the division’s operations count on the support of specialized call centers and internet banking services, along with a wide range of management tools that allow us to measure returns, the performance of cross-sold products and the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. During 2012, we continued to promote the use of non-physical or remote channels by consolidating our “Banca Móvil” (mobile banking) application, an internet-based solution that allows our customers to make banking transactions from their tablets and smartphones. In 2012, this application was ranked highest in Chile by a study conducted by TBI Unit. As of December 31, 2012 the application was downloaded approximately 165,000 times and was used by roughly 145,000 customers.

As of December 31, 2012, the Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) served 833,659 individual customers (hereafter “customer” should be understood as the sum of individuals or companies that hold at least a current account, a credit card or a sight account) and 69,930 small and medium-sized Chilean companies. This customer base resulted jointly in total loans granted to 662,104 borrowers, which includes 91,548 residential mortgage loans debtors, 86,365 commercial loan debtors, 362,306 utilized lines of credit, 318,444 installment loans and 1,037,467 credit card accounts. As of the same date, the division held 668,739 current accounts, 153,238 savings accounts and 160,031 time deposits.

As of December 31, 2012, loans granted by our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) represented 46.3% of our total loans and 91.8% of loans granted by our retail market segment. The following table sets forth the composition of the division’s loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2012:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except
percentages)
 

Commercial Loans

     

Commercial credits

   Ch$ 2,070,091         23.8

Leasing contracts

     249,916         2.9   

Other loans

     118,354         1.4   

Total Commercial Loans

     2,438,361         28.1   

Residential Mortgage Loans

     4,128,128         47.5   

Consumer Loans

     

Installment loans

     1,275,712         14.7   

Credit cards

     600,153         6.9   

Lines of credit and other loans

     243,524         2.8   

Total Consumer Loans

     2,119,389         24.4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 8,685,878         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

We offer a variety of financial services to individuals and small and medium-sized companies, directly through the division or indirectly through our subsidiaries, such as current accounts, automatic bill payment, debit cards, credit cards, revolving credit lines, residential mortgage loans, consumer loans, commercial loans, mortgage loans for general purposes, leasing agreements, factoring services, mutual funds management and stock brokerage, support in foreign trade transactions, collection services, payments and collections, insurance brokerage (which includes life and casualty insurance), savings instruments and foreign currency services.

Installment Loans

Our consumer installment loans are generally incurred, up to a customer’s approved credit limit, to afford the goods or services purchases, such as cars, travels and household furnishings. Consumer loans may be denominated in both pesos and UF, bear fixed or variable interest rates and are generally repayable in installments over a period of up to 36 months.

 

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As of December 31, 2012, we had Ch$1,275,712 million in installment loans granted by our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking), which accounted for 45.3% of the retail market business segment’s consumer loans. Most of these installment loans are denominated in Chilean pesos and are payable monthly.

Residential Mortgage Loans

As of December 31, 2012, we had outstanding residential mortgage loans of Ch$4,198,667 million, which represented 22.4% of our total loans. According to information published by the Superintendency of Banks, as of December 31, 2012, we were Chile’s second largest privately owned bank in terms of mortgage loans, accounting for approximately 21.6% of mortgage loans granted by Chilean privately owned banks, excluding loans granted by Banco del Estado, a government-owned bank, and subsidiaries that operate abroad.

Our residential mortgage loans are generally denominated in UF and have maturities that range between five and thirty years. As of December 31, 2012, the average residual maturity of our residential mortgage loan portfolio was 17.2 years. Originally, we funded our residential mortgage loans through the issuance of mortgage finance bonds, which are recourse obligations only to us with payment terms that are matched to the residential loans. Also, the mortgage finance bonds bear real market interest rates plus a fixed spread over the variable rate of the UF, which permits us to reduce our exposure to interest rate fluctuations and inflation. Chilean banking regulations allow us to finance up to 100% of a residential mortgage loan with mortgage finance bonds, based on the purchase price of the property securing the loan or the appraised value of such property. In addition, we generally require that the monthly payments on a residential mortgage loan not exceed 25% of the borrower’s household after-tax monthly income, when the customer belongs to the low-income population segment. However, that limit may be adjusted for the middle and high-income population segments.

Over the last decade, we have also promoted the expansion of Mutuos Hipotecarios, a mortgage-lending product, which is not financed by mortgage finance bonds, but instead through our general funds. Mutuos Hipotecarios allow customers to finance up to 100% of the purchase price or the appraised value of the property, whichever is lower, instead of the 75% that a standard mortgage would allow. As of December 31, 2012, our residential mortgage loan portfolio was principally composed of Mutuos Hipotecarios, as customers have preferred them due to their flexibility and simplicity (for instance the interest rate is known in advance by the customer), as they permit financing of up to 100% of the property’s purchase price and are easier to prepay.

The following table sets forth the composition of our residential mortgage loan portfolio by product type:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except
percentages)
 

Secured Residential Mortgage Loans(1)

     

Loans financed with Mortgage Bonds

   Ch$ 109,215         2.6

Mutuos Hipotecarios

     4,089,452         97.4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Secured Residential Mortgage Loans

   Ch$ 4,198,667         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Correspond to the Bank’s total secured residential mortgage loans and not only those associated with the Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking).

As shown above, as of December 31, 2012 residential mortgage loans financed with Mortgage Bonds represented 2.6% of our total residential mortgage loan portfolio, while the remaining 97.4% corresponded to Mutuos Hipotecarios. As of the same date, loans financed with Mortgage Bonds had an average origination period of 12 years (the period from the date when the loans were granted) and 28.4% of these loans were granted by CrediChile. Conversely, as of December 31, 2012 the Mutuos Hipotecarios portfolio had an average origination period of 3.5 years (the period from the date when the loans were granted to the specified date) and just 0.9% of these loans were granted by CrediChile. In terms of credit risk, in 2012, loans financed with Mortgage Bonds, as well as Mutuos Hipotecarios, had low gross credit risk ratios of 0.62% and 0.10%, respectively. The difference between both ratios is explained by the previously mentioned factors and also by the Bank’s stricter requirements to grant Mutuos Hipotecarios that may finance up to 100% of the property’s purchase price. It is important to mention

 

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that the residential mortgage loan portfolio financed with Mortgage Bonds is annually decreasing in amount and as a proportion of the total residential mortgage loan portfolio, since currently customers prefer Mutuos Hipotecarios. Accordingly, the portfolio of residential mortgage loans financed with Mortgage Bonds is expected to have increasing gross credit risk ratios over time until its expiration, because the proportion of non-performing loans becomes higher as long as responsible borrowers terminate their liability with the bank.

Regarding Mortgage Bonds that finance residential mortgage loans, the Bank is solely responsible for the payment of the Mortgage Bond obligation to the mortgage bond holders, regardless of the payment behavior of the residential mortgage borrower. Accordingly, in the ordinary course of business, none of our residential mortgage loans serves as a guarantee or collateral for our mortgage bonds.

For those loans that finance a higher portion of the property appraised value, we demand that customers comply with stricter requirements, which are verified during the credit assessment stage. These requirements are related to: (i) the history of the relationship between the Bank and the customer (new or current client), (ii) credit risk scores, (iii) monthly income, (iv) type of job (employed or self-employed), and (v) years employed. In order to illustrate the above mentioned, the table below sets forth an example of requirements for residential mortgage loans that finance up to 90% and more than 90% of the property value, with a common term and granted to employed as well as self-employed new customers.

 

Credit–granting requirements

(in millions of Ch$, except percentages)

New Clients

   Requirements
(in  millions of Ch$, except percentages)

Loan / Property value

   £ 90%    > 90%

Employed

     

• Years employed

   ³ 1 year    ³ 2 years

• Monthly Income

   ³ Ch$0.4    ³ Ch$0.85

Self-Employed

     

• Years Employed(1)

   ³ 2 years    ³ 3 years

• Monthly Income

   ³ Ch$0.5    ³ Ch$1.2

 

(1) In case of self-employed clients, years employed refers to the minimum period of time in which the customer has been filing annual tax declarations with the Chilean Internal Revenue Service.

During 2012, 46.8% of the residential mortgage loans granted to our customers financed between 90% and 100% of the property value. Similarly, during 2012, loans financing between 75% and 90% of the property appraised value represented 27.3% of these loans, loans financing between 50% and 75% of the property value represented 17.3% of these loans, and loans financing less than 50% of the property value represented 8.6% of these loans.

 

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An additional feature of our mortgage loans is that mortgaged property typically secures all of the mortgagor’s credit with us, including installment loans and due balances associated with credit cards and credit lines. Our total amount of loans secured by real estate guarantees, their loan-to-value (LTV) ratio and their relative share in our total loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2012, are depicted in the table below:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Outstanding
Balance
     LTV(2)(3)     % of Bank’s
Total Loans
 
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Secured Loans(1)

       

Residential Mortgage Loans

   Ch$ 4,198,667         63.6     22.4

Other than mortgage loans

     491,422         20.5        2.6   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Secured Loans

   Ch$ 4,690,089         71.1     25.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Correspond to Bank’s total secured loans and not only those associated with the Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking).
(2) Unless otherwise indicated, LTV ratio is computed as the amount of secured loans divided by the value of their associated collateral.
(3) For other-than-mortgage loans, the LTV ratio is computed as the amount of the excess guarantee (after deductions) of the balance of the associated residential mortgage loans, as those guarantees are initially established in order to secure the residential mortgage loan.

The LTV ratios provided above are based on estimated property values that we update monthly with the collateral valuation models managed by our Corporate Risk Division. These models determine a rate of depreciation that provides an updated collateral value, based on variables such as geographic location, last appraisal date, type of property and type of customer. Accordingly, the LTV ratios set forth above take into account the most recent available data regarding collateral values.

In addition, the following table sets forth the composition of the other-than-mortgage loans secured by real estate guarantees:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:   

(in millions of Ch$,

except percentages)

 

Secured Other-than-Mortgage Loans(1)

     

Consumer Loans

   Ch$ 327,953         66.7

Credit Lines

     47,366         9.7   

Credit Cards

     116,103         23.6   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Secured Other-than-Mortgage Loans

   Ch$ 491,422         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Correspond to Bank’s total secured Other-than-Mortgage Loans and not only those associated with the Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking).

Unlike in other countries, in addition to the specific legal rights afforded by the mortgage loan (including foreclosure rights), the Bank may collect the pending balance of the mortgage loan over other assets of the mortgage debtor based on certain legal liens provided by law (derecho de prenda general). Regarding the foreclosure processes, as permitted by Chilean regulations we may write-off secured loans (such as residential mortgage loans) the earlier of 48 months from the date the loans become overdue and once we have made all efforts for recovering the past due loan without success. This applies to residential mortgage loans financed with mortgage finance bonds as well as for Mutuos Hipotecarios. Our foreclosure processes comply with the procedures specified by Chilean regulation. However, as we strive to continuously improve our collection processes, we have achieved average terms of 30 months for foreclosures associated with residential mortgage loans.

As for our historical loss rates, we periodically review our collateral pricing models by adjusting the parameters that support them, such as appreciation and depreciation rates, as well as updated recovery and loss rates, based on historical and empirical data. Thus, we normally revise our collateral pricing models by incorporating updated information from re-appraised assets or foreclosure processes that have been completed by the Bank in the past.

In addition, the valuation of guarantees is based on a prudent approach, which aims to anticipate and cover unexpected reductions in their market price as a result of changes in market variables, such as an unforeseen slowdown in the global or local economy, lack of liquidity of real estate assets or decrease in real salaries. Accordingly, our collateral pricing models depreciate the value of the guarantee regarding the market value determined by an independent appraiser. This approach has allowed us to minimize the loss rates, as the value obtained from auctions (if foreclosure applies) generally exceeds the value assigned to the asset as guarantee.

Credit Cards

As of December 31, 2012, we issued both individual and corporate Visa, MasterCard and Diners credit cards. In addition to traditional credit cards, our portfolio also includes co-branded cards (e.g., “Travel Club,” “Global Pass,” and “Advantage,” among others), and 61 affinity card groups, most of which were associated with our co-branded programs.

 

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Two of our affiliates, Transbank S.A. and Nexus S.A., provide us with merchant acquisition and credit card processing services. As of December 31, 2012, Transbank S.A. had twelve shareholders and Nexus S.A. had seven shareholders, all of which were banks. As of the same date, our equity ownership in Transbank S.A. was 26.2 and our equity ownership in Nexus S.A. was 25.8%

As of December 31, 2012, the division had 1,037,467 valid credit card accounts, with 1,203,226 credit cards issued to individuals and small and medium-sized companies. Total charges on our credit cards during 2012 amounted to Ch$2,121,674 million, with Ch$1,768,992 million corresponding to purchases and service payments in Chile and abroad and Ch$352,682 million corresponding to cash advances both within Chile and abroad. These amounts of purchases and withdrawals (which do not include charges associated with credit cards issued by CrediChile) accounted for 26.5% of the total charge volume of banks’ credit cards issued in Chile in 2012, according to statistics provided by Transbank S.A.

As of December 31, 2012, our credit card loans to individuals and small and medium-sized companies amounted to Ch$600,153 million and represented 21.3% of our retail market business segment’s consumer loans.

We believe that the Chilean market for credit cards has a high growth potential, especially among lower- and middle-income customer segments, as the average merchant fees should continue to decline due to increasing competition from other banks that operate in Chile, as well as large department stores and other non-banking competitors that are involved in the issuance of credit cards. As a result, in 2010 we created a new Credit and Debit Card Area, which is responsible for developing commercial strategies to reinforce this payment channel by supporting the activities carried out by our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking). Based on this strategy, the mentioned business unit issued roughly 178,748 new credit cards in 2012 and consolidated the strategic alliance settled in 2011 with a mobile phone provider that resulted in the new “Banco de Chile | Entel” credit card.

Commercial Credits

Commercial loans granted by our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) mainly consist of project financing and working capital loans granted to small and medium-sized companies, which are denominated in Chilean pesos, UF and U.S. dollars and may bear fixed or variable rates of interest and generally mature between one and three months. As of December 31, 2012, our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) had outstanding commercial loans of Ch$2,070,091 million, representing 21.9% of the retail market business segment’s total loans and 11.0% of our total loans as of the same date.

Leasing Contracts

Leasing contracts are financing leases for capital equipment and property. Leasing contracts may bear fixed or variable interest rates and they generally have terms that range from one to five years for equipment and from five to twenty years for properties. Most of these contracts are denominated in UF. As of December 31, 2012, our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) had outstanding leasing contracts of Ch$249,916 million, representing 2.6% of the retail market business segment’s total loans and 1.3% of our total loans as of the same date.

Non-Residential Mortgage Loans

Non-residential mortgage loans granted to individuals and small- and medium-sized companies are loans intended to finance the acquisition of offices, land, facilities and other real estate assets. Non-residential mortgage loans are denominated in UF and generally have maturities between eight and twelve years. As of December 31, 2012, our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking) had non-residential mortgage loans of approximately Ch$60,125 million, representing 0.6% of the retail market business segment’s total loans and 0.3% of our total loans as of the same date.

 

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Debit Cards

We offer different types of debit cards to our customers. Depending on their specifications, these cards can be used for banking transactions at ATMs that operate on the local network, such as Redbanc, the Visa International PLUS network, the local network of merchants participating in the local Redcompra debit program or the international network of merchants associated with the Electron program. We have given different names to these debit cards depending on the card’s specific functions and the link between the brand and target market which they serve. During 2012, we offered the following cards: Chilecard Electron, Chilecard Plus, Chilecard Normal, Banjoven, Multiedwards and Citicard. As of December 31, 2012, according to monthly statistics provided by Transbank S.A., the division had a 18.2% market share of debit card purchase transactions (not including debit cards issued by Banco CrediChile, as those are reported under our Consumer Finance Division), which corresponds to approximately 58.5 million transactions throughout the year.

Lines of Credit

The Commercial Division had approximately 571,479 approved lines of credit to individual customers and small and medium-sized companies as of December 31, 2012, and outstanding advances to 362,306 individual customers and small and medium-sized companies that totaled Ch$243,505 million, or 2.6% of the retail market business segment’s total loans and 0.3% of our total loans.

Our lines of credit for individual customers are generally available on a revolving basis, up to an approved credit limit, and may be used for any purpose. Advances under lines of credit are denominated in Chilean pesos and bear an interest rate that is set monthly.

Deposit Products

We strategically offer deposit products to increase our deposit-taking activities as a means of diversifying our sources of funding. We believe that the deposits of our individual customers provide us with a relatively low-cost, stable source of funding, as well as an opportunity to cross-market our other products and services. In this regard, we offer current accounts, time deposits and savings accounts to our individual customers. Current accounts are Chilean peso-denominated and the majority bear no interest (approximately 0.1% of our total current accounts are interest-bearing), and savings accounts are denominated in UF and bear a fixed-interest rate. Time deposits may be denominated in Chilean pesos, UF and U.S. dollars and most bear interest at a fixed rate with terms that range between thirty to 360 days.

While historically demand has been mainly for UF-denominated deposits during periods of high inflation, demand for Chilean peso-denominated deposits has increased in recent years as a consequence of lower and more stable inflation rates in Chile. This trend was also observed during the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, when we benefited from a flight-to-quality effect. Due to the high volatility observed in the financial markets and low interest rates (in line with monetary stimulus prompted by central banks worldwide) customers and non-customers increasingly deposited their funds in our current accounts, particularly those denominated in Chilean pesos, as inflation was negative.

Consumer Finance Division (Banco CrediChile)

The Consumer Finance Division provides loans and other financial services to low and middle-income segments (individuals whose monthly incomes range from Ch$170,000 to Ch$500,000), which historically have only been partially served by financial institutions. Also, our Consumer Finance Division serves micro-businesses. Banco CrediChile represents an alternative delivery channel for our products and services to these segments, maintaining a separate brand supported by a network of 156 Banco CrediChile branches as of December 31, 2012. Banco CrediChile was established in 2004 from what was formerly our consumer banking division. During 2008, Banco CrediChile was merged with the consumer division of Citibank Chile (Corporación Financiera Atlas S.A.) as a consequence of our merger with Citibank Chile.

Banco CrediChile offers its customers a variety of banking products, such as consumer loans, credit cards, residential mortgage loans and a special demand deposit account (see “—CrediChile Sight Accounts”) targeted at low-income customers. As of December 31, 2012, Banco CrediChile had 880,759 customers and total loans outstanding that amounted to Ch$771,590 million, representing 4.1% of our total loans outstanding as of the same date.

 

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The following table sets forth the composition of Banco CrediChile’s loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2012:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:   

(in millions of Ch$, except

percentages)

 

Consumer loans

     

Installment loans

   Ch$ 620,414         80.4

Credit cards

     78,094         10.1   

Lines of credit

     225         0.0   

Total consumer loans

     698,733         90.6   

Residential mortgage loans

     62,082         8.0   

Commercial loans

     10,775         1.4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 771,590         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Our Consumer Finance Division focuses on developing and marketing innovative and customized products targeted to satisfy the needs of its customers while introducing them to the banking system. Banco CrediChile complements the services offered by our other business segments, especially our wholesale market segment, by offering services to employers, such as direct deposit capabilities, that stimulate the use of our services by employees.

In order to improve its value offering, during 2012 CrediChile launched two new services, namely, ‘Caja Chile’ and ‘Microenterprises Banking’. Whereas the former consists of a limited range of basic financial services (such as deposits, withdrawals and bill payments) offered to customers and non-customers (not completely penetrated by the banking industry) through remote IT platforms located in small convenience stores within socially and/or geographically isolated areas of Chile, the latter is a specialized portfolio of financial services designed for Microenterprises (generally personal businesses) that includes financial advisory, lending and non-lending products and general financial solutions for a segment that has been traditionally uncovered by the banking services. As of December 31, 2012 Banco CrediChile had implemented the ‘Caja Chile’ solution in more than 1,000 convenience stores, within 220 zones. As of the same date, 7,500 microenterprises customers had been added to the division’s customer base, based on 40 implemented platforms throughout the Banco CrediChile branch network.

The Superintendency of Banks requires higher allowances for loan losses for those banks with low credit classifications. This is the case for Banco CrediChile, which employs a specific credit scoring system, developed by our corporate risk division, as well as other criteria to evaluate and monitor credit risk. Thus, in order to ensure the quality of its loan portfolio, Banco CrediChile adheres to our general loan origination procedures, particularly with regard to the use of our credit scoring system and credit management policies, including the use of credit bureaus and the services of the Superintendency of Banks. In addition, Banco CrediChile carries out rigorous procedures for collection of past-due loans through Socofin S.A., our specialized collection subsidiary. We believe that we have suitable procedures and infrastructure in place to manage the risk exposure of Banco CrediChile. These procedures allow us to take advantage of the attractive growth and earnings potential of this market segment while helping to manage exposure to higher risk. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Operations and the Chilean Banking Industry—The growth of our loan portfolio may expose us to increased loan losses” and “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Operations and the Chilean Banking Industry—Our loan portfolio may not continue to grow at the same or similar rate.”

Consumer Lending

Banco CrediChile provides short to medium-term consumer loans and credit card services. As of December 31, 2012, Banco CrediChile had approximately 353,357 consumer loan debtors related to credits with outstanding balances of Ch$620,414 million. As of the same date, Banco CrediChile customers had 313,357 valid credit card accounts, with total outstanding balances of Ch$78,094 million.

 

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CrediChile Sight Accounts

Banco CrediChile offers its customers CrediChile Sight Accounts, a basic deposit product that is flexible and easy to use. This product allows us to tap into a section of the consumer market that previously was not participating in the banking system. The CrediChile Sight Account is a non-interest bearing demand deposit account without checking privileges targeted at customers who want a secure and comfortable means of managing and accessing their money. Customers may use an ATM card linked to their Sight Account (which may include a revolving line of credit) to make deposits or automatic payments to other Banco CrediChile accounts through a network of 6,765 ATMs available through the Redbanc network as of December 31, 2012.

As of December 31, 2012, Banco CrediChile had approximately 883,718 Sight Accounts. Holders of these sight accounts pay an annual fee, a fee related to the number of withdrawals on the sight account line of credit and interest on any outstanding balance under the line of credit. All fees and interest due on a CrediChile Sight Account are withdrawn automatically on a monthly basis from funds available in the account. CrediChile Sight Account allows us to offer our wholesale customers the ability to pay their employees by direct deposit of funds into the individual employee’s account at Banco CrediChile. We believe this product can lead to stronger long-term relationships with our wholesale customers and their employees.

Wholesale Market

Our wholesale market business segment serves the needs of corporate customers. In 2012, this business segment recorded annual operating revenues of approximately Ch$ 321,004 million, which represented 23.7% of our total operating revenues, and annual income before income tax of Ch$196,660 million, which represented 37.8% of our consolidated income before income tax. As of December 31, 2012, loans granted by this business segment amounted to Ch$8,812,726 million and represented 47.0% of our total loan portfolio.

The following table sets forth the composition of our portfolio of loans to the wholesale market in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2012:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except
percentages)
 

Commercial credits

   Ch$ 6,447,029         73.2

Foreign trade loans

     1,210,979         13.7   

Leasing loans

     863,243         9.8   

Factoring loans

     125,866         1.4   

Other loans

     165,609         1.9   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 8,812,726         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, we had 9,972 debtors out of a total of 22,678 wholesale customers. Our wholesale customers are engaged in a wide range of economic sectors. As of December 31, 2012, this business segment’s loans were mainly related to:

 

 

commerce and trade (approximately 20.8% of all loans made by this business segment);

 

 

financial services (approximately 18.5% of all loans made by this business segment);

 

 

communication and transportation (approximately 12.9% of all loans made by this business segment);

 

 

construction (approximately 11.3% of all loans made by this business segment);

 

 

manufacturing (approximately 11.1% of all loans made by this business segment);

 

 

community, social and personal services (approximately 8.6% of all loans made by this business segment);

 

 

agriculture, forestry and fishing (approximately 7.1% of all loans made by this business segment); and

 

 

mining (approximately 3.5% of all loans made by this business segment).

 

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In line with our strategy of identifying and differentiating market segments in order to provide improved value propositions for a diversified customer base, we have defined two divisions within the wholesale market segment based on annual sales: (i) the Corporate Division and (ii) the Large Companies and Real Estate Division.

Corporate Division

The Corporate Division provides services to corporations whose annual sales exceed approximately Ch$70,000 million. This division’s customers consist of a large proportion of Chile’s publicly-traded companies, subsidiaries of multinational companies and conglomerates (including those operating in the financial, commercial, manufacturing, industrial and infrastructure sectors), and projects and concessions.

As of December 31, 2012, we had 782 corporations as debtors out of a total of 4,760 customers in our Corporate Division with total outstanding loans of Ch$3,923,429 million, which represented 20.9% of our total loan book as of the same date.

The following table sets forth the composition of our Corporate Division’s loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2012:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except
percentages)
 

Commercial credits

   Ch$ 3,211,581         81.9

Foreign trade loans

     478,944         12.2   

Leasing loans

     76,121         1.9   

Factoring loans

     62,073         1.6   

Other loans

     94,710         2.4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 3,923,429         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

We offer a wide range of products to large corporations that include short- and long-term financing, working capital loans, mortgage loans, leasing, long-term syndicated loans and factoring, as well as investment banking services offered by our subsidiary Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A., which include the underwriting of public and private securities offerings. We also offer payment services (payrolls, suppliers, pensions, dividends, etc.), collection services and connections to international funds transfer networks, as well as traditional deposit products, in particular current accounts.

As of December 31, 2012, we were party to approximately 1,067 payment service contracts and approximately 206 collection service agreements with corporations. We believe that cash management and payment service contracts provide us with a source of low-cost deposits and the opportunity to cross-sell our products and fees to payees, many of whom maintain accounts with us. Under our collection contracts, we act as a collection agent for our corporate customers, providing centralized collection services for their accounts receivable and other similar payments.

In order to provide highly competitive and differentiated services, our Corporate Division has the direct support of our Treasury and Money Market Operations segment, which directly fulfills our corporate customers’ liquidity, short-term loans and hedging needs. We have also improved our technology to facilitate connections with customers and enhance their self-service practices. Similarly, we offer derivative products, which we believe have become increasingly important, especially those associated with Chilean peso-U.S. dollar and UF-U.S. dollar forward contracts and interest rate swaps.

In recent years, the market for loans to corporations in Chile has been characterized by reduced margins, partly due to more direct access of such customers to domestic and international capital and debt markets. Consequently, we have focused on increasing the profitability in this segment through enhancing our cross-sell fee generating services, such as payroll processing, dividend payments and billing services, as well as computer banking services. This strategy has enabled us to maintain profitable relationships with our corporate customers while preserving the ability to extend credit when appropriate business opportunities arise.

During 2012, the division continued to enrich its value propositions for satisfying customers’ needs. Thus, the Corporate Division focused on assisting some of its customers with financial advisory for international debt

 

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issuances. Worth mentioning are the synergies that arise from the Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup when assisting our corporate customers with off-shore transactions. Similarly, based on collaboration between the Division and our Securitization subsidiary, a corporate customer (specifically a Road Concession Company) placed a securitized bond of approximately UF1.3 million in the local market.

Large Companies and Real Estate Division

Our Large Companies and Real Estate Division provides a broad range of financial products and services (such as electronic banking, leasing, foreign trade and financial consultancy) to companies with annual sales that range from approximately Ch$1,600 million to approximately Ch$70,000 million. Customers served by this division are those related to the commercial, manufacturing, agricultural, forestry, fishing, infrastructure and real estate sectors.

As of December 31, 2012, we had 9,190 large companies and real estate debtors out of a total of 17,918 customers in this Division. Loans granted by the Large Companies and Real Estate Division amounted to Ch$4,889,297 million as of the same date, which represented 26.1% of our total loans.

The following table sets forth the composition of the Large Companies and Real Estate Division’s loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2012:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:   

(in millions of Ch$,

except percentages)

 

Commercial credits

   Ch$ 3,235,448         66.2

Leasing loans

     787,122         16.1   

Foreign trade loans

     732,035         15.0   

Factoring loans

     63,793         1.3   

Other loans

     70,899         1.4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 4,889,297         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The products and services offered by this division are mainly related to commercial loans, lines of credit, foreign trade and foreign currency transactions, factoring services, leasing, mortgage loans, syndicated loans, mergers and acquisitions, debt restructuring assistance, payments and collections services, current accounts and related services, corporate credit cards, cash and investment management, forward contracts to hedge against currency fluctuations and insurance brokerage.

This division’s aim is to deliver exceptional service to its customers based on proactive financial support that enhances long-term relationships with customers. Over time, the division has developed service models intended to take advantage of synergies arising from the interaction of account and specialized support executives responsible for ensuring comprehensive customer service. These models have enabled the division to strengthen customer relationships and product offerings.

In 2012 the division continued strengthening its presence in commercial credits, with a 14.8% annual increase in related balances, while promoting alternative funding sources for its customers, such as leasing contracts that recorded a 13.5% annual rise in outstanding loans. In addition, we continued to widen the service offering by strengthening our leasing and factoring products.

Our leasing segment is part of the Large Companies and Real Estate Division. Similarly, our factoring subsidiary, Banchile Factoring S.A., mainly provides its services through the Large Companies and Real Estate Division.

Treasury and Money Markets Operations

Our Treasury and Money Market Operations business segment provides a wide range of financial services to our customers, including currency intermediation, forward contracts, interest rate swaps, transactions under repurchase agreements and investment products based on bonds, mortgage finance bonds and deposits.

In addition, our Treasury and Money Market Operations business segment is focused on managing our currency, interest rate and maturity gaps, ensuring adequate liquidity levels, managing our investment portfolio and

 

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performing the intermediation of fixed-income instruments, currencies and derivatives. Interest rate gap management is aimed at generating an adequate funding structure, prioritizing our capitalization and asset and liability cost structure and funding source diversification.

The Treasury and Money Market Operations business segment is also responsible for (i) the issuance of short- and long-term senior bonds, as well as long-term subordinated bonds, (ii) monitoring compliance with regulatory deposit limits, technical reserves and maturity and rate matches, (iii) monitoring our adherence to the security margins defined by regulatory limits, and risk limits for interest rate, currency and investment gaps. This segment continually monitors the Bank’s funding costs by benchmarking with the rest of the local financial system.

During 2012, our Treasury and Money Market Operations business segment continued to develop a funding diversification strategy by conducting important transactions. For example, during 2012 the Bank carried out international bond issuances in Peru (U.S.$29 million) and Hong Kong (U.S.$164 million) and established a commercial paper program in the U.S. market of U.S.$1,000 million. The latter is a rollover short-term funding source that we used during 2012. As of December 31, 2012 the balance for this liability amounted to Ch$197,340 million (approximately U.S.$412 million).

The funding functions carried out by our Treasury division are complemented by our international area, namely International Financial Institutions (“IFI”), which manages relations with correspondent banks worldwide, facilitating international payments and obtaining foreign currency financing for us. As of December 31, 2012, we have established a network of approximately 600 foreign banks, among which we maintained credit relationships with approximately 180 correspondent banks, from which we maintained 37 account relationships. IFI played an important role in structuring international transactions aimed at diversifying our funding.

Regarding the management of our securities portfolio, as of December 31, 2012 it amounted to Ch$1,431,998 million and was composed of available-for-sale securities that totaled Ch$1,272,316 million and securities held for trading that amounted to Ch$159,682 million. As for the type of instruments included in our securities portfolio, as of December 31, 2012, 59.3% consisted of securities issued by local financial institutions, 22.6% consisted of securities issued by the Central Bank and the Chilean Government, 11.9% consisted of securities issued by Chilean corporate issuers and other securities and 6.2% consisted of securities from foreign issuers. Our investment strategy is designed to supplement our expected profitability, risks and economic variable projections while adhering to the regulatory guidelines and internal limits defined by our finance committee.

Operations through Subsidiaries

We have made several strategic long-term investments in financial services companies that are engaged in activities complementary to our commercial banking activities. In making these investments our goal is to develop a comprehensive financial group capable of meeting the diverse financial needs of our current and potential clients by offering traditional banking products and specialized financial services through our different subsidiaries.

The following table sets forth information with respect to our financial services subsidiaries in accordance with our internal reporting policies as of December 31, 2012:

 

    As of or for the year ended December 31, 2012  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:   Assets      Equity      Net Income  
    (in millions of Ch$)  

Banchile Trade Services Limited (Hong Kong)

  Ch$ 756       Ch$ 741       Ch$ 43   

Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.

    60,743         58,014         13,133   

Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.

    4,595         3,753         2,011   

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda

    11,389         9,566         2,865   

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

    547,182         84,619         10,590   

Banchile Factoring S.A.

    488,525         55,871         9,886   

Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

    516         422         27   

Socofin S.A.

    7,555         702         (243

Promarket S.A.

    2,489         1,266         432   
 

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 1,123,750       Ch$ 214,954       Ch$ 38,744   
 

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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The following table sets forth information with respect to our ownership interest in our financial services subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012:

 

     Ownership Interest  
     Direct (%)      Indirect (%)      Total (%)  

Banchile Trade Services Limited (Hong Kong)

     100.00         —           100.00   

Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.

     99.98         0.02         100.00   

Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.

     99.96         —           99.96   

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

     99.83         0.17         100.00   

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

     99.70         0.30         100.00   

Banchile Factoring S.A.

     99.75         0.25         100.00   

Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

     99.00         1.00         100.00   

Socofin S.A.

     99.00         1.00         100.00   

Promarket S.A.

     99.00         1.00         100.00   

Each of these subsidiaries is incorporated in Chile, except for Banchile Trade Services Limited, which is incorporated in Hong Kong.

Securities Brokerage Services

We provide securities brokerage services through Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. is registered as a securities broker with the Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros de Chile (the “Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance”), the regulator of Chilean publicly listed companies, and is a member of the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. Since it was founded in 1989, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. has provided stock brokerage services, fixed-income investments and foreign exchange products to individuals and companies through our branch network. During the year ended December 31, 2012, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. recorded an aggregate stock trading turnover on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange and the Valparaíso Stock Exchange that amounted to approximately Ch$4,927,233 million. As of December 31, 2012, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. had equity of Ch$84,619 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2012, recorded net income of Ch$10,590 million, which represented 2.3% of our consolidated net income for that period.

In early 2009, Citibank Agencia de Valores S.A. merged with and into Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

Mutual and Investment Fund Management

Since 1980, we have provided mutual fund management services through Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. (formerly Banchile Administradora de Fondos Mutuos S.A.). As of December 31, 2012, according to data prepared by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. was the largest mutual fund manager in Chile, managing approximately 23.2% of all Chilean mutual funds assets. As of December 31, 2012, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. operated 81 mutual funds and had Ch$4,230,281 million in assets under management owned by approximately 345,889 corporate and individual investors. Also, as of December 31, 2012, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. operated eight investment funds: Chile Small Cap, Banchile Inmobiliario IV, Banchile Inmobiliario V, Banchile Inmobiliario VI, Latam Small Mid-Cap, Plusvalia Eficiente, Rentas Inmobiliarias I and Chile Blend, managing Ch$203,813 million in net assets on behalf of 198 participants.

 

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The following table sets forth information regarding the various mutual funds managed by Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. as of December 31, 2012:

 

Name of Fund

  

Type of Fund

   Net Asset Value
As  of December 31, 2012
 
          (in millions of Ch$)  

2nd Best Chile Eeuu

   Fixed income (medium/long term)    Ch$ 2,236   

Ahorro

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      60,264   

Ahorro Estable Ii

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      10,758   

Ahorro Estable Iii

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      4,882   

Ahorro Plus I

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      782   

Alianza

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      76,028   

Andes Acciones

   Debt/Equity      1,193   

Asia Fund

   Debt/Equity      3,912   

Asiatico Accionario

   Equity      14,353   

Balance I

   Debt/Equity      16,689   

Banca Americana Vt

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      12,012   

Banchile-Acciones

   Equity      62,028   

Bonos Soberanos

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      9,080   

Booster Australia

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      1,907   

Booster Balanced

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      1,325   

Booster Chile

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      5,790   

Booster Smal Cap Usa

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      2,102   

Bric Accionario

   Debt/Equity      835   

Capital Efectivo

   Fixed income (short term)      87,829   

Capital Financiero

   Fixed income (short term)      93,475   

Capitalisa-Acc.

   Equity      5,509   

Cash

   Fixed income (short term)      358,279   

Ch Bursatil Garant

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      2,681   

Chile 18 Q

   Equity      9,914   

Chile Accionario

   Equity      29,097   

Cobertura

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      1,178   

Corporate Dollar

   Fixed income (short term)      333,664   

Corporativo

   Fixed income (short term)      274,967   

Crecimiento

   Fixed income (short/medium term)      86,296   

Decisión Estratégica

   Debt/Equity      1,243   

Depósito Plus G

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      14,682   

Deposito Xxi

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      92,487   

Deuda Dolar

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      8,633   

Deuda Estatal

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      48,737   

Deuda Nacional

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      11,488   

Disponible

   Fixed income (short term)      46,608   

Dollar Investment G.

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      25,476   

Emerging Fund

   Debt/Equity      20,728   

Emerging Market

   Debt/Equity      17,873   

Estrategia Commoditi

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      6,274   

Estrategico

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      288,689   

Euro Money Market

   Fixed income (short term)      19,652   

Europa Accionario

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      2,112   

Europa Desarrollada

   Debt/Equity      1,683   

Flexible

   Fixed income (short term)      56,040   

Global Dollar

   Debt/Equity      1,672   

Global Mid Cap

   Debt/Equity      3,280   

Horizonte

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      122,883   

Inversion

   Debt/Equity      19,354   

Inversion Brasil

   Debt/Equity      7,705   

Inversión Chile 30

   Debt/Equity      930   

Inversion China

   Debt/Equity      7,774   

Inversion Dolar 30

   Debt/Equity      1,516   

Inversion Usa

   Debt/Equity      8,061   

Inversionista I

   Equity      16,139   

Latam Mid Cap

   Debt/Equity      5,616   

Latin America Fund

   Debt/Equity      33,225   

Latina Accionario

   Debt/Equity      11,643   

Liquidez 2000

   Fixed income (short term)      475,907   

Liquidez Full

   Fixed income (short term)      451,386   

Mid Cap

   Equity      47,695   

Muralla China Garant

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      17,821   

Oportunidades Sector

   Debt/Equity      5,278   

Patrimonial

   Fixed income (short term)      291,388   

Performance

   Fixed income (short/medium term)      9,623   

Plus Ii Garant

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      12,542   

Renta Futura

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      258,566   

 

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Name of Fund

  

Type of Fund

   Net Asset Value
As  of December 31, 2012
 
          (in millions of Ch$)  

Retorno Dolar

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      31,913   

Retorno L.P. Uf

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      35,749   

Twin Win Europa 103

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      3,464   

Twin Win Usa

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      2,098   

U.S. Dollar Fund

   Debt/Equity      6,347   

Us Mid Cap

   Debt/Equity      19,653   

Utilidades

   Fixed income (short/medium term)      51,160   

Viejo Continente Acc

   Debt/Equity      796   

Vision Dinamica A

   Debt/Equity      9,422   

Vision Dinamica Acc.

   Debt/Equity      4,130   

Vision Dinamica B

   Debt/Equity      4,355   

Vision Dinamica C

   Debt/Equity      7,839   

Vision Dinamica D

   Debt/Equity      2,485   

Vision Dinamica E

   Debt/Equity      9,396   
     

 

 

 

Total

      Ch$ 4,230,281   
     

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. recorded equity of Ch$58,014 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2012, net income of Ch$13,133 million, which represented 2.8% of our 2012 consolidated net income.

Factoring Services

We provide factoring services to our customers through Banchile Factoring S.A. Through this service, we purchase our customers’ outstanding debt portfolios, such as bills, notes, promissory notes or contracts, advancing cash and collecting on the related instruments. For the year ended December 31, 2012, Banchile Factoring S.A. had net income of Ch$9,887 million, which represented 2.1% of our 2012 consolidated net income. As of December 31, 2012, this subsidiary had equity of Ch$55,871 million and a 20.7% market share in Chile’s factoring industry, according to information provided by the Chilean Factoring Association.

Financial Advisory Services

We provide financial advisory and other investment banking services to our customers through Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. The services offered by Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. are primarily targeted to our corporate customers and include advisory services concerning mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, project finance and strategic alliances. As of December 31, 2012, Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. had equity of Ch$3,753 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2012, net income of Ch$2,011 million, which represented 0.4% of our 2012 consolidated net income.

Insurance Brokerage

We provide insurance brokerage services to our customers through Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada. In 2000, we began to offer life insurance policies associated with consumer loans and non-credit related insurance to our individual customers and the general public. As of December 31, 2012, Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada had equity of Ch$9,566 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2012 net income of Ch$2,865 million, which represented 0.6% of our 2012 consolidated net income. According to the Chilean Insurance Companies Association, during 2011 (the latest year for which information is available), Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada had a 5.0% market share in the total amount of life and casualty insurance policies (in Chilean pesos) sold by insurance brokerage companies in Chile, excluding life annuities.

Securitization Services

We offer investment products to meet the needs of institutional investors, such as private pension funds and insurance companies, through Banchile Securitizadora S.A. This subsidiary securitizes financial assets, and issues debt instruments with credit ratings that can be traded in the Chilean marketplace, backed by a bundle of revenue-producing assets of the client company. As of December 31, 2012, Banchile Securitizadora S.A. had equity of Ch$422 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2012, it reported net income of Ch$27 million. Also as of December 31, 2012, Banchile Securitizadora S.A. had a 16.5% market share in the total volume of assets securitized in Chile. This market share refers to the percentage of existing stock of securitized assets as of the mentioned date.

 

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Credits pre-evaluation services

Promarket S.A. provides credit pre-evaluation services to the Bank and its subsidiaries, including researching potential customers. As of December 31, 2012, Promarket S.A. had equity of Ch$1,266 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2012, net income of Ch$432 million.

Collection Services

We provide judicial and extra-judicial loan collection services on our behalf and on behalf of third parties through our subsidiary Socofin S.A. As of December 31, 2012, Socofin S.A. had equity of Ch$702 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2012, net loss of Ch$243 million.

Trade Services

In November 2004, we began offering direct trade services to our customers through Banchile Trade Services Limited, which acts as our trade finance entity in markets such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea. As of December 31, 2012, Banchile Trade Services Limited had equity of Ch$741 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2012, net income of Ch$43 million.

Distribution Channels and Electronic Banking

Our distribution network provides integrated financial services and products to our customers through a wide range of channels. The network includes ATMs, branches, on-line banking and phone-banking devices. As of December 31, 2012, we had 1,915 ATMs (that form part of Redbanc’s 6,765 ATMs system) which allowed our customers to conduct self-service banking transactions during banking and non-banking hours.

As of December 31, 2012, we had a network of 434 retail branches throughout Chile. Our branch system serves as a distribution network for all of the products and services offered to our customers. Our full-service branches accept deposits, cash withdrawals, offer the full range of our retail banking products, such as consumer loans, credit cards, mortgage loans and current accounts, and provide information to current and potential customers.

We offer electronic banking services to our customers 24 hours a day through our internet website, www.bancochile.cl, which has tailored homepages for the different markets we serve. Our corporate homepage offers a broad range of services, including the payment of bills, electronic fund transfers, non-charge orders, as well as a wide variety of account inquiries. These services include our office banking service, Banconexion Web, which enables our corporate customers to perform all of their banking transactions from their offices. Our homepage also offers products with exclusive benefits provided by our customer loyalty marketing programs, which enhance our relationships with customers. We also have a homepage designed for our investor customers, through which they can trade stocks, take deposits and open savings accounts. Our foreign trade customers can rely on our international business homepage, www.bancochile.com, which enables them to inquire about the status of their foreign trade transactions and perform transactions, such as opening letters of credit, recording import collection and hedging on instructions and letters of credit. On an average monthly basis, during 2012 approximately 574,000 individual and corporate customers performed nearly 24.6 million transactions per month on our website, of which approximately 5.5 million were monetary transactions.

In addition, we provide our customers with access to a 24-hour phone-banking call center through which they can access account information, transfer funds and make certain payments. This service, through which we receive approximately 535,000 calls per month on average, has enabled us to develop customer loyalty campaigns, sell financial products and services, answer specialized inquiries about our remote services and receive and resolve complaints by customers and non-customers.

Involvement with the Transantiago Plan

Since June 2005, we have been a shareholder in Administrador Financiero del Transantiago (“AFT”), the company responsible for the financial management of the overhaul of Santiago’s public transit system (the

 

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“Transantiago Plan”). Other majority shareholders of the company include three other major Chilean banks, a financial services company and a technology services company. We own 20% of AFT’s capital stock, which represented an original capitalization of approximately U.S.$13.4 million as of June 8, 2005.

The Transantiago Plan has faced operational deficits that are being funded by means of permanent and temporary fiscal subsidies in accordance with the provisions of Law 20,378, enacted in September 2009.

In 2007, as shareholders of AFT, we made extraordinary contributions for a total amount of U.S.$4.1 million with the purpose of financing AFT’s expenses, which were capitalized as of December 31, 2007. Between January and April 2008, we made additional funds available to AFT in the amount of U.S.$358,000 to pay AFT’s expenses arising from the Transantiago Plan. We have made no additional funds available after April 2008. However, if we are required to incur additional payments, we do not expect that any such payments will materially affect our business.

On December 2012, AFT and the Chilean Ministry of Transports and Telecommunications entered into a new agreement that limits the services to be provided by AFT to the financial management of the Transantiago System’s resources. This new agreement significantly reduces the AFT’s incomes and operational expenses, while materially reducing the AFT’s risk. The new agreement is subject to approval by the General Comptroller of Chile (Contraloría General de la República de Chile), which is currently pending.

Competition

Overview

The Chilean market for banking and other financial services is highly and increasingly competitive and consists of a number of different market sectors. The most important sector is commercial banking that—as of December 31, 2012—consisted of 23 privately-owned banks and one government-owned bank, Banco del Estado. As of December 31, 2012, the four largest Chilean banks accounted for 65.3% of all outstanding loans granted by Chilean financial institutions (excluding subsidiaries abroad): Banco Santander—Chile (19.1%), Banco de Chile (19.0%), Banco del Estado (14.1%) and Banco de Crédito e Inversiones (13.2%).

We face significant and increasing competition in all market segments in which we operate. As a commercial bank that offers a range of services to all types of businesses and individual customers, we face a variety of competitors, ranging from other large, privately-owned commercial banks to more specialized entities, such as “niche” banks. We also increasingly face competition, from non-banking companies like large department stores, private compensation funds, and saving and credit cooperatives with respect to some of our credit products, such as credit cards and consumer loans. In addition, we face competition from other types of competitors, such as leasing, factoring and automobile financing companies (especially in credit products), as well as mutual funds, pension funds and insurance companies, within the market for savings products and mortgage loans. Currently, banks continue to be the main suppliers of leasing, factoring and mutual funds, and the insurance sales business is experiencing fast growth, but we cannot assure you that this trend will continue in the future

Within the banking industry, our primary competitors are the principal commercial banks in Chile, namely, Banco Santander—Chile, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Chile (BBVA), and Corpbanca. Nevertheless, we also face competition from Banco del Estado, a government-owned bank, which has a larger customer base than we do. Banco del Estado, which operates under the same regulatory regime as Chilean privately-owned banks, was the third largest bank in Chile as of December 31, 2012, with outstanding total loans of Ch$13,894,809 million, representing a 14.1% market share, according to data published by the Superintendency of Banks.

In the wholesale market, we believe our strongest competitors are also Banco Santander—Chile, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, Corpbanca and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Chile (BBVA). Similarly, we believe these banks are our most significant competitors in the small and medium-sized companies’ business segment.

 

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In the retail market, we compete with other privately-owned Chilean banks, as well as with Banco del Estado, which has a large customer base of individuals. Among privately-owned banks, we believe our strongest competitors in this market are Banco Santander—Chile and Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, as these banks have developed diversified business strategies focused on both small and medium-sized companies and lower to middle income segments of the Chilean population. In addition, we believe our strongest competitors in the high-income individual segment are Banco Santander—Chile and Banco Itaú Chile, as these banks rely on specialized business units that provide wealth management and traditional banking services, as we do as well. We also compete with companies that offer non-banking specialized financial services in the high-income individuals segment such as Larrain Vial and Celfin Capital (owned by BTG Pactual, a financial services company headquartered in Brazil), whose core businesses are stock brokerage, financial advisory and wealth management services.

The Chilean banking industry has experienced increased levels of competition in recent years from domestic as well as foreign banks, which has triggered a consolidation wave within the industry. Consequently, banks’ strategies have been increasingly focused on reducing costs and improving efficiency standards in order to compete effectively with the larger banks. Although we are making our best efforts in order to operate within this competitive environment, we acknowledge that our income may decrease as a result of increasing competition.

We expect these trends of increased competition and consolidation to continue, particularly in connection with the formation of new large financial groups and the creation of new niche banks. Although we believe that we are currently large enough to compete effectively in all of our target markets, any further consolidation in the Chilean financial services industry may adversely affect our competitive position. We are working on developing and enhancing our competitive strengths to ensure our sustainability.

Historically, commercial banks in Chile have competed in the retail market against each other, and finance companies and department stores, with the latter two having traditionally been focused on consumer loans to low and middle-income segments. However, finance companies have gradually disappeared as most of them have been merged into the largest commercial banks.

In recent years, the Chilean financial system has witnessed a new phenomenon: the rise of non-traditional banking competitors, such as large department stores. These players have become increasingly significant in the consumer-lending sector, as they are permitted to issue financial products such as credit cards. Currently, there are three consumer-oriented banks affiliated with Chile’s largest department stores: Banco Falabella, Banco Ripley and Banco Paris. Although these banks had a combined market share (excluding subsidiaries abroad) of only 1.5% as of December 31, 2012, according to the Superintendency of Banks, the presence of these banks is likely to make consumer banking more competitive over the next years.

In addition, during 2012 Corpbanca, fourth-ranked among Chilean privately-owned banks in terms of total loans as of December 31, 2011, acquired a former Santander Group’s subsidiary in Colombia and consolidated its balance sheet and results of operations beginning May 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2012 loans associated with this subsidiary amounted to Ch$1,883,434 million and represented 1.9% of the industry’ total loans.

Below there is a set of tables and figures for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 that shows our position within the Chilean financial industry. The market information is set forth under Chilean GAAP as published by the Superintendency of Banks and—unless otherwise indicated—excludes data related to operations of subsidiaries abroad.

 

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The following table sets forth certain statistical information on the Chilean financial system as of December 31, 2012, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:

 

    As of December 31, 2012  
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  
    Assets     Loans(1)(2)     Deposits(2)     Equity(3)  
    Amount     Share     Amount     Share     Amount     Share     Amount     Share  
CHILEAN GAAP:   (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Private sector banks

  Ch$ 117,372,056        83.5   Ch$ 84,984,942        85.9   Ch$ 68,980,841        81.2   Ch$ 10,110,009        89.8

Banco del Estado

    23,226,824        16.5        13,894,809        14.1        15,937,708        18.8        1,147,666        10.2   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total banking system

  Ch$ 140,598,880        100.0   Ch$ 98,879,751        100.0   Ch$ 84,918,549        100.0   Ch$ 11,257,675        100.0
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: Superintendency of Banks

 

(1) Loans to customers, net of interbank loans.
(2) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.
(3) For purposes of this table, equity includes capital and reserves, net income for the period and provisions for minimum dividends.

Loans

We had total loans of Ch$18,761,765 million as of December 31, 2012, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP. The following table sets forth our market share and the market share of our principal privately-owned competitors in terms of total loans, as of the dates indicated, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Total Loans(1)(2)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
             2010                     2011                     2012          

Banco Santander—Chile

     20.9     19.7     19.1

Banco de Chile

     19.2        19.8        19.0   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     12.7        12.9        13.2   

Banco Corpbanca

     7.3        7.7        8.4   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     7.3        7.0        7.1   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated market share

     67.4     67.1     66.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: Superintendency of Banks

 

(1) Provisions for loan losses not deducted.
(2) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

Credit Quality

The following table sets forth the ratio of allowances to total loans of the largest private banks in Chile and that of the Chilean financial system as a whole (including such banks) as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Allowances to Total  Loans(1)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
             2010                     2011                     2012          

Banco Santander—Chile

     2.82     3.02     2.91

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     2.52        2.44        2.29   

Banco de Chile

     2.48        2.21        2.28   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     1.75        2.02        1.80   

Banco Corpbanca

     1.95        1.54        1.27   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial system

     2.52     2.36     2.27
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: Superintendency of Banks

 

(1) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

 

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The following table sets forth the ratio of total past-due loans to total loans for the largest private banks in Chile as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 on a consolidated basis, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Total Past-Due Loans to Total Loans(1)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
             2010                       2011                        2012          

Banco de Chile

     1.20     1.03     0.97

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     2.18        1.90        1.22   

Banco Corpbanca

     2.04        1.58        1.25   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     2.16        2.16        1.91   

Banco Santander—Chile

     2.66        2.95        3.17   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial system

     2.70     2.35     2.17
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks

 

(1) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

Deposits

We had total deposits (including demand deposits and time deposits) of Ch$15,083,921 million as of December 31, 2012, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP. The following table sets forth the market shares in terms of total deposits for private banks as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 on a consolidated basis, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Total Deposits(1)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
             2010                       2011                        2012          

Banco de Chile

     18.7     18.5     17.8

Banco Santander—Chile

     17.7        17.4        16.6   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     12.8        13.0        12.8   

Banco Corpbanca

     6.6        7.2        8.2   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     6.4        6.5        6.3   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total market share

     62.2     62.6     61.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: Superintendency of Banks

 

(1) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

Capital and Reserves

The following table sets forth the level of capital and reserves for the largest private banks in Chile as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Capital and Reserves(1)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  

Banco Santander—Chile

   Ch$ 1,529,599       Ch$ 1,730,464       Ch$ 1,898,348   

Banco de Chile

     1,268,101         1,569,871         1,841,968   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     883,714         1,039,161         1,230,078   

Banco Corpbanca

     475,839         643,218         936,275   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

   Ch$ 464,814       Ch$ 490,608       Ch$ 592,336   

 

Source: Superintendency of Banks

 

(1) Includes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

 

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Return on Capital and Reserves

The following table sets forth our return on capital and reserves and the returns on capital and reserves of our principal privately owned competitors and the Chilean banking industry as a whole, in each case as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Return on Capital and Reserves(1)(2)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    Year Ended December 31,  
              2010                        2011                        2012            

Banco de Chile

     29.9     27.3     25.3

Banco Santander—Chile

     31.2        25.1        20.4   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     25.1        25.1        22.1   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     10.4        15.2        11.0   

Banco Corpbanca

     25.0        19.1        10.2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial system average

     16.7     15.7     13.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: Superintendency of Banks

 

(1) Corresponds to net income attributable to equity holders divided by the year end balance of Capital and Reserves.
(2) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

Efficiency

The following table sets forth the efficiency ratios of the largest private Chilean banks as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, according to information published by the Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Efficiency Ratio(1)(2)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
              2010                        2011                        2012            

Banco Santander—Chile

     40.1     41.4     42.8

Banco de Chile

     50.3        50.2        47.2   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     50.5        47.2        49.6   

Banco Corpbanca

     42.3        44.6        56.7   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     62.9        55.7        59.5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial system average

     51.5     50.0     51.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: Superintendency of Banks

 

(1) Calculated by dividing operating expense by operating revenue.
(2) Includes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

 

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REGULATION AND SUPERVISION

General

In Chile, only banks may maintain current accounts for their customers, conduct foreign trade operations and, together with non-banking financial institutions, accept time deposits. The principal authorities that regulate financial institutions in Chile are the Superintendency of Banks and the Central Bank. Chilean banks are primarily subject to the General Banking Law and secondarily, to the extent not inconsistent with that law, the provisions of the Chilean Corporations Law governing public corporations, except for certain provisions that are expressly excluded.

The Chilean banking system dates back to 1925 and has been characterized by periods of substantial regulation and government intervention, as well as periods of deregulation. The most recent period of deregulation commenced in 1975 and culminated in the adoption of a series of amendments to the General Banking Law. In 2004, amendments to the General Banking Law granted additional powers to banks, including general underwriting powers for new issuances of certain debt and equity securities and the power to create subsidiaries to engage in activities related to banking, such as brokerage, investment advisory, mutual fund services, investment fund management, factoring, securitization products and financial leasing services. Prior to 2006, banks had the option of distributing less than 30% of their earnings as dividends in any given year, subject to approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the bank’s common stock. In 2006, however, the General Banking Law was amended to eliminate this alternative.

Following the Chilean banking crisis of 1982 and 1983, the Superintendency of Banks assumed control of banks representing approximately 51% of the total loans in the banking system. As part of the assistance that the Chilean Government provided to Chilean banks, the Central Bank permitted banks to sell to it a certain portion of their non-performing loan portfolios at book value. Each bank then repurchased such loans at their economic value (which, in most cases, was substantially lower than the book value at which the Central Bank had acquired them), with the difference to be repaid to the Central Bank out of future income. Pursuant to Law No. 18,818, which was passed in 1989, this difference was converted into subordinated debt.

The Central Bank

The Central Bank is an autonomous legal entity created under the framework of the Chilean Constitution. It is subject to its Ley Orgánica Constitucional (the “Organic Constitutional Law”) and the Chilean Constitution. To the extent not inconsistent with its Organic Constitutional Law or the Chilean Constitution, the Central Bank is also subject to general laws applicable to the private sector, but is not subject to the laws applicable to the public sector. The Central Bank is directed and administered by a board of directors composed of five members designated by the President of Chile, subject to Senate approval.

The legal purpose of the Central Bank is to maintain the stability of the Chilean peso and the orderly functioning of Chile’s internal and external payment systems. The Central Bank’s powers include setting reserve requirements, regulating the amount of money and credit in circulation, and establishing regulations and guidelines regarding financial companies, foreign exchange (including the Formal Exchange Market) and bank deposit-taking activities.

The Superintendency of Banks

Banks are supervised and controlled by the Superintendency of Banks, a Chilean governmental agency. The Superintendency of Banks authorizes the creation of new banks and has broad powers to interpret and enforce legal and regulatory requirements applicable to banks and financial institutions. Furthermore, in cases of noncompliance with its legal and regulatory requirements, the Superintendency of Banks has the ability to impose sanctions. In extreme cases, it can appoint, with the prior approval of the board of directors of the Central Bank, a provisional administrator to manage a bank. It also has the mandate to approve any amendment to a bank’s bylaws or any increase in its capital.

The Superintendency of Banks examines all banks from time to time, usually at least once a year. Banks are required to submit unconsolidated unaudited financial statements to the Superintendency of Banks on a monthly

 

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basis and to publish their unaudited financial statements at least four times a year in a newspaper of national circulation. A bank’s financial statements as of December 31 of each year must be audited and submitted to the Superintendency of Banks together with the opinion of its independent auditors. In addition, banks are required to provide extensive information regarding their operations at various periodic intervals to the Superintendency of Banks.

Any person wishing to acquire, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the share capital of a bank must obtain prior approval from the Superintendency of Banks. Without such approval, the holder will not have the right to vote such shares. The Superintendency of Banks may only refuse to grant its approval based on specific grounds set forth in the General Banking Law.

According to Article 35 bis of the General Banking Law, the prior authorization of the Superintendency of Banks is required for each of the following:

 

 

the merger of two or more banks;

 

 

the acquisition of all or a substantial portion of a bank’s assets and liabilities by another bank;

 

 

the control by the same person, or controlling group, of two or more banks; or

 

 

a substantial increase in the share ownership of a bank by a controlling shareholder of that bank.

Such prior authorization is required only when the acquiring bank or the resulting group of banks would own a market share in loans determined by the Superintendency of Banks to be more than 15% of the Chilean banking system loans. The intended purchase, merger or expansion may be denied by the Superintendency of Banks, or, if the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined to be more than 20% of the Chilean banking system loans, the purchase, merger, or expansion may be conditioned on one or more of the following:

 

 

that the bank or banks maintain Regulatory Capital above 8% and up to 14% of their risk-weighted assets;

 

 

that the technical reserve established in article 65 of the General Banking Law be applicable when deposits exceed 1.5 times the resulting bank’s paid-in capital and reserves; or

 

 

that the amount of interbanking loans be reduced to 20% of the resulting bank’s Regulatory Capital.

If the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined by the Superintendency of Banks to be more than 15% but less than 20%, the authorization will be conditioned on the bank or banks maintaining Regulatory Capital not below 10% of their risk-weighted assets for a period set by the Superintendency of Banks, which may not be less than one year. The calculation of risk-weighted assets is based on a five-category risk classification system applied to a bank’s assets that is based on the Basel Committee recommendations.

Pursuant to the regulations of the Superintendency of Banks, the following ownership disclosures are required:

 

 

banks must disclose to the Superintendency of Banks the identity of any person owning, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of its shares;

 

 

holders of ADSs must disclose to the depositary the identity of beneficial owners of ADSs registered under such holders’ names;

 

 

the depositary must disclose to the bank the identity of beneficial owners of ADSs which the depositary has registered, and the bank, in turn, must disclose to the Superintendency of Banks the identity of the beneficial owners of the ADSs representing 5% or more of such bank’s shares; and

 

 

bank shareholders who individually hold 10% or more of a bank’s capital stock and who are controlling shareholders must periodically inform the Superintendency of Banks of their financial condition.

 

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Limitations on Types of Activities

Chilean banks can only conduct those activities allowed by the General Banking Law, including loan placements, factoring and leasing activities, accepting deposits and, subject to certain limitations, making investments and performing financial services. Investments are restricted to real estate for the bank’s own use, gold, foreign exchange and debt securities. Through subsidiaries, banks may also engage in other specific financial service activities such as securities brokerage services, mutual fund management, investment fund management, foreign capital fund management, financial advisory, securitization and factoring activities. Subject to specific limitations and the prior approval of the Superintendency of Banks and the Central Bank, Chilean banks may own majority or non-controlling interests in foreign banks.

In March 2002, the Central Bank authorized banks to pay interest on current accounts and the Superintendency of Banks published guidelines permitting banks to offer and charge fees for the use of a current account product that pays interest. Under these guidelines, these accounts may be subject to a minimum balance and different interest rates depending on average balances held in the account. The Central Bank has imposed additional caps on the interest rate that can be charged by banks with a solvency score of less than A.

In June 2007, the Chilean Government passed Law No. 20,190, which amended various aspects of Chile’s capital markets regulatory framework, such as the General Banking Law, Securities, Insurance, Venture Capital and Tax law. Law No. 20,190 is aimed at improving the access to financing for start-up companies and small businesses in order to strengthen confidence in the stock market and to stimulate the development of the financial market in general. The General Banking Law was amended to achieve these goals by, among other things, revising regulations concerning demand deposits, increasing certain credit limits, and redefining the calculations to determine the proper amount for a bank’s reserves. In addition, the General Banking Law was amended to allow local banks to engage in derivatives such as options, swaps and forward contracts, thereby eliminating prior existing legal impediments to those practices.

As a consequence of Chile’s accession to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Chilean Congress introduced new corporate governance regulations in 2009. The Chilean Corporations Law and the Chilean Securities Markets Law were amended such that public companies with capital above 1,500,000 UF that have at least 12.5% of their voting shares owned by shareholders representing less than 10% of the voting shares are required to have at least one independent director in their board of directors. In order to assure the independence of this director, certain requirements were established to protect minority shareholders’ decisions. In addition, regulation was passed to expand the disclosure requirements of publicly-held companies and to hold members of boards of directors liable for not complying with such disclosure obligations.

Deposit Insurance

According to the General Banking Law, local or foreign currency denominated deposits at banks or financial companies are insured as described below.

The Chilean Government guarantees up to 100% of the principal amount of the following deposits:

 

 

deposits in current accounts;

 

 

deposits in savings accounts of demand deposits;

 

 

other demand deposits; and

 

 

deposits in savings accounts with unlimited withdrawals.

In addition, the Chilean Government guarantees up to 90% of the principal amount of time deposits held by individuals in the Chilean banking system. This guarantee covers obligations with a maximum value of UF 108 per person (Ch$2,466,801 or U.S.$5,144.85 as of December 31, 2012).

 

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Reserve Requirements

Deposits are subject to a reserve requirement of 9% for demand deposits and 3.6% for time deposits (with terms of less than one year). The Central Bank has statutory authority to increase these percentages to as much as 40% for demand deposits and as much as 20% for time deposits, to implement monetary policy.

In addition, Chilean banks must hold a certain amount of assets in cash or highly liquid instruments. This reserve requirement is equal to the amount by which the daily balance of deposits payable on demand, net of clearing, exceeds 2.5 times the amount of the bank’s Regulatory Capital. Deposits payable on demand include the following:

 

 

deposits in current accounts;

 

 

other demand deposits or obligations payable on demand and incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

 

saving deposits that allow unconditional withdrawals that bear a stated maturity; and

 

 

other deposits unconditionally payable immediately.

Chilean regulations also require that (i) gaps between assets and liabilities maturing within less than 30 days do not exceed a bank’s Basic Capital and (ii) gaps between assets and liabilities maturing within less than 90 days do not exceed twice a bank’s Basic Capital. Behavioral assumptions of assets and liabilities maturities are accepted if approved by the Superintendency of Banks.

Minimum Capital

Under the General Banking Law, a bank must have a minimum paid in capital and reserves of UF 800,000 (Ch$18,273 million or U.S.$38.1 million as of December 31, 2012). However, a bank may begin its operations with 50% of such amount, provided that it has a Regulatory Capital ratio (defined as Regulatory Capital as a percentage of risk weighted assets) of not less than 12%. When such a bank’s paid in capital reaches UF 600,000 (Ch$13,704 million or U.S.$ 28.6 million as of December 31, 2012), the Regulatory Capital ratio requirement is reduced to 10%.

Capital Adequacy Requirements

According to the General Banking Law, each bank should have Regulatory Capital of at least 8% of its risk-weighted assets, net of required allowances. This percentage may be increased by the regulators according to what has been stated above.

Banks should also have a Basic Capital of at least 3% of their total assets, net of required allowances.

The terms Regulatory Capital and Basic Capital are defined under “Presentation of Financial Information” at the beginning of this annual report.

Market Risk Regulations

In September 2005, the Superintendency of Banks introduced new regulations for measuring market risks (e.g., price and liquidity risks). This entity introduced standardized methodologies based on Basel Market Risk Measurement models for measuring and reporting price risks. These methodologies allow local banks to determine interest rate, foreign exchange (“FX”) and options risks (for FX and interest rate transactions) taken in both their trading and accrual books. Additionally, this entity provided funding liquidity risk measurements standards which included the alternative to model the maturity tenor of some balance sheet items following behavioral assumptions.

The trading book is composed of portfolios of debt and equity instruments that have a liquid secondary market and therefore their valuation at market prices and the corresponding profit and losses impact is representative of market conditions. In addition, all derivative transactions and the FX mismatches are also part of the trading book. The accrual book comprises all of the asset and liability balance sheet items that are not part of the trading book.

 

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The regulation provides that the price risk of the trading book plus 8% of the risk-weighted assets (in light of our merger with Citibank Chile, the Superintendency of Banks has raised the applicable percentage for us from 8% to 10%) may not be higher than Regulatory Capital. As of December 31, 2012, the price risk of our trading book totaled Ch$40,864 million.

The following table shows our regulatory risk availability, computed as the difference between the total risk (10% of the risk-weighted assets plus the trading book risk) and our Regulatory Capital, as of December 31, 2012:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
    

(in millions of Ch$, except

percentage)

 

(a) 10% risk-weighted assets

   Ch$ 2,070,952   

(b) Trading price risk

     40,864   

(c = a + b) Total risk

     2,111,816   

(d) Regulatory Capital

     2,738,829   

(e = d – c) Risk Availability

   Ch$ 627,013   

(f = c/d) Risk used as a Percentage of Regulatory Capital

     77.11

Interest rate risk generated by the accrual book is measured against a self-imposed limit equal to the lesser of 12-month rolling net revenues and our Basic Capital.

The guidelines for measuring liquidity risk are mainly focused on constructing an expected cash flow analysis for the following 30 and 90 days, broken down by currency. Net outflows may not exceed the amount of our Basic Capital for the following 30 days or two times that amount for the following 90 days. Subject to approval of the Superintendency of Banks, the cash flow analysis may include behavioral run-off assumptions for some specific liability balance sheets items (demand deposits, time deposits, etc.) and behavioral roll-over assumptions for some asset items of the consolidated statement of financial position data (loans, etc.).

In June 2006, the Superintendency of Banks introduced new regulations relating to (i) the valuation process of debt instruments and (ii) the measurement and reporting of credit risk generated by derivative transactions.

Prior to June 2006, the Superintendency of Banks allowed banks to classify debt instruments for accounting and business purposes as either “Trading” or “Held-to-Maturity” only. Starting in June 2006, a new alternative classification was added (“Available-for-Sale”). No changes to the classification system have occurred since June 2006.

Credit risk for derivative transactions, for regulatory purposes, must be measured and reported as:

Derivatives Credit risk = Current Mark-to-Market (if positive) + Credit Risk Factor (%) * Notional Amount

The Current Mark-to-Market (“CMTM”) of the transaction, if positive, reflects the amount of money owed by the customer today, e.g. corresponding to the amount the customer would pay us if the transaction were unwound today. As we are interested in measuring the maximum amount of money that the customer would owe us within the life of the transaction, the maximum potential future value of the transaction is added to the CMTM. This potential value is measured as the Credit Risk Factor multiplied by the Notional Amount. Hence, the Credit Risk Factor reflects the potential value that the transaction may take in favor of the bank (under some confidence level) within its remaining tenor. The regulator determines the Credit Risk Factor by considering market factors (three categories: interest rates, FX rates or equity prices) involved in the respective transactions and the remaining tenor. In addition, banks usually develop their own Credit Risk Factors models to assess credit risk not only under regulatory guidelines. Netting and credit mitigants, such as recouponing, early termination, margins, etc. have been accepted by the regulators in order to optimize the credit risk utilization.

 

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Lending Limits

Under the General Banking Law, Chilean banks are subject to certain lending limits, including the following material limits:

 

 

A bank may not extend to any entity or individual, directly or indirectly, unsecured credit in an amount that exceeds 10% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital, or in an amount that exceeds 30% of its Regulatory Capital if the excess over 10% is secured by certain assets with a value equal to or higher than such excess.

 

 

In the case of financing infrastructure projects built through the concession mechanism, the 10% ceiling for unsecured credits is raised to 15% if secured by a pledge over the concession, or if granted by two or more banks or financial companies which have executed a credit agreement with the builder or holder of the concession.

 

 

A bank may not extend loans to another financial institution subject to the General Banking Law in an aggregate amount exceeding 30% of its Regulatory Capital.

 

 

A bank may not extend to any individual or entity that is, directly or indirectly, related to the ownership or management of the bank, credit under more favorable terms with respect to repayment conditions, interest rates or collateral than those granted to third parties in similar transactions. The aggregate amount of such credits granted to related persons may not exceed 5% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital. The 5% unsecured ceiling is raised to 25% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital if the excess over 5% is secured by certain assets with a value equal to or higher than such excess. In any case, the aggregate amount of these credits granted by the bank may not exceed the bank’s Regulatory Capital.

 

 

A bank may not directly or indirectly grant a loan, the purpose of which is to allow an individual or entity to acquire shares of the lender bank.

 

 

A bank may not lend, directly or indirectly, to a director or any other person who has the power to act on behalf of the bank.

 

 

A bank may not grant loans to related parties (including holders of more than 1% of its shares) on more favorable terms than those generally offered to non-related parties. Loans granted to related parties are subject to the limitations described in the first bullet point above. The aggregate amount of loans to related parties may not exceed a bank’s Regulatory Capital.

In addition, the General Banking Law limits the aggregate amount of loans that a bank may grant to its employees to 1.5% of its Regulatory Capital and provides that no individual employee may receive loans in excess of 10% of this 1.5% limit. Notwithstanding these limitations, a bank may grant to each of its employees a single residential mortgage loan for personal use during such employee’s term of employment.

Classification of Banks

The Superintendency of Banks regularly examines and evaluates each bank’s solvency and credit management process, including its compliance with loan classification guidelines. On the basis of this evaluation, it classifies banks into various categories.

Solvency and Management

In accordance with amended regulations of the Superintendency of Banks effective as of January 1, 2004, banks are classified into categories “I” through “V” based upon their solvency and management ratings. This classification is confidential.

 

Category I:    This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated level A in terms of solvency and management.

 

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Category II:    This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated (i) level A in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management, (ii) level B in terms of solvency and level A in terms of management, or (iii) level B in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management.
Category III:    This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated (i) level B in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management for two or more consecutive review periods, (ii) level A in terms of solvency and level C in terms of management, or (iii) level B in terms of solvency and level C in terms of management.
Category IV:    This category is reserved for financial institutions that are rated level A or B in terms of solvency and have been rated level C in terms of management for two or more consecutive review periods.
Category V:    This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated level C in terms of solvency, irrespective of their rating level of management.

A bank’s solvency rating is determined by its Regulatory Capital (after deducting accumulated losses during the financial year) to risk-weighted assets ratio. This ratio is equal to or greater than 10% for level A banks, equal to or greater than 8% and less than 10% for level B banks and less than 8% for level C banks.

With respect to a bank’s management rating, level A banks are those that are not rated as level B or C. Level B banks display some weakness in internal controls, information systems, response to risk, private risk rating or ability to manage contingency scenarios. Level C banks display significant deficiencies in internal controls, information systems, response to risk, private risk rating or ability to manage contingency scenarios.

Obligations Denominated in Foreign Currencies

Foreign currency-denominated obligations of Chilean banks are subject to two requirements:

 

 

a reserve requirement of 9% for demand deposits and 3.6% for time deposits. See “—Reserve Requirements”; and

 

 

net foreign currency outflows may not exceed the amount of the Basic Capital for the following 30 days or two times that amount for the following 90 days.

Capital Markets

Under the General Banking Law, banks in Chile may purchase, sell, place, underwrite and act as paying agents with respect to certain debt securities. Likewise, banks in Chile may place and underwrite certain equity securities. Bank subsidiaries may also engage in debt placement and dealing, equity issuance advice and securities brokerage, as well as mutual fund and investment fund administration, factoring, investment advisory services and merger and acquisition services. The Superintendency of Banks generally regulates these subsidiaries. However, the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance regulates some of these subsidiaries. The Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance is the regulator of the Chilean securities market and publicly-held corporations.

Legal Provisions Regarding Banking Institutions with Economic Difficulties

The General Banking Law provides that if specified adverse circumstances exist at any bank, its board of directors must correct the situation within 30 days from the date of receipt of the relevant financial statements. If the board of directors is unable to do so, it must call an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting to increase the capital of the bank by the amount necessary to return the bank to financial stability. If the shareholders reject the capital increase, or if it is not effected within the 30-day period and in the manner agreed to at the meeting, or if the Superintendency of Banks does not approve the board of directors’ proposal, the bank will be barred from increasing its loan portfolio beyond that stated in the financial statements presented to the board of directors and from making any further investments in any instrument other than instruments issued by the Central Bank. In such a case, or in the event that a bank is unable to make timely payment in respect of its obligations, or if a bank is under provisional administration

 

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of the Superintendency of Banks, the General Banking Law provides that the bank may receive a two-year term loan from another bank. The terms and conditions of such a loan must be approved by the board of directors of both banks, as well as by the Superintendency of Banks, but need not be submitted to the borrowing bank’s shareholders for their approval. A creditor bank may not grant such interbank loans to an insolvent bank in an amount exceeding 25% of the creditor bank’s Regulatory Capital. The board of directors of a bank that is unable to make timely payment of its obligations must present a reorganization plan to its creditors in order to capitalize the credits, extend their respective terms, forgive debts or take other measures for the payment of the debts. If the board of directors of a bank submits a reorganization plan to its creditors and such arrangement is approved, all subordinated debt issued by the bank, whether or not matured, will be converted by operation of law into common stock in the amount required for the ratio of Regulatory Capital to risk-weighted assets to be no lower than 12%. If a bank fails to pay an obligation, it must notify the Superintendency of Banks, which shall determine if the bank is solvent.

Dissolution and Liquidation of Banks

The Superintendency of Banks may establish that a bank should be liquidated for the benefit of its depositors or other creditors when the bank does not have the necessary solvency to continue its operations. In which case, the Superintendency of Banks must revoke the bank’s authorization to exist and order its mandatory liquidation, subject to the agreement of the Central Bank. The Superintendency of Banks must also revoke the bank’s authorization if the reorganization plan of the bank has been rejected twice. The resolution by the Superintendency of Banks must state the reason for ordering the liquidation and must name a liquidator, unless the Superintendency of Banks assumes this responsibility. When a liquidation is declared, all current accounts, other demand deposits received in the ordinary course of business, other deposits unconditionally payable immediately or that have a maturity of no more than 30 days, and any other deposits and receipts payable within 10 days of its maturity date, are required to be paid by using the bank’s existing funds, its deposits with the Central Bank, or its investments in instruments that represent its reserves. If these funds are insufficient to pay these obligations, the liquidator may seize the bank’s remaining assets, as needed. If necessary, and in specified circumstances, the Central Bank will lend the bank the funds necessary to pay these obligations. Any such loans are preferential to any claims of other creditors of the liquidated bank.

Investments in Foreign Securities

Under current Chilean banking regulations, banks in Chile may grant loans to foreign individuals and entities and invest in certain foreign currency securities. Chilean banks may only invest in equity securities of foreign banks and certain other foreign companies which may be affiliates of the bank or which would support the bank’s business if such companies were incorporated in Chile. Banks in Chile may also invest in debt securities traded in formal secondary markets. Such debt securities shall qualify as (i) securities issued or guaranteed by foreign sovereign states or their central banks or other foreign or international financial entities, and (ii) bonds issued by foreign companies. Such foreign currency securities must have a minimum rating as indicated in the table below and, if the investments in these securities and the loans referred to above exceed 70% of the Regulatory Capital of the bank, an allowance for 100% of the excess shall be established:

 

Rating Agency

   Short Term    Long Term

Moody’s

   P2    Baa3

Standard and Poor’s

   A2    BBB–

Fitch IBCA

   F2    BBB–

A Chilean bank may invest in securities having a minimum rating as follows, provided that if the total amount of these investments and the loans referred to above exceed 20% (or 30% in certain cases) of the Regulatory Capital of the bank, an allowance of 100% of the excess shall be established by the bank:

 

Rating Agency

   Short Term    Long Term

Moody’s

   P2    Ba3

Standard and Poor’s

   A2    BB–

Fitch IBCA

   F2    BB–

 

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However, a Chilean bank may invest in securities up to an additional amount of 70% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital without having to establish an additional allowance, if such securities have a minimum rating of:

 

Rating Agency

   Short Term   Long Term

Moody’s

   P1   Aa3

Standard and Poor’s

   A–1+   AA–

Fitch IBCA

   F1+   AA–

Subject to specific conditions, a bank may grant loans in U.S. dollars to subsidiaries or branches of Chilean companies located abroad, to companies listed on foreign stock exchanges located in countries with an international risk rating no less than BB- or its equivalent and, in general, to individuals and entities residing or domiciled abroad.

Procedures for the Management of Information of Interest to the Market

In order to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Chilean Securities Market Law and regulations, issued by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and the Superintendency of Banks, our board of directors approved, on January 29, 2010, the Manual for the Management of Information of Interest to the Market (the “Manual”).

The Manual’s main objective is to provide timely disclosure of our policies and internal regulations in connection with the disclosure of information to the public and the systems that have been implemented by us.

In addition, these policies and internal regulations establish codes of conduct that our employees and other persons with access to certain information must comply with in order to protect information related to us.

The Manual is available to the general public on our web page at www.bancochile.cl.

Prevention of Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism

On March 6, 2006, the Superintendency of Banks issued regulations governing the requirements applicable to banks with respect to prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing. The regulations are aimed at incorporating international anti-money laundering (“AML”) and terrorism financing laws to the Chilean banking industry. Pursuant to these regulations, the Superintendency of Banks requires that banks implement an Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing system based mainly on the “know your customer” concept. Moreover, these policies and procedures must be approved by the board of directors of each bank and must take into account the volume and complexity of its operations and other related parties.

Based on these requirements, a Customer Identification Program (as part of the Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing system) is needed to enable a bank to reestablish the reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its customers. In general, the program includes:

 

 

properly identifying customers, including their background, source and amount of funds, country of origin and other risk factors;

 

 

identifying what the Superintendency of Banks has defined as “persons politically exposed” (“PEPs”) both within Chile and abroad; and

 

 

establishing procedures to open accounts and products, with different documentation requirements needed for different types of accounts and products.

The Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing system required by local regulations must also include the following components:

 

 

AML policies and procedures aimed at preventing a bank from being used as an intermediary to carry out money laundering operations;

 

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appointment of a compliance officer on a senior management level who is responsible for coordinating and monitoring day-to-day AML compliance;

 

 

establishment of an AML Committee for the purposes of planning and coordinating compliance with AML policies and procedures;

 

 

use of software tools to detect, monitor and report unusual operations related to transactions made by customers on different products;

 

 

implementation of personnel selection policies and a training program, in order to prevent money laundering;

 

 

establishment of a Code of Conduct in order to, among other things, guide employee behavior and prevent possible conflicts of interest; and

 

 

independent testing by the compliance department, which must be conducted by a bank’s internal audit department.

Consumer-Oriented Regulation

On September 22, 2010, the Superintendency of Banks issued Circular No. 3,505 and Circular No. 3,506 with the purpose of promoting good practices and more transparency in the terms and conditions of financial services rendered by Chilean banks and financial institutions. On November 15, 2010, the Superintendency of Banks amended Circular No. 3,505 and Circular No. 3,506 by issuing Circular No. 3,513 and Circular No. 3,514. The most significant changes enacted by Circular No. 3,505 and Circular No. 3,506, as amended, are:

 

 

any interest rate modification in credit lines offered in connection with a current account may only follow a variable rate and be based on a rate published by the Central Bank or any other entity or publisher of financial information widely recognized, previously agreed upon with the customer;

 

 

any change to fees agreed with a customer may only be modified with the expressed or implied consent of such customer, thereby altering previous regulations regarding current accounts and credit cards;

 

 

no interest rate or fee may be conditioned on customers obtaining or maintaining other hired services or products;

 

 

no mortgage loan may be conditioned on the grant by the customer of a general security interest securing other financial services that the customer may have;

 

 

mortgage loans may not have as security a mortgage on property other than the property being financed by the mortgage loan;

 

 

no bank may claim an exemption from liability resulting from errors or flaws in the bank’s processes and systems or defaults under insurance agreements; and

 

 

any contractual provision that conflicts with Circular No. 3,505 and Circular No. 3,506 is unenforceable by a bank against its counterparty, even if it predates these regulations.

On December 5, 2011, Law 20.555 was published in the Diario Oficial, amending the Chilean Consumer Protection Law. The most significant changes enacted by Law 20.555 were:

 

 

new agreements entered into by banks and consumer must fully disclose the costs that the consumer assumes, as well as the periodicity, and the mechanisms to modify them. In addition, new agreements must fully disclose all terms, events of default, events of early termination, and automatic payments;

 

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banks must inform consumers periodically as to the complete, detailed cost of the banking product, as well as of the cost of the services rendered. The information must include the cost that the consumer will assume if he terminates the agreement before the end of its term;

 

 

before rendering a service or delivering a product, banks must give the consumer a quote, which must include costs, rates, and conditions;

 

 

if the consumer so wishes banks must terminate the rendering of a service;

 

 

banks must inform guarantors as to their rights and obligations before they assume the role of guarantor;

 

 

irrevocable mandates and mandates in blank are prohibited by the law;

 

 

when consumers execute standard form contracts, banks must explain, in writing, the main provisions of the agreement; and

 

 

banks may only modify fees and costs of services and banking products if the mechanisms to modify them are based on objective and verifiable factors previously agreed to in the agreement. In addition, the cost of banking services and products may not be modified without the consent of the consumer.

This amendment became effective on March 5, 2012, however, with regards to the banking product agreements entered into before said date, the amendment does not affect the substantive rights acquired by the parties in those agreements.

On July 2012 the government enacted the regulations that implement Law 20,555, which address mortgage loans, consumer loans, credit cards, the “Sernac Seal” (Sello Sernac), and other financial products and services. The new regulations govern, among other matters, the form and content of communications that financial institutions must periodically provide to their customers. Likewise, the new regulations implement the so-called “Summary Sheet” (Hoja Resumen), which must precede the contracts that consumers enter into with financial institutions. The Summary Sheet is intended to provide a clear and understandable summary of the terms and conditions that govern financial products and services.

The Sernac Seal is a new concept introduced by Law 20,555 and consists of a non-mandatory certification granted by the Chilean government agency in charge of consumer protection (Servicio Nacional del Consumidor, “Sernac”), by which that agency confirms that the contracts used by a financial institution when providing products and services comply with the Consumer Protection Act. In this regard, the new regulation establishes the specific requirements for financial institutions to obtain such certification as well as the events that may lead to its termination. Among the requirements to obtain the certification, financial institutions must provide a consumer service and adopt a dispute resolution procedure as defined by Law 20,555 and its regulation.

All of these regulations are already implemented by Banco de Chile, except Sernac Seal, which is not mandatory. We do not expect these new regulations to have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operation.

 

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The following diagram presents our current corporate structure, including our subsidiaries and their respective direct ownership interests, as of December 31, 2012:

 

LOGO

With the exception of Banchile Trade Services Limited, which was incorporated in Hong Kong, all of the subsidiaries presented above have their jurisdiction of incorporation in the Republic of Chile. See “—Business Overview—Principal Business Activities—Operations through Subsidiaries” for more information on our subsidiaries.

PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT

We are domiciled in Chile and own the building located at Paseo Ahumada 251, Santiago, Chile, that is approximately 77,500 square meters and serves as the headquarters for the Bank and its subsidiaries. In addition, we own three buildings located at Huerfanos 740, Agustinas 733 and Andrés Bello 2687, Santiago, Chile where the remainder of our executive offices are located. The total area we own in these buildings is equivalent to approximately 46,300 square meters.

As of December 31, 2012, we owned the properties on which 176 of our full-service branches and other points of sale are located (approximately 112,350 square meters of office space). Also, as of December 31, 2012, we had leased office space for 253 of our full-service branches with office space of approximately 71,600 square meters, while our remaining 5 branches and other points of sale were managed thorugh special partnership agreements between the property’s owner and us. We also own properties throughout Chile for back office and administrative operations, as well as for storage of documents and other purposes. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our present needs and suitable for their intended purposes.

As of December 31, 2012, we also owned approximately 133,500 square meters in mainly recreational physical facilities in Chile, which we use to assist our employees in maintaining a healthy work and life balance and which we use for incentive and integration activities.

 

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SELECTED STATISTICAL INFORMATION

The following information is included for analytical purposes and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities

The average balances for interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including interest and readjustments received and paid, were calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries. These average balances are presented in Chilean pesos (Ch$), in UF and in foreign currencies (principally the U.S. dollar). The UF is an inflation-indexed Chilean monetary unit of account with a value in Chilean pesos which is linked to, and which is adjusted daily to reflect changes in, the CPI of the Chilean National Institute of Statistics.

The nominal interest rate has been calculated by dividing the amount of interest and principal readjustment gain or loss during the period by the related average balance, both amounts expressed in constant pesos.

Foreign exchange gains or losses on foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities have not been included in interest revenue or expense. Interest received on past due loans includes interest on such loans from the original maturity date. For our impaired portfolio and high risk loans, we apply a conservative approach of discontinuing accrual-basis recognition of interest revenue in the income statement and they are only recorded once received.

Included in cash and due from banks are current accounts maintained in the Central Bank and overseas banks. Such assets have a distorting effect on the average interest rate earned on total interest earning assets because of balances maintained in:

 

 

the Central Bank, only the portion that is legally required to be held for liquidity purposes earns interest; and

 

 

overseas banks earn interest on certain accounts in certain countries.

Consequently, the average interest earned on such assets is comparatively low. These deposits are maintained by us in these accounts to comply with statutory requirements and to facilitate international business, rather than to earn income.

 

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The following tables set forth, by currency of denomination, average balances and, where applicable, interest amounts and nominal rate for our assets and liabilities under IFRS for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:   Average
balance
    Interest
earned(1)
    Average
nominal
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
earned(1)
    Average
nominal
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
earned(1)
    Average
nominal
rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Assets

                 

Interest earning assets

                 

Deposits in Central Bank

                 

Ch$

  Ch$ 189,029      Ch$ 274        0.14   Ch$ 226,531      Ch$ 2,472        1.09   Ch$ 279,627      Ch$ 1,569        0.56   

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    94,812        93        0.01        108,460        189        0.17        90,671        143        0.16   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    283,841        367        0.13        334,991        2,661        0.79        370,298        1,712        0.46   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial investments

                 

Ch$

    608,266        19,777        3.25        630,882        32,721        5.19        703,721        51,727        7.35   

UF

    725,734        32,351        4.46        669,778        41,375        6.18        788,630        38,889        4.93   

Foreign currency

    185,808        2,609        1.40        261,591        7,673        2.93        255,998        3,229        1.26   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,519,808        54,737        3.60        1,562,251        81,769        5.23        1,748,349        93,845        5.37   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in advance to banks

                 

Ch$

    339,844        7,205        2.12        393,579        10,322        2.62        381,578        12,993        3.41   

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    339,844        7,205        2.12        393,579        10,322        2.62        381,578        12,993        3.41   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commercial loans

                 

Ch$

    4,076,224        226,117        5.55        4,556,598        356,534        7.82        5,440,874        441,789        8.12   

UF

    3,231,121        218,776        6.77        3,723,781        307,310        8.25        3,983,001        285,516        7.17   

Foreign currency

    1,555,737        41,379        2.66        2,051,804        51,564        2.51        2,053,071        63,391        3.09   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    8,863,082        486,272        5.49        10,332,183        715,408        6.92        11,476,946        790,696        6.89   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

                 

Ch$

    1,950,497        373,264        19.14        2,282,824        431,475        18.90        2,597,069        518,787        19.98   

UF

    46,903        3,685        7.86        52,090        4,503        8.64        44,836        4,120        9.19   

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          12,329        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,997,400        376,949        18.87        2,334,914        435,978        18,67        2,654,234        522,907        19.70   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage loans

                 

Ch$

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

UF

    2,698,384        187,363        6.94        3,233,830        266,914        8.25        3,924,080        266,625        6.79   

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    2,698,384        187,363        6.94        3,233,830        266,914        8.25        3,924,080        266,625        6.79   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Repurchase agreement

                 

Ch$

    74,471        5,387        7.23        85,087        5,234        6.15        42,109        2,786        6.62   

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    74,471        5,387        7.23        85,087        5,234        6.15        42,109        2,786        6.62   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest earnings assets

                 

Ch$

    7,238,331        632,024        8.73        8,175,501        838,758        10.26        9,444,978        1,029,651        10.90   

UF

    6,702,142        442,175        6.60        7,679,479        620,102        8.07        8,740,547        595,150        6.81   

Foreign currency

    1,836,357        44,081        2.40        2,421,855        59,426        2.45        2,412,069        66,763        2.77   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 15,776,830      Ch$ 1,118,280        7.09   Ch$ 18,276,835      Ch$ 1,518,286        8.31   Ch$ 20,597,594      Ch$ 1,691,564        8.21
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Interest earned includes interest accrued on trading securities.

 

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    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:   Average
balance
    Interest
earned(1)
    Average
nominal
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
earned(1)
    Average
nominal
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
earned(1)
    Average
nominal
rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Assets

                 

Non-interest earning assets

                 

Cash and due from banks

                 

Ch$

  Ch$ 370,010      Ch$ —          —        Ch$ 445,938      Ch$ —          —        Ch$ 392,220      Ch$ —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    194,562        —          —          247,685        —          —          238,241        —          —     
 

 

 

       

 

 

       

 

 

     

Total

    564,572        —          —          693,623        —          —          630,461        —          —     

Transaction in the course of collection

                 

Ch$

    263,263        —          —          305,521        —          —          266,559       

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    152,592        —          —          227,171        —          —          184,865        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    415,855        —          —          532,692        —          —          451,424        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances for loan losses

                 

Ch$

    (341,313     —          —          (389,578     —          —          (352,064    

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —            —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    (341,313     —          —          (389,578     —          —          (352,064     —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives

                 

Ch$

    481,674        —          —          414,682        —          —          329,513        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    44,635        —          —          41,616        —          —          50,698        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    526,309        —          —          456,298        —          —          380,211        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investment in other companies

                 

Ch$

    11,057        —          —          14,074        —          —          15,686        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    2        —          —          65        —          —          15        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    11,059        —          —          14,139        —          —          15,701        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Intangible assets

                 

Ch$

    82,151        —          —          81,524        —          —          70,335        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    82,151        —          —          81,524        —          —          70,335        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fixed assets

                 

Ch$

    207,267        —          —          207,132        —          —          208,650        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    207,267        —          —          207,132        —          —          208,650        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current tax assets

                 

Ch$

    2,520        —          —          6,173        —          —          1,922        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    2,520        —          —          6,173        —          —          1,922        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets

                 

Ch$

    63,935        —          —          91,397        —          —          116,737        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    63,935        —          —          91,397        —          —          116,737        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other assets

                 

Ch$

    216,432        —          —          276,392        —          —          224,076        —          —     

UF

    40,135        —          —          66,255        —          —          55,582        —          —     

Foreign currency

    12,502        —          —          12,048        —          —          37,359        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    269,069        —          —          354,695        —          —          317,017        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-interest earning assets

                 

Ch$

    986,986        —          —          1,007,317        —          —          1,273,635        —          —     

UF

    40,135        —          —          66,255        —          —          55,582        —          —     

Foreign currency

    209,731        —          —          280,900        —          —          511,177        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,236,852        —          —          1,354,472        —          —          1,840,394        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

                 

Ch$

    8,595,327        632,024        —          9,628,756        838,758        —          10,718,613        1,029,651        —     

UF

    6,742,277        442,175        —          7,745,734        620,102        —          8,796,129        595,150        —     

Foreign currency

    2,240,650        44,081        —          2,950,440        59,426        —          2,923,246        66,763        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 17,578,254      Ch$ 1,118,280        —        Ch$ 20,324,930      Ch$ 1,518,286        —        Ch$ 22,437,988      Ch 1,691,564        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Interest earned includes interest accrued on trading securities.

 

67


Table of Contents
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:   Average
balance
    Interest
paid
    Average
nominal
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
paid
    Average
nominal
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
paid
    Average
nominal
rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Liabilities

                 

Interest bearing liabilities

                 

Savings accounts

                 

Ch$

  Ch$ 4,172,738      Ch$ 86,691        2.08   Ch$ 5,339,224      Ch$ 282,511        5.29     Ch 6,212,712      Ch$ 356,191        5.73

UF

    2,087,299        89,517        4.29        2,246,187        140,879        6.27        2,349,836        134,947        5.74   

Foreign currency

    1,122,089        14,441        1.29        864,820        8,512        0.98        817,575        6,790        0.83   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    7,382,126        190,649        2.58        8,450,231        431,902        5.10        9,380,123        497,928        5.31   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Repurchase agreements

                 

Ch$

    167,032        1,640        0.98        216,102        10,846        5.02        278,456        14,975        5.38   

UF

    14,665        367        2.50        16        —          —          3,036        10        0.33   

Foreign currency

    1,259        1        0.08        2,729        3        0.11        5,452        1        0.02   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    182,956        2,008        1.10        218,847        10,849        4.96        286,944        14,986        5.22   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Borrowings from financial institutions

                 

Ch$

    82,313        2,138        2.60        200,026        6,072        3.04        35,705        3,050        8.54   

UF

    8,255        21        0.25        15,485        (1     —          36        —          —     

Foreign currency

    1,275,267        16,663        1.31        1,499,906        17,709        1.18        1,399,621        19,258        1.38   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,365,835        18,822        1.38        1,715,417        23,780        1.39        1,435,362        22,308        1.55   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Debt issued

                 

Ch$

    78,957        805        1.02        54,019        1,612        2.98        36,866        1,048        2.84   

UF

    1,463,769        104,512        7.14        1,827,406        148,090        8.10        2,516,157        160,071        6.36   

Foreign currency

    117,714        4,306        3.66        113,254        4,194        3.70        285,147        9,103        3.19   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,660,440        109,623        6.60        1,994,679        153,896        7.72        2,838,170        170,222        6.00   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other financial obligations

                 

Ch$

    60,144        1,146        1.91        82,470        1,325        1.61        95,187        1,525        1.60   

UF

    29,200        1,767        6.05        29,411        2,217        7.54        26,078        1,501        5.76   

Foreign currency

    42,856        362        0.84        56,977        240        0.42        49,712        159        0.32   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    132,200        3,275        2.48        168,858        3,782        2.24        170,977        3,185        1.86   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest bearing liabilities

                 

Ch$

    4,561,184        92,420        2.03        5,891,841        302,366        5.31        6,658,926        376,789        5.66   

UF

    3,603,188        196,184        5.45        4,118,505        291,185        7.07        4,895,143        296,529        6.06   

Foreign currency

    2,559,185        35,773        1.40        2,537,686        30,658        1.21        2,557,507        35,311        1.38   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 10,723,557      Ch$ 324,377        3.03   Ch$ 12,548,032      Ch$ 624,209        4.97   Ch$ 14,111,576      Ch$ 708,629        5.02
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

68


Table of Contents
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:   Average
balance
    Interest
paid
    Average
nominal
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
paid
    Average
nominal
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
paid
    Average
nominal
rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Liabilities

                 

Non–interest bearing liabilities

                 

Current account and demand deposit

                 

Ch$

  Ch$ 3,452,445      Ch$ —          —        Ch$ 3,751,441      Ch$ —          —        Ch$ 4,093,133      Ch$ —          —     

UF

    107,937        —          —          167,004        —          —          159,501        —          —     

Foreign currency

    525,418        —          —          621,890        —          —          673,841        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    4,085,800        —          —          4,540,335        —          —          4,926,475        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Transaction in the course of payment

                 

Ch$

    139,131        —          —          141,285        —          —          127,303        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    142,429        —          —          240,505        —          —          175,972        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    281,560        —          —          381,790        —          —          303,275        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives

                 

Ch$

    434,521        —          —          401,759        —          —          338,598        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          80        —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    77,072        —          —          77,111        —          —          92,303        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    511,593        —          —          478,950        —          —          430,901        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current liabilities

                 

Ch$

    14,143        —          —          3,851        —          —          12,470        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    14,143        —          —          3,851        —          —          12,470        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

                 

Ch$

    19,052        —          —          32,262        —          —          56,830        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    19,052        —          —          32,262        —          —          56,830        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions

                 

Ch$

    49,109        —          —          91,622        —          —          98,794        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    49,109        —          —          91,622        —          —          98,794        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other liabilities

                 

Ch$

    206,557        —          —          280,892        —          —          237,218        —          —     

UF

    10,247        —          —          12,916        —          —          15,891        —          —     

Foreign currency

    6,223        —          —          16,320        —          —          33,788        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    223,027        —          —          310,128        —          —          286,897        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity

                 

Ch$

    1,670,413        —          —          1,937,960        —          —          2,210,769        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,670,413        —          —          1,937,960        —          —          2,210,769        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-interest bearing liabilities and equity

                 

Ch$

    5,985,371        —          —          6,641,072        —          —          7,175,115        —          —     

UF

    118,184        —          —          180,000        —          —          175,392        —          —     

Foreign currency

    751,142        —          —          955,826        —          —          975,904        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    6,854,697        —          —          7,776,898        —          —          8,326,411        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

                 

Ch$

    10,546,555        92,420        —          12,532,913        302,366        —          13,834,041        376,774        —     

UF

    3,721,372        196,184        —          4,298,505        291,185        —          5,070,535        296,437        —     

Foreign currency

    3,310,327        35,773        —          3,493,512        30,658        —          3,533,411        42,260        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 17,578,254      Ch$ 324,377        —        Ch$ 20,324,930      Ch$ 624,209        —        Ch$ 22,437,987      Ch$ 715,471        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Interest Earning Assets and Net Interest Margin

The following table sets forth, by currency of denomination, the levels of our average interest earning assets and net interest, and illustrates the comparative margins obtained, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Total average interest earning assets

      

Ch$

   Ch$ 7,238,331      Ch$ 8,175,501      Ch$ 9,444,978   

UF

     6,702,142        7,679,479        8,740,547   

Foreign currency

     1,836,357        2,421,855        2,412,069   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     15,776,830        18,276,835        20,597,594   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest earned (including interest earned on trading securities)(1) 

      

Ch$

     539,604        536,392        652,862   

UF

     245,991        328,917        298,621   

Foreign currency

     8,308        28,768        31,452   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 793,903      Ch$ 894,077      Ch$ 982,935   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest margin, nominal basis(2)

      

Ch$

     7.45     6.56     6.91

UF

     3.67        4.28        3.42   

Foreign currency

     0.45        1.19        1.30   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     5.03     4.89     4.77
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Net interest earned is defined as interest revenue earned less interest expense incurred.
(2) Net interest margin, nominal basis is defined as net interest earned divided by average interest earning assets.

 

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Table of Contents

Changes in Net Interest Income—Volume and Rate Analysis

The following tables compare, by currency of denomination, changes in our net interest revenue between 2011 and 2012 caused by (i) changes in the average volume of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and (ii) changes in their respective nominal interest rates. Volume and rate variances were calculated based on movements in average balances over the period and changes in nominal interest rate, average interest earning assets and average interest bearing liabilities. The net change attributable to changes in both volume and rate has been allocated proportionately to the change in volume and the change in rate.

 

     Increase (Decrease) from
2010 to 2011 due to changes  in
    Net change
from 2010 to
2011
    Increase (Decrease) from
2011 to 2012 due to changes  in
    Net change
from 2011 to
2012
 
IFRS:    Volume     Rate       Volume     Rate    
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Assets

            

Interest earning assets

            

Deposits in Central Bank

            

Ch$

   Ch$ 65      Ch$ 2,133      Ch$ 2,198      Ch$ 488      Ch$ (1,391   Ch$ (903

UF

     —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

     15        81        96        (29     (17     (46
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     80        2,214        2,294        459        (1,408     (949
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial investments

            

Ch$

     761        12,183        12,944        4,119        14,887        19,006   

UF

     (2,655     11,679        9,024        6,649        (9,135     (2,486

Foreign currency

     1,380        3,684        5,064        (160     (4,284     (4,444
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     (514     27,546        27,032        10,608        1,468        12,076   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in advance to banks

            

Ch$

     1,247        1,870        3,117        (323     2,994        2,671   

UF

     —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

     —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     1,247        1,870        3,117        (323     2,994        2,671   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commercial loans

            

Ch$

     29,087        101,330        130,417        71,377        13,878        85,255   

UF

     36,355        52,179        88,534        20,413        (42,207     (21,794

Foreign currency

     12,574        (2,389     10,185        32        11,795        11,827   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     78,016        151,120        229,136        91,822        (16,534     75,288   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

            

Ch$

     62,866        (4,655     58,211        61,786        25,526        87,312   

UF

     429        389        818        (654     271        (383

Foreign currency

     —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     63,295        (4,266     59,029        61,132        25,797        86,929   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage loans

            

Ch$

     —          —          —          —          —          —     

UF

     40,775        38,776        79,551        51,463        (51,752     (289

Foreign currency

     —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     40,775        38,776        79,551        51,463        (51,752     (289
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Repurchase agreement

            

Ch$

     712        (865     (153     (2,817     369        (2,448

UF

     —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

     —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     712        (865     (153     (2,817     369        (2,448
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest earning assets

            

Ch$

     94,738        111,996        206,734        134,630        56,263        190,893   

UF

     74,904        103,023        177,927        77,871        (102,823     (24,952

Foreign currency

     13,969        1,376        15,345        (157     7,494        7,337   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 183,611      Ch$ 216,395      Ch$ 400,006      Ch$ 212,344      Ch$ (39,066   Ch$ 173,278   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents
     Increase (Decrease) from
2010 to 2011 due to changes  in
    Net change
from 2010 to
2011
    Increase (Decrease) from
2011 to 2012 due to changes  in
    Net change
from 2011 to
2012
 
IFRS:    Volume     Rate       Volume     Rate    
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Liabilities

            

Interest bearing liabilities

            

Savings accounts and time deposits

            

Ch$

   Ch$ 29,972      Ch$ 165,848      Ch$ 195,820      Ch$ 48,774      Ch$ 24,906      Ch$ 73,680   

UF

     7,260        44,102        51,362        6,305        (12,237     (5,932

Foreign currency

     (2,927     (3,002     (5,929     (446     (1,276     (1,722
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     34,305        206,948        241,253        54,633        11,393        66,026   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Repurchase agreements

            

Ch$

     614        8,592        9,206        3,309        820        4,129   

UF

     (183     (184     (367     —          10        10   

Foreign currency

     2        —          2        2        (4     (2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     433        8,408        8,841        3,311        826        4,137   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Borrowing from financial institutions

            

Ch$

     3,519        415        3,934        (7,809     4,787        (3,022

UF

     10        (32     (22     —          1        1   

Foreign currency

     2,752        (1,706     1,046        (1,240     2,789        1,549   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     6,281        (1,323     4,958        (9,049     7,577        (1,472
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Debt issued

            

Ch$

     (323     1,130        807        (491     (73     (564

UF

     28,229        15,349        43,578        48,160        (36,179     11,981   

Foreign currency

     (165     53        (112     5,561        (652     4,909   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     27,741        16,532        44,273        53,230        (36,904     16,326   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other financial obligation

            

Ch$

     379        (200     179        204        (4     200   

UF

     13        437        450        (16     (700     (716

Foreign currency

     96        (218     (122     (28     (53     (81
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     488        19        507        160        (757     (597
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest bearing liabilities

            

Ch$

     34,161        175,785        209,946        43,987        30,436        74,423   

UF

     35,335        59,666        95,001        54,449        (49,105     5,344   

Foreign currency

     (242     (4,873     (5,115     3,849        804        4,653   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 69,254      Ch$ 230,578      Ch$ 299,832      Ch$ 102,285      Ch$  (17,865   Ch$ 84,420   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

72


Table of Contents

Financial Investments

Financial assets held-for-trading:

The detail of instruments classified as financial assets held-for-trading is as follows:

 

     As of December 31,      Weighted
Average Nominal
Rate as of
December 31,
 
IFRS:    2010      2011      2012      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)      %  

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

           

Central Bank bonds

   Ch$ 44,624       Ch$ 66,243       Ch$ 25,585         2.70

Central Bank promissory notes

     3,266         4,657         3,068         4.50   

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

     109,302         6,942         43,726         2.59   

Other instruments issued in Chile:

           

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

     196         61         22         5.40   

Bonds from domestic banks

     1,740         585         —           —     

Deposits in domestic banks

     119,002         191,003         87,093         6.56   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

     —           —           —           —     

Other instruments issued in Chile

     1,635         370         188         —     

Instruments issued by foreign institutions:

           

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

     —           —           —           —     

Other instruments issued abroad

     —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 279,765       Ch$ 269,861       Ch$ 159,682         2.31
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank include instruments sold under agreements to repurchase to customers and financial institutions, amounting to Ch$10,792 million as of December 31, 2010, Ch$29,811 million as of December 31, 2011 and no balance as of December 31, 2012. Under “Other instruments issued in Chile” are included instruments sold under agreements to repurchase to customers and financial instruments, amounting to Ch$56,743 million as of December 31, 2010, Ch$152,431 million as of December 31, 2011 and Ch$86,863 million as of December 31, 2012.

 

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Table of Contents

Investment Portfolio:

The detail of instruments classified as financial assets available-for-sale and as financial assets held-to-maturity is as follows:

Financial assets available-for-sale

 

     As of December 31,      Weighted
average nominal
rate as of
December 31,
 
IFRS:    2010      2011      2012      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)      %  

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

           

Bonds issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

   Ch$ 67,822       Ch$ 158,865       Ch$ 110,569         3.99

Promissory notes issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

     212,816         58,564         969         3.25   

Other instruments

     90,849         194,965         140,246         3.29   

Other instruments issued in Chile:

           

Equity instruments valued at cost

     2,222         2,222         613         —     

Equity instruments valued at fair value

     —           —           7,263         —     

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

     70,055         87,966         85,688         3.82   

Bonds from domestic banks

     73,331         124,203         116,100         4.07   

Deposits from domestic banks

     398,789         521,881         560,390         6.88   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

     40,467         54,449         32,281         5.29   

Other instruments

     116,682         139,602         129,693         6.17   

Instruments issued by Foreign Institutions:

           

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

     —           —           —           —     

Other instruments issued abroad

     84,072         128,403         88,504         5.39   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 1,157,105       Ch$ 1,471,120       Ch$ 1,272,316         4.90
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The portfolio of financial assets available for sale included net unrealized gains of Ch$696 million and Ch$24,829 million as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012, respectively, in each case recorded in other comprehensive income within equity.

Financial assets held-to-maturity

There are no securities reported under this category as of December 31, 2010, December 31, 2011 or December 31, 2012.

Maturity of Financial Investments:

The maturities of financial assets held-for-trading and financial assets available-for-sale, as of December 31, 2012 were as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Due within
1 year
     Due after 1 year
but within 3
years
     Due after 3 years
but within
5 years
     Due after 5 years      Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Financial assets held-for-trading

     159,682         —           —           —           159,682   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     787,053         152,075         132,382         200,806         1,272,316   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     946,735         152,075         132,382         200,806         1,431,998   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

74


Table of Contents

Loan Portfolio

The following table sets forth our loans by type of loan and risk classification. All loan amounts stated below are before deduction of allowances for loan losses.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Commercial loans:

        

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 6,969,374       Ch$ 7,872,546       Ch$ 8,551,170   

Foreign trade loans

     913,658         1,509,147         1,240,955   

Current account debtors

     122,106         214,479         189,399   

Factoring transactions

     477,133         589,098         606,137   

Commercial lease transactions

     777,294         996,566         1,113,272   

Other loans and accounts receivable

     37,841         31,607         40,647   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     9,297,406         11,213,443         11,741,580   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mortgage loans:

        

Mortgage bonds

     164,474         134,377         109,215   

Endorsable mortgage loans

     205,260         175,258         151,206   

Other residential real estate mortgage loans

     2,556,335         3,297,331         3,937,766   

Residential lease transactions

     —           —           27   

Other loans and accounts receivable

     552         468         453   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,926,621         3,607,434         4,198,667   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Consumer loans:

        

Consumer loans in installments

     1,482,056         1,763,101         1,906,273   

Current account debtors

     230,767         232,972         245,066   

Credit card debtors

     440,791         569,290         679,986   

Consumer lease transactions

     —           —           —     

Other loans and accounts receivable

     354         257         189   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,153,968         2,565,620         2,831,514   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 14,377,995       Ch$ 17,386,497       Ch$ 18,771,761   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The loan categories are as follows:

 

 

“Commercial Loans” are loans and accounts receivable from clients not included within the mortgage or consumer loans categories.

 

 

“Mortgage Loans” include mortgage loans granted to individuals to acquire, expand, repair or build a home, issued as mortgage bonds, endorsable mortgage loans or by other methods. It also includes supplementary loans for the same purposes and bridge loans granted before the mortgage loan has been settled. This subcategory also includes residential real estate lease transactions and other accounts receivable.

 

 

“Consumer Loans” are all loans granted to individuals to be used for purchasing goods or services. These include different types of loans (either installments or revolving), as well as balances from credit card transactions or overdrafts on current accounts belonging to individuals. Consumer loans also include consumer lease transactions and other accounts receivable. Consumer loans do not include loans granted to finance business activities that the debtor is developing or that it may develop.

 

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Table of Contents

Maturity and Interest Rate Sensitivity of Loans as of December 31, 2012

The following table sets forth an analysis by type and time remaining to maturity of our loans as of December 31, 2012:

 

     Balance as of
December 30,
2012
     Due within 1
month
     Due after 1
month but
within 6 months
     Due after
6 months but
within
12 months
     Due after 1 year
but within 3
years
     Due after 3
years but within
5 years
     Due after
5 years
 
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

                    

Commercial loans:

                    

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 8,551,170       Ch$ 736,964       Ch$ 2,118,721       Ch$ 903,060       Ch$ 2,278,452       Ch$ 1,066,282       Ch$ 1,447,691   

Foreign trade loans

     1,240,955         290,547         751,420         121,689         41,603         30,763         4,933   

Current account debtors

     189,399         189,399         —           —           —           —           —     

Factoring loans

     606,137         357,527         172,002         52,100         24,508         —           —     

Leasing loans

     1,113,272         35,664         150,502         161,646         423,667         161,143         180,650   

Other loans

     40,647         37,185         1,556         939         833         126         8   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     11,741,580         1,647,286         3,194,201         1,239,434         2,769,063         1,258,314         1,633,282   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mortgage Loans:

                    

Mortgage bonds

     109,215         2,335         7,143         8,769         31,515         23,389         36,064   

Endorsable mortgage loans

     151,206         3,764         9,120         8,852         31,404         27,460         70,606   

Residential mortgage loans

     3,937,793         32,099         80,621         98,404         407,946         421,028         2,897,695   

Other loans

     453         453         —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     4,198,667         38,651         96,884         116,025         470,865         471,877         3,004,365   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Consumer loans:

                    

Consumer loans

     1,906,273         108,985         352,931         342,760         870,472         215,393         15,732   

Current account debtors

     245,066         245,066         —           —           —           —           —     

Credit card

     679,986         645,963         34,023         —           —           —           —     

Other loans

     189         189         —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,831,514         1,000,203         386,954         342,760         870,472         215,393         15,732   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 18,771,761       Ch$ 2,686,140       Ch$ 3,678,039       Ch$ 1,698,219       Ch$ 4,110,400       Ch$ 1,945,584       Ch$ 4,653,379   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table sets forth the interest rate sensitivity of our outstanding loans due after one year as of December 31, 2012:

 

     As of
December 31,
2012
 
     (in millions of
Ch$)
 

IFRS:

  

Variable rate

  

Ch$

   Ch$ 795,774   

UF

     580,917   

Foreign currency

     276,728   
  

 

 

 

Total

     1,653,419   
  

 

 

 

Fixed rate

  

Ch$

     2,457,487   

UF

     6,388,832   

Foreign currency

     209,625   
  

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 9,055,944   
  

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 10,709,363   
  

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Loans by Economic Activity

The following table sets forth under IFRS, at the dates indicated, an analysis of our loan portfolio based on the borrower’s principal economic activity. Loans to individuals for business purposes are allocated to their respective economic activity.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:    Loan
Portfolio
     % of Loan
Portfolio
    Loan
Portfolio
     % of Loan
Portfolio
    Loan
Portfolio
     % of Loan
Portfolio
 
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Agribusiness, Fishing:

               

Agriculture and livestock

   Ch$ 420,384         2.92   Ch$ 482,392         2.77   Ch$ 380,239         2.43

Fruit

     275,060         1.91        329,728         1.90        318,241         1.70   

Forestry and wood extraction

     70,765         0.49        100,799         0.58        125,236         0.67   

Fishing

     238,835         1.66        271,901         1.56        311,477         1.25   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,005,044         6.98        1,184,820         6.81        1,135,193         6.05   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mining and Petroleum:

               

Mining and quarries

     177,479         1.23        399,752         2.30        372,437         1.98   

Natural gas and crude oil extraction

     2,599         0.02        —           —          —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     180,078         1.25        399,752         2.30        372,437         1.98   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Manufacturing:

               

Tobacco, food and beverages

     434,796         3.02        509,613         2.93        499,700         2.66   

Textiles, clothing and leather goods

     46,946         0.33        51,416         0.30        167,500         0.89   

Wood and wood products

     29,874         0.21        28,582         0.16        31,055         0.17   

Paper, printing and publishing

     54,337         0.38        68,534         0.39        60,355         0.32   

Oil refining, carbon and rubber

     28,214         0.20        93,080         0.54        64,708         0.34   

Production of basic metal, non-mineral, machine and equipment

     338,057         2.35        375,500         2.16        356,290         1.90   

Other manufacturing industries

     202,777         1.41        362,094         2.08        201,386         1.08   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,135,001         7.90        1,488,819         8.56        1,380,994         7.36   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Electricity, Gas and Water:

               

Electricity, gas and water

     310,774         2.16        315,338         1.81        328,763         1.75   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     310,774         2.16        315,338         1.81        328,763         1.75   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Construction:

               

Residential buildings

     609,532         4.25        793,842         4.57        1,074,856         5.73   

Other constructions

     114,745         0.80        151,000         0.86        177,690         0.94   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     724,277         5.05        944,842         5.43        1,252,546         6.67   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commerce:

               

Wholesale

     746,448         5.19        1,020,572         5.87        921,459         4.91   

Retail, restaurants and hotels

     1,260,721         8.77        1,266,716         7.29        1,403,210         7.47   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,007,169         13.96        2,287,288         13.16        2,324,669         12.38   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Transport, Storage and Communications:

               

Transport and storage

     1,079,386         7.51        1,244,499         7.16        1,397,741         7.45   

Communications

     99,726         0.69        162,859         0.93        72,617         0.38   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,179,112         8.20        1,407,358         8.09        1,470,358         7.83   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Services:

               

Financial and insurance companies

     1,615,006         11.23        1,937,788         11.15        1,796,921         9.57   

Real estate and other financial services

     83,580         0.58        83,723         0.48        57,650         0.31   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,698,586         11.81        2,021,511         11.63        1,854,571         9.88   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Community, Social and Personal Services:

               

Community, social and personal services

     1,050,616         7.31        1,084,380         6.24        1,310,573         6.98   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,050,616         7.31        1,084,380         6.24        1,310,573         6.98   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Others

     325         —          79,335         0.46        311,476         1.67   

Consumer Loans

     2,159,235         15.02        2,565,620         14.76        2,831,514         15.08   

Residential Mortgage Loans

     2,927,778         20.36        3,607,434         20.75        4,198,667         22.37   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 14,377,995         100.00   Ch$ 17,386,497         100.00   Ch$ 18,771,761         100.00
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Foreign Country Outstanding Loans

Our cross-border outstanding loans are principally trade-related. These loans include loans to foreign financial institutions and foreign corporations, some of which are guaranteed by their Chilean parent company. The table below lists under IFRS the total amounts outstanding to borrowers in certain foreign countries as of the dates indicated, and thus does not include foreign trade-related loans to domestic borrowers.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Argentina

   Ch$ 3,307       Ch$ 4,559       Ch$ 4,559   

Australia

     —           12,710         11,553   

Austria

     —           180         212   

Belgium

     —           6,254         269   

Bolivia

     —           82         168   

Brazil

     175,453         204,477         200,016   

Canada

     —           1,891         618   

China

     133,784         281,294         223,515   

Colombia

     7,967         29,299         7,019   

Costa Rica

     6,138         —           —     

Denmark

     —           132         31,457   

El Salvador

     4,251         —           —     

Finland

     —           400         69   

France

     7,618         191         627   

Germany

     —           1,643         33,475   

Holland

     —           15,562         16,148   

Hong Kong

     117         1,405         91   

India

     44         116,130         76,788   

Israel

     —           506         1,112   

Italy

     —           433         157   

Japan

     247         53         4,228   

Mexico

     36,309         87,154         94,814   

New Zealand

     —           —           —     

Peru

     11,565         12,384         18,148   

Singapore

     —           9,238         10,089   

South Korea

     14,811         64,041         56,789   

Spain

     —           1,243         425   

Switzerland

     —           46         11,605   

Sweden

     —           3,546         6,446   

Taiwan

     —           383         —     

Turkey

     —           —           975   

United Kingdom

     371         24,490         38,332   

United States

     —           15,138         36,474   

Uruguay

     165         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 402,147       Ch$ 894,864       Ch$ 886,178   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As a result of the economic and financial uncertainty observed in the Euro zone, the Bank is constantly monitoring the credit risk condition of certain European countries. In this line, as of December 31, 2012, the Bank maintains exposures of contingent credits (standby letters of credits and performance bonds) with certain European countries as follows:

 

     As of
December 31,
2012
 
     (in millions
of Ch$)
 

Italy

   Ch$ 11,320   

Spain

     27,465   
  

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 38,785   
  

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, the Bank does not have any exposure relating to any other product such as: financial assets available-for-sale, financial assets held-for-trading, derivatives instruments, working capital, lines of credit, etc. with the countries mentioned in the table above.

 

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We also maintain deposits abroad, as needed to conduct our foreign trade transactions and manage liquidity. The table below lists the largest amounts of foreign deposits by country under IFRS as of the end of the dates indicated:

 

     As of December 31,  
IFRS:    2010      2011      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Australia

   Ch$ 382       Ch$ 736       Ch$ 502   

Austria

     —           —           —     

Belgium

     688         90         —     

Brazil

           9   

Canada

     775         1,697         743   

China

     79         128         766   

Denmark

     59         74         99   

Finland

     110         99         74   

France

     1,162         676         339   

Germany

     6,133         3,745         9,199   

Holland

     1,628         301         1,018   

Italy

     1,638         109         —     

Japan

     4,497         5,259         4,325   

Mexico

     —           694         484   

Norway

     —           116         114   

Peru

     —           9         29   

Russia

     —           —           —     

Spain

     1,123         69         —     

Sweden

     138         199         —     

Switzerland

     —           2,092         343   

United Kingdom

     1,323         36,147         13,229   

United States

     22,888         236,753         170,275   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 42,623       Ch$ 288,993       Ch$ 201,548   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Credit Review Process

Credit risk is the risk that we will incur a loss because our customers or counterparties do not comply with their contractual obligations.

This risk is managed using a global, unified and forward-looking strategy, which recognizes the current and projected economic environment of the markets and segments in which our different businesses are developing and grants appropriate credit treatment to each such market or segment by using risk limits that we are willing to accept from counterparties.

Managing credit risk is, therefore, inherent to our business and must be incorporated into each segment in which we do business. In this way, we may achieve an optimum balance between assumed risks and attained returns and properly allocate capital to each business line while complying with regulations and criteria defined by our board of directors in order to ensure that we have an appropriate capital base for potential losses that may arise from our credit exposure.

Counterparty limits are established by analyzing financial information, risk ratings, the nature of the exposure, documentation, guarantees, market conditions and the pertinent industry sector, among other factors. The process of monitoring credit quality also includes identifying in advance any possible changes in a counterparty’s payment capacity, which enables us to evaluate the potential loss from these risks and take corrective actions.

Approval Process

Loan analysis and approval is conducted using a differentiated approach for each market segment, using three separate credit-risk models:

Automated Model: This model focuses on individuals from the mass-market segment (i.e., not business-related) and is based on the integral automation of processes, which consist of admission, approval, follow-up and recovery, using scoring and behavior-based approval systems.

 

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Table of Contents

We have also developed a broad level of knowledge regarding selection of customers, with a significant capacity to discriminate between customers of different credit bases. Using this model, we have developed separate segmented models for retail banking and Banco CrediChile. In the case of our Consumer Finance Division (Banco CrediChile), there are further distinctions for employed customers, which are separated into the following five sub-segments: retired persons, employees in the public sector, employees in the private sector over 40 years of age, employees in the private sector under 40 years of age and self-employed.

In retail banking there are also sub-segments divided by activity and length of the customer’s relationship with us.

Parametric Model: This model is applied to individuals and small- and medium-sized companies in business. To analyze these segments, we use certain levels of automation and parameterization. Automation currently provides a fundamental pillar for the pre-approval process for small companies and support for potential evaluations of medium-sized companies.

Case-by-Case Model: This model is used for the wholesale business segment. It is based on individual expert evaluation on risk level, operation amount and business complexity, among other variables.

Transactions in which the total customer credit risk is more than Ch$16,721 million require approval from a credit committee, composed of three directors and our Chief Executive Officer. Transactions in which the total customer credit risk is equal to or less than Ch$16,721 million may be approved by other executives, depending on the amount involved, as follows:

 

Approved by

  

Limit in MCh$

Credit committee, including members of the board of directors

   up to legal limits

Chief executive officer, chairman and senior credit risk officer

   up to MCh$16,721

Chief executive officer, chairman or senior credit risk officer (any two of the three)

   up to MCh$11,147

Chief executive officer and executive credit risk officers

   up to MCh$7,803

Senior credit risk officers and executive vice president of corporate banking

   up to MCh$7,803

Executive credit risk officers and Executive vice president of corporate banking

   up to MCh$3,121

Other credit risk officers

   up to MCh$1,115

Executive vice president of corporate banking

   up to MCh$1,115

Other department heads

   up to MCh$446

Other officers

   up to MCh$223

In addition to reviewing the credit limit, the business segment extending the credit must review the terms of the loan, the interest rate and any security to be obtained.

Control and Follow-up

The ongoing control and follow-up of credit risk is the basis for proactive portfolio management and enables risk to be recognized opportunely, thus identifying business opportunities and detecting potential impairment before it occurs.

In the wholesale business segment, control and follow-up are realized through a combination of reviews. The most relevant are the following:

 

 

High-level structured portfolio reviews with respect to the impact of specific macroeconomic fluctuations on relevant sectors of activity, defining case-by-case action plans.

 

 

Constant monitoring system in order to detect early those customers that show potential risks, agreeing on specific action plans for these customers with the corresponding client servicing team.

 

 

Payment arrears management, backed by predictive indicators of risk level, with follow-up and action plans in the case of our most important customers, plus management of differentiated strategies for early recovery.

 

 

Follow-up on the conditions, restrictions and covenants imposed by the credit committee to all operations requiring it due to their importance or complexity.

 

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Control of the exposure as well as the sufficiency of guarantees granted in the form of shares, monitoring fluctuations and preparing action plans in the event of insufficient coverage.

 

 

Follow-up schemes of credit behavior variables and borrowers’ financial condition.

 

 

Risk segmentation strategies for collection processes and policies to better integrate loan approval and monitoring processes based on a single set of credit fundamentals.

Analysis of Our Loan Classification

The following tables provide statistical data under IFRS regarding the classification of our loans as of the dates indicated. As discussed above, our risk analysis system requires that loans to all customers be classified.

 

IFRS:    As of December 31, 2010(*)  
     Commercial
Loans
    Residential
Mortgage Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Total Loans     Percentage
Loans of
Classified
 
Bank’s Credit Rating:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

A1

   Ch$ 28,728      Ch$ —         Ch$ —         Ch$ 28,728        0.35

A2

     2,346,028        —           —           2,346,028        28.19   

A3

     2,098,218        —           —           2,098,218        25.21   

B

     3,380,009        —           —           3,380,009        40.61   

Impaired Portfolio

     469,971        —           —           469,971        5.64   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total individual classified loans

   Ch$ 8,322,954      Ch$ —         Ch$ —         Ch$ 8,322,954        100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Group non-classified loans

     838,074        2,856,020         2,045,849         5,739,943     

Group impaired portfolio

     129,954        71,758         113,386         315,098     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total loans

   Ch$ 9,290,982      Ch$ 2,927,778       Ch$ 2,159,235       Ch$ 14,377,995     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Percentage Classified

     89.58     —           —           57.89  

 

(*) On January 1, 2010, the criteria for classification of the impaired portfolio was changed, whereby 100% of categories C1 and C2 are considered to be in impairment, unlike in 2009, where customers that were classified in categories C1 and C2 who were not overdue for more than 60 days were not included.

 

IFRS:    As of December 31, 2011(*)  
     Commercial
Loans
    Residential
Mortgage Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Total Loans     Percentage
Loans of
Classified
 
Bank’s Credit Rating:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

A1

   Ch$ 50,449      Ch$ —         Ch$ —         Ch$ 50,449        0.52

A2

     2,393,915        —           —           2,393,915        24.85   

A3

     3,173,274        —           —           3,173,274        32.94   

A4

     1,889,504        —           —           1,889,504        19.62   

A5

     1,299,391        —           —           1,299,391        13.49   

A6

     605,626        —           —           605,626        6.27   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     9,412,159        —           —           9,412,159        97.69   

B1

     39,682        —           —           39,682        0.41   

B2

     8,664        —           —           8,664        0.09   

B3

     6,542        —           —           6,542        0.07   

B4

     1,517        —           —           1,517        0.02   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Substandard Portfolio

     56,405        —           —           56,405        0.59   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

C1

     19,083        —           —           19,083        0.20   

C2

     11,405        —           —           11,405        0.12   

C3

     35,413        —           —           35,413        0.37   

C4

     15,886        —           —           15,886        0.16   

C5

     55,893        —           —           55,893        0.58   

C6

     26,179        —           —           26,179        0.29   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-complying Portfolio

     163,859        —           —           163,859        1.72   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Individual
Classified Loans

   Ch$ 9,632,423      Ch$ —         Ch$ —         Ch$ 9,632,423        100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     1,443,208        3,543,520         2,439,495         7,426,223     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Non-complying Portfolio

     137,812        63,914         126,125         327,851     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total Group Classified Loans

   Ch$ 1,581,020      Ch$ 3,607,434       Ch$ 2,565,620       Ch$ 7,754,074     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total loans

   Ch$ 11,213,443      Ch$ 3,607,434       Ch$ 2,565,620       Ch$ 17,386,497     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

Percentage Classified

     85.90     —           —           55.40  

 

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Table of Contents
IFRS:    As of December 31, 2012(*)  
     Commercial
Loans
    Residential
Mortgage Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Total Loans     Percentage
Loans of
Classified
 
Bank’s Credit Rating:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

A1

   Ch$ 40      Ch$ —         Ch$ —         Ch$ —          —  

A2

     2,024,110        —           —           2,024,110        20.93   

A3

     2,642,389        —           —           2,642,389        27.32   

A4

     1,998,263        —           —           1,998,263        20.66   

A5

     1,875,478        —           —           1,875,478        19.39   

A6

     778,283        —           —           778,283        8.03   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     9,318,563        —           —           9,318,563        96.33   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

B1

     134,201        —           —           134,201        1.39   

B2

     21,709        —           —           21,709        0.22   

B3

     41,155        —           —           41,155        0.43   

B4

     8,613        —           —           8,613        0.09   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Substandard Portfolio

     205,678        —           —           205,678        2.13   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

C1

     22,521        —           —           22,521        0.23   

C2

     13,753        —           —           13,753        0.14   

C3

     5,636        —           —           5,636        0.06   

C4

     52,562        —           —           52,562        0.54   

C5

     17,895        —           —           17,895        0.19   

C6

     35,323        —           —           35,323        0.38   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-complying Portfolio

     147,690        —           —           147,690        1.54   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Individual Classified Loans

   Ch$ 9,671,931        —           —         Ch$ 9,671,931        100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     1,877,452        4,149,265         2,651,347         8,678,064     

Non-complying Portfolio

     192,197        49,402         180,167         421,766     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Group Classified Loans

   Ch$ 2,069,649      Ch$ 4,198,667       Ch$ 2,831,514       Ch$ 9,099,830     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 11,741,580      Ch$ 4,198,667       Ch$ 2,831,514       Ch$ 18,771,761     
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Percentage Classified

     82.37     —           —           51.52  

 

(*) On January 1, 2011, the credit ratings for debtors with individual assessment changed, separating the portfolio into Normal (categories A1-A6), substandard (B1—B4) and Non-complying (C1-C6), as shown in the above table (see note 41(f) of Financial Statements).

Classification of Loan Portfolio

Individual Classified Loans

An individual analysis of debtors is applied to individuals and companies that are of such significance with respect to size, complexity or level of exposure to the Bank, that they must be analyzed in detail. For purposes of establishing the appropriate allowances, the Bank classifies the debtors and their operations related to loans into one of three categories of loans portfolio: Normal, Substandard and Non-Complying Loans.

Normal Loans

Normal loans correspond to borrowers who are up to date on their payment obligations and show no sign of deterioration in their credit quality.

Substandard Loans

Substandard loans include all borrowers with insufficient payment capacity or significant deterioration of payment capacity that may be reasonably expected not to comply with all principal and interest payments obligations set forth in the credit agreement. This category also includes all loans that have been non-performing for more than 30 days.

 

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Table of Contents

Non-Complying Loans

The non-complying loans correspond to borrowers whose payment capacity is seriously at risk and who have a high likelihood of filing for bankruptcy or are renegotiating credit terms to avoid bankruptcy. This category comprises all loans outstanding from debtors that have at least one installment payment of interest or principal overdue for 90 days or more.

Group Classified Loans

The group analysis is used to analyze a large number of loans whose individual amounts are not significant. For this analysis, the Bank uses models based on attributes of the debtors and their loans, and on the behavior of a group of loans.

Classification of Loan Portfolio Based on the Borrower’s Payment Performance

The following tables set forth under IFRS as of the dates indicated the amounts that are current as to payments of principal and interest and the amounts that are overdue:

 

     Domestic Loans(1)  
     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Current

   Ch$ 12,724,970       Ch$ 15,593,412       Ch$ 17,196,949   

Total Overdue 1-29 days

     945,689         1,165,108         949,285   

Total Overdue 30-89 days

     498,612         298,729         135,620   

Total Past Due 90 days or more

     172,075         178,905         181,863   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 14,341,346       Ch$ 17,236,154       Ch$ 18,463,717   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Foreign Loans(1)  
     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Current

   Ch$ 36,649       Ch$ 150,343       Ch$ 308,044   

Total Overdue 1-29 days

     —           —           —     

Total Overdue 30-89 days

     —           —           —     

Total Past Due 90 days or more

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 36,649       Ch$ 150,343       Ch$ 308,044   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Total Loans(1)  
     As of December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch, except percentages)  

Current

   Ch$ 12,761,619      Ch$ 15,743,755      Ch$ 17,504,993   

Total Overdue 1-29 days

     945,689        1,165,108        949,285   

Total Overdue 30-89 days

     498,612        298,729        135,620   

Total Past Due 90 days or more

     172,075        178,905        181,863   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 14,377,995      Ch$ 17,386,497      Ch$ 18,771,761   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Overdue loans expressed as a percentage of total loans

     11.24     9.45     6.75

Total Past-due loans as a percentage of total loans

     1.20     1.03     0.97

 

(1) Total past-due and total overdue loans refer to installments that are past-due or overdue and the remaining outstanding balance of such loans (principal and interest).

Loans included in the previous table, which have been restructured and bear no interest, are as follows:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Ch$

   Ch$ 2,550       Ch$ 2,547       Ch$ 4,605   

UF

     128         128         128   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 2,678       Ch$ 2,675       Ch$ 4,733   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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The amount of interest we would have recorded on these loans for the year ended December 31, 2012 had these loans been earning a market interest rate was Ch$205 million.

In addition, other loans that were restructured, mainly through the extension of their maturities, and that bear interest, are as follows:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Total other restructured loans

   Ch$ 328,370       Ch$ 338,725       Ch$ 362,862   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2012, interest recorded in income on these loans amounted to Ch$30,846 million.

Analysis of Substandard Loans and Total Past Due

The following table analyzes our substandard loans, total past-due loans and allowances for loan losses existing at the dates indicated under IFRS.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Total loans

   Ch$ 14,377,995      Ch$ 17,386,497      Ch$ 18,771,761   

Impaired loans(1)

     785,069        499,768        611,281   

Impaired loans as a percentage of total loans

     5.46     2.87     3.31

Total past due

      

To the extent secured(2)

     23,781        17,388        19,656   

To the extent unsecured

     148,294        161,517        162,207   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due

     172,075        178,905        181,863   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due as a percentage of total loans

     1.20     1.03     0.97

To the extent secured

     0.17        0.10        0.10   

To the extent unsecured

     1.03        0.93        0.86   

Allowances for loans losses as a percentage of:

      

Total loans

     2.42        2.09        2.07   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due

     202.25        202.76        213.24   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due—unsecured

     234.69     224.58     239.08
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) For periods prior to 2011 individually evaluated loans are considered substandard when they are classified into categories C1 to D2, and group-evaluated loans are considered substandard when they are assigned allowances for loan losses higher than 20%. For periods after 2011, the impaired portfolio is composed of all credits of debtors classified in some category of “Non-complying Loans”, as well as in categories B3 and B4 of “Substandard Portfolio”, all of them subject to individual assessment. This portfolio also includes all group-evaluated debtors who are in the “non-complying loans” category.
(2) Security generally consists of mortgages on real estate, pledges of marketable securities, letters of credit or cash.

Analysis of Allowances for Loan Losses

The following table analyzes our allowances for loan losses and changes in the allowances attributable to charge-offs, allowances established and allowances released:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Allowances for loan losses at beginning of period

   Ch$ 312,101      Ch$ 348,027      Ch$ 362,741   

Charge-offs

     (149,093     (177,960     (182,733

Allowances established

     185,019        207,189        225,678   

Allowances released(1)

     —          (14,515     (17,883
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances for loan losses at end of period

   Ch$ 348,027      Ch$ 362,741      Ch$ 387,803   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ratio of charge-offs to average loans

     1.10     1.12     1.01

Allowances for loan losses at end of period as a percentage of total loans

     2.42     2.09     2.07

 

(1) Represents the aggregate amount of allowances for loan losses released during the year as a result of charge-offs, recoveries or a determination by management that the level of risk existing in the loan portfolio has been reduced.

 

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For allowance for loan losses associated with impaired loans and with non-impaired loans, see Note 10 (c) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

During 2010, the Chilean economy continued the upward trend that started at the end of 2009, which positively impacted the risk profiles of individuals and companies in Chile. Additionally, certain corporate customers improved their financial performance as a result of specific plans intended to overcome productive difficulties and an increase in the private consumption in Chile. Our allowances for loan losses grew by 11.5% from December 31, 2009 to December 31, 2010, which is in line with the annual growth posted by our total loan portfolio (particularly in the retail banking segment), our conservative risk approach. In addition, the annual increase in allowances for loan losses is consistent with lower charge-offs in 2010 as compared to 2009 and with provisions for loan losses established during 2010 in order to cover potential risks related to certain corporate customers.

The year ended December 31, 2011 was positive for the local economy. GDP recorded 6.0% annual growth, which resulted in improved economic figures, such as a four-year low unemployment rate (7.1%) and an increase in real salaries. These macroeconomic indicators boosted consumption and the commercial activity of companies, all of which resulted in improved risk profiles of both individuals and companies. However, due to a volume effect associated with the significant 21.2% expansion of our loan book, our allowances for loan losses recorded a 4.2% increase, from Ch$348,027 million in 2010 to Ch$362,741 million in 2011.

In 2012, the industry experienced at least two forces affecting allowances for loans losses. On the one hand, the positive economic cycle resulted in lower unemployment and increasing real salaries, which positively impacted customers’ payment capacity. However, in the first half of the year, social and regulatory issues effectively offset the positive economic drivers and caused a moderate deterioration in credit quality, especially associated with consumer loans, with past-due loan indicators peaking in the second quarter of 2012. This phenomenon was observed across the industry and led other banks and us to be more conservative in provisioning loans and focus on collections. Although, credit quality conditions and customers’ payment behavior normalized by the end of the year, the growth in total loans and our higher penetration of the retail banking segment translated into a 6.9% annual increase in allowances for loan losses, from Ch$362,741 million in 2011 to Ch$387,803 million in 2012.

Loans are written-off when the collection efforts have been exhausted but not later than the maximum periods as follows:

 

Type of Loan

  

Term

Consumer loans with or without collateral    6 months
Other transactions without collateral    24 months
Commercial loans with collateral    36 months
Residential mortgage loans    48 months
Consumer leases    6 months
Other non-real estate lease transactions    12 months
Real estate leases (commercial or residential)    36 months

The following table presents detailed information on write-offs and shows the charge-offs breakdown by loan category:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 46,419       Ch$ 82,086       Ch$ 43,164   

Mortgage loans

     2,376         2,923         4,253   

Consumer loans

     100,298         92,951         135,316   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 149,093       Ch$ 177,960       Ch$ 182,733   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Loan recoveries by type of loan are shown in the table below:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 11,127       Ch$ 16,014       Ch$ 14,892   

Mortgage loans

     1,387         1,106         1,971   

Consumer loans

     19,609         28,445         24,099   

Subtotal

     32,123         45,565         40,962   

Recoveries and sales of loans reacquired from the Central Bank

     46         90         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 32,169       Ch$ 45,655       Ch$ 40,962   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following tables classify our loan portfolio based on the borrower’s payment performance for each of the last three years:

 

     Year ended December 31, 2010  
     Commercial
Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Mortgage
Loans
     Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Total Past due after 90 days but less than 6 months

   Ch$ 33,889       Ch$ 29,257       Ch$ 16,671       Ch$ 79,817   

Total Past due after 6 months within 12 months

     28,503         —           9,754         38,257   

Total Past due 12 months within 24 months

     33,073         —           8,689         41,762   

Total Past due 24 months within 36 months

     5,920         —           4,435         10,255   

Total Past due 36 months within 48 months

     —           —           1,984         1,984   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Past Due

   Ch$ 101,385       Ch$ 29,257       Ch$ 41,433       Ch$ 172,075   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Year ended December 31, 2011  
     Commercial
Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Mortgage
Loans
     Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Total Past due after 90 days but less than 6 months

   Ch$ 41,729       Ch$ 38,825       Ch$ 15,367       Ch$ 95,921   

Total Past due after 6 months within 12 months

     22,837         —           8,588         31,425   

Total Past due 12 months within 24 months

     30,982         —           6,487         37,469   

Total Past due 24 months within 36 months

     6,847         —           4,079         10,926   

Total Past due 36 months within 48 months

     —           —           3,164         3,164   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Past Due

   Ch$ 102,395       Ch$ 38,825       Ch$ 37,685       Ch$ 178,905   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Year ended December 31, 2012  
     Commercial
Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Mortgage
Loans
     Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Total Past due after 90 days but less than 6 months

   Ch$ 34,410       Ch$ 44,093       Ch$ 11,934       Ch$ 90,437   

Total Past due after 6 months within 12 months

     31,497         14         6,017         37,528   

Total Past due 12 months within 24 months

     35,547         2         6,729         42,278   

Total Past due 24 months within 36 months

     5,936         —           3,783         9,719   

Total Past due 36 months within 48 months

     —           —           1,901         1,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Past Due

   Ch$ 107,390       Ch$ 44,109       Ch$ 30,364       Ch$ 181,863   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Allocation of Allowances for Loan Losses

The following tables set forth the proportions of our required allowances for loan losses attributable to our commercial, consumer and residential mortgage loans under IFRS as of the dates indicated.

 

    As of December 31, 2010     As of December 31, 2011  
    Allowance
amount
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of loans in
category
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of total
loans
    Loans in
category
as
percentage
of total
loans(1)
    Allowance
amount
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of loans in
category
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of total
loans
    Loans in
category
as
percentage
of total
loans(1)
 
IFRS:   (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Commercial loans

  Ch$ 211,558        2.28     1.47     64.66   Ch$ 208,249        1.85     1.19     64.58

Consumer loans

    121,195        5.63        0.84        14.98        138,588        5.40        0.80        14.72   

Residential mortgage loans

    15,274        0.52        0.11        20.36        15,904        0.44        0.09        20.70   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocated allowances

  Ch$ 348,027        2.42     2.42     100.00   Ch$ 362,741        2.08     2.08     100.00
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Allowance
amount
     Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of loans in
category
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of total
loans
    Loans in
category
as
percentage
of total
loans(1)
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 207,676         1.77     1.11     62.55

Consumer loans

     164,047         5.79        0.87        15.08   

Residential mortgage loans

     16,080         0.38        0.09        22.37   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocated allowances

   Ch$ 387,803         2.07     2.07     100.00
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Based on our loan classification.

The following table sets forth our charge-offs for 2010, 2011 and 2012 by major economic sector and provides further detail of charge-offs that have already been described in the previous discussion of allowances for loan losses:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Commercial:

        

Agriculture

   Ch$ 3,177       Ch$ 5,208       Ch$ 2 ,986   

Mining

     461         606         812   

Manufacturing

     7,956         3,807         5,143   

Construction

     6,159         3,330         3,161   

Commerce

     12,960         52,057         9,228   

Transport

     3,786         2,132         2,287   

Financial services

     6,140         9,799         5,637   

Community

     5,780         5,147         13,910   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal:

   Ch$ 46,419       Ch$ 82,086       Ch$ 43,164   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Consumer loans

     100,298         92,951         135,316   

Mortgage loans

     2,376         2,923         4,253   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 149,093       Ch$ 177,960       Ch$ 182,733   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Composition of Deposits and Other Commitments

The following table sets forth under IFRS the composition of our deposits and similar commitments as of the dates indicated. See “—Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities” for the average rate paid on each of the following deposit categories.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Current accounts

   Ch$ 3,611,894       Ch$ 3,968,504       Ch$ 4,495,135   

Other demand deposits

     834,287         926,922         975,836   

Savings accounts

     173,404         177,900         179,464   

Time deposits

     7,497,073         9,081,336         9,370,063   

Other term balance payables

     27,491         23,088         63,423   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 12,144,149       Ch$ 14,177,750       Ch$ 15,083,921   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Maturity of Deposits

The following table sets forth under IFRS information regarding the currency and maturity of our deposits at December 31, 2012, expressed in percentages. UF-denominated deposits are similar to Chilean peso-denominated deposits in all aspects, except that the principal is readjusted periodically based on the value of the UF.

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Ch$      UF      Foreign
Currency
     Total  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

           

Demand deposits

   Ch$ 4.803.858       Ch$ 28.395       Ch$ 638,716       Ch$ 5,470,969   

Savings accounts

     —           179,466         —           179,466   

Time deposits:

           

Maturing within three months

     4,712,220         720,526         756,178         6,188,924   

Maturing after three but within six months

     847,921         450,448         59,637         1,358,006   

Maturing after six but within 12 months

     869,965         590,840         27,798         1,488,603   

Maturing after 12 months

     95,716         301,037         1,200         397,953   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total time deposits

     6,525,822         2,062,851         844,813         9,433,486   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total deposits

   Ch$ 11,329,680       Ch$ 2,270,712       Ch$ 1,483,529       Ch$ 15,083,921   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table sets forth information under IFRS regarding the currency and maturity of deposits in excess of U.S.$100,000 as of December 31, 2012.

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Ch$     UF     Foreign
Currency
    Total  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

        

Demand deposits

     42.40     1.25     43.06     36.27

Savings accounts

     —          7.90        —          1.19   

Time deposits:

        

Maturing within three months

     41.59        31.73        50.97        41.03   

Maturing after three but within six months

     7.48        19.84        4.02        9.00   

Maturing after six but within 12 months

     7.68        26.02        1.87        9.87   

Maturing after 12 months

     0.85        13.26        0.08        2.64   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total time deposits

     57.60        90.85        56.94        62.54   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deposits

     100.00     100.00     100.00     100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Minimum Capital Requirements

The following table sets forth our minimum capital requirements set by the Superintendency of Banks as of the dates indicated:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
CHILEAN GAAP:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Banco de Chile’s regulatory capital

   Ch$ 1,404,125      Ch$ 1,739,173      Ch$ 2,007,573   

Minimum regulatory capital required

     (638,684     (761,362     (821,418
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Excess over minimum regulatory capital required

   Ch$ 765,441      Ch$ 977,811      Ch$ 1,186,155   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Short-Term Borrowings

The principal categories of our short-term borrowings are amounts borrowed under foreign trade lines of credit, domestic inter-bank loans and repurchase agreements. The table below presents under IFRS the amounts outstanding and the weighted average nominal interest rate for each period indicated by type of short-term borrowing.

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:    Year-End
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
    Year-End
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
    Year-End
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
 
     (in millions of Ch$, except rate data)  

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

   Ch$ 81,755         2.46   Ch$ 223,202         4.86   Ch$ 226,396         6.62

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

     —           —          —           —          —           —     

Foreign borrowings

     1,281,292         1.37        1,668,084         1.29        1,108,662         1.90   

Other obligations

     111,558         —          123,051         —          106,538         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total short-term borrowings

   Ch$ 1,474,605         1.33   Ch$ 2,014,337         1.61   Ch$ 1,441,596         2.50
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table shows the average balance and the weighted average nominal rate for each short-term borrowing category during the periods indicated:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
IFRS:    Average
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
    Average
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
    Average
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
 
     (in millions of Ch$, except rate data)  

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

   Ch$ 182,956         1.10   Ch$ 218,847         4.96   Ch$ 286,944         5.22

Central Bank borrowings

     77         1.34        69         —          36         —     

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

     61,109         1.98        73,590         3.06        34,702         3.52   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Sub-total

   Ch$ 244,142         1.32   Ch$ 292,506         4.48     321,682         5.04   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign borrowings

     1,240,088         1.42        1,600,479         1.35        1,388,253         1.52   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total short-term borrowings

   Ch$ 1,484,230         1.40   Ch$ 1,892,985         1.83   Ch$ 1,709,935         2.18
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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The following table presents the maximum month-end balances of our principal sources of short-term borrowings during the periods indicated:

 

     Maximum 2010
month-end
balance
     Maximum 2011
month-end
balance
     Maximum 2012
month-end
balance
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Investments sold under agreements to repurchase

   Ch$ 320,613       Ch$ 321,956       Ch$ 310,616   

Central Bank borrowings

     125,268         98,865         60   

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

     250,215         126,055         5,000   

Foreign borrowings

   Ch$  1,528,988       Ch$  1,914,290       Ch$  1,735,573   

 

Item 4B Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

 

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Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

OPERATING RESULTS

Introduction

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is entirely qualified by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information.” Certain amounts (including percentage amounts) that appear in this annual report may not total due to rounding.

We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

Until and including our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008, we prepared our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with Chilean GAAP, with reconciliations to U.S. GAAP. As required by IFRS 1—First Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, our financial position as of December 31, 2008 and our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008 were restated in accordance with IFRS 1 for comparative purposes. Reconciliations and description of the transition to IFRS, and the effects on assets, liabilities, equity, net income and cash flows are presented in Note 5 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2009 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2010. Unless otherwise indicated, the financial information included in this annual report with respect to 2010, 2011 and 2012 has been derived from financial statements that were prepared in accordance with IFRS. See Note 2(a) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Chilean GAAP. As a result, our financial information presented under IFRS is not directly comparable to any of our financial information presented under Chilean GAAP. Accordingly, readers should avoid such comparison.

Overview

We are a leading bank within the Chilean financial system, providing a broad range of financial products and services to individual and corporate customers who are primarily located in Chile. Accordingly, our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to achieve our strategic business goals could be adversely affected by changes in Chile’s economic conditions and the resulting effects on macroeconomic indicators (such as interest rates, inflation and GDP growth, among others), modifications of non-economic policies implemented by the Chilean government that can affect private sector activities, or other political and economic developments in Chile, as well as regulatory changes or administrative practices of Chilean authorities. Future changes in the Chilean economy may impair our ability to proceed with our strategic business plan. Our financial condition and results of operations could also be adversely affected by changes in economic or other policies of the Chilean government, which has exercised and continues to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector, or other political and economic developments in Chile, as well as regulatory changes or administrative practices of Chilean authorities, over which we have no control. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Chile—Inflation could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and financial condition and results of operations” and “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Chile—Our growth and profitability depend on the level of economic activity in Chile.”

After a period of accelerated growth between 1985 and 1997, when Chile’s gross domestic product grew at an average annual rate of 6.8%, Chile’s economic growth slowed to an average rate of 4.7% between 2000 and 2008. Since 2008 the Chilean economy has faced difficult and volatile circumstances, ranging from a global economic slowdown caused by the United States’ subprime mortgage crisis, to the worst earthquake reported in over 50 years in Chile. However, the country has been able to cope with this challenging environment and maintain sustained growth, with annual GDP expansion rates of 5.8% for 2010 and 5.9% for 2011. Thus, based on its stable financial condition that is supported by an independently managed Central Bank, accumulated international reserves, well-diversified international trade and an internationally recognized responsible fiscal policy, the country has been able to overcome these challenges and achieve outstanding economic growth amid a global economy that is still coping with recession and high unemployment, especially in developed countries.

 

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During 2012, the Chilean economy maintained an expansion rate of approximately 5.6%, which was consistent with 5.8% and 5.9% for 2010 and 2011, respectively. Economic growth in Chile was also reflected in the 7.1% increase in aggregate demand due to strong private consumption and investment.

Private consumption in Chile also recorded a 6.1% annual growth that was supported by positive predictions for the economy’s outlook related to indicators linked to the labor market, such as an historical low unemployment rate that averaged 6.4% in 2012 and a 4.7% annual increase in real wages.

Similarly, investment posted an unexpectedly high growth rate of 12.3% in 2012. This expansion is especially remarkable, since investment is sensitive to global instabilities and reflects entrepreneurs’ business sentiment. Conversely, the main fundamentals that upheld this annual growth were investment in construction, as well as in machinery and equipment, all of which showed significant resilience. Whereas the former posted an annual increase of 9.0% and was mainly associated with the dynamism observed in the local real estate sector, the latter recorded 17.4% annual growth that was supported by positive business sentiment of companies and increasing investment projects in the mining and energy sectors.

Despite the important expansion in aggregate demand, inflation remained under control by recording a 1.5% annual increase, which was below preliminary market expectations and also under the Central Bank’s mid-term goal range. It also represented the lowest figure since the deflation observed in 2009. This unexpected moderate increase in prices took place in spite of the positive variation in seven out of the twelve categories that compose the CPI basket, especially in food. Nevertheless, prices associated with transportation declined, mainly due to the decrease in international oil prices. The latter was supplemented by decreases in clothing, utilities, and entertainment and culture prices.

As a result, based on tempered inflation and a weak external environment, the Chilean Central Bank maintained a neutral bias in policy actions during 2012 by keeping the monetary policy interest rate unchanged at 5.0% throughout the whole year. The Central Bank’s assessment about the Chilean economy was positive, in general, though it recognized some concerns regarding financial instabilities and the economic slowdown globally. Also, the Central Bank stated that, despite low inflation, the local economy evolved according to mid-term trends and a dynamic labor market. As of April 15, 2013 the monetary policy interest rate was 5.0%

As for the stock market, 2012 was not a very positive year. In fact, based on persistent global instabilities and low returns that led investors to seek alternative investments, such as the real estate sector, the IPSA index only advanced by 3.0% annually and closed 2012 slightly above 4,300 points. As of April 15, 2013 the IPSA index was at 4,230 points.

Inflation

Historically, Chile has experienced high levels of inflation that have significantly affected our financial condition and results of operations. Over the last three years, inflation has been conditioned on local economic dynamics. In fact, due to the slowdown in the global and local economy, during 2009 inflation turned negative and closed the year with a deflation of 1.4%. Conversely, throughout 2010, inflation returned to more normal levels and was within the long-term range of 2.0% to 4.0% per year targeted by the Central Bank, ending the year at 3.0%. After that, stimulative economic activity—led by private consumption—and high international prices of oil and food fostered inflation of 4.4% in 2011. During the year ended December 31, 2012, inflation was 1.5%, as measured by the CPI published by the Chilean National Statistics Institute. This figure was below initial expectations and it was mainly explained by a decrease in international oil prices that translated into lower local prices for transportation and utilities. Decreasing prices in these sectors more than offset higher food prices.

An increase in inflation rates could adversely affect the Chilean economy and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our results of operations reflect the effect of inflation in the following ways:

 

 

a substantial portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in UFs, a unit that is indexed daily to reflect inflation recorded in the previous month, with the net gain or loss resulting from such indexation reflected in income; and

 

 

the interest rates earned and paid on peso-denominated assets and liabilities to some degree reflect inflation and expectations regarding inflation.

 

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UF-Denominated Assets and Liabilities. The UF is revalued in monthly cycles. On each day in the period beginning the tenth day of the current month through the ninth day of the next month, the nominal peso value of the UF is indexed up (or down in the event of deflation) in order to reflect each day a pro rata amount of the prior calendar month’s change in the CPI as published by the Chilean National Statistics Institute. One UF was equal to Ch$22,294.03 as of December 31, 2011 and Ch$22,840.75 as of December 31, 2012. The effect of any changes in the nominal peso value of our UF-denominated assets and liabilities is reflected in our results of operations as an increase (or decrease, in the event of deflation) in interest revenue and expense. Our net interest income will be positively affected by inflation (and negatively affected by deflation) to the extent that our average UF-denominated assets exceed our average UF-denominated liabilities, while our net interest income will be negatively affected by inflation (and positively affected by deflation) when average UF-denominated liabilities exceed our average UF-denominated assets. Our average UF-denominated assets exceeded our average UF-denominated liabilities by Ch$3,447,229 million (U.S.$6,634.84 million) during the year ended December 31, 2011 and Ch$3,900,986 million (U.S.$8,136.04 million) as of December 31, 2012. These figures exclude capital, reserves and derivatives. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information.”

Peso-Denominated Assets and Liabilities. Interest rates in Chile tend to reflect the rate of inflation during the relevant period and expectations regarding future inflation. The sensitivity of our peso-denominated interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities to the inflation rate varies. See “—Interest Rates.” We maintain a substantial amount of non-interest bearing, peso-denominated current accounts and other demand deposits. The ratio of such deposits to average interest bearing peso-denominated liabilities was 64% during the year ended December 31, 2011 and 62% during the year ended December 31, 2012. Since a large part of such deposits are not indexed to inflation, even a slight decline in the rate of inflation may adversely affect our net interest margin on assets funded with such deposits and even a slight increase in the rate of inflation may increase the net interest margin on such assets. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Interest Earning Assets and Net Interest Margin.”

Interest Rates

Interest rates earned and paid on our assets and liabilities reflect in part, inflation and expectations regarding future inflation, shifts in short-term interest rates related to the Central Bank’s monetary policies and movements in long-term real rates. The Central Bank manages short-term interest rates based on its objectives of balancing low inflation and economic growth. As a consequence of strong recovery signs for the economic activity and the more normalized inflationary environment, the Central Bank began to withdraw the monetary stimulus in June 2010, when it increased the monetary policy annual interest rate to 1.00% from the 0.5% maintained during the first half of that year. Since June 2010, the Central Bank has repeatedly raised the monetary policy interest rate, ending 2011 at 5.25% from the 3.25% recorded in December 2010. Nevertheless, as a consequence of the tempered global slowdown during the last quarter of 2011 and the uncertainty regarding the fiscal condition of some developed countries, the Chilean Central Bank decided to lower the reference interest rate by 0.25% on January 12, 2012.

Similarly, based on low inflation, increasing real wages and low unemployment, that resulted in higher than expected economic activity, the Chilean Central Bank decided to maintain the monetary policy interest rate steady at 5.00% during all of 2012. As of April 15, 2013 the monetary policy interest rate was 5.0%.

Since our liabilities generally re-price faster than our assets, changes in the rate of inflation or short-term interest rates are reflected in the interest rates we pay on our liabilities before they are reflected in the interest rates we earn on our assets. Accordingly, our net interest margin on assets and liabilities is usually adversely affected in the short-term by increases in inflation or short-term interest rates and benefits in the short-term from decreases in inflation or short-term interest rates, although the existence of non-interest bearing peso-denominated demand deposits tends to mitigate both effects. See “—Inflation—Peso-Denominated Assets and Liabilities.” In addition, because our peso-denominated liabilities have relatively short re-pricing periods, those liabilities generally are more sensitive to changes in inflation or short-term interest rates than our UF-denominated liabilities. As a result, during periods when current inflation exceeds the previous month’s inflation, customers often switch funds from peso-denominated deposits to more expensive UF-denominated deposits, thereby adversely affecting our net interest margin.

 

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According to information published by the Central Bank, the average annual short-term nominal interest rate, based on the rate paid by Chilean financial institutions for 90 to 360-day Chilean peso-denominated deposits, was 5.61% in 2011 and 5.90% in 2012. The average annual long-term nominal interest rate, based on the interest rate of the Central Bank’s five-year Chilean peso-denominated bonds, was 5.67% in 2011 and 5.26% in 2012.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates

A significant portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies, principally U.S. dollars, and we have historically maintained and may continue to maintain gaps between the balances of such assets and liabilities. This gap includes assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and assets and liabilities denominated in Chilean pesos that contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Because foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, as well as interest earned or paid on such assets and liabilities and gains (losses) realized upon the sale of such assets, are translated into pesos in preparing our audited consolidated financial statements, our reported income is affected by changes in the value of the peso with respect to foreign currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar. Adjustments to U.S. dollar-indexed assets are reflected as adjustments in net interest earnings and offset results in our foreign exchange position.

Critical Accounting Policies

We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The notes to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012, which are included in this annual report, contain a summary of our significant accounting policies.

The preparation of financial statements under IFRS requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions, as some of the amounts reported in the financial statements are related to matters that are inherently uncertain. These estimates could change from period to period, which may have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Actual results may differ if conditions or underlying circumstances were to change.

The following discussion describes those areas that require considerable management judgment or involve a higher degree of complexity in the application of the accounting policies that currently affect our financial situation and results of operations.

Allowances for Loan Losses

Determining accounting estimates and judgments related to the impairment of loans and provision for off-balance sheet positions is a critical process for us because the underlying assumptions used for both the individually and collectively assessed impairment can change from period to period and may significantly affect our results of operations.

As part of this process, we first assess whether objective evidence of impairment exists for loans that are individually significant. The decision as to whether loans are individually significant or not is based on fixed criteria specified by management. The determination of these criteria involves management’s judgment and is regularly reviewed for adequacy. After this assessment, we assess collectively for loans that are not individually significant and loans which are significant but for which there is no objective evidence of impairment under the individual assessment.

The determination of the impairment allowance required for loans that are deemed to be individually significant often requires the use of considerable judgment by management on economic conditions, the financial performance of the customer and the value of collateral, for which there may not be a readily accessible market. To allow management to determine if a loss event has occurred on an individual basis, all significant counterparty relationships are reviewed periodically. This evaluation considers current information and events related to the counterparty, such as if the counterparty is experiencing significant financial difficulty or a breach of contract, for example, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments.

 

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From the information gathered in the process described above, we estimate the future cash flows expected to flow to the entity considering the losses already incurred. The actual amount and timing of future cash flows may differ from the estimates used by management and consequently may cause actual losses to differ from the reported allowances. We utilize back testing techniques in order to optimize our models and minimize such adjustments.

The collective impairment allowance is calculated on a portfolio basis using statistical models which incorporate various estimates and judgments. In order to constantly monitor and increase the quality of such estimations of future cash flows, we regularly review our statistical models and the underlying data and assumptions. Among other factors, the probability of defaults and loss recovery rates are taken into account during this review.

The collective impairment allowance has two components.

The first component is an allowance amount representing the incurred losses on the portfolio of smaller balance homogeneous loans, which are loans to individuals and small business customers of the retail business segment. The loans are grouped according to similar credit risk characteristics and the allowance for each group is determined using statistical models based on historical experience.

The second component represents an estimate of incurred losses inherent in the group of loans that have not yet been individually identified as impaired or measured as part of the smaller-balance homogeneous loans. We use historical loss experience for these estimates. This historical loss experience is adjusted on the basis of actual observable data to reflect the effects of current conditions that did not affect the period on which the historical loss experience is based and to remove the effects of conditions in the historical period that do not exist currently. Estimates of changes in future cash flows reflect, and are directionally consistent with, changes in related observable data from period to period (e.g., changes in unemployment rates, property prices, payment status or other factors that are indicative of incurred losses in the group and their magnitude).

For a further description of our policy regarding allowances for loan losses, see note 2(h) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Impairment of Other Financial Instruments

Equity method investments and financial assets classified as available for sale are evaluated for impairment throughout the year and at each reporting date in order to assess whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets are impaired. If there is objective evidence of an impairment of an asset, an impairment test is performed by comparing the investments’ recoverable amount, which is the higher of its value in use and fair value less costs to sell, with its carrying amount.

In the case of equity investments classified as available for sale, objective evidence of impairment would include a significant or prolonged decline in fair value of the investment below cost. It could also include specific conditions in an industry or geographical area or specific information regarding the financial condition of the company, such as a credit rating downgrade. In the case of debt securities classified as available for sale, impairment is assessed based on the same criteria as for loans.

If information becomes available after we make our evaluation, we may be required to recognize impairment in the future. Because the estimate for impairment could change from period to period based upon future events that may or may not occur, we consider this to be a critical accounting estimate.

Fair Value Estimates for Financial Assets and Liabilities

International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 39.9 defines “fair value” as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction. We use valuation techniques to establish the fair value of instruments in cases where prices quoted in active markets are not available. The chosen valuation technique makes maximum use of observable market data, relies as little as possible on estimates performed by us, incorporates factors that market participants would consider in setting a price and is consistent with accepted methodologies for pricing financial instruments. Where possible, parameter inputs used in valuation techniques are based on observable data derived from prices of relevant instruments traded in an active market.

 

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Inputs used in valuation techniques represent reasonable market expectations and include risk and return factors that are inherent to the financial instrument. Periodically, we calibrate our valuation techniques and test them for validity using prices from observable current market transactions over the same instrument or based on any available observable market data.

In reaching estimates of fair value, significant management judgment may be required. The level of management judgment required to establish fair value of financial instruments for which there is a quoted price in an active market is minimal. Similarly, there is little subjectivity or judgment required for instruments valued using valuation models that are standard across the industry and where all parameter inputs are quoted in active markets. However, the level of subjectivity and, therefore, the degree of management judgment required, is more significant for those instruments valued using specialized models and those where some or all of the parameter inputs are not observable. In our fair value hierarchy, these financial instruments are classified as level 3. These instruments are valued based on quoted prices for similar instruments, which require adjustments or significant unobservable assumptions to reflect the differences between such similar instruments and the ones valued. For a further description of our internal fair value classification, see note 39 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Management judgment is required in the selection and application of appropriate parameters, assumptions and modeling techniques. In cases where different valuation techniques indicate a range of possible fair values for an instrument, management must determine what point within the range of estimates best represents fair value. Furthermore, some valuation adjustments may require the exercise of management judgment to ensure fair value is reached.

Revenue Recognition

Interest revenue and expenses are recognized in the income statement using the effective interest rate method set forth in IAS 39. To calculate the effective interest rate, we estimate future cash flows by taking into account all contractual conditions of the financial instrument, excluding future credit losses. The estimation of such future cash flows requires management judgment to some degree. In addition, the analysis of contractual conditions and other components (such as transaction costs) for purposes of determining the effective interest rate involves making estimates of possibly incurred but not recognized credit losses. See “—Allowances for loan losses.”

Income and expenses from fees and commissions are recognized in the consolidated income using different criteria based on the nature of the income or expense in accordance with IAS 18 and IAS 39. Fees earned from transactions or services provided over a longer period of time are recognized over the life of the transactions or services. The revenue recognition of fees from such transactions requires management judgment to some degree. Due to the nature of business from which we derive fees and commissions (e.g., asset management, custody of assets), the required degree of estimation is small.

Deferred Tax Assets

Deferred tax is recognized, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the financial statements. Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be recognized. This assessment requires significant management judgments and assumptions. In order to estimate the recoverability of deferred tax assets, we consider historical tax capacity and profitability information, as well as forecasted operating results and other relevant considerations.

Legal and Regulatory Contingencies and Tax Risks

Legal claims, regulatory proceedings and income tax provisions for uncertain tax positions may occur. The use of estimates is important in determining provisions for potential losses that may arise from such events. We estimate and provide for potential losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings and uncertain income tax positions to the extent that such losses are possible and can be estimated, in accordance with IAS 37

 

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(“Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”) and IAS 12 (“Income Taxes”). Significant judgment is required in making these estimates and our actual liabilities may ultimately be materially different. Contingencies in respect of legal matters are subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance.

Our total liability with respect to litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case basis and represents an estimate of probable losses after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case, our experience and the experience of others in similar cases, and the opinions and views of legal counsel. Predicting the outcome of our litigation matters is inherently difficult, particularly in cases in which claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages.

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

The consolidated financial information presented in this section for years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 has been audited and prepared in accordance with IFRS. In addition, to the extent that it is available and is useful in analyzing our results, we have included information broken down by the business segments that we use for internal reporting purposes. As mentioned earlier, information about our business segments is reported under our internal reporting policies that differ in some extent from IFRS.

Net Income

The following table sets forth the principal components of our net income, as detailed in our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2010     2011     2012     2010/2011     2011/2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)        

Net interest income

     767,626        877,475        964,137        14.3     9.9

Net fees and commissions income

     292,262        308,773        307,257        5.6        (0.5

Other income (loss), net

     104,509        74,863        72,222        (28.4     (3.5

Provisions for loan losses

     (157,651     (146,925     (166,420     (6.8     13.3   

Operating expenses

     (544,227     (613,611     (635,119     12.7        3.5   

Income attributable to associates

     1,609        3,054        (468     89.8        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     464,128        503,629        541,609        8.5        7.5   

Income taxes

     (46,513     (65,442     (63,488     40.7        (3.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

     417,615        438,187        478,121        4.9     9.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

2011 and 2012. Our net income was Ch$478,121 million in 2012, which represents an 9.1% increase over the figure recorded a year earlier. Our net income for 2012 represents a historical record for us, which is especially notable in light of the low inflationary environment observed in 2012 and its effect on our net asset position indexed to inflation. The main drivers that influenced the net income increase were, as follows:

 

 

Strong annual growth in our loan book, especially in the more profitable segments, such as individual (personal) and SME banking. Overall, the average balance of total loans increased 13.5% in 2012, which was composed of 17.1% and 10.5% increases in the average balances of total loans in our retail (individuals and SMEs) and wholesale (large companies and corporations) banking segments, respectively. The annual expansion in the average balance of total loans was also accompanied by a slight increase in lending spreads.

 

 

Our leading market position in non-interest bearing current accounts and demand deposits, reflected in a 10.5% annual increase in average balances, was supplemented by nominal interest rates that were slightly above 2011 figures due to a monetary policy interest rate that averaged 5.0% in 2012 as compared to an average of 4.7% in 2011. All in all, income attributable to this funding source increased in 2012 when compared to 2011.

 

 

A decrease in income taxes due to the tax benefits associated with deferred taxes that were caused by the tax reform passed in 2012. This reform increased the Chilean corporate tax rate that was originally set at 18.5% for 2012 (and 17.0% from 2013) to 20.0% for 2012 and thereafter. This resulted in a one-time positive effect of approximately Ch$9,029 million in deferred taxes.

 

 

Higher revenues from trading in fixed-income and derivative securities, which allowed as to offset lower income from the management of our available-for-sale portfolio.

 

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The drivers behind the increase in net income also effectively offset some of the negative forces that affected our business operations in 2012, including: (i) inflation that remained below market expectations and CPI variation in 2011, which negatively impacted the contribution to our UF net asset position, (ii) a flattened yield curve that reduced the possibilities of term spread arbitrage (term gapping), (iii) a 13.3% increase in provisions for loan losses due to the loan book expansion, particularly in the retail banking segment, and a moderate deterioration in credit quality across the industry, especially during the first half of 2012, and (iv) a 0.5% drop in fees and commissions, which nevertheless continued to be a stable source of revenues, primarily based on fee income from core business items that allowed us to offset a decrease in fees from specialized services during 2012.

2010 and 2011. Our net income increased 4.9% annual increase, which was the result of:

 

 

Our market leading position in non-interest bearing liabilities, such as current accounts and demand deposits, that, along with higher nominal interest rates as compared to 2010, translated into a contribution from assets funded with these kinds of liabilities.

 

 

An outstanding commercial performance that is reflected by our average balance of total loans that amounted to Ch$15,901 billion in 2011, which represents a yearly growth of 17.3%. This significant increase enabled us to more than offset the lower lending spreads witnessed by the banking industry, which is in line with a local economy that showed a consistent growth—especially during the first half of 2011—and lower credit risk levels.

 

 

Net fees and commissions that grew by 5.6% on a yearly basis. Despite the moderate annual increase, this line item remains a significant revenue source, due to the significant contributions from our subsidiaries that provide our customers with specialized financial services, as well as our efforts intended to offer value-added financial products and services.

 

 

Provisions for loan losses that recorded an annual decrease of 6.8%. This improvement in credit quality was spurred by better conditions in the local economy that positively impacted unemployment and real salary figures, all of which resulted in higher customer payment capacity. This macroeconomic scenario was supplemented by continuously improving credit processes, including better evaluation, approval, supervision and collection. It is important to mention that this annual decrease took place in spite of the significant growth recorded in total loans.

All of these factors were partly offset by higher operating expenses that were the result of increased personnel and administrative expenses. Whereas the former increased as a result of the collective bargaining process carried out by us and our unions, our administrative expenses increased as a consequence of higher outsourced sales force expenses, expenses associated with an enlarged and improved distribution network, additional IT and communication expenses and marketing initiatives put into practice in order to reinforce our market position and promote the launch of new products and services. In addition, the previously mentioned positive factors enabled us to offset a 28.4% annual decrease in other operating income, mostly associated with lower results from derivative contracts and reduced gains associated with our investment portfolio.

Net Interest Income

The tables included under the headings “—Interest Revenue” and “—Interest Expense” set forth information regarding our consolidated interest revenue and expenses and average interest earning assets and average interest bearing liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012. This information is derived from tables included elsewhere in this annual report under “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information” and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such information.

 

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     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2010     2011     2012     2010/2011     2011/2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Interest revenue

   Ch$ 1,092,003      Ch$ 1,501,684      Ch$ 1,672,766        37.5     11.4

Interest expense

     (324,377     (624,209     (708,629     92.4        13.5   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

   Ch$ 767,626      Ch$ 877,475      Ch$ 964,137        14.3     9.9
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest margin(1)(2)

     4.87     4.80     4.68     —          —     

 

(1) Net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. The average balances for interest-earning assets, including interest readjustments, were calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries
(2) Net interest margin does not include the interest earned on trading securities, which is accounted for under Other Income (Loss) Net.

2011 and 2012. In 2012 our net interest income totaled Ch$964,137 million, which represented a 9.9% increase from Ch$877,475 million in 2011. This annual increment was largely supported by:

 

 

Average balance of our total loans that grew by 13.5% on an annual basis. This increase was primarily caused by average balances of retail banking segment loans that recorded a 17.1% annual expansion and, to a lesser extent, loans granted to our wholesale banking segment whose average balances went up by 10.5% in annual terms. This greater business scale, together with slightly higher lending spreads, translated into an increase in revenues from loans of approximately Ch$78,360 million in 2012 as compared to 2011.

 

 

Current accounts and demand deposits that continue to be an important and attractive funding source for our operations, based on average balances that increased 10.5% in 2012 and a monetary policy interest rate that remained at 5.0% in 2012 as compared to an average of 4.7% in 2011. These factors resulted in higher revenues from current accounts and demand deposits of approximately Ch$31,650 million in 2012 as compared to 2011.

The above-mentioned factors were strongly linked to our core business activities and allowed us to effectively offset the negative impact of lower inflation on the UF net asset position. In 2012, the contribution of our UF net asset position decreased Ch$34,960 million as compared to 2011, due to a combination of: (i) inflation that (measured as UF variation) increased 2.5% in comparison with 3.9% a year earlier, (ii) higher nominal interest rates in 2012 that translated into an increased funding cost for the portion of such assets that is financed with Chilean peso liabilities, and (iii) a positive effect associated with a reinforced capital base caused by both higher net income and the capital increase we undertook by the end of the year. In addition, flattened yield curves also contributed to a lower net interest income by reducing term gapping possibilities.

The 9.9% annual increase in net interest income, together with a proportionally higher annual increase of 12.7% in average interest earning assets, resulted in a slight annual decrease in our net interest margin (on average interest earning assets) from 4.80% in 2011 to 4.68% in 2012.

2010 and 2011. Our net interest income recorded a 14.3% annual increase, from Ch$767,626 million in 2010 to Ch$877,475 million in 2011. The main factors that supported this rise were:

 

 

Our leading market position in current accounts and demand deposits within a scenario of higher nominal interest rates. The combination of these factors enabled us to obtain a higher contribution—approximately Ch$50,800 million as compared to 2010—from these non-interest bearing demand deposits that fund a significant portion of our interest-earning assets.

 

 

Higher inflation—fostered by higher local aggregate demand and higher international commodity prices—that resulted in a 3.9% UF variation in 2011 as compared to the 2.4% recorded in 2010. This issue, along with the proactive management of our UF net asset position, resulted in roughly Ch$24,800 million of additional income.

 

 

Higher demand for credit, prompted by a positive economic cycle. The high GDP growth recorded by the local economy, especially during the first half of 2011, translated into lower unemployment and growing real salaries. Under this scenario and also due to still attractive interest rates, individuals increased their consumption, while companies undertook investment projects that had been postponed as a consequence of the economic crisis. As a result, we achieved outstanding double-digit growth rates in commercial,

 

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residential mortgage, and consumer loans, which enabled us to more than offset the downward trend in lending spreads, in line with a highly competitive business environment and lower credit risk. The net effect of these factors translated into approximately an increase in income of Ch$17,800 million compared to 2010.

Interest Revenue

The following table sets forth information regarding our interest revenue and average interest earning assets for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
     2010     2011     2012     2010/2011     2011/2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Interest revenue

   Ch$ 1,092,003      Ch$ 1,501,684      Ch$ 1,672,766        37.5     11.4

Average interest earning assets:

          

Commercial loans

     8,863,082        10,332,183        11,476,946        16.6        11.1   

Residential mortgage loans

     2,698,384        3,233,830        3,924,080        19.8        21.3   

Consumer loans

     1,997,400        2,334,914        2,654,234        16.9        13.7   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

     13,558,866        15,900,927        18,055,260        17.3     13.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and due from banks

     283,841        334,991        370,298        18.0        10.5   

Repurchase agreements

     74,471        85,087        42,109        14.3        (50.5

Financial investments

     1,519,808        1,562,251        1,748,349        2.8        11.9   

Loans and advance to banks

     339,844        393,579        381,578        15.8        (3.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 15,776,830      Ch$ 18,276,835      Ch$ 20,597,594        15.8     12.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average rates earned on total interest earning assets(1)(2):

          

Average nominal rates

     7.09     8.31     8.21     —          —     

 

(1) See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities.”
(2) Average rates earned on interest earning assets do not include the interest earned on trading securities, which is accounted for under Other Income (Loss) Net.

2011 and 2012. The 11.4% annual increase in our interest revenue was mainly fostered by a 12.7% annual increase in average interest earning assets that, in turn, was primarily prompted by a 13.5% annual growth in the average balance of total loans, especially those associated with our retail banking segment (e.g. residential mortgage and consumer loans granted to individuals, as well as commercial loans granted to SMEs). These positive factors allowed us to effectively offset the negative effect of a 1.4% drop in the UF (from 3.9% in 2011 to 2.5% in 2012) that negatively impacted the contribution of our UF-denominated assets. On the whole, the yield of our average interest earning assets decreased 10 bp, from 8.31% in 2011 to 8.21% in 2012.

2010 and 2011. Our interest revenue recorded a significant 37.5% increase in 2011, which was principally due to: (i) higher nominal interest rates as a result of a higher reference interest rate that increased from 3.25% as of December 31, 2010 to 5.25% as of December 31, 2011 in line with the Central Bank’s efforts to maintain inflation in the target range and (ii) a 15.8% yearly growth in our average interest earning assets, mainly fostered by the significant 17.3% annual rise posted by our average balance of total loans. These two factors allowed us to maintain an upward trend in the yield of our average interest earning assets, increasing from 7.09% in 2010 to 8.31% in 2011.

 

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Interest Expense

The following table sets forth information regarding our interest expense and average interest bearing liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
     2010     2011     2012     2010/2011     2011/2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Interest expense

   Ch$ 324,377      Ch$ 624,209      Ch$ 708,629        92.4     13.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average interest-bearing liabilities:

          

Saving accounts and time deposits(1)

     7,382,126        8,450,231        9,380,123        14.5        11.0   

Securities under agreements to repurchase

     182,956        218,847        286,944        19.6        31.1   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     1,365,835        1,715,417        1,435,362        25.6        (16.3

Debt issued

     1,660,440        1,994,679        2,838,170        20.1        42.3   

Other financial obligations

     132,200        168,858        170,977        27.7        1.3   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 10,723,557      Ch$ 12,548,032      Ch$ 14,111,576        17.0     12.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average rates paid on total interest bearing liabilities(2):

          

Average nominal rates

     3.03     4.97     5.02     —       

Average (Chilean peso-denominated) non-interest bearing current account and demand deposits

     4,085,800        4,540,335        4,926,475        11.1     8.5

 

(1) Includes interest-earning demand deposits.
(2) See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities.”

2011 and 2012. Our net interest expense recorded a 13.5% annual increase, from Ch$624,209 million in 2011 to Ch$708,629 million in 2012, which was higher than the increase experienced by our interest revenue. The increase in interest expense was mainly prompted by: (i) higher nominal interest rates paid by banks on short-term deposits in 2012 as compared to 2011 that were supplemented by an 11.0% annual increase in the average balances of savings accounts and time deposits, and (ii) a funding structure that has increasingly incorporated long-term funding sources, especially funds associated with international and local debt placements. As for the latter, our balance of debt issued went up 42.3% in 2012 as compared to 2011. All of the previously mentioned factors resulted in a 5 bp increase in cost of funding from interest bearing liabilities from 4.97% in 2011 to 5.02% in 2012.

2010 and 2011. Our interest expense recorded a 92.4% increase in 2011 as compared to 2010. This increase was the result of higher nominal interest rates in 2011 as compared to 2010, as well as an inflation that surpassed last year’s figure, due to the improved aggregate demand that encouraged the Central Bank to gradually withdraw the monetary stimulus during the first half of 2011. These effects increased our cost of funding from interest bearing liabilities and were amplified by average interest bearing liabilities that recorded a 17.0% increase.

 

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Net Fees and Commissions Income

The following table sets forth certain components of our fees and commissions income (net of fees paid to third parties that provide support for those services) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2010     2011     2012     2010/2011     2011/2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Mutual funds

   Ch$ 61,476      Ch$ 63,809      Ch$ 56,043        3.8     (12.2 )% 

Insurance

     49,170        59,171        60,481        20.3        2.2   

Current accounts, overdrafts, credit lines and credit cards

     72,392        76,121        81,427        5.2        7.0   

Sight accounts and ATMs

     21,225        26,028        28,521        22.6        9.6   

Stock brokerage

     23,752        21,246        10,236        (10.6     (51.8

Collection of over-due loans

     17,870        18,144        20,670        1.5        13.9   

Cash management services

     13,715        13,746        14,443        0.2        5.1   

Letters of credit, guarantees, collateral and other contingent loans

     14,290        11,885        13,038        (16.8     9.7   

Custody and trust services

     4,838        5,695        6,671        17.7        17.1   

Foreign trade and currency exchange

     4,971        5,387        6,005        8.4        11.5   

Financial advisory services

     4,800        3,186        3,955        (33.6     24.1   

Credits and factoring

     5,932        4,476        4,562        (24.5     1.9   

Collection services

     1,303        1,227        1,155        (5.8     (5.9

Teller services expenses

     (2,054     (1,020     143        (50.3     (114.0

Credit pre-evaluation services

     (1,821     (2,613     (2,223     43.5        (14.9

Other

     403        2,285        2,130        467.0        (6.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 292,262      Ch$ 308,773      Ch$ 307,257        5.6     (0.5 )% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

2011 and 2012. Our net fees and commissions experienced a slight 0.5% annual decrease, from Ch$308,773 million in 2011 to Ch$307,257 million in 2012. This line item has proven to be a stable source of operating revenue primarily based on fee income from our core and traditional business, which has enabled us to offset lower fee income from specialized financial services. The slight annual decrease in net fees and commissions is explained by:

 

 

A decrease in fees and commissions from activities related to specialized financial services, such as securities brokerage and mutual funds, caused by investors that sought havens in fixed-income securities amid still uncertain stock markets and reduced opportunities for obtaining short-term profits. Accordingly, stock brokerage fees suffered a 51.8% (or Ch$11,010 million) annual decrease due to a 40.8% annual contraction in stock trading turnover for transactions handled by our securities brokerage subsidiary. Similarly, fees and commissions from mutual funds management decreased 12.2% (or Ch$7,766 million), mainly due to portfolios that were rebalanced towards fixed-income securities by their holders.

 

 

Higher fees and commissions associated with traditional or core banking business, which almost completely offset the decrease in net fees and commissions from specialized services, as mentioned above. In this regard, we experienced an increase in commissions income from transactional services and payment channels, such as the increase of 7.0% (or Ch$5,306 million) in fee income from current accounts, overdrafts, credit lines and credit cards, as well as a 9.6% (or Ch$2,493) increase in fee income from sight accounts and ATMs in 2012 as compared to 2011. These factors are consistent with the economic cycle that was characterized by low unemployment, rising real salaries and higher household spending, as well as a higher penetration of our banking services (specifically payment channels) in the lower and middle income segments.

 

 

Our expansion in transactional services and loans that resulted in higher fees and commissions income from collection of overdue loans and insurance brokerage services. Whereas fee income from collection of overdue loans increased 13.9% (or Ch$2,526 million) on an annual basis, fees and commissions related to our insurance brokerage activities increased by 2.2% (or Ch$1,310 million) in 2012 as compared to 2011.

 

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2010 and 2011. During 2011 our net fees and commissions accounted to Ch$308,773 million, which is 5.6% above the figure posted a year earlier. This annual increment was the result of:

 

 

A 20.3% increase (or Ch$10,001 million) in fees and commissions associated with our insurance brokerage business, mainly as a result of the more dynamic commercial activity, prompted by higher aggregate consumption.

 

 

Annual growth of 22.6% (or Ch$4,803 million) in net fees and commissions related to sight accounts and ATM usage, explained by increased consumption. Also, worth noting are our efforts to launch new products that promote the use of sight accounts and our ATM network, such as RedGiro and Cuenta Móvil.

 

 

Net fees and commissions associated with current accounts, credit lines, overdrafts and credit cards that increased by 5.2% (or Ch$3,729 million). This increase was mainly fostered by an annual increase of 25.3% in commissions from credit cards that reflects the commercial initiatives we have implemented in order to reinforce the use of this payment channel.

 

 

A 3.8% annual growth (or Ch$2,333 million) in fees and commissions associated with our mutual funds business due to a higher average yield and despite a 3.1% annual decrease recorded in assets under management.

The above was partly offset by net fees and commissions from stock brokerage and financial advisory services that decreased by 10.6% (or Ch$2,506 million) and 33.6% (or Ch$1,614 million), respectively. Whereas we witnessed lower activity in financial advisory services, mostly in debt restructuring, our stock brokerage business was affected by lower stock trading turnover during the second half of 2011, as a result of the volatility and uncertainty in the global and local stock markets that encouraged investors to seek refuge in fixed-income securities, which offered high yields in the local market.

Other Income (Loss), Net

Other income (loss), net, consists of net gains and losses from financial operating income, net gains and losses from foreign exchange transactions and other operating income. Financial operating income results include gains and losses realized on the sale of securities, gains and losses from the mark to market of securities and interest rate and currency derivatives at the end of the period. Net gains and losses from foreign exchange transactions include gains and losses realized upon the sale of foreign currency and foreign exchange derivatives and gains and losses arising from the period-end translation of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities into pesos. Foreign exchange results also include net adjustments on U.S. dollar-indexed domestic currency transactions and existing interest rate differences in currency derivatives.

 

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The following table sets forth certain components of our other income (loss), net, for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2010     2011     2012     2010/2011     2011/2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Net financial operating income

          

Interest accrued on trading securities

   Ch$ 9,119      Ch$ 10,366        10,683        13.7     3.1

Gains on sales and mark to market

     31,536        6,353        8,497        (79.9     33.7   

Gains (losses) on derivatives contracts

     (23,342     40,024        (3,001     —          —     

Gains (losses) from sales of loans

     (150     1,358        20        —          (98.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net financial operating (loss) income

     17,163        58,101        16,199        —          (72.1

Foreign exchange transactions, net

     63,762        (7,973     35,136        —          —     

Other operating income

     23,584        24,735        20,887        4.9        (15.6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 104,509      Ch$ 74,863        72,222        (28.4 )%      (3.5 )% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

2011 and 2012. Our other income (loss) net recorded a 3.7% annual increase, from Ch$74,863 million in 2011 to Ch$77,650 million in 2012. This increase was mainly caused by results from the management of the investment portfolio that recorded a 6.2% annual increase, from Ch$18,077 in 2011 (including interest earned on trading securities of Ch$10,366 million, gains on sales and mark-to-market of Ch$6,353 million and gains from sales of loans of Ch$1,358 million) to Ch$19,200 in 2012 (including interest earned on trading securities of Ch$10,683 million, gains on sales and mark-to-market of Ch$8,497 million and gains from sales of loans of Ch$20 million). This increase was primarily due to our Treasury’s efforts to take advantage of trading opportunities in fixed income, which enabled us to effectively offset lower revenues from our available-for-sale portfolio as a result of reduced sales and the negative impact of low inflation on interest earned. Similarly, income from derivative contracts, net of foreign exchange transactions, recorded a slight 0.3% annual increase from Ch$32,051 million in 2011 (including gains on derivatives contracts of Ch$40,024 million and losses in foreign exchange transactions of Ch$7,973 million) to Ch$32,135 million (including losses on derivatives contracts of Ch$3,001 million and gains in foreign exchange transactions of Ch$35,136 million), mainly due to favorable market conditions at the close of certain positions that enabled us to efficiently offset a negative exchange rate effect on the hedge of our provisions for loan losses denominated in U.S.$, due to a 9.0% appreciation of the Chilean peso in relation to the US dollar in 2012 as compared to a 10.2% depreciation of the Chilean peso in 2011.

2010 and 2011. Our other income (loss) net recorded a 28.4% decrease, from Ch$104,509 million to Ch$74,863 million. This decrease was the result of a 55.4% decline, from Ch$40,505 million in 2010 (including interest earned on trading securities of Ch$9,119 million, gains on sales and mark-to-market of Ch$31,536 million and losses from sales of loans of Ch$150 million) to Ch$18,077 in 2011 (including interest earned on trading securities of Ch$10,366 million, gains on sales and mark-to-market of Ch$6,353 million and gains from sales of loans of Ch$1,358 million) million, in the income associated with our investment portfolio, mainly as a result of the sharp increase in interest rates in 2011 compared to 2010. In effect, due to the low interest rates in 2010 (and expectations of future increases) we sold a significant amount of fixed-income securities that translated into significant gains, which could not be repeated in 2011 due to the higher interest rates. These factors were supplemented by a decrease in gains from derivative contracts, net of foreign exchange transactions, from Ch$40,420 million in 2010 (including losses on derivatives contracts of Ch$23,342 million and gains in foreign exchange transactions of Ch$63,762 million) to Ch$32,051 million in 2011 (including gains on derivatives contracts of Ch$40,024 million and losses in foreign exchange transactions of Ch$7,973 million), mainly as a result of the decrease in the spread between local and foreign interest rates that constrained the possibility of arbitrage between local and foreign currency funding.

 

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Provisions for Loan Losses

We recognize allowances to cover possible credit losses in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. For statistical information with respect to our substandard loans and allowances for loan losses, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information” and Note 10(b) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012. According to regulations applicable to such periods, the amount of provisions charged to income in any period consists of net provisions for possible loan losses.

The following table sets forth information with respect to our provisions and allowances for loan losses and charge-offs for each of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2010     2011     2012     2010/2011     2011/2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Provisions:

          

Net provisions for loan losses

   Ch$ 157,651      Ch$ 146,925      Ch$ 166,420        (6.8 )%      13.3

Gross provisions for loan losses

     189,820        192,580        207,382        1.5        7.7   

Total loan loss recoveries

     32,169        45,655        40,962        41.9        (10.3

Charge-offs:

          

Total charge-offs

     149,093        177,960        182,733        19.4        2.7   

Net charge-offs

     116,924        132,305        141,771        13.2        7.2   

Other asset quality data:

          

Total loans

   Ch$ 14,377,995      Ch$ 17,386,497      Ch$ 18,771,761        20.9        8.0   

Allowances for loan losses

     348,027        362,741        387,803        4.2        6.9   

Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of total loans

     2.42     2.09     2.07     —          —     

Provisions for loan losses as a percentage of average loans

     1.16     0.92     0.92     —          —     

2011 and 2012. Our provisions for loan losses recorded a 13.3% annual increase, from Ch$146,925 million in 2011 to Ch$166,420 million in 2012. On the one hand, this increase is consistent with the expansion of our loan book and our strategic priorities intended to focus on the retail banking segment. On the other hand, the rise in provisions for loan losses is also explained by specific credit quality factors that loomed in the first half of 2012. Therefore, the main forces influencing our increase in provisions for loan losses were:

 

 

A volume effect associated with a 13.5% annual growth in the average balance of total loans that was primarily focused on expanding our presence in the retail bankings segment and, to a lesser extent, maintaining our leading position in the wholesale banking segment, all of which is in line with our strategic priorities.

 

 

A portfolio-mix effect, caused by a 17.1% annual increase in the average balance of retail banking loans compared to a 10.5% annual increase in average balances of wholesale banking loans, which—on average—should result in a moderately higher credit risk for our loan book

 

 

Moderate credit quality deterioration during the first half of 2012 that was caused by social and regulatory issues rather than economic forces and had industry-wide effects. This deterioration particularly affected loans granted by our retail banking segment, and as a result, we were even more cautious in managing our growth by tightening our credit–assessment procedures and enhancing our collection duties. This enabled us to temper the effects of the credit quality deterioration and return to mid-term past-due indicators as from the second quarter of 2012.

The above-mentioned factors were partially offset by a positive exchange rate effect on our provisions for loan losses linked to U.S. dollar-denominated credits, as a result of the 9.0% annual appreciation of the Chilean peso in relation to the U.S. dollar in 2012 as compared to the 10.2% depreciation of the Chilean peso in 2011.

 

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As for our credit quality indicators, in 2012 our ratio of provisions for loans losses as a percentage of average loans remained unchanged in 0.92%, which demonstrates that the growth in credit risk charges was consistent with the expansion of our loan book and remained under control.

2010 and 2011. Our provisions for loan losses recorded a 6.8% annual decrease, from Ch$157,651 million in 2010 to Ch$146,925 million in 2011. This variation corresponds to the improved economic scenario that benefited certain key macroeconomic indicators, such as unemployment and real salaries, all of which positively impacted our individual customers’ payment capacity. Similarly, the increasing aggregate demand caused an upturn in the commercial activity of Chilean companies, which translated into improved results of operations and a healthier financial condition. Worth mentioning is that the reduction in provisions for loan losses took place within a scenario of a growing loan portfolio, demonstrating the effectiveness of our credit processes, from assessment to collecting.

As mentioned, the decrease in provisions for loan losses was spurred by improved risk profiles of both, individuals and companies, which is reflected by:

 

 

An annual decrease of 15.5% in recurrent provisions for loan losses related to our Retail Banking segment, as a result of macroeconomic indicators, which benefited individuals and SMEs, since they are evaluated by applying grouped credit risk models.

 

 

An annual decline of 8.7% in provisions for loan losses associated with our Wholesale Banking segment, as a result of the higher commercial activity evidenced in 2011 as compared to 2010 that improved the cash flow generating capacity of large companies and corporations.

As a result we saw an improving trend in our credit quality indicators. This is reflected by our ratio of provisions for loan losses to average total loans that amounted to 0.92% in 2011, which is below the 1.16% recorded a year earlier.

Operating Expenses

The following table sets forth information regarding our operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,      % Increase (Decrease)  
     2010      2011      2012      2010/2011     2011/2012  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)      %  

Personnel expenses

   Ch$ 272,737       Ch$ 316,991       Ch$ 312,065         16.2     (1.6 )% 

Administrative expenses:

             

Advertising

     22,804         26,515         30,572         16.3        15.3   

Building maintenance

     25,647         28,486         29,332         11.1        3.0   

Rentals and insurance

     18,419         20,595         22,486         11.8        9.2   

Office supplies

     5,735         6,556         6,346         14.3        (3.2

Other expenses

     125,064         147,767         158,723         18.2        7.4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total administrative expenses

   Ch$ 197,669       Ch$ 229,919         247,459         16.3        7.6   

Impairments

     1,044         631         899         (39.6     42.5   

Depreciation and amortization

     34,964         35,131         35,146         0.5        0.0   

Other operating expenses

     37,813         30,939         39,550         18.2        27.8   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 544,227       Ch$ 613,611       Ch$ 635,119         12.7     3.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

2011 and 2012. Our operating expenses accounted for Ch$635,119 million in 2012, which is 3.5% above the Ch$613,611 million recorded in 2011. In line with our efforts to improve operating efficiency, our operating expenses remained stable during 2012 and were aligned with our business growth by rising slightly above inflation. The primary factors that caused this increase include:

 

 

Administrative expenses that increased 7.6% from Ch$229,919 million in 2011 to Ch$247,459 million in 2012. The main reasons for this increase were: (i) approximately Ch$6,022 million in additional IT expenses associated with diverse developments undertaken in 2012 (improvements to our datacenters and

 

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new online services), (ii) roughly Ch$4,057 million in additional marketing expenses for enhancing brand recognition and supporting product-launch campaigns, and (iii) about Ch$3,045 million in additional expenses associated with our distribution network (rentals, maintenance, etc.).

 

 

Personnel expenses that decreased 1.6% from Ch$316,991 million in 2011 to Ch$312,065 million in 2012. The decrease in personnel expenses reflects recurring and extraordinary effects. The recurring effects include the salary increase following the 2011 collective bargaining process and the expansion of our workforce, especially for collection duties. Regarding extraordinary effects, in 2011 we distributed a Ch$28,100 million special bonus to our staff also following the completion of the 2011 collective bargaining process. This bonus represents a high basis for comparison with respect to the extraordinary bonuses of Ch$3,970 million and Ch$2,127 million granted in 2012 in order to recognize our outstanding performance during the year and the completion of collective bargaining agreements carried out by two of our subsidiaries, respectively. As a result, our recurring personnel cost base, once adjusted by extraordinary effects, increased 6.9% from approximately Ch$288,891 million in 2011 to Ch$305,968 million in 2012.

 

 

Other operating expenses amounted to Ch$39,550 million in 2012 as compared to Ch$30,939 million in 2011, which represents a 27.8% increase. This increase was principally caused by higher operational charge-offs associated with the implementation of a new online current account platform and other general expenses.

2010 and 2011. Our operating expenses were Ch$613,611 million in 2011, which represented a 12.7% increase over last year’s amount. This annual increment is explained by core business activities and projects, as well as non-recurring effects including:

 

 

The collective bargaining processes carried out by the Bank with its unions during 2011. These negotiations led to three and four-year collective agreements and a special bonus granted to our staff at the end of negotiations. This non-recurrent bonus amounted to Ch$28,100 million and accounted for 60% of the 16.2% increase posted by our personnel expenses in 2011 as compared to 2010. Excluding the bonus, personnel costs increased 5.6%.

 

 

Our recurrent cost base recorded a 16.3% increase in administrative expenses, from Ch$197,669 million in 2010 to Ch$229,919 million in 2011. This increase was caused by: (i) approximately Ch$11,000 million in additional outsourced sale force expenses, in line with the higher commercial activity in our retail banking segment, (ii) approximately Ch$9,000 million of additional expenses related to new branches (25 in 2011) and improvements to our distribution network, (iii) nearly Ch$7,000 million in increased IT and communication expenses, explained by transactional processing, software licenses and the implementation of different projects associated with our mid-term IT strategic plan, and (iv) an increase in marketing expenses of approximately Ch$4,000 million related to advertising campaigns intended to reinforce our corporate reputation and support the launch of new products and services.

Income Tax

Under Law No. 19,396 we are permitted to deduct dividend payments made to SAOS from our taxable income. Consequently, our effective tax rate is lower than the statutory corporate income tax rate because of the deduction of said dividend payments from our taxable income. Additionally, but to a lesser extent, differences in the tax treatment for monetary correction, as well as provisions on individual loans and for charge-offs related to past-due loans have an impact on our effective tax rate. Finally, all real estate taxes paid on properties that are leased to customers are deductible from our taxable income.

On July 31, 2010, the Chilean Congress enacted Law No. 20,455 in response to the February 27, 2010 earthquake, which temporarily increased the statutory corporate income tax rates from 17.0% to 20.0% for the year ending December 31, 2011 and 18.5% for the year ending December 31, 2012, returning to 17.0% for the year ended December 31, 2013. Nevertheless, in 2012 the government submitted a tax reform bill to the Congress, which was finally passed on September 27, 2012 (Law No. 20,633), establishing a new statutory corporate income tax rate of 20.0% from 2012 onwards.

 

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2011 and 2012. Our income tax expense decreased 3.0% to Ch$63,488 million in 2012. This annual decrease, in combination with an annual increase of 7.5% in our income before income tax, caused a decrease in the effective tax rate from 13.0% in 2011 to 11.7% in 2012.

The decrease in the effective tax rate in 2012 as compared to 2011 is mostly the consequence of a change in the statutory corporate tax rate from 2012 onwards by the the previously mentioned Law No. 20,630, enacted on September 27, 2012. This modification prompted tax benefits for us associated with our deferred tax asset position, as a result of an increase in the tax rate from 18.5% in 2012 and 17.0% as from 2013 (as formerly established by Law No 20,455) to 20.0% from 2012 onwards (as determined by Law No 20,630 later).

2010 and 2011. In 2011 we incurred an income tax expense of Ch$65,442 million, which represented a 40.7% increase as compared to 2010. This annual increase is proportionally higher than the increase of 8.5% recorded by our income before income tax resulting in an effective tax rate of 13.0% in 2011 as compared to the 10.0% posted in 2010.

The increase in the effective tax rate in 2011 as compared to 2010 is mainly explained by a higher statutory corporate tax rate that increased from 17.0% in 2010 to 20.0% in 2011, primarily as a result of the previously mentioned Law No. 20,455 that was enacted in order to support the post-earthquake reconstruction process.

Business Segments

To the extent that it is available and is useful in analyzing our results, we have included information on a consolidated basis by business segments, disclosed under our Internal Reporting Policies. A summary of differences between IFRS and our Internal Reporting Policies is presented under “—Summary of Differences between Internal Reporting Policies and IFRS.”

For management purposes, we have organized our operations and commercial strategies into four business segments, which are defined according to the type of products and services offered to target customers. These business segments are:

Retail Banking: This segment is focused on individuals and small and medium-sized companies whose annual sales do not exceed Ch$1,600 million. The segment’s value proposition is primarily focused on consumer loans, commercial loans, current accounts, credit cards, credit lines and mortgage loans.

Wholesale Banking: This segment is focused on corporate clients and large companies whose annual sales that exceed Ch$1,600 million. This segment offers products and services focused on commercial loans, current accounts, liquidity management services, debt instruments, foreign trade, derivative contracts and leases, as well as corporate finance transactions.

Treasury and Money Market: The revenue generated by this segment relates to the management of our liquidity and net positions subject to market risks. This segment also includes the results of our securities portfolio, our derivatives positions and currency trading.

Operations through subsidiaries: This segment includes all companies controlled by us whose results are obtained individually by the respective company. As of December 31, 2012, this business segment consisted of:

 

 

Banchile Trade Services Limited;

 

 

Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.;

 

 

Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.;

 

 

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.;

 

 

Banchile Factoring S.A.;

 

 

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.;

 

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Banchile Securitizadora S.A.;

 

 

Socofin S.A.; and

 

 

Promarket S.A.

The accounting policies described in the summary of accounting principles in “—Critical Accounting Policies” apply to all business segments. Matters such as the evaluation of segment performance and decision-making processes regarding goals and allocation of resources for each segment are based on a cost-benefit analysis and are aligned with our overall strategic goals.

In order to measure each segment’s financial performance, we use a business segment-based profitability system, which allows us to obtain information for each business segment relative to income, balances, revenues and expenses, among other indicators. This system has been internally developed in order to serve our specific requirements and we continuously work to improve it. In addition, business segment information is subject to general internal auditing procedures to ensure its integrity and usefulness for management decision-making.

The financial information used to measure the performance of our business segments is not necessarily comparable with similar information from other financial institutions because it is based on our internal reporting policies. The accounting policies used to prepare our operating segment information are similar to those described in Note 2(ah) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report, except as noted below:

 

 

The net interest margin of loans and deposits is measured on an individual transaction and individual client basis, due to the difference between the effective individual transaction rate and our related fund transfer price in terms of maturity, re-pricing and currency.

 

 

The results associated with gap management (interest rate and currency mismatches) are allocated to the business segments in proportion of loans and demand deposits managed by each segment.

 

 

For purposes of allocating the effect of funding through capital and reserves, the internal performance profitability system considers capital allocation in each segment in accordance with Basel guidelines.

 

 

In addition to direct costs (consisting mainly of labor and administrative expenses of the business segments), we allocate all of our direct and indirect operating costs of back office and support units to each business segment by utilizing the most relevant business driver to assign such costs to a specific segment.

 

 

We apply Chilean GAAP, as required by the Superintendency of Banks, when measuring and recording allowances for loan losses, assets received in lieu of payments, minimum dividend allowances and other minor items for internal reporting purposes. These accounting principles significantly differ in certain respects from IFRS. A description of these differences is presented below under “—Summary of Differences between Internal Reporting Policies and IFRS.”

Net Income by Business Segment

The following table sets forth income before income tax by business segment in accordance with our internal reporting policies for each of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,      % Increase (Decrease)  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    2010      2011      2012      2010/2011     2011/2012  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)      %  

Retail banking

   Ch$ 182,114       Ch$ 266,485       Ch$ 254,209         46.3     (4.6 )% 

Wholesale banking

     107,826         142,509         196,660         32.2        38.0   

Treasury and Money Market

     64,862         20,264         22,387         (68.8     10.5   

Subsidiaries

     62,237         59,136         46,545         (5.0     21.3   

Other

     —           —           —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before Income tax

   Ch$ 417,039       Ch$ 488,394       Ch$ 519,801         17.1     6.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Retail Banking

2011 and 2012. Our retail banking segment recorded a 4.6% annual decrease in income before income tax from Ch$266,485 million in 2011 to Ch$254,209 million in 2012. This decrease occurred in spite of the strong growth shown by the segment in its main business drivers during 2012. In fact, the annual decrease in income before income tax was principally caused by higher provisions for loan losses that were mostly established in the first half of 2012. Therefore, the performance of our retail banking segment during 2012 was mostly affected by:

 

 

A 61.4% annual increase in provisions for loans losses largely due to:

 

   

A low basis for comparison. In 2011 the banking industry overall recorded historically low levels of credit risk, mainly influenced by the positive economic cycle that enhanced customer payment capacity, especially in personal banking. Similarly, Banco de Chile recorded loan loss provisions below historical levels, as a percentage of average total loans.

 

   

A moderate deterioration in credit quality across the industry that peaked in the second quarter of 2012 but returned to historical average figures by the end of the year. This deterioration was mainly associated with social and regulatory forces rather than economic factors and primarily affected consumer loans. As corrective measures, we were more conservative in establishing our provision for loan losses, made our credit-assessment processes tighter and enhanced our collection duties. As a result, by the end of 2012 our credit quality indicators had returned to average levels.

 

 

Our increasing penetration of the consumer lending market, especially in credit cards (annual expansion of 19.6% in related loans) and installment loans (7.9% annual growth in balances).

 

 

A 7.0% increase in the segment’s operating expenses in 2012 which was mainly caused by higher personnel expenses due to both a rise in headcount and a salary increase as a result of the collective bargaining agreement reached in 2011.

The previous factors were partially offset by an 11.1% increase in operating revenues, as a consequence of: (i) a 17.1% annual growth in the average balance of total loans for the segment, (ii) a 10.8% annual expansion in the average balances of current accounts and demand deposits that was supplemented by slightly higher nominal interest rates, and (iii) fees and commissions that increased 5.5% in 2012 as a result of higher activity in transactional services (current accounts and payment channels) tied to a growing private consumption. These positive factors enabled the segment to effectively offset the negative impact of lower inflation on the segment’s UF net asset position.

2010 and 2011. The segment’s income before income tax amounted to Ch$266,485 million, a 46.3% annual increase as compared to 2010. This significant increase was caused by higher operating revenues and lower provisions for loan losses. As for the former, the segment’s operating revenues posted a 15.1% annual increase, due to:

 

 

A higher contribution from the segment’s non-interest bearing liabilities, due to higher nominal interest rates—prompted by the increase in the monetary policy interest rate—as well as a 21.3% rise in the average balances of demand deposits.

 

 

Double-digit growth rates in credit products that averaged 21.1% on a yearly basis. This increase is related to an increase in year-end balances of residential mortgage (23.3%) and commercial loans (20.0%), and, to a lesser extent, in consumer loans (19.2%).

 

 

The positive effect of higher inflation on the segment’s UF net asset position.

 

 

A 16.5% annual increase in the segment’s fees and commissions. This annual increase was the result of our efforts to boost the use of our payment channels which resulted in higher commissions from credit cards, ATMs, current accounts and sight accounts. According to our management information system, during 2011 this segment added approximately 350,000 new credit cards and achieved a 28% market share in purchases and cash withdrawals with credit cards, nearly 94,000 new checking account customers and approximately 42,000 new borrowers of consumer loans up to UF 200 (approximately U.S.$8,500).

 

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In addition, the segment’s provisions for loan losses decreased by 16.9% due to: (i) improved macroeconomic indicators, such as lower unemployment and higher real salaries that increased customers’ payment capacities and (ii) improved credit models that were supplemented by effective collection.

The above was partly offset by an increase of 11.3% in operating expenses associated with higher expenses related to our branch network expansion and higher personnel expenses due to the special bonus and the increase in salaries as a result of the collective bargaining agreements.

Wholesale Banking

2011 and 2012. Our wholesale banking segment recorded a 38.0% increase in income before income tax from Ch$142,509 million in 2011 to Ch$196,660 million in 2012. This annual increase occurred despite the negative effect of lower inflation on the segment’s UF net asset position and can be explained by the following recurrent and extraordinary factors:

 

 

Operating revenues that grew 13.8% annually, from Ch$281,994 million in 2011 to Ch$321,004 million in 2012. This increase of approximately Ch$39,010 million was mainly due to:

 

   

the recognition of a realized loss of Ch$42,462 million in 2011 due to the sale of a non-performing loan portfolio (with a similar positive impact on the segment’s provisions for loan losses),

 

   

a 10.5% and 10.2% increase in the average balances of total loans and demand deposits (including current accounts), respectively,

 

   

an 8.4% increase in net fees and commissions income, primarily due to higher fee income from credit restructuring, and

 

   

the negative effect of lower inflation that was effectively offset by the previously mentioned factors.

 

 

A 36.0% decrease in provisions for loan losses, including the following extraordinary effects: (i) the release of Ch$43,950 million in allowances in 2011 related to the aforementioned sale of a non-performing loan portfolio and (ii) countercyclical allowances established in 2011 that translated into approximately Ch$17,564 million for the segment in that period. Once these extraordinary effects are isolated, the segment’s provisions for loan losses for 2012 decreased approximately Ch$30,176 million as compared to 2011, 30% of which is explained by the deterioration of a specific customer’s risk profile in 2011.

 

 

An annual decrease of approximately 9.5% in the segment’s operating expenses, which was mainly attributable to lower personnel expenses due to the special bonus granted to our staff in 2011 once we completed the collective bargaining process, as well as lower overhead expenses in 2012 when compared to 2011.

For the year ended December 31, 2012 there were no material effects related to loan portfolio sales.

2010 and 2011. Our wholesale banking segment recorded a yearly increase of 32.2% in income before income tax from Ch$107,826 million in 2010 to Ch$142,509 million in 2011. This annual variation was fueled by a decrease of 85.9% in provisions for loan losses and a slight increase in operating revenues, as follows:

 

 

The significant decline in provisions for loan losses was due to: (i) the release of allowances for loan losses of approximately Ch$43,950 million in 2011, related to the sale of a non-performing corporate customer’s loan portfolio, and (ii) the recognition of approximately Ch$12,000 million of further contingency and countercyclical provisions in 2010 as compared to 2011, mainly due to the regulation for provisioning individually evaluated loans that was anticipated in 2010. If credit risk charges are adjusted by these non-recurrent items, the recurrent provisions also posted a decrease of 8.7%, despite the growth in loans and higher provisions of U.S. dollar-denominated loans due to an 11% rise in the Chilean peso/U.S. dollar exchange.

 

 

In operating revenues, the segment recorded a slight 0.3% increase due to: (i) the positive effect of higher nominal interest rates on the segment’s demand deposits average balances which grew by 18.2%, (ii) a 21.0% increase in the segment’s loan portfolio (mostly due to the expansion by 21.0% in commercial loans) and (iii) the positive effect of higher inflation on the segment’s UF net asset position.

 

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The above was partly offset by the recognition (in Other Operating Income) of a realized loss that amounted to approximately Ch$42,462 million, associated with the sale of the previously mentioned non-performing loan portfolio and a 27.1% annual rise in the segment’s operating expenses due to the collective bargaining bonus, a rise in salaries to reflect inflation and productivity, as well as higher administrative expenses.

With respect to the previously mentioned loan portfolio sale carried out in 2011, as of the transaction date, the outstanding balance, related allowances for loan losses and sale price for this portfolio were:

 

Loan Portfolio Details    Millions of Ch$  

Gross Outstanding Balance (excluding allowances)

   Ch$ (48,926

Sale Price

     6,464   
  

 

 

 

Realized Loss

     (42,462
  

 

 

 

Release of Related Allowances

     43,950   
  

 

 

 

Net Gain

   Ch$ 1,488   
  

 

 

 

For purposes of internal reporting (under our internal reporting policies for business segment reporting) and as required by the Chilean regulator, we accounted for a realized loss of Ch$42,462 million within ‘Other Operating Income’, while recognizing an allowance release of Ch$43,950 million within ‘Provisions for Loan Losses’. These allocations resulted in a net gain (although presented separately) of Ch$1,488 million. Under IFRS, this net gain was recognized under other operating income, within the ‘gains (losses) from sales of loans’ sub line item, as disclosed earlier.

Treasury and Money Market

2011 and 2012. In 2012 our Treasury recorded income before income tax of Ch$22,387 million that represented a 10.5% increase as compared to the Ch$20,264 million recorded a year earlier. This variation was mainly caused by a 3.7% increase in the segment’s operating revenues that can be explained by:

 

 

Improved results from trading of fixed-income and derivative securities as a result of our Treasury’s proactive management of our investment portfolio, as well as taking advantage of specific market opportunities to make profits.

 

 

The higher results from trading activities were partly offset by lower income generated by the management of our available-for-sale portfolio due to the negative impact of lower inflation on the interests accrued by fixed-income securities, most of them denominated in UF, and lower amount of sales as compared to 2011.

2010 and 2011. Our Treasury posted an annual decrease of 68.8% in income before income tax from Ch$64,862 million in 2010 to Ch$20,264 million in 2011. This significant drop in results was primarily caused by a 59.6% decline in the segment’s operating revenues as a consequence of:

 

 

The sharp increase in spreads of foreign currency instruments during the second half of 2011 that was fostered by the slowdown observed in the global economy.

 

 

The significant rise in interest rates in 2011 as compared to 2010. During 2010 the low interest rates (and expectation of future increases) led us to sell fixed-income securities that enabled us to obtain significant gains. Conversely, in 2011 and due to the higher interest rates, we could not take profits from our available-for-sale positions.

 

 

The decrease of the gap between local and foreign interest rates that has constrained the possibility of arbitrage between local and foreign currency funding.

 

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All of the above was partially offset by operating expenses that posted a 20.7% annual decrease, principally due to lower technology expenses and decreasing allocated costs from support areas.

Operations through Subsidiaries

2011 and 2012. Our subsidiaries recorded a 21.3% decrease in income before income tax from Ch$59,136 million in 2011 to Ch$46,545 million in 2012. This decline was primarily explained by a 4.1% annual drop in the segment’s operating revenues, as well a 7.5% increase in operating expenses. Thus, our subsidiaries’ annual performance is primarily explained by:

 

 

A 10.7% decrease in net fees and commissions income in 2012 as compared to 2011, mainly as a result of reduced commercial activity in securities brokerage and mutual funds management caused by investors that withdrew their savings from stock markets and invested in fixed-income securities. As a consequence, in 2012, our fees from securities brokerage and commissions from mutual funds decreased Ch$11,010 million and Ch$7,766 million, respectively. As for securities brokerage, lower fees and commissions were caused by a 40.8% annual decrease in stock trading turnover handled by the subsidiary. Regarding mutual funds, lower fee income was a consequence of portfolios managed by our mutual funds subsidiary that were rebalanced by their holders towards fixed-income. These effects were partially offset by higher commissions from insurance brokerage services, financial advisory services and collection services (approximately Ch$4,572 million in additional income collectively).

 

 

The decrease in net fees and commissions was partially offset by higher net interest income in our factoring subsidiary, mainly due to the positive effect of a lower inflation rate on the company’s UF net liability position.

 

 

On the other hand, the annual increase of 7.5% in the segment’s operating expenses was due to collective bargaining processes carried out by two of our subsidiaries and a headcount increase intended to reinforce our collection activities.

2010 and 2011. Our subsidiaries posted a 5.0% annual decline in their income before income tax from Ch$62,237 million in 2010 to Ch$59,136 million in 2011. The annual change reflected the impact of the higher volatility in local and global financial markets on the activity of some of our subsidiaries, as follows:

 

 

Our Securities Brokerage subsidiary posted a Ch$2,590 million decrease in net income, based on a 3.1% decline in stock trading turnover, which is explained by the higher uncertainty evidenced in the financial markets and investors that sought haven in fixed-income securities.

 

 

A decrease of Ch$2,310 million in the net income of our Insurance Brokerage, subsidiary mainly as a result of a 10.6% reduction in operating revenues due to lower brokerage margins, partly offset by higher volumes of written premiums.

 

 

Our Financial Advisory subsidiary posted a decrease of Ch$1,101 million in net income, based on lower equity and bond issuance activity, as well as lower debt restructuring advisory engagements in 2011.

The above factors were partly offset by better performance in our Factoring subsidiary, whose net income increased by Ch$3,088 million as a result of higher commercial volumes that translated into a 28.2% annual rise in the average volume of factoring loans. The greater business scale enabled the subsidiary to overcome a higher cost of funding associated with the impact of a higher inflation on the company’s UF net liability position.

 

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Summary of differences between internal reporting policies and IFRS

We prepare our business segments’ financial information in accordance with our internal reporting policies, which differ in certain significant aspects from IFRS. The following table sets forth net income and equity for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 in accordance with our internal reporting policies and under IFRS:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Income before income tax (Internal Reporting Policies)

   Ch$ 417,039       Ch$ 488,394       Ch$ 519,801   

Reconciliation to IFRS

     47,089         15,235         21,808   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before income tax (IFRS)

     464,128         503,629         541,609   

Net income (Internal Reporting Policies)

     378,530         428,806         465,851   

Reconciliation to IFRS

     39,085         9,381         12,270   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income (IFRS)

     417,615         438,187         478,121   

Equity (Internal Reporting Policies)

     1,404,127         1,739,173         2,007,059   

Reconciliation to IFRS

     290,198         301,496         348,403   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equity (IFRS)

   Ch$ 1,694,325       Ch$ 2,040,669       Ch$ 2,355,462   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Some differences exist between our net income and equity as determined in accordance with our internal reporting policies, which are used for management reporting purposes, as presented in the segment information, and our net income and equity as determined under IFRS, as presented in our consolidated financial statements.

The most significant differences are as follows:

Under internal reporting policies, our merger with Citibank Chile was accounted for under the pooling-of-interest method, while under IFRS, and for external financial reporting purposes, the merger of the two banks was accounted for as a business combination in which we were the acquirer as required by IFRS 3 “Business Combinations.” Under IFRS 3, we recognized all acquired net assets at fair value as determined at the acquisition date, as well as the goodwill resulting from the purchase price consideration in excess of net assets recognized. As a result of these accounting policy differences, the impact on our net income under IFRS is Ch$6,450 million, Ch$7,438 million and Ch$3,848 million lower than our internally reported net income in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

For internal reporting purposes, allowances for loan losses are calculated based on specific guidelines set by the Superintendency of Banks based on an expected losses approach. Under IFRS, IAS 39 “Financial instruments: Recognition and Measurement,” allowances for loan losses should be adequate to cover losses in the loan portfolio at the respective balance sheet dates based on an analysis of estimated future cash flows. According to internal reporting policies, we record additional allowances related to expected losses not yet incurred, whereas under IFRS these expected losses may not be recognized. As a result of these accounting policy differences, the impact on our net income under IFRS is Ch$49,003 million, Ch$21,754 million and Ch$21,081 million higher than our net income internally reported in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

For internal reporting purposes, assets received in lieu of payments are measured at historical cost or fair value, less cost to sell, if lower, on a portfolio basis and written-off if not sold after a certain period in accordance with specific guidelines set by the Superintendency of Banks. Under IFRS, these assets are deemed non-current assets held-for-sale and their accounting treatment is set by IFRS 5 “Non-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.” In accordance with IFRS 5 these assets are measured at historical cost or fair value, less cost to sell, if lower. Accordingly, under IFRS these assets are not written off unless impaired. As a result of this accounting policy difference, the impact on our net income under IFRS is Ch$4,099 million, Ch$3,872 million and Ch$2,889 million higher than our net income internally reported in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively.

Chilean banks are required to distribute at least 30% of their net income to shareholders unless the shareholders unanimously approve the retention of profits. A bank may, however, be prohibited from distributing to shareholders even this 30% of its net income if such distribution would cause the bank to violate certain statutory capital requirements. In accordance with internal reporting policies, we record a minimum dividend allowance based on our distribution policy, which requires distribution of at least 70% of the period’s net income, as permitted

 

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by the Superintendency of Banks. During 2010, 2011, and 2012, the Bank recorded allowances of Ch$242,503 million, Ch$259,501 million and Ch$300,759 million, respectively. Under IFRS, only the portion of dividends that is required to be distributed by Chilean Law must be recorded, i.e., 30% as required by Chilean Corporations Law. This accounting difference does not lead to differences in net income.

 

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

A sound liquidity strategy must be focused on ensuring that funds are available to honor our financial commitments when they are due and also to take advantage of attractive business opportunities. To accomplish this, we monitor funding liquidity (i.e., the ability to raise funds when they are needed without incurring abnormal costs) and trading liquidity (i.e., the ability to easily decrease debt and equity instruments held in our portfolios and/or offset price risk positions generated by derivative transactions).

Liquidity risk can be technically broken down into two types of risks: trading liquidity risk and funding liquidity risk. Trading liquidity risk deals with the inability to decrease cash positions (bonds, loans, etc.) and/or offset price risks generated by derivatives transactions and funding liquidity risk is related to the our inability to raise funds. Both risks can lead to potentially adverse scenarios that might make the bank unable to meet its payment obligations and/or potential payment obligations when they become due.

These two risks are jointly managed but by utilizing different tools, as detailed below.

Trading Liquidity Risk Management

Holding a stake of debt instruments with deep secondary markets ensures trading liquidity. Central Bank and government instruments and short-term banks’ time deposits show these characteristics. These kinds of instruments are held in our trading portfolio and comprise some portion of the Available-for-Sale (“FAS”) portfolio. In addition, mortgage bonds issued by banks resident in Chile and corporate bonds are also part of the FAS portfolio.

Even though mortgage and corporate bonds show much less trading liquidity than Central Bank and government instruments, the former may be sold to the Central Bank under repurchase agreements. Government instruments and short-term banks’ time deposits can also be sold to the Central Bank under repurchase agreements.

Funding Liquidity Risk Management

Diversifying funding sources and avoiding a concentration of large fund providers or funding maturity dates are means to ensure funding liquidity. We diversify through the establishment of triggers that monitor concentrations of funding sources, maturities, currencies, etc. The aggregation of significant fund providers by currency is monitored as a percentage of our current liabilities.

In particular, our funding strategy aims to satisfy our customers’ needs and to enhance our product base offering while maintaining a prudent product diversification profile, currencies and maturities. We are focused on broadening the current core and diversified funding obtained through the retail banking business. In addition, we are continuously issuing either senior or subordinated bonds in order to match both the liquidity and the interest rate risk generated by our long-term loans.

In addition to our own metrics in place to monitor liquidity, the Central Bank and the Superintendency of Banks have established regulations regarding liquidity, which include: minimum reserve requirements for deposits, minimum “technical” reserve requirements and maximum expected outflows for the following 30 and 90 days.

The Central Bank has established a minimum reserve of 9.0% for demand deposits and 3.6% for time deposits. The reserve requirement must be complied with separately by currency (Chilean Peso and foreign currencies).

In addition, we are subject to a “technical” reserve requirement applicable to all banks that operate in Chile. The daily balance of deposits and obligations payable on demand, except for obligations with other banks, may not exceed 2.5 times the amount of the bank’s Regulatory Capital. Deposits and obligations payable on demand include:

 

 

deposits in current accounts;

 

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other demand deposits or obligations payable on demand and incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

 

savings deposits that allow unconditional withdrawals that bear a stated maturity; and

 

 

other deposits unconditionally payable immediately.

Chilean banks are not required, however, to maintain the minimum reserves referred to above for deposits and obligations subject to this “technical” reserve.

Chilean regulations also require that the expected outflows within the following 30 days not exceed the amount of a bank’s Basic Capital and the expected outflows within the following 90 days not exceed twice the amount of a bank’s Basic Capital. Expected outflows may include behavioral assumptions. Measurements must be made separately, by currency.

Mandatory metrics requested by the Superintendency of Banks and other metrics developed by us utilizing internal models are prepared daily by independent units within the Corporate/Market Risk Management. These reports are submitted daily to the corresponding Treasury areas, which are in charge of overseeing and managing our liquidity. The Country Asset Liability Committee also monitors these metrics on a monthly basis.

Given our internal metrics and policies, we believe that our working capital is sufficient to meet our present needs.

Cash Flows

The tables below set forth our principal sources of cash. Our subsidiaries are not an important source of cash for us and therefore do not significantly affect our ability to meet our cash obligations. No legal, contractual or economic restrictions exist on the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer funds to us in the form of loans or cash dividends as long as they abide by the regulations in the Chilean Corporations Law regarding loans to related parties and minimum dividend payments.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

      

Net cash provided by operating activities

   Ch$ (95,574   Ch$ (454,886   Ch$ (415,987

2011 and 2012. In 2012 net cash provided by operating activities increased by approximately Ch$38,899 million as compared to 2011. This increase was mainly caused by: (i) a net decrease of Ch$1,087,055 million in the outflow associated with loans granted to customers and financial institutions, and (ii) a net annual increase of Ch$128,311 million in 2012 as compared to 2011 in the inflow that comes from increasing balances of current accounts and other demand deposits. These factors were partly offset by a net annual decrease of Ch$1,212,543 million in the inflow that comes from taking saving accounts and time deposits.

2010 and 2011. The net cash provided by operating activities recorded an annual decrease of Ch$359,312 million between 2010 and 2011. This decline was primarily caused by: (i) an increase of Ch$2,191,997 million in the outflow related to loans granted to our customers and other banks, and (ii) a lower increase in the inflow from current accounts and demand deposits that amounted to Ch$279,623 on an annual basis. These factors were mostly offset by a higher increase in saving accounts and demand deposits that translated into an additional inflow of approximately Ch$1,246,506 that was supplemented by an net increase of Ch$418,566 million in the inflow associated with payables from repurchase agreements and security lending.

 

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     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2010      2011     2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

       

Net cash used in investing activities

   Ch$ 128,449       Ch$ (334,776   Ch$ 192,351   

2011 and 2012. The net cash used in investing activities increased from a net outflow of Ch$334,776 million in 2011 to a net inflow of Ch$192,351 million in 2012. The annual rise of Ch$527,127 was primarily caused by an annual net decrease in the balance of financial assets available for sale that resulted in a net inflow of Ch$219,403 in 2012 as compared to the outflow of Ch$316,083 million in 2011, due to higher sales in 2012 as compared to 2011.

2010 and 2011. The net cash used in investing activities increased from a net inflow of Ch$128,449 million in 2010 to a net outflow of Ch$334,776 million in 2011. This change was mainly prompted by a net increase in the balance of financial assets available for sale, which resulted in an outflow of Ch$316,083 million in 2011 as compared to the inflow of Ch$222,706 million recorded in 2010 as a consequence of sales associated with the same portfolio.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2010     2011      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

       

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   Ch$ (67,346   Ch$ 911,975       Ch$ 48,087   

2011 and 2012. The net cash provided by our financing activities decreased from Ch$911,975 million in 2011 to Ch$48,087 million in 2012. The annual decrease of Ch$863,888 million was mainly due to: (i) a net annual decrease of Ch$1,047,810 million associated with higher payments and lower inflows from foreign borrowings, and (ii) an outflow of Ch$279,258 million related to an increase in the redemption of bond issuances. These factors were partly offset by a higher inflow of approximately Ch$484,399 million related to proceeds from new bond issuances.

2010 and 2011. The net cash provided by (or used in) financing activities varied from a net outflow of Ch$67,346 million in 2010 to a net inflow of Ch$911,975 million in 2011. This variation was mainly associated with: (i) bond redemptions that decreased Ch$213,162 million, (ii) a capital increase of Ch$210,114 million carried out in 2011, (iii) lower payments on foreign borrowings in an amount of Ch$187,387 million, (iv) a net increase of Ch$177,849 million in borrowings from the Central Bank, and (v) higher proceeds from bond issuances that translated into an additional inflow of Ch$157,215 million.

 

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Borrowings

Borrowings are described as short-term when they have original maturities of less than one year or are due on demand. All other borrowings are described as long-term, including the short-term portion of any long-term borrowings.

 

    As of December 31, 2010     As of December 31, 2011     As of December 31, 2012  
IFRS:   Long-term     Short-term     Total     Long-term     Short-term     Total     Long-term     Short-term     Total  
    (in millions of Ch$)  

Borrowings from financial institutions:

                 

Central Bank credit lines for renegotiation of loans

  Ch$ 80      Ch$ —        Ch$ 80      Ch$ 63      Ch$ —        Ch$ 63      Ch$ 18        —        Ch$ 18   

Other borrowings from the Central Bank

    —          —          —          22,792        —          22,792        —          —          —     

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Borrowings from foreign institutions

    117,299        1,163,993        1,281,292        194,886        1,473,198        1,668,084        168,450        940,213        1,108,663   

Debt issued:

                 

Bonds

    820,331        —          820,331        1,488,369        —          1,488,369        2,214,893        —          2,214,893   

Commercial papers (short-term bonds)

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          197,340        197,340   

Subordinated bonds

    744,966        —          744,966        747,874        —          747,874        746,504          746,504   

Mortgage finance bonds

    198,868        —          198,868        152,098        —          152,098        115,196          115,196   

Other financial obligations

    67,602        111,558        179,160        61,734        123,051        184,785        55,585        106,538        162,123   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other interest bearing liabilities

  Ch$ 1,949,146      Ch$ 1,275,551      Ch$ 3,224,697      Ch$ 2,667,816      Ch$ 1,596,249      Ch$ 4,264,065      Ch$ 3,300,646      Ch$ 1,244,091      Ch$ 4,544,737   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Bank has not had breaches of capital and interest with respect to its debts instruments during year 2011 and 2012.

 

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Central Bank Borrowings

Central Bank borrowings include credit lines for the renegotiation of loans and other borrowings. The Central Bank provided credit lines for the renegotiation of mortgage loans due to the need to refinance debts as a result of the economic recession and crisis of the Chilean banking system from 1982 to 1985. These credit lines are linked to the UF index and carry an average real annual interest rate of 0.72% as of December 31, 2012. The maturities of the outstanding amounts are as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

  

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

   Ch$ 18   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     —     

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     —     

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     —     

Due after 5 years

     —     
  

 

 

 

Total long-term (Credit lines for renegotiation of loans)

     —     

Total short-term (Other Central Bank borrowings)

     18   
  

 

 

 

Total Central Bank borrowings

   Ch$ 18   
  

 

 

 

Borrowings from Domestic Financial Institutions

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions are generally used to fund our general operations. We currently do not have any outstanding borrowings from domestic financial institutions.

Borrowings from Foreign Financial Institutions

We have short- and long-term borrowings from foreign banks. These loans are denominated in foreign currency and are used to fund our foreign trade loans and carried an average nominal interest rate of 1.23% in the year ended December 31, 2012. The outstanding maturities of these borrowings as of December 31, 2012 were as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

   Ch$ 36,084   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     96,370   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     35,996   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     —     

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     —     

Due after 5 years

     —     
  

 

 

 

Total long-term

     168,450   

Total short-term(1)

     940,213   
  

 

 

 

Total foreign borrowings

   Ch$ 1,108,663   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes borrowings with maturities that were originally more than one year but which as of December 31, 2012 had remaining maturities of less than one year.

Bonds

Our bonds are linked to the UF index and carried an average real annual interest rate of 3.36% as of December 31, 2012 with interest and principal payments due semi-annually. The bonds were intended to finance loans that had a maturity of more than one year.

 

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The maturities of bonds as of December 31, 2012 were:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

   Ch$ 237,322   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     164,200   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     292,134   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     110,060   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     248,037   

Due after 5 years

     1,360,480   
  

 

 

 

Total bonds

   Ch$ 2,412,233   
  

 

 

 

During 2012 Banco de Chile issued bonds in an amount of MCh$1,207,808, of which MCh$691,380 corresponds to Commercial Papers.

Subordinated Bonds

Our outstanding subordinated bonds are linked to the UF index with interest and principal payments due semi-annually. The discount on the issuance of the outstanding subordinated bonds is amortized over the life of the bond. As of December 31, 2012, the effective real interest rate was 4.73% taking into consideration the discount on issuance.

The bonds are intended to finance loans having a maturity of more than one year. As of December 31, 2012, the maturities of subordinated bonds, which are considered long-term, were:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

   Ch$ 38,172   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     23,621   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     24,757   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     127,969   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     23,642   

Due after 5 years

     508,343   
  

 

 

 

Total subordinated bonds

   Ch$ 746,504   
  

 

 

 

During 2012 Banco de Chile issued bonds in an amount of MCh$26,177, with a maturity of 25 years and an interest rate of 3.75%.

Mortgage Finance Bonds

Mortgage finance bonds are used to finance the granting of mortgage loans. The outstanding principal amounts of the bonds are amortized on a quarterly basis. The range of maturities of these bonds is between five and thirty years. The bonds are linked to the UF index and carried a weighted average annual interest rate of 3.96% as of December 31, 2012.

The maturities of mortgage finance bonds as of December 31, 2012 were:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

   Ch$ 27,064   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     19,633   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     15,868   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     12,299   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     9,544   

Due after 5 years

     30,788   
  

 

 

 

Total mortgage finance bonds

   Ch$ 115,196   
  

 

 

 

 

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Other Financial Obligations

The maturities of other financial obligations as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 were as follows:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

        

Other long-term obligations:

        

Obligations with Chilean Government

   Ch$ 67,602       Ch$ 61,734       Ch$ 55,585   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other long-term obligations

     67,602         61,734         55,585   

Other short-term obligations

     111,558         123,051         106,538   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other obligations

   Ch$ 179,160       Ch$ 184,785       Ch$ 162,123   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, other financial obligations had the following maturities:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

   Ch$ 6,579   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     5,967   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     4,567   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     3,781   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     3,420   

Due after 5 years

     31,271   
  

 

 

 

Total long-term

     55,585   

Total short-term(1)

     106,538   
  

 

 

 

Total other obligations

   Ch$ 162,123   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes borrowings with maturities that were originally more than one year but which as of December 31, 2012 had remaining maturities of less than one year

Asset and Liability Management

Our asset and liability management policy is to maximize net interest income, return on assets and average equity in light of interest rate, liquidity and foreign exchange risks, within the limits of Chilean banking regulations and our internal risk management policies. Subject to these constraints, we may from time to time take mismatched positions as to interest rates or, in certain limited circumstances, foreign currencies when justified, in our view, by market conditions and prospects, and subject to our asset and liability management policies. Our board of directors determines our asset and liability policies. See Note 40 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

 

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Funding

The following table sets forth our average daily balance of liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, in each case together with the related average nominal interest rates paid thereon:

 

    Year Ended December 31,  

IFRS:

  2010     2011     2012  
  Average
Balance
    % of Total
Liabilities
    Average
Nominal Rate
    Average
Balance
    % of Total
Liabilities
    Average
Nominal Rate
    Average
Balance
    % of Total
Liabilities
    Average
Nominal Rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Current accounts and demand deposits

  Ch$ 4,085,800        25.7     —     Ch$ 4,540,335        24.7     —     Ch$ 4,926,475        24.4     —  

Savings accounts and time deposits

    7,382,126        46.4        2.58        8,450,231        46.0        5.11        9,380,123        46.4        5.31   

Borrowings from financial institutions

    1,365,835        8.6        1.38        1,715,417        9.3        1.39        1,435,362        7.1        1.55   

Debt issued

    1,660,440        10.4        6.61        1,994,679        10.8        7.72        2,838,170        14.0        6.00   

Other financial obligations

    132,200        0.8        2.48        168,858        0.9        2.26        170,977        0.8        1.86   

Other interest bearing liabilities

    182,956        1.2        1.10        218,847        1.2        4.96        286,944        1.4        5.22   

Other non-interest bearing liabilities

    1,098,484        6.9        —          1,298,603        7.1        —          1,187,619        5.9        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  Ch$ 15,907,841        100.0     —     Ch$ 18,386,970        100.0     —     Ch$ 20,225,670        100.0     —  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Our most important source of funding are customer deposits, which consist primarily of peso-denominated, non-interest bearing current accounts and demand deposits and Chilean peso and UF-denominated interest bearing time deposits and savings accounts. Current accounts and demand deposits represented 24.4% of our average total liabilities in 2012, and are our least expensive source of funding. Savings accounts, time deposit and debt issuances represented 56.8%, 56.8% and 60.4% of our average liabilities in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

 

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Capital Expenditures

For information on our capital expenditures, see Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Bank—Capital Expenditures.”

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

New Consumer-Oriented Regulation

On December 5, 2011, Law 20.555 was published in the Diario Oficial, amending the Chilean Consumer Protection Law. The most significant changes enacted by Law 20.555 are:

 

 

new agreements entered into by banks and consumer must fully disclose the costs that the consumer assumes, as well as the periodicity, and the mechanisms to modify them. In addition, new agreements must fully disclose all terms , events of default, events of early termination, and automatic payments;

 

 

banks must inform consumers periodically as to the complete, detailed cost of the banking product, as well as of the cost of the services rendered. The information must include the cost that the consumer will assume if he terminates the agreement before the end of its term;

 

 

before rendering a service or delivering a product, banks must give the consumer a quote, which must include costs, rates, and conditions;

 

 

banks must terminate the rendering of a service if the consumer so wishes;

 

 

banks must inform guarantors as to their rights and obligations before they assume the role of guarantor;

 

 

irrevocable mandates and mandates in blank are prohibited by the law;

 

 

when consumers execute standard form contracts, banks must explain, in writing, the main provisions of the agreement; and

 

 

banks may only modify fees and costs of services and banking products if the mechanisms to modify them are based on objective and verifiable factors previously agreed to in the agreement. In addition, the cost of banking services and products may not be modified without the consent of the consumer.

This amendment became effective on March 5, 2012, however, with regards to the banking product agreements entered into before said date, the regulation does not affect the substantive rights acquired by the parties in those agreements.

On July 2012 the government enacted the regulations that implement Law 20,555, which address mortgage loans, consumer loans, credit cards, the “Sernac Seal” (Sello Sernac), and other financial products and services. The new regulations govern, among other matters, the form and content of communications that financial institutions must periodically provide to their customers. Likewise, the new regulations implement the so-called “Summary Sheet” (Hoja Resumen), which must precede the contracts that consumers enter into with financial institutions. The Summary Sheet is intended to provide a clear and understandable summary of the terms and conditions that govern financial products and services.

The Sernac Seal is a new concept introduced by Law 20,555 and consists of a non-mandatory certification granted by the Chilean government agency in charge of consumer protection (Servicio Nacional del Consumidor, “Sernac”), by which that agency confirms that the contracts used by a financial institution when providing products and services comply with the Consumer Protection Act. In this regard, the new regulation establishes the specific requirements for financial institutions to obtain such certification as well as the events that may lead to its termination. Among the requirements to obtain the certification, financial institutions must provide a consumer service and adopt a dispute resolution procedure as defined by Law 20,555 and its regulation.

 

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All of these regulations are already implemented by Banco de Chile, except Sernac Seal, which is not mandatory. We do not expect these new regulations will have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

TREND INFORMATION

We believe we have developed strong competitive advantages that will allow us to remain a relevant player within the Chilean banking industry. We are continuously seeking additional improvements in matters such as operating efficiency, productivity, profitability and service quality by developing new customer oriented service models, launching new financial products and services and implementing high quality information technologies. Our business environment is increasingly competitive and an active market for mergers and acquisitions tends to encourage large financial groups. In addition, competition from non-banking companies, mainly those involved in the retail industry, has encouraged us to develop improved value propositions to satisfy our customers’ needs.

The following trends may also have an impact on the Chilean economy and the economic growth of its trade partners, and could therefore affect our business, operating results or financial condition:

 

 

The fragile recovery of the global economy. Unforeseeable financial events, such as the current uncertainty about the financial condition of some European countries and the slowdown observed in the Chinese economy, affect financial markets.

 

 

The impact on worldwide consumption and foreign trade caused by the elimination of monetary and fiscal stimulus in both developed and developing economies.

We believe that Chile and its financial industry have proved to be successful in facing worldwide financial contingencies because of its strict fiscal policy, forward-looking and independent monetary policy, as well as strong regulation and supervision related to the financial industry.

In addition, the recent international trend of improved protection of consumers’ financial rights has become increasingly significant in Chile. If this trend leads to changes by Chilean financial regulators, these changes could affect our future operating results.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, we are party to a number of off-balance sheet arrangements that present credit, market and operational risks that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. These activities include commitments to extend credit not otherwise accounted for as contingent loans, such as overdrafts and credit card lines of credit, and long-term contractual obligations under operating leases or service contracts.

We provide customers with off-balance sheet credit support through loan commitments. Such commitments are agreements to lend to a customer at a future date, subject to compliance with contractual terms. Since substantial portions of these commitments are expected to expire without us having to make any loans, total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent our actual future cash requirements. The amounts of these loan commitments were Ch$4,881,220 million as of December 31, 2011 and Ch$5,481,235 million as of December 31, 2012. See Note 26 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The amounts of subscribed leasing contracts were Ch$209,398 million as of December 31, 2011 and Ch$246,296 million as of December 31, 2012.

Interest rate and cross-currency swaps, which are entered into in order to hedge our foreign investment portfolio, are recorded at their estimated fair market values. See Note 8 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

The credit risk of both on and off-balance sheet financial instruments varies based on many factors, including the value of collateral held and other security arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, we generally determine the need for specific covenant, guarantee and collateral requirements on a case-by-case basis, depending on the nature of the financial instrument and the customer’s creditworthiness. The amount and type of collateral held to reduce credit risk varies, but may include real estate, machinery, equipment, inventory and accounts

 

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receivable, as well as cash on deposit, stocks, bonds and other marketable securities that are generally held in our possession or at another appropriate custodian or depository. This collateral is valued and inspected on a regular basis to ensure both its existence and adequacy. Additional collateral is requested when appropriate. For further information, see Note 26 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Financial Guarantees

The following is a summary of the nominal value of instruments that are considered financial guarantees and which are accounted for in off-balance sheet accounts:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Performance bonds

   Ch$ 1,437,312   

Foreign office guarantees and standby letters of credit

     323,924   
  

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 1,761,236   
  

 

 

 

Guarantees in the form of performance bonds, standby letters of credit and foreign office guarantees are issued in connection with agreements made by customers to counterparties. If the customer fails to comply with the agreement, the counterparty may enforce the performance bonds, standby letters of credit or foreign office guarantees as a remedy. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the customer may not be able to repay us for these guarantees.

The expiration of guarantees per period is as follows:

 

     Due within 1
year
     Due after 1 year
but within 3

Years
     Due after 3 years
but within 5

years
     Due after  5
years
     Total  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Performance bonds

   Ch$ 1,032,982         340,060         57,316         6,954       Ch$ 1,437,312   

Foreign office guarantees and standby letters of credit

     178,157         136,002         9,069         696         323,924   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 1,211,139         476,062         66,385         7,650       Ch$ 1,761,236   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, the Bank did not have significant concentrations by country.

 

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TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The following tables set forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments by time remaining to maturity. As of December 31, 2012, the scheduled maturities of our contractual obligations, including accrued interest, were as follows:

 

IFRS:   Due within 1 year     Due after
1 year but
within 3 Years
    Due after
3 years but
within 5 years
    Due after
5 years
    Total     Estimated
Interest
Payment
 
    (in millions of Ch$)  

Contractual Obligations

           

Current accounts and other demand deposits

  Ch$ 5,470,971        —          —          —        Ch$ 5,470,971        —     

Transactions in the course of payments

    159,218        —          —          —          159,218        —     

Savings accounts and time deposits

    9,214,998        397,643        279        30        9,612,950        374,694   

Bonds issued

           

Mortgage finance bonds

    27,064        35,501        21,843        30,788        115,196        32,922   

Subordinated bonds

    38,172        48,378        151,611        508,343        746,504        456,597   

Bonds

    39,982        456,334        358,097        1,360,480        2,214,893        499,328   

Commercial papers (Short-term bonds)

    197,340        —          —          —          197,340        44,489   

Hedge(*)

           

Inflows

           

Corporate bond MXN

    (3,053     (58,199     —          —          (61,252     —     

Corporate bond HKD

    (3,149     (6,309     (6,332     (110,408     (126,198     —     

Corporate bond PEN

    (1,138     (2,276     (16,358     —          (19,772     —     

Outflows

           

Cross currency swap MXN

    3,053        58,199        —          —          61,252        —     

Cross currency swap HKD

    3,149        6,309        6,332        110,408        126,198        —     

Cross currency swap PEN

    1,138        2,276        16,358        —          19,772        —     

Borrowings from financial institutions

    976,315        132,366        —          —          1,108,681        —     

Other obligations

    113,117        10,534        7,201        31,271        162,123        —     

Lease contracts

    26,054        37,094        27,066        49,523        139,737        —     

Services contracts

    6,676        4,242        —          —          10,918        —     

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

    224,793        1,603        —          —          226,396        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 16,494,700      Ch$ 1,123,695      Ch$ 566,097      Ch$ 1,980,435      Ch$ 20,164,927      Ch$ 1,408,030   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) See note 8(c) of the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Item 6 Directors, Senior Management and Employees

DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT

Directors

Our administration is conducted by our board of directors, which, in accordance with our estatutos (bylaws), consists of eleven directors and two alternate directors. The entire board of directors is elected every three years. Our current board of directors was elected in March 2011 and its term expires in March 2014.

Cumulative voting is permitted for the election of directors. Our chairman and our chief executive officer are appointed by our board of directors and hold their offices at its discretion. Scheduled meetings of our board of directors are held at least twice a month. Extraordinary board of directors meetings may be called by the chairman, when requested by a majority of the directors, or, in limited circumstances, when requested by a single director.

Our current directors are as follows:

 

Director

  

Position

  

Committee Memberships

   Age

Pablo Granifo L.

   Chairman    11    54

Andronico Luksic C.

   Vice Chairman    1    59

Francisco A. Aristeguieta

   Vice Chairman    1    57

Jorge Awad M.

   Director    3    67

Jorge Ergas H.

   Director    3    44

Jean Paul Luksic F.

   Director    1    48

Raúl Anaya E.

   Director    8    59

Gonzalo Menendez D.

   Director    4    64

Fernando Concha U

   Director    3    54

Francisco Perez M.

   Director    2    55

Jaime Estévez V.

   Director    4    66

Rodrigo Manubens M.

   Alternate Director    1    54

Thomas Fürst F.

   Alternate Director    1    82

Pablo Granifo L. was reelected as the chairman of our board of directors in 2011, a position which he has held since 2007. He was our chief executive officer from 2001 to 2007, chief executive officer of Banco de A. Edwards from 2000 to 2001, commercial manager at Banco Santiago from 1995 to 1999 and corporate manager at Banco Santiago from 1999 to 2000. Mr. Granifo is also chairman of the board of directors of Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A., Socofin S.A., Banchile Securitizadora S.A., Banchile Factoring S.A., Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., chairman of the executive committee of Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada, and a member of the board of directors of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A., Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A., Empresa Nacional de Energía Enex S.A., and the Santiago Stock Exchange. He holds a degree in business administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Andrónico Luksic C. has been a director and the vice chairman of our board of directors since 2002. Mr. Luksic is also chairman of LQIF, Quiñenco S.A. and Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A., vice chairman of Compañía Sud Americana de Vapores S.A. and a member of the board of directors of Madeco S.A., and Sociedad de Fomento Fabril (SOFOFA). Mr. Luksic is a member of the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) and Vice President of the International Business Leaders’ Advisory Council for the Mayor of Shanghai. He is also a member of the International Advisory Council of Barrick Gold, the Brookings Institution, the Panama Canal Authority and the Chairman’s International Council of the Council of the Americas. Mr. Luksic is a member of the board of trustees of Babson College, the Harvard Global Advisory Council, the Dean’s Council at Harvard Kennedy School, the Advisory Committee at Harvard Business School, the Advisory Committee of the David Rockefeller Center of Harvard University, the Advisory Council of the School of Economics and Management of Tsinghua University, and a member of the Latin American Executive Board of MIT Sloan School of Management. Mr. Andrónico Luksic and Mr. Jean Paul Luksic are brothers.

 

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Francisco A. Aristeguieta has been a member and vice chairman of our board of directors since April 2012. As the Chief Executive Officer of Citigroup Latin America, since January 2012, Mr. Aristeguieta has been responsible for all businesses and products in the 23 countries where Citigroup has a presence. Mr. Aristeguieta was previously Citigroup’s Region Head of Global Transaction Services (GTS) for Latin America and Mexico, a member of the Comité Ejecutivo of Banco Nacional de México (Banamex), a member of the GTS’ Executive Committee, and Citigroup’s CEO of Colombia and the Andean Region Cluster, which then consisted of Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. Prior to this role, Mr. Aristeguieta was the Chief Country Officer (CCO) in Venezuela and before that, in Ecuador. Mr. Aristeguieta is a member of Citi’s Global Operating Committee and has been a member of the Young President Organization (IPO) since 2003. In addition, he serves on the Board of Directors of Junior Achievement Americas and has served on several other Boards, including the Banking Associations and American Chambers of Commerce of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela, and the Consejo de Empresas Americanas de Colombia (CEA). Mr. Aristeguieta holds an MBA from Brunel University in London, England, and both a graduate degree in Finance and Banking and an undergraduate degree in Business Administration from the Universidad Metropolitana in Caracas, Venezuela.

Jorge Awad M. has been a member of our board of directors since 1996. From 1989 to 1996, he was a member of the board of directors of Banco de Santiago. Since 2011, Mr. Awad has been the chairman of the Chilean Bankers Association. He is a member of the board of directors of Icare, Talca University and UCV TV. Previously, Mr. Awad was a director of Codelco Chile, Television Nacional de Chile, Laboratorio Chile S.A. and other Chilean companies. Previously, Mr. Awad was the chairman of Lan Airlines S.A. for eighteen years until 2012. He is also a professor of management at Universidad de Chile Economics School from which he obtained a degree in commercial engineering.

Jorge Ergas H. was appointed member of our board of directors on March 2011 after having served as an advisor to the board of directors since 2007 and from 2002 to 2005. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Ergas was an Alternate Director. Mr. Ergas is currently the Vice-Chairman of Banchile Compañía de Seguros de Vida S.A., Vice-Chairman of Orion Seguros Generales S.A., President of Movicenter and a director of Inersa S.A., Nido de Águilas Educational Foundation, and Ever I BAE. Mr. Ergas was previously a director of the Plaza San Francisco Hotel, CasaPiedra Convention Center, HNS Bank and Inmobiliaria Paidahue.

Jean Paul Luksic F. was appointed member of our board of directors on April 2013. Mr. Luksic is vice chairman of Quiñenco S.A. and Sociedad Matriz SAAM S.A. Mr. Luksic has been chairman of the board of directors of Antofagasta plc since 2004, after having served as director for the company since 1990 and Deputy Chairman since 2000. Mr. Luksic was the Chief Executive Officer of Antofagasta Minerals until his appointment as Chairman of Antofagasta plc. He is also chairman of the board of Antofagasta Minerals, Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia, and Aguas Antofagasta, as well as chairman of the Mining Council. Mr. Luksic holds a B.Sc. degree in management and science from the London School of Economics.

Raúl Anaya E. has been a member of our board of directors since January 2008. He has been with Citigroup for 25 years and currently serves as the Latin American chief executive officer for the Consumer and Commercial Banking division. Mr. Anaya has previously served as head of global retail banking and chief executive officer of Citigroup’s Global Consumer Banking Council. He has also served as CEO of Citigroup Inc.’s businesses in Central America and the Caribbean, covering corporate, investment and consumer banking. From December 2005 to July 2008, Mr. Anaya was the CEO of Latin America’s (except Brazil and Mexico) Consumer Group. Mr. Anaya was named to his position after serving as Retail Head for Latin America since February 2005. From August 2003 to January 2005, he was Executive Director of Consumer Assets at Banamex in Mexico and responsible for mortgages, personal loans and car financing. Prior to this position, Mr. Anaya served as Division Director for the Central Metropolitan Retail Banking Division at Banamex. From May 1999 to January 2002, he was Chairman and CEO of Banco Bansud S.A. (formerly a subsidiary of Banamex) in Argentina. Mr. Anaya joined Citibank at Banamex’s New York Agency in October 1987 and later became General Manager of the Banamex Agency in Los Angeles, Executive Vice-President of the Corporate Banking and International Division at California Commerce Bank, General Manager of the Banamex Agency in Houston and General Manager of the Banamex Agency in New York.

Gonzalo Menendez D. has been a member of our board of directors since 2001. He is also the chairman of the board of directors of Inversiones Vita S.A. and a member of the boards of directors of several other companies, including Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A., Banchile Factoring S.A., Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A., Quiñenco

 

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S.A., Compañía Sudamericana de Vapores S.A., Sudamericana Agencias Aéreas y Marítimas S.A., Antofagasta PLC, Mining Group Antofagasta Minerals S.A., Antofagasta Railway, Aguas de Antofagasta S.A., Andsberg Investment Ltd., SAAM S.A., and Andsberg Limited. He is also vice chairman of Fundación Andronico Luksic A. and Fundación Pascual Baburizza. Previously, Mr. Menendez served as chief executive officer of Antofagasta Railway to Bolivia, Banco O’Higgins and Empresas Lucchetti. Since 1990, he has been a director and is now the chairman of the board of directors of the Banco Latinoamericano de Comercio Exterior, S.A. Bladex. Mr. Menendez was a member of the board of directors and the executive committee of Banco Santiago and a member of the board of directors of Banco de A. Edwards. Mr. Menendez was a professor of finance and Chilean economic and business policy at the Universidad de Chile. He holds a degree in business administration and accounting from the Universidad de Chile.

Fernando Concha U. was appointed member of our board of directors in March 2011. Mr. Concha is managing director of Citigroup Chile and a member of the Accival Brokerage House Executive Committee and Wealth Management in Mexico. Prior to this position, Mr. Concha was the chief executive officer of Citigroup for the Andean, Central America & Caribbean Region and the South America Region, excluding Brazil. From January to July 2008, he worked for Banco de Chile as head of corporate and investment banking after the merger with Citibank Chile. In addition, Mr. Concha was the Citigroup Country Officer for Chile from April 2006 to December 2007, after working in Banamex-Citigroup, Mexico City, for over eight years in different capacities. His last position was as Mexico Regional Treasurer. Throughout his professional career, Mr. Concha has occupied positions of leadership, serving as country treasurer and head of capital markets Citibank in Mexico and Divisional Treasurer with Citibank Latin America North Division in Miami, FL. Prior to his international assignment, Mr. Concha was the head of investment banking with Citibank Chile. From 1986 to 1992, he worked as a Senior Investment Officer for AFP Provida. He was also appointed member of the board of the Mexican Derivatives Market, Mex-Der, President of the Brokerage House for Citibank Mexico and Vice Chairman of the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile, Bolsa de Valores. Currently he is a member of the Techo Business Council. Mr. Concha has a degree in Business Administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and has received training in different Executive Programs in the U.S., Europe and Latin America.

Francisco Perez M. has been a member of our board of directors since 2001. Since 1998, Mr. Perez has also served as the chief executive officer of Quiñenco S.A. Mr. Pérez is also chairman of the board of directors of Compañía Sud Americana de Vapores S.A. and Empresa Nacional de Energía Enex S.A., and vice chairman of Madeco S.A.. He was formerly the chief executive officer of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A., of which he is still a director. Prior to 1991, Mr. Perez was chief executive officer of Citicorp Chile and also was vice president of Bankers Trust in Chile. Mr. Perez holds a degree in business administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and a master’s degree in business administration from the University of Chicago.

Jaime Estévez V. has been a member of our board of directors since 2007 and is currently the chairman of the board of directors of Cruzados SADP. Previously, Mr. Estévez was chairman of the board of directors of Banco Estado, a Chilean government-owned bank. Additionally, he has served as a director AFP Provida and AFP Protección, two Chilean private investment pension funds, and as director of Endesa Chile S.A. Mr. Estévez was Minister of Public Works from January 2005 to March 2006, and simultaneously, as Minister of Transportation and Telecommunications. He was also a congressman from March 1990 to March 1998 and president of the Lower Chamber of Congress from March 1995 to November 1996. Mr. Estévez holds a degree in economics from the Universidad de Chile.

Rodrigo Manubens M. has been a member of our board of directors since 2001. He is the chairman of Banchile Compañía de Seguros de Vida S.A. and a director and chairman of the Director Committee of Aguas Andinas S.A. Mr. Manubens was a member of the board of directors of Banco de A. Edwards from 1999 until 2001. From 1985 to 1999, Mr. Manubens was a member of the board of directors of Banco O’Higgins and retained such position following the merger between Banco O’Higgings and Banco Santiago. From 1995 to 1999, he was chairman of Banco Tornquist in Argentina and a member of the board of directors of Banco Sur in Peru and Banco Asunción in Paraguay. Mr. Manubens also served as a director and chairman of the board of directors of Endesa Chile S.A for ten years. Mr. Manubens holds a degree in business administration from Universidad Adolfo Ibañez and a master’s degree from the London School of Economics and Political Science.

Thomas G. Fürst has been a member of our board of directors since 2004. Previously, Mr. Fürst was the vice chairman of the board of directors of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. and a member of the board of

 

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directors of several other companies, including Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A., Viña Dassault-San Pedro S.A, Southern Breweries Establishment, CCU Argentina S.A. and Compañía Industrial Cerveceria S.A. (CICSA). Mr. Fürst was a founder and member of the board of directors of Parque Arauco. In addition, he is a partner and member of the board of directors of Plaza S.A. and Nuevos Desarrollos S.A. Mr. Fürst holds a degree in civil construction from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Former director

On March 27, 2013 Mr. Guillermo Luksic, a distinguished member of our board of directors since 2001 and a member of the controlling group of our bank, passed away.

Senior Management

Our current executive officers are as follows:

 

Executive Officers

  

Position

   Age

Arturo Tagle Quiroz

   Chief Executive Officer    54

Pedro Samhan E

   Chief Financial Officer    62

Nelson Rojas P.

   General Legal Counsel    59

Mauricio Baeza L.

   Manager—Corporate Credit Risk Division    50

Jorge Tagle O.

   Manager—Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking)    43

Patricio Melo G.

   Manager—Operations and Technology Division    53

Cristián Lagos C.

   Manager—Human Resources Division    47

Eduardo Ebensperger O.

   Manager—Wholesale, Large Corporations and Real Estate Division    47

Juan Cooper A.

   Manager—Consumer Finance Division    51

Felipe Echaiz B.

   Manager—Global Compliance Division    46

Vacant

   Manager—Corporate and Investment Banking Division   

Oscar Mehech C.

   Manager—Risk Control Division    48

Arturo Tagle Q. was appointed our Chief Executive Officer in May 2010. From November 2009 to April 2010, he was the Managing Director of our Institutional and Investors Relations Division, and from 2008 to November 2009 he was the Managing Director of our Strategic Development Division. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. Tagle was our Chief Financial Officer and from 1998 to 2001 he was head of our Internal Audit and Control Division. Mr. Tagle joined us in 1995. From 1990 to 1994, he was General Manager of the Chilean Bankers Association, and from 1984 to 1989 Director of Research at the Superintendency of Banks. Mr. Tagle is also the Chief Executive Officer of Sociedad Matriz del Banco de Chile S.A. and SAOS since 1996. He holds a degree in Business Administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Chicago.

Pedro Samhan E. was appointed our chief financial officer in January 2008. In August 2008, he was appointed as director of Banchile Trade Services Limited. Prior to his current position, Mr. Samhan was the chief financial officer of Citigroup Chile for several years. He served as a member of the board of directors of Cruz Blanca Seguros de Vida from 1994 to 1997, AFP Habitat from 1996 to 2006 and Compañía Minera Las Luces from 1994 to 1996. Mr. Samhan was chief financial officer of Citicorp for Caribbean and Central America from 1990 to 1993 and investment banking head of Citicorp Chile from 1988 to 1990. Mr. Samhan holds a degree in civil industrial engineering from Universidad de Chile.

.Nelson Rojas P. has been our general counsel and secretary of our board of directors since 2004. In 2002, he joined us as deputy general counsel. Mr. Rojas joined Banco de A. Edwards in 1987 and was the general counsel and secretary of the board of directors of Banco de A. Edwards from 1997 to 2002. He is also vice president of the legal affairs committee of the Chilean Bank Association. Mr. Rojas holds a degree in law from the Universidad de Chile.

 

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Mauricio Baeza L. has been the manager of our Credit Risk Division since December 2005. Mr. Baeza joined us in 1997 and was manager of the risk division of Banco de A. Edwards during 2001. He was risk manager at Banco Santiago from 1993 to 1997. He is the secretary of our director’s loan committee, SOCOFIN S.A. Committee Advisor, Finance, International and Financial Risk Committee Advisor, and participates of the Portfolio Risk Committee and the Operational Risk Committee. Currently he is Chairman of the Risk Comitte of the Chilean Banking Association. Mr. Baeza is also a member of the Investment committee of Banchile Fondo Inmobiliario and he is a director of the Foundation Villa Padre Hurtado a charity organization. Mr. Baeza holds a degree in civil engineering from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Jorge Tagle O. leads our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking), including Marketing, Individual and Small and Medium-Sized Companies and Branches since September 2012, and before that he was our Vice-Chief Executive Officer since October 2011. Previously, Mr. Tagle served in different executive positions mainly within the Luksic Group. From September 2008 to August 2011, he was Executive Vice-President of Nexans S.A.. Between 2005 and 2008, he was Corporate General Manager of Alusa S.A. From 2002 to 2005, he was Chief Financial Officer of industrial conglomerate Madeco S.A. From 1999 to 2002, he was the Manager for New Projects at Quiñenco S.A. the holding company of the Luksic Group. Mr. Tagle holds a degree in civil industrial engineering from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and a master’s degree in Business Administration from Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.

Cristián Lagos C. joined us as manager of our Human Resources Division in May 2012. From 2008 to March 2012 he was the Corporate People and Reputational Manager of Compañía General de Electricidad S.A. Before that, he was the Manager of the Planification and Human Resources Division of Banco Sudaméricano, and after the merger between this Bank and Scotiabank, he occupied the same position in the latter. Additionally, he was the Human Resources manager of Chilesat S.A., and Corporate Manager of Telmex S.A after the merger of Chilesat S.A. with said company. Mr. Lagos is a psychologist of the Diego Portales University, and he participated in the PDD Program of ESE.

Patricio Melo was appointed manager of our Operations and Technology Division on July 1, 2008. He was chief executive officer for Altec Brasil SA from 2006 to June 2008, and was responsible for technological management of Banco Santander in Brazil. He was chief executive officer for Altec Chile from 2001 to 2005. From 1992 to 2000, he joined Banco Santander in Chile and Perú as an operations and technology manager. Mr. Melo is the chairman of the Operations and Technology Committee of the Chilean Banking Association. He has also been a member of various boards of directors such as that of Redbanc S.A., ALTEC México and ALTEC Chile. Mr. Melo holds a degree in electronic engineering from the Universidad Federico Santa María.

Eduardo Ebensperger O. has been the Managing Director of the Wholesale, Large Companies and Real Estate Division since January 2008; before he was Manager of the Middle Market Companies Division from 2005 to 2007, and was previously the Chief Executive Officer of Banchile Factoring S.A. from 2002 to 2005. He joined Banco de A. Edwards in 1989. Mr. Ebensperger was Manager of the Medium Size Companies Division and Manager of the regional branches of Banco de A. Edwards from 1997 to 2001. Presently, Mr. Ebensperger is the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Artikos S.A. He is also currently a member of the Board of Banchile Citi Global Markets (Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.), Banchile Factoring S.A. and Banchile Securitizadora S.A., and he is a member of the Leasing Committee and GTS Committee. Mr. Ebensperger holds a degree in Business and Economic Science from the Universidad de Chile.

Juan Cooper A. has been the manager of our Consumer Finance Division Banco CrediChile since 2003. He was the chief executive officer of Altavida Santander Compañía de Seguros de Vida S.A. from 2001 to 2002 and the manager of Santiago Express, the consumer division of Banco Santiago, from 1997 to 2000. He is also currently a member of the board of directors of Socofin S.A., and a member of the executive committee of Banchile Corredores Seguros Limitada. Mr. Cooper has a degree in business administration from the Universidad de Chile and a master’s degree in business administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

 

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Felipe Echaiz B. has been the manager of our Global Compliance Division since January 2008. He joined us as a result of our merger with Citibank Chile. Mr. Echaiz worked at Citibank for ten years and was Citigroup Inc.’s country compliance officer from 2006 to 2007. In 2003, he was the deputy director to the Anti-Money Laundering and Organized Crime Unit at the Public Prosecutor’s Office. Mr. Echaiz is a member of the executive committee for Anti-Money Laundering of the Chilean Banks Association and holds a degree in law from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and a master’s degree in finance and economics from the Universidad de Chile.

Oscar Mehech C. was appointed head of our Risk Control Division in July 2008 after holding various positions with us, which include being head of our Regulatory Policies Division, head of our Global Compliance Division and deputy general counsel. Prior to joining us in 2002, he was deputy general counsel at Banco de A. Edwards. Mr. Mehech is the chairman of the internal audit committee of the Chilean Banking Association and a member of the surveillance committee of Depósito Central de Valores S.A. He holds a law degree from Universidad de Chile and a master’s degree in business administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

COMPENSATION

The table below presents the amount of compensation, as established by our shareholders, to the members of our board of directors for the year ended December 31, 2012. These amounts include remuneration for services, fees for attendance at meetings of our board of directors, meetings of committees of our board of directors and meetings of board of directors of our subsidiaries, consulting services and travel expenses.

 

Name of Director

   Remuneration      Fees for
Attending
Meetings of
our Board of
Directors
     Fees for Attending Meetings
of Committees of our Board
of Directors and Meetings
of the Board of Directors of
our Subsidiaries
     Total  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Pablo Granifo Lavín

   Ch$ 358       Ch$ 45       Ch$ 294       Ch$ 697   

Andrónico Luksic Craig

     147         8         —           155   

Jorge Awad Mehech

     49         23         110         182   

Jorge Ergas Heymann

     49         17         47         113   

Jaime Estévez Valencia

     49         23         92         164   

Guillermo Luksic Craig

     49         4         —           53   

Rodrigo Manubens Moltedo

     49         23         49         121   

Gonzalo Menéndez Duque

     49         21         112         182   

Francisco Pérez Mackenna

     49         17         50         116   

Thomas Fürst Freiwirth

     49         18         37         104   

Jacob Ergas Ergas

     —           —           9         9   

Other subsidiary directors

     —           —           165         165   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 897       Ch$ 199       Ch$ 965       Ch$ 2,061   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Consistent with Chilean law, we do not disclose to our shareholders, or otherwise make public, information regarding the compensation of our executive officers. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the aggregate amount of compensation paid to our executive officers, including the executive officers of our subsidiaries, was Ch$8,359 million. Pursuant to the Chilean Corporations Law, our directors/audit committee must approve compensation plans, but we are not required to have a compensation committee. For the year ended December 31, 2012, no amounts were set aside or accrued by us to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for our directors and officers. None of our directors is a party to any agreement with us or any of our subsidiaries that provides for benefits upon termination of his appointment as a director.

 

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Indebtedness of Directors and Executive Officers

As disclosed in Note 38(c) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report, we incurred an aggregate of Ch$119,768 million in expenses and Ch$112,391 million in income from transactions other than loans with related parties in 2012.

As authorized by the General Banking Law, and within applicable regulatory limits, we also hold several outstanding loans owed by different affiliated corporations. All such loans:

 

 

were made in the ordinary course of business;

 

 

were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rate and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons; and

 

 

did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

We held an aggregate of Ch$333,192 million in net loans (provisions for loan losses not deducted) to related parties, including Ch$66,586 million in collateral pledged by related parties, as of December 31, 2012. See Note 38(a) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report for details concerning these transactions.

For a further description of transactions with related parties, including directors, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions.”

 

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BOARD PRACTICES

Governance Practices

The board of directors delegates certain functions and activities to our committees to research, evaluate and report to the board of directors regarding specific matters which may affect our businesses.

The Directors/Audit Committee

Prior to March 24, 2005, our directors committee and audit committee were separate committees performing independent functions for the board of directors. On March 24, 2005, the board of directors approved the merger of our directors committee with our audit committee, forming the directors/audit committee. The directors/audit committee’s primary objectives are to seek the efficiency, maintenance, application and functioning of our internal control systems and compliance with applicable rules and procedures governing our business; to identify our business risks; to supervise the activities of both the Risk Control Division and the Global Compliance Division, ensuring their independence from management; to serve as an mediator and coordinator of tasks between the internal audit work and our independent auditors; and to act as a communication channel between our internal audit team, our independent auditors and our board of directors.

Our directors/audit committee is composed of three members appointed by the board of directors. The directors/audit committee is currently composed of the following individuals:

 

 

Jorge Awad M. (chairman and financial expert);

 

 

Jaime Estevez V.; and

 

 

Fernando Concha U.

Mr. Awad and Mr. Estevez were appointed as members of the directors/audit committee by our board of directors at the meeting held on April 12, 2007. Mr. Concha was appointed to the directors/audit committee by our board of directors at the meeting held on October 25, 2012.

Messrs. Awad and Estevez satisfy the independence requirements of both Chilean law and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and are full voting members of our directors/audit committee.

Mr. Fernando Concha is exempt from the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act pursuant to the exemption under Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(D). Pursuant to that exemption, Mr. Concha is a non-voting member of our directors/audit committee with respect to all matters required to be addressed by our directors/audit committee under U.S. federal securities laws.

The directors/audit committee met 28 times during 2012. The budget of the directors/audit committee is approved annually at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting. The directors/audit committee satisfies the applicable requirements of the Superintendency of Banks and operates pursuant to a charter document. The Superintendency of Banks recommends that at least one of the members of the directors/audit committee be experienced with respect to the accounting procedures and financial aspects of banking operations. The directors/audit committee submits a report regarding its activities to our board of directors after each directors/audit committee meeting and presents an annual report at our ordinary annual shareholder’s meeting. As established in the directors/audit committee’s charter, the chief executive officer, the general counsel and the manager of our Risk Control Division, or their respective deputies, shall also attend the directors/audit committee meetings. The directors/audit committee may also invite other persons to attend meetings.

The directors/audit committee may appoint independent personnel to carry out specific duties. The directors/audit committee’s specific objectives include:

 

 

Seeking efficiency, maintenance, application and functioning of our internal control systems, and compliance with rules and procedures;

 

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Supervising compliance with rules and procedures governing the banking business and identifying the business risks of our and our subsidiaries’ activities;

 

 

Supervising the activities of our Corporate Credit Risk Division and Individual Credit Risk Division, ensuring their independence from management;

 

 

Supervising the activities of the Global Compliance Division, serving as an intermediator and coordinator of tasks between our internal audit work and our independent auditors, and acting as communication channel between these teams and our board of directors;

 

 

Examining the fees budget for our independent auditors and the credit rating agencies;

 

 

Analyzing the reports, content, procedures and scope of the revisions by our independent auditors and credit rating agencies;

 

 

Analyzing and generating information on the annual internal audit program and the results of internal audits and revisions;

 

 

Analyzing the interim and annual financial statements;

 

 

Analyzing our financial statements included in the Form 20-F, for presentation to the SEC;

 

 

Gathering information on accounting changes occurring during the year and their effects;

 

 

Reviewing issues affecting the internal control systems;

 

 

Analyzing the remuneration systems and compensation plans for managers and executive officers;

 

 

Analyzing the 2012 annual performance self-evaluation process;

 

 

Analyzing related party transactions in reference to Title XVI of Chilean Corporations Law;

 

 

Analyzing policies relating to operational risk and progress in the risk-management process and SOX self-evaluation, in the context of Basel II;

 

 

Analyzing and informing on matters related to the Global Compliance Division, principally regarding the revision of policies for detecting and sanctioning money laundering transactions; and

 

 

Reviewing customer claims filed with the Superintendency of Banks and the Customer defense Division of the Chilean Association of Banks and Financial Institutions.

Portfolio Risk Committee

The main function of the portfolio risk committee is to inform our board of directors of changes in the composition and risk of our loan portfolio, and our corresponding global exposure, sector-specific exposure or business-specific exposure. The portfolio risk committee closely reviews the performance of our principal debtors, overdue loan ratios, past-due loan indicators, write-offs and allowances for loan losses.

The portfolio risk committee prepares proposals for discussion with, and approval by, our board of directors with respect to credit policies, portfolio evaluation methods and the calculation of allowances for expected loan losses. The portfolio risk committee also performs analysis of the adequacy of allowances, authorizes extraordinary charge-offs of loans once recovery attempts have been exhausted and controls the liquidation of assets acquired in lieu of payment.

The portfolio risk committee meets on a monthly basis and is composed of the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, one additional director, the manager of our Corporate Credit Risk Division, the manager of our Individual Credit Risk Division and the manager of our Risk Control Division.

 

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Credit Committees

Our governance structure relating to the evaluation process of commercial loans is based on the segments and risks involved. Each credit decision should be made with the participation of committee members with sufficient authority over a particular type of loan.

A member of the Corporate Credit Risk Division is required to approve most credit decisions exceeding UF 6,000. Such decisions are made by different loan committees, the highest of which, in terms of hierarchy, is the board loan committee, composed of our chief executive officer, the manager of our Corporate Credit Risk Division and at least three members of our board of directors, all of whom review all transactions exceeding UF 750,000 on a weekly basis. Any member of the board of directors may participate in the board loan committee.

The Corporate Credit Risk Division participates independently and autonomously in each committee from our business areas.

For retail banking, we have loan committees that in exceptional cases review individual customers when they do not meet our customer profile policies, payment behavior requirements or maximum financing amounts.

Finance, International and Market Risk Committee

The main function of the finance, international and market risk committee is to analyze the evolution of our financial positions and the market risks (price and liquidity) that these financial positions generated, particularly the control of risks related to internal and regulatory limits and/or warnings. This committee also analyzes international financial exposure and major credit exposures generated by derivative transactions.

The finance, international and market risk committee meets monthly and is composed of the chairman of our board of directors, four other members of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, the manager of our Corporate Credit Risk Division, the manager of our Corporate and Investment Banking Division, our chief financial officer, our corporate treasurer and the manager of our financial risk area. Committee members conduct analyses and make presentations to the committee regarding certain matters, including:

 

 

Knowledge of the current status of market risk, which permits forecasting potential future losses;

 

 

Review of estimated results of certain financial positions generated in isolation in order to measure the risk-return ratio of the treasury businesses, as well as changes in and forecasts of the use of capital based on best estimates of future credit and market risks;

 

 

Analysis of the liabilities of the international financial exposure and major credit exposures generated by derivative transactions; and

 

 

The design of policies and procedures for setting controlling and reporting financial position limits and warnings.

Asset Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Prevention Committee

The asset laundering and financing of terrorism prevention committee was set up in April 2006 with the purpose of defining the policies and procedures that would comprise the asset laundering and financing of terrorism prevention system, as well as evaluating compliance and deciding on all matters related to these subjects.

This committee includes the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, our general counsel, the manager of our Operations and Technology Division and the chief executive officer of Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. The manager of our Risk Control Division, the manager of our Global Compliance Division and the manager of our asset laundering prevention area may also attend and participate in the meetings.

 

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The asset laundering and financing of terrorism prevention committee meets monthly and has the following functions:

 

 

To approve the policies and procedures concerning the gathering of information on customers and their activities and the acceptance and monitoring of their accounts, products and operations;

 

 

To approve policies and procedures concerning unusual transaction detection systems; formal channels of information to senior management; and monitoring, analysis and reporting mechanisms;

 

 

To approve policies and procedures concerning surveillance methods and relations with correspondent banks;

 

 

To approve policies and procedures concerning staff selection, training programs and codes of conduct;

 

 

To approve the policies and procedures concerning asset laundering and terrorism financing prevention;

 

 

To appoint persons to perform specific functions in accordance with current regulations on the prevention of asset laundering and terrorism financing;

 

 

To analyze the results of the reviews conducted to verify compliance with current policies and procedures;

 

 

To consider the transactions analyzed and decisions made by the transactions analysis committee;

 

 

To consider activities developed to train staff in asset laundering and terrorism financing prevention;

 

 

To consider and approve modifications to procedures proposed by our Global Compliance Division that improve existing controls for the prevention of asset laundering and terrorism financing; and

 

 

To inform our board of directors of regulatory changes related to the prevention of asset laundering and financing of terrorism.

Disclosure Committee

In May 2003, we established the disclosure committee to ensure accurate market disclosure of our and our subsidiaries’ consolidated financial information. The members of the disclosure committee include our chief accountant, our senior lawyer for international matters and the manager of our research and planning area, together with the manager of our Institutional and Investor Relations Division, our chief financial officer and the manager of our Risk Control Division.

The members of the disclosure committee are involved in reviewing quarterly reports and in general all financial information disclosed by us prior to each disclosure.

Ethics Committee

The ethics committee was established in 2005 to define, promote and regulate behavior of professional and personal excellence consistent with our philosophy and values to be followed by all our staff in order to meet the expectations of our customers.

To meet these goals and promote a culture of ethical behavior, the ethics committee sets policies on ethics and ensures their compliance, develops training plans related to ethics in our business, and reinforces positive behavior among our staff. The ethics committee also acts as a forum to address, discuss and resolve any conduct by our staff that is inconsistent with our values. This committee is chaired by the manager of our Human Resources Division and includes our general counsel, the manager of our Risk Control Division, the manager of our Global Compliance Division, the manager of our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking), the manager of our Operations and Technology Division, and the manager of our Wholesale, Large Corporations and Real Estate Division.

 

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Citigroup and Banco de Chile Cooperation Agreements Committees

In order to control and review the evolution of the joint initiatives resulting from our strategic association with Citigroup Inc., additionally to the Global Connectivity Agreement Steering Committee, the following committees have been set up: (i) Global Transaction Services Committee; (ii) International Personal Banking Committee; (iii) Investment Banking Committee; (iv) Retail Initiatives Committee; and (v) Financial Control Committee of the Cooperation Agreement. The committees mentioned above are composed of the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer and two members of our board of directors that have been appointed by Citigroup Inc. Also taking part in these meetings, except in the Global Connectivity Agreement Steering Committee, are division managers for each particular business line and the managers of the areas directly responsible for the respective business.

The main purpose of the Global Connectivity Agreement Steering Committee is to act as a communication link between Banco de Chile and Citigroup in connection with the agreements entered into between them. The purposes of the other committees are:

(i) Global Transaction Services Committee (GTS)

The global transaction services committee was set up with the purpose of monitoring the overall performance of the transactional services areas in accordance with the Global Connectivity and Cooperation Agreements and, in particular, the functions of local and international cash management and custody for foreign investors.

(ii) International Personal Banking Committee (IPB)

The main goal of the international personal banking committee is to monitor the performance of the IPB unit in Banco de Chile in relation to the services provided by us to Citibank with respect to certain financial products and services offered abroad to residents of Chile. This committee seeks to strengthen Citibank’s commercial activities with individuals that are not residents of the United States.

(iii) Investment Banking Committee

The objective of the investment banking committee is to foster the development of cross-border merger and acquisition transactions, debt issuances and acquisitions, and capital markets for our customers and customers of Citigroup Inc. doing business in Chile. This committee is responsible for monitoring the execution of transactions performed under the Global Connectivity Agreement and collaborating in investment banking business opportunities.

(iv) Retail Initiatives Committee

The main purpose of this committee is to share best practices and business opportunities between both institutions.

(v) Financial Control Committee of the Cooperation Agreement

The most important purpose of the financial control committee of the Cooperation Agreement is to monitor in detail the operative and financial performance of the Global Connectivity and Cooperation Agreements.

 

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Approval of Policies and Procedures under the Merger Agreement

The Merger Agreement between us and Citibank Chile provided that as a general rule our board of directors would approve and implement certain policies relating to the operation of the joint entity. At the time of filing of this annual report, policies regarding the following issues were approved and implemented:

 

 

Anti-Money Laundering;

 

 

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;

 

 

Office of Foreign Assets Control;

 

 

Insider Trading;

 

 

Regulation K—Debts Previously Contracted;

 

 

Regulation K—Equity Activity;

 

 

Regulation W (23 A/B);

 

 

Code of Conduct;

 

 

Fair Lending;

 

 

Personal Trading Policy;

 

 

Loans to Directors;

 

 

Independent Research;

 

 

Charitable Contributions;

 

Chinese Walls;

 

 

Anti-Tying;

 

 

Mandatory Absence Policy;

 

 

Compliance Policy/Program;

 

 

Administration of Subsidiaries;

 

 

Fraud Management;

 

 

Anti-Boycott;

 

 

Issue Tracking, Management and Escalation Process;

 

 

Operational Risk;

 

 

Credit Risk;

 

 

Vendor Selection and Management Process;

 

 

Web Site Standards;

 

 

Capital Expenditure Policy;

 

 

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Expense Management Policy;

 

 

Accounting Policies and Procedures;

 

 

New Products and Services Policy;

 

 

Tax Standards for Tax Sensitive Transactions;

 

 

Tax Policy and Procedures; and

 

 

Fiduciary Policy.

In addition to the policies mentioned above, we are in the process of supplementing other policies currently in force that are material to our business, such as prevention of asset-laundering, credit risk and market risk.

Upper Management Committee

The upper management committee, the highest coordinating body of our upper management, is chaired by our chief executive officer, and its principal function is to discuss main strategic guidelines and to analyze the market and the banking industry.

This committee resolves issues relating to our internal policies and analyzes our performance. In this committee, numerous divisions exchange their points of view as to our business and prioritize joint initiatives. Each year, this committee outlines the foundations for our annual plan. After the individual annual plan for each business area is agreed upon by our chief executive officer and each division manager, under the coordination of our chief financial officer, the overall plan is submitted to our board of directors for approval. This committee also reviews progress and budgets for approved plans on a monthly basis.

Operational Risk Executive Committee

Created in 2009, the operational risk executive committee is responsible for identifying, prioritizing and establishing strategies to mitigate key operational risk events relating to internal and external fraud; risks associated with customer, product and business practices; damage to tangible assets; and disturbance of normal activity resulting from system malfunctions or failures in executing, delivering and processing products/services. This committee is also responsible for defining and evaluating our corporate strategy for managing operational risk, establishing guidelines and directing efforts to create controls and improve internal processes in order to reduce operational losses.

To comply with these objectives and foster an awareness of operational risk, this committee promotes a series of training activities and communicates to our staff important information relating to operating risks.

This committee is chaired by our chief executive officer and includes our chief financial officer, the head of the security and risk prevention area, the manager of our Risk Control Division, the manager of our Operations and Technology Division and the manager of our operational risk area.

Internal Communications Committee

The internal communications committee defines policies and designs our action plan to ensure that appropriate information reaches all of our employees. This committee ensures that information sent to our employees is adequate to allow them to correctly perform their functions, communicates the organization’s fundamental strategies and policies and its performance, promotes collaboration and team work, fosters personal development, encourages first-rate performance and cultivates a pleasant work environment. The internal communications committee is led by the manager of our Human Resources Division, and includes managers from the following divisions:

 

 

Chief Financial Officer;

 

 

Operations and Technology Division;

 

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Institutional and Investor Relations Division;

 

 

Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking);

 

 

Corporate and Investment Banking Division;

 

 

Wholesale, Large Corporation and Real Estate Division;

 

 

Consumer Finance Division; and

 

 

Development and Quality Manager.

EMPLOYEES

The following table shows a breakdown of our full-time, permanent employees at the dates indicated:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  

Banco de Chile

     10,341         10,482         10,737   

Subsidiaries

     3,675         3,647         3,844   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     14,016         14,129         14,581   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, we had 14,581 employees (on a consolidated basis) of which 6,371 or 43.7% were unionized. As of the same date, all management positions were held by non-unionized employees.

In 2011 we renegotiated three out of the four existing collective agreements that were due to expire in 2012 and signed four-year agreements with all of them. Also, we renegotiated the collective bargaining arrangement related to an agreement that expired in 2011 with “Citibank union” that, as of that date, comprised 1,016 employees, representing 15.0% of our total unionized workforce.

Similarly, during 2012 we renegotiated the existing collective agreements of two of our subsidiaries, Socofin and Promarket, which jointly represented 17.3% of our total workforce as of December 31, 2012. Both of these agreements were due to expire in 2012. For one of the agreements we reached a two-year accord, whereas for the other collective agreement we signed a four-year accord, which are due to expire in 2014 and 2016, respectively.

These collective bargaining processes have allowed us to equalize benefits among all of our employees, since we formerly had differentiated agreements due to our successive merger transactions. We believe these new agreements will improve relations with our employees, which we believe are satisfactory, and simplify the compensation system to employees across the corporation.

We have comprehensive personnel training and development programs that include internal courses on operational, technical and commercial matters as well as participation in external seminars and conferences. In 2012, the total cost of training programs was approximately 0.54% of the Bank’s consolidated personnel salaries and expenses. These expenses were related to 1,069 training courses that were attended by 65,535 people. According to our human resources division, during 2012 97.1% of the Bank’s total personnel attended at least one training course.

We do not maintain any pension or retirement programs for the vast majority of our employees. We do, however, pay certain long-serving key employees a severance payment upon retirement. Although we have provided productivity bonuses to individual employees on a discretionary basis, we do not maintain a formal profit-sharing plan.

 

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SHARE OWNERSHIP

Mr. Andronico Luksic and Mr. Jean Paul Luksic, members of our board of directors since March 2002 and April 2013, respectively, together with members of their family, control Quiñenco S.A. As of April 15, 2013, Quiñenco directly and indirectly owns 50% of LQIF, which in turns owns directly 32.25% of our outstanding shares and 0.14% through Inversiones LQ-SM Ltda. Additionally, Quiñenco S.A. holds 58.51% of the voting rights in Banco de Chile (directly and indirectly through shares of SM-Chile S.A. that are owned by LQIF and Inversiones LQ-SM S.A (“LQ-SM”). See Item 7—Major Shareholders, footnote (3)).

LQIF and LQ-SM, are vehicles incorporated under Chilean law through which Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup hold their ownership interests in Banco de Chile. As part of the strategic partnership between Citigroup and Quiñenco, they entered into a framework agreement which was included in our 6-K filed on July 20, 2007. Pursuant to this agreement and following the merger of Citibank Chile into Banco de Chile, Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup became the shareholders of LQIF, the parent corporation of Sociedad Matriz del Banco de Chile S.A. (“SM-Chile”) and Banco de Chile, among other companies. LQ-SM is an investment vehicle whose major shareholder LQIF owns 99.99% of its shares.

As of April 15, 2013, Citigroup is the owner of 50% of LQIF and Quiñenco, directly and indirectly, owns 50% of LQIF. Regardless of any increase in participation by Citigroup, however, the agreement provides that Quiñenco will remain in control of LQIF and the corporations that are directly or indirectly controlled by LQIF. Accordingly, Quiñenco will maintain the power to elect the majority of the directors of LQIF, SM-Chile and Banco de Chile.

Mr. Jacob Ergas controls Ever I Bae S.p.A., Ever Chile S.p.A. and Inversiones Aspen Limitada. As of April 15, 2013, these holding companies own 2.19%, 2.19% and 1.51% of our outstanding shares, respectively. Mr. Ergas holds 5.89% of the voting rights in Banco de Chile through these holding companies. Mr. Jacob Ergas has not been a member of the board since March 2011, when Mr. Jorge Ergas was appointed to the board of directors. Mr. Jacob Ergas and Mr. Jorge Ergas are father and son.

None of our directors or senior management (other than Mr. Andronico Luksic and Mr. Jean Paul Luksic) owns 1% or more of our outstanding common stock. Further, none of our directors (including Mr. Andronico Luksic and Mr. Jean Paul Luksic) or senior management have different or preferential voting rights with respect to the shares they own.

We do not have any arrangements for involving employees in our capital, including any arrangements that involve the issue or grant of options of our shares or securities.

 

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Item 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

Ownership Structure

As described in “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Bank—History—The 1982–1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt,” the Chilean banking system, including us, experienced significant instability during that time that required the Central Bank and the Chilean Government to provide financial assistance to most Chilean private sector banks which resulted, pursuant to Law No. 18,818 enacted in 1989, in the repurchase by us of our portfolio of non-performing loans from the Central Bank and the assumption of the Central Bank’s subordinated debt relating to our non-performing loans.

In November 1996, pursuant to Law No. 19,396, our shareholders approved a reorganization by which we were converted into a holding company named SM-CHILE S.A. In turn, SM- CHILE S.A. organized a new wholly owned banking subsidiary named Banco de Chile, to which it contributed all of its assets and liabilities other than the Central Bank subordinated debt. In addition, SM- CHILE S.A. incorporated SAOS S.A. (“SAOS”), a special purpose legal vehicle created by Law 19,396, whose only business purpose is to repay the Central Bank indebtedness. In exchange for assuming the Central Bank indebtedness, SAOS received from SM- CHILE S.A. a certain portion of our shares pledged as collateral in favor of the Central Bank of Chile to secure payment to the Central Bank. Pursuant to applicable laws and the bylaws of both SAOS and SM-CHILE S.A., the economic rights of our shares held by SAOS belong to the Chilean Central Bank; however, their voting rights are exercised by the shareholders of SM- CHILE S.A. at Banco de Chile’s shareholders’ meetings.

Currently, our major shareholder LQIF holds 58.40% (together with LQ-SM, as further explained below) of the voting rights of our shares. LQIF and Inversiones LQ-SM Ltda. are vehicles incorporated under Chilean law through which Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup hold their ownership interests in Banco de Chile. The voting rights of LQIF and LQ-SM is the result of the right of LQIF and LQ-SM, pursuant to applicable law and bylaws, to vote (i) our shares owned by LQIF and LQ-SM; (ii) our shares owned by SM- CHILE S.A., based on the ownership percentage of LQIF and LQ-SM in SM-CHILE S.A.; and, (iii) our shares owned by SAOS, as a shareholder of SM- CHILE S.A., based on the ownership percentage of LQIF and LQ-SM in SM-CHILE S.A., at our shareholders’ meetings. According to the bylaws of SM- CHILE S.A., the voting rights of SM- CHILE S.A., shares—Series A, B and D—which in turn possess voting rights over Banco de Chile shares, are exercised in accordance with the following rule: each share of SM- CHILE S.A., exercises the voting rights of one of our shares plus 2.38337827 of our shares owned by SAOS. The latter factor is the result of dividing the number of our shares owned by SAOS (28,593,701,789) by the number of total outstanding shares of SM-CHILE S.A., Series A, B and D (11,997,131,195). Consequently, each SM-CHILE S.A. share (Series A, B and D) with voting rights over our shares may vote 3.38337827 shares of Banco de Chile. SM-CHILE S.A.’s Series E exercises voting rights of Banco de Chile shares in a one-to-one ratio.

Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of outstanding shares (including Banco de Chile-T series shares) as of April 15, 2013 for the following:

 

 

each person or entity who is known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding shares capital or voting rights; and SAOS, LQIF and SM-Chile S.A.

 

 

our directors and members of our executive management group, as a group.

 

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Ownership in Banco de Chile(1)

(As of April 15, 2013)

 

Name

   Amount Owned      Percentage  

SAOS(2)

     28,593,701,789         31.09

SM- CHILE S.A.

     12,138,537,826         13.20

LQIF and LQ-SM(3)

     29,795,295,881         32.39

Jacob Ergas(4)

     5,418,034,824         5.89

Directors and executive officers as a group

     25,325,145         0.03

Voting Rights in Banco de Chile

(As of April 15, 2013)

 

Name

   Amount Owned      Percentage  

LQIF and LQ-SM(5)

     53,713,237,424         58.40

Jacob Ergas

     5,418,034,824         5.89

Directors and executive officers as a group

     56,127,992         0.06

 

(1) Percentages are based on 91,977,302,953 shares outstanding as of April 15, 2013, including Banco de Chile-T series shares. Currently we have Banco de Chile´shares and Banco de Chile-T series shares outstanding. Each share has one vote and all shares have identical voting rights, with the exception that Banco de Chile-T series shares will not receive dividends or fully paid-in shares in respect of our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once any dividends and/or fully paid-in shares are distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares will automatically convert into Banco de Chile shares. We have no shares outstanding with special voting rights.
(2) SM-CHILE S.A. beneficially owns 100% of SAOS. Our shares owned by SAOS, (which are all pledged as collateral in favor of the Chilean Central Bank to secure repayment of the Central Bank indebtedness) possess economic rights that belong to the Chilean Central Bank, although the voting rights, pursuant to the by-laws of both SAOS and SM-CHILE S.A., are exercised by the shareholders of SM-CHILE S.A., at the Bank’s shareholders’ meetings. In terms of economic rights, all classes of shares of SM-Chile have the right to receive dividends, with the exception of class A shares, which are not afforded with this right (classes B, D and E are entitled to dividends from the income generated by SM-Chile when we decide to distribute dividends).
(3) LQIF and LQ-SM hold 47.13% and 11.11%, respectively, of SM-Chile’s total shares. The total percentage ownership of LQIF and LQ-SM in SM-CHILE S.A., was calculated by adding the total number of shares of LQIF and LQ-SM, as shareholders of record, divided by the total number of shares issued by SM-Chile S.A. LQIF and LQ-SM do not beneficially own all of our shares owned by SM-CHILE S.A. because SM-CHILE S.A. has, as of April 15, 2013, a total of 18,282 shareholders. LQ-SM is an investment vehicle whose major shareholder LQIF owns 99.99% of its shares. As of its incorporation date (August 26, 2002), we were informed that LQ-SM’s total capital was CLP$73,175,029,140. In connection with the framework agreement executed between Citigroup, Inc. and Quiñenco S.A. in July 2007 and following the merger of Citibank Chile into Banco de Chile, Citigroup became a shareholder of LQIF. As of April 15, 2013, Citigroup is the owner of 50% of LQIF, and Quiñenco directly and indirectly owns 50% of LQIF. Regardless of any increase in participation by Citigroup, however, the agreement provides that Quiñenco will remain in control of LQIF and the corporations that are directly or indirectly controlled by LQIF. Accordingly, Quiñenco will maintain the right to elect the majority of the directors of LQIF, SM-CHILE S.A. and Banco de Chile. As of December 31, 2012, members of the Luksic family or their affiliates beneficially owned 81.3% of the common shares of Quiñenco S.A. Mr. Andrónico Luksic and Mr. Jean Paul Luksic are members of our board of directors.
(4) Mr. Jacob Ergas holds his shares through Ever 1 Bae S.p.A., Ever Chile S.p.A. and Inversiones Aspen Ltda., which are holding companies under his control. Mr. Jacob Ergas has not been a member of the board since March 2011 when Mr. Jorge Ergas was appointed director of the board. Mr. Jacob Ergas and Mr. Jorge Ergas are father and son.

 

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The following charts provide additional information on the voting rights held by LQIF and LQ-SM, as of April 15, 2013:

Voting rights of LQIF in Banco de Chile

 

Ownership

   Shares owned by
LQIF
     Voting Ratio      LQIF Voting Shares
as a result of the
application of Voting
Ratio in BCH
     Voting Rights
of LQIF
(as % )
in BCH
 

Direct ownership in BCH

     29,662,197,006         1.00000000         29,662,197,006         32.25   

Shares SM-A

     —           3.38337827         —           —     

Shares SM-B

     5,497,274,771         3.38337827         18,599,360,004         20.22   

Shares SM-D

     223,364,308         3.38337827         755,725,946         0.82   

Shares SM-E

     —           1.00000000         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total LQ-SM in BCH

           49,017,282,956         53.29   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Voting rights of LQ-SM in Banco de Chile

 

Ownership

   Shares owned  by
LQ-SM
     Voting Ratio as set
in SM-CHILE By
-laws
     LQ-SM Voting
Shares as a result of
the application of
Voting Ratio in BCH
     Voting Rights
of LQ-SM
(as % ) in
BCH
 

Direct ownership in BCH

     133,098,875         1.00000000         133,098,875         0.14   

Shares SM-A

     377,528,973         3.38337827         1,277,323,323         1.39   

Shares SM-B

     971,080,384         3.38337827         3,285,532,270         3.57   

Shares SM-D

     —           3.38337827         —           —     

Shares SM-E

     —           1.00000000         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total LQ-SM in BCH

           4,695,954,468         5.11   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the ordinary course of our business, we engage in a variety of transactions with certain of our affiliates and related parties. Financial information concerning these transactions is set forth in Note 37 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012, appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The Chilean Corporations Law was amended in October 2009 by Law No. 20,382, which also introduced changes to several others laws to improve Chilean corporate governance. As part of these changes, the concept of related party transactions in the Chilean Corporations Law was amended. The new regulation established different treatment for closely held corporations and for publicly held corporations.

In accordance with the Chilean Corporations Law, related party transactions in publicly held corporations are defined as every negotiation, act, contract or operation in which the corporation deals with any of the following persons: (i) one or more persons related to the corporation, in accordance with the Chilean Securities Law No. 18,045; (ii) a director, manager, administrator, main executive or liquidator of the corporation, acting on its own behalf or on behalf of third parties, or their respective husband or wife or any other person to which such director, manager, administrator, main executive or liquidator, or their husband or wife has a second degree relationship with (either by consanguinity or affinity); (iii) companies or corporations in which the persons mentioned in the previous item are owners, directly or through other juridical or natural persons, of 10% or more of its capital, directors, managers, administrators or main executives; (iv) those established in the bylaws of the corporation or those reasonably agreed by the board of directors; or (v) persons who acted as a director, manager, administrator, main executive or liquidator of the corporation within eighteen months of the relevant transaction.

We may only enter into transactions with related parties if (i) the purpose of the transaction is in our best interest, (ii) the transaction reflects prevailing market prices, terms, and conditions and (iii) the transaction complies with the requirements and procedures specified in the Chilean Corporations Law, which requires our board of directors to approve the relevant transaction based upon the criteria mentioned in items (i) and (ii) of this paragraph. In order for our board of directors to approve any such transactions, the related party involved in or negotiating the transaction must give prior notice to our board of directors.

A violation of these provisions shall not affect the transaction’s validity, but shall grant us, our shareholders or third parties an indemnification right to claim damages for the benefit of the company. The amount of damages claimed shall be equal to the sum of the benefits improperly obtained by the related party as a result of the relevant transaction. All board resolutions approving such related party transactions must be reported to our shareholders at the following ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting. Violations of this provision may result in administrative or criminal sanctions and civil liability to shareholders or third parties who suffer losses as a result of such violation.

The following transactions with related parties may be executed without complying with the requirements previously mentioned, subject to the prior approval of our board of directors: (i) transactions that are not considered material (for this purpose, an act or contract is deemed material if (1) it exceeds 1% of our paid-in capital and reserves and it also exceeds UF 2,000 or (2) it exceeds UF 20,000; and there is a presumption that all contracts celebrated within a period of 12 months constitute one single transaction, irrespective of whether they are executed in one or more separate transactions during such period of time); (ii) transactions that, according to a general policy of customary transactions adopted by the board of directors of the corporation, are considered customary in connection with our corporate purpose; and (iii) transactions among corporations in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 95% of the stake of the counterparty.

In connection with number (ii) above, on December 29, 2009, our board of directors established the following general policy which permits us to carry out certain transactions with related parties without the requirements and procedures set forth in the Chilean Corporations Law. The general policy adopted by our board of directors permits, among other things, transactions in the ordinary course of our business, such as opening current accounts, making deposits, extending loans or credit lines with or without collateral, factoring transactions, the sale and transfer of commercial paper, collections, payments and funds transfers, foreign exchange transactions and issuing letters of credit. This general policy has also been extended to our affiliates.

We believe that we have complied with the applicable requirements of the Chilean Corporations Law in all transactions with related parties and affirm that we will continue to comply with such requirements. See Note 37 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012, appearing elsewhere in this annual report for a more detailed accounting of our transactions with related parties.

 

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On July 19, 2007, Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation entered into a Master Joint Venture Agreement (the “Framework Agreement”) that set forth the parameters of a partnership between Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup Inc., including the eventual merger of Citibank Chile into us. The Framework Agreement provided that Citigroup Inc. would initially acquire a 32.96% equity interest in LQIF, our controlling shareholder, and would be entitled to increase its stake in LQIF to either 41.4778% or 50% through the exercise of several options. Citigroup Inc. could also be required to increase its stake in LQIF to 50% if Quiñenco S.A. exercised a put option under the Framework Agreement. The acquisition by Citigroup Inc. of its initial interest in LQIF occurred, with effect on January 1, 2008, under the terms of the Framework Agreement and the corresponding Merger Agreement between us and Citibank Chile. For purposes of the Merger Agreement, the operations and businesses of Citibank Chile that were effectively contributed to us were deemed to represent 10.497% of the post-merger entity and, together with other assets and businesses contributed by Citigroup Inc. to LQIF, were the basis for the issuance by LQIF of the 32.96% equity interest in LQIF transferred to Citigroup Inc. As consideration for the merger, we issued and conveyed to LQIF (and indirectly, the holders of Citibank Chile shares) 8,443,861,140 no-par value “Banco de Chile-S” series shares (which, as of the date hereof, were converted into ordinary shares, by means of the amendment of the Bank’s Bylaws).

Under the Framework Agreement, Quiñenco S.A. remains as the controlling shareholder of LQIF and therefore of us, while Citigroup Inc. is granted certain governance and other shareholder rights in LQIF. With respect to the governance rights in us, Citigroup Inc. has the right to name two directors to our 11-member board of directors, while Quiñenco would maintain the right to appoint a majority of our board of directors. Citigroup Inc. also has the power to propose the appointment of certain of our executive officers (including our chief financial officer) and at least one representative on our directors/audit committees. Under this agreement, Citigroup Inc. was also granted certain veto rights over certain “fundamental strategic decisions” (as defined in the Framework Agreement), such as the delisting of our ADSs from the New York Stock Exchange or the delisting of our shares from the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange, entry into new lines of business or large acquisitions, approval of related party transactions and changes to our bylaws or organizational documents. Furthermore, Citigroup Inc. agreed to purchase substantially all of the assets of our North American (i.e., Miami and New York) branches for U.S.$130 million. Because Citigroup beneficially owns 50% of LQIF, it may name up to five of the 11 members of our board of directors (such number to be reduced by the number of directors appointed by minority shareholders, provided that Citigroup Inc. always shall have the right to appoint at least one director), including the vice chairman, pursuant to the terms of the Framework Agreement. However, even in this circumstance, Quiñenco S.A. would still be entitled to appoint a majority of our board of directors. The Framework Agreement also sets forth a series of ancillary agreements proposed to be entered into by the parties to the Framework Agreement and some of their affiliates.

On December 19, 2008, Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation amended the Framework Agreement (the “Amendment”), and through it the Shareholders’ Agreement mentioned below. The Amendment provided that if Citigroup Inc. did not acquire 8.52% of LQIF’s shares (to hold at least a 41.4778% ownership interest in LQIF) as a consequence of the actions and decisions of any relevant authority in the United States, Quiñenco S.A. shall have the right to compensation as provided in the Amendment, and Citigroup Inc. shall have the option of acquiring either a 41.4778% or a 50% interest in LQIF. Furthermore, the Amendment provided that if for any reason Citigroup Inc. did not exercise any of the call options mentioned in the previous sentence, Quiñenco S.A. or its affiliates, as applicable, shall be entitled to require Citigroup Inc. to sell to them an amount of shares of LQIF such that, after such sale, Quiñenco S.A. shall directly or through its affiliates own an 80.1% ownership interest in LQIF. If this had occurred, Citigroup Inc.’s governance and other shareholder rights mentioned in the preceding paragraph should have been those provided in Clause Six of the Shareholders’ Agreement referred to below. Notwithstanding these provisions, on January 29, 2010, Citigroup Inc. exercised a call option to acquire 8.52% of LQIF’s shares and, on March 15, 2010, Citigroup Inc. exercised another call option to acquire an additional 8.52% of LQIF’s shares. Consequently, since April 30, 2010 Citigroup Inc. and Citigroup Overseas Investment Corporation indirectly owns 50% of LQIF. As a result, since April 30, 2010, Citigroup Inc. has been granted certain corporate governance rights over us, as described above.

 

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On December 27, 2007, Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup Chile S.A. and the minority shareholders of LQIF entered into a shareholders’ agreement (the “Shareholders’ Agreement”) that formalized the rights of Citigroup Inc. with respect to the governance rights in us as set forth in the Framework Agreement (and as discussed in the preceding paragraph). The Shareholders Agreement became effective on January 1, 2008.

On December 27, 2007, we entered into a Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup Inc. The purpose of this agreement is to enable us and our clients to become part of Citigroup’s Global Network and to provide a framework for us and Citigroup Inc. to direct new business to the partnership in order to generate wealth creation for both companies. The agreement sets forth the terms upon which we, Citigroup Inc. and our and its respective affiliates will develop a relationship with respect to cross-border business and certain services being rendered (such as corporate and investment banking services, international personal banking services and global transactions services, among others). The parties agreed on the following principles with respect to implementing the terms of the agreement: (i) the promotion of global connectivity products among Chilean customers, (ii) the setup of a technology platform, (iii) the training of employees and officers, and (iv) the construction of international support networks to carry out the transactions contemplated by the agreement. On February 27, 2009, we and Citigroup amended the Global Connectivity Agreement. The purpose of the amendment was to clarify and supplement the terms of the original agreement with respect to the banking services to be provided in Chile and abroad.

On December 27, 2007, we also entered into a Trademark License Agreement with Citigroup Inc. (the “Trademark License Agreement”) in which Citigroup Inc. granted us a non-exclusive paid-up and royalty-free license to use certain of Citigroup Inc.’s trademarks in Chilean territory. In addition, Citigroup Inc. granted us a license to use its domain name solely in connection with marketing and promoting authorized services in Chilean territory. On February 27, 2009, we and Citigroup Inc. amended the Trademark License Agreement. The amendment requires us to deliver a certificate at least once a year confirming that we are in compliance with the standards set forth in the Trademark License Agreement. In addition, we must comply with certain additional quality control standards approved periodically by Citigroup Inc. relating to certain products, and Citigroup Inc. has the right to review and inspect all materials relating to the offer and sale of certain products.

On December 27, 2007, we entered into a Cooperation Agreement with Citigroup Inc. (the “Cooperation Agreement”) with the purpose of providing a framework for the integration of Citibank Chile with us following the merger and ensuring a successful relationship between us and Citigroup Inc. In particular, the Cooperation Agreement establishes a communication mechanism between us and Citigroup Inc. to enhance the exchange of ideas and information related to the integration of our business with that of Citibank Chile and provides for certain specific areas of collaboration going forward (such as with respect to our hedging and derivatives strategies). On February 27, 2009, we and Citigroup Inc. amended the Cooperation Agreement to require each company to establish specific formal processes for sharing information about regulatory changes in the United States and Chile that may have an impact on us. This Cooperation Agreement together with the Operating Agreements (for this purposes the Global Connectivity Agreement and the Licensing Agreement) are valid for six (6) years from January 1, 2008 through January 1, 2014. Those agreements provide that we and Citigroup may agree on an extension for another six years from January 1, 2014 through January 1, 2020, which extension must be agreed to in writing by January 1, 2013; otherwise, the effective agreements will be extended—once—for two (2) years, from January 1, 2014 through January 1, 2016, when they will expire without any further proceeding. Since the parties did not reach an agreement before January 1, 2013 in order to extend the term of such agreements for an additional 6-year period, the agreements were automatically extended until January 1, 2016. During this extension the parties may agree on an additional extension of the agreements.

On December 31, 2007, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Citibank, N.A. (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”), whereby we sold substantially all of the assets and operations of our banking businesses in Miami and New York to Citibank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A. agreed to offer employment to substantially all of the employees in those branches and to assume substantially all of the liabilities related to such assets and operations. In consideration for this sale, we were paid an aggregate purchase price of U.S.$130 million, in addition to the assumption of liabilities. Following the completion of the sale, the Miami and New York branches were placed in voluntary liquidation in January 2008. In March 2008, the banking licenses for both branches were surrendered to the appropriate banking regulator.

On September 25, 2009, we entered into a Master Services Agreement with Citigroup Inc. This agreement regulates and supplements certain reciprocal services that, before the merger between us and Citibank Chile, had

 

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been provided pursuant to the terms of certain service agreements then in effect between Citigroup Inc. (and certain of its affiliates) and Citibank Chile, which were assumed, after the merger, by us as legal successor to Citibank Chile. Furthermore, this Agreement seeks to foster global connectivity with respect to the banking and financial services referred to in the Global Connectivity Agreement and in the other agreements executed with Citigroup Inc. mentioned above. This agreement has the same term of validity as the Cooperation Agreement aforementioned.

On December 19, 2012, by means of a public deed signed before the Public Notary of Mr. René Benavente Cash, Banco de Chile together with its affiliate Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada entered into an agreement with Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A. called Collective Debtor’s Life Insurance Agreement (“Contrato de Seguro Colectivo de Desgravamen”) for loan mortgages. Said agreement was entered pursuant to article 40 of DFL N° 251 of 1931, General Regulation N° 330 of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and Circular N° 3,530 of the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions, both dated March 21, 2012, upon which the public bid for the collective policy for life insurance covering loan mortgages was adjudicated to Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A., who offered the lowest rate of 0.0119800% monthly, including a 14.00% commission fee for the insurance broker Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada, who will act as intermediary of the policy.

Additionally, on December 28, 2012, we and our affiliated companies Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada, and Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A., extended until December 31, 2015, the following existent insurance agreements, excluding those insurance agreements related to loan mortgages that are subject to a public bid in accordance with article 40 of DFL N° 251 of 193 mentioned above:

 

1. Brokerage Agreement entered into by the affiliate Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada and the related company Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A.

 

2. Agreements entered into by Banco de Chile and Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A.:

 

  a) Collection and Data Administration Agreement.

 

  b) Use Agreement for Distribution Channels.

 

  c) Banchile’s Trademark License Agreement.

 

  d) Credit Life Insurance Agreement

 

3. Framework agreement for Insurance Banking, entered into by Banco de Chile, Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada and Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A.

All the terms and conditions contained in the agreement mentioned above were previously reviewed and approved by our board of directors.

Loans to Related Parties

As authorized by the General Banking Law, and within the regulatory limits, we hold several outstanding loans owed by different corporations related to us. All such loans (i) were made in the ordinary course of business, (ii) were made on terms, including interest rates and collateral, substantially the same as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons and (iii) did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. See Note 37(a) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report for more information on these loans.

 

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Item 8 Financial Information

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements

Please refer to “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Legal Proceedings

We and our subsidiaries are subject to claims and are parties to legal proceedings in the normal course of business.

Request from Spanish Court to Chilean Judicial Authorities

On April 29, 2010, the Supreme Court of Chile denied the requests contained in a rogatory letter issued on October 26, 2009, by the Central Court of Instruction Number 5 of the National Court of Spain (Juzgado Central de Instrucción No. 5 de la Audiencia Nacional de Madrid) in Madrid, Spain (the “Spanish Court”) to have certain actions taken (as described below) with respect to a lawsuit before the Spanish Court. The Supreme Court of Chile established that the subject matter of the investigation by the Spanish Court was currently pending before a Chilean tribunal that has jurisdiction and competency over these matters.

The rogatory letter referred to above notified the Chilean judicial authorities that a lawsuit pending before the Spanish Court had been amended to add causes of action concerning concealment of assets and money laundering against Mr. Pablo Granifo Lavin (the chairman of our board of directors) and Mr. Hernán Donoso Lira (former manager of our New York branch) and against us, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. and Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., the latter three of which face only subsidiary civil liability. The rogatory letter, among other items, requested a joint guarantee (fianza solidaria) from the defendants in the amount of U.S.$77,348,374 and, if the aforementioned parties were not to grant such a joint guarantee, requested the attachment of assets of up to U.S.$103,131,165.

On April 30, 2012, the Spanish Court decided the provisional dismissal (sobreseimiento provisional) of the aforementioned lawsuit on the grounds that the Chilean judicial authorities have investigated and prosecuted the same facts as those pending before the courts in Spain, and there is an existing legal proceeding underway in Chile, which should have priority. The complainant filed an appeal (recursos de apelación y reforma), which was dismissed on July 27, 2012 and June 19, 2012 by the Spanish judicial authorities.

In Chile, a judicial investigation is currently underway and at the time of filing of this annual report no indictments for criminal participation of persons affiliated with us have been issued. Consequently, it is not possible to predict the outcome of these proceedings, or what impact, if any, they might have on us.

Labor Discrimination Claim

A Chilean court with jurisdiction over labor claims issued a judgment against us in a legal proceeding for wrongful termination of employment based on a labor discrimination claim. As a result of this judgment, we were prevented from entering into certain service agreements with the Chilean government until September 7, 2012. Despite the judgment, we were still permitted to enter into service agreements with government-owned companies created by statute, agreements in connection with the purchase and sale of securities or other financial instruments, agreements in connection with the execution and concessions of public projects, and agreements in connection with the lending of credit on a fixed term basis. The impact on our results of operations for the year ending December 31, 2012 was approximately U.S.$1.3 million.

Erroneous Electronic Forwarding of Bank Statements Claim

On August, 2012 Corporación Nacional de Consumidores y Usuarios de Chile (a Chilean consumer association) filed a class action against Banco de Chile pursuant to Law N ° 19,496, whereby the plaintiff demanded that we compensate 52,770 of our current account holders who were affected by erroneous electronic forwarding of bank statements that occurred in July 2012. The plaintiff seeks total compensation of CLP$ 80,000 (approx. US$ 170) for each account holder as well as the reimbursement of maintenance fees charged on current accounts. The demand and allegations are currently under judicial review.

 

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It is not possible to predict the outcome of this proceeding; however, in any case it will not have a material impact on us.

Dividends

General

We currently have a single series of common shares (except Banco de Chile Series-T series, as explained below), and the dividends on our shares are proposed by our board of directors and are approved by our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting following the year with respect to which the dividends are proposed. Our ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting is required to be held in the first four months of each year. Following shareholder approval, the dividends are declared and paid. Dividends are paid to shareholders of record on the fifth business day preceding the date set for payment of the dividend. The applicable record dates for the payment of dividends to holders of our ADSs are, to the extent practicable, the same. Under the Chilean Corporations Law and regulations issued thereunder, Chilean public corporations are generally required to distribute at least 30% of their consolidated annual earnings as dividends, except to the extent they have accumulated losses. Under the General Banking Law, a Chilean bank may pay dividends upon approval of its shareholders from (i) net earnings of previous fiscal years (i.e., interim dividends are not permitted), (ii) the reserve kept for that purpose or (iii) other funds permitted under Chilean law.

Our dividend policy is affected to some extent by the rights of SAOS, our affiliate, pursuant to its assumption of the Central Bank indebtedness discussed in “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Bank—History—The 1982–1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt.”

At the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on October 17, 2012, our shareholders agreed to increase our capital in the amount of CLP$250,000,000,000 (approximately U.S.$521 million) by means of the issuance of 3,939,489,442 cash shares, “Banco de Chile-T series”. These shares have the same rights as all of Banco de Chile’s shares, except that the holders of Banco de Chile T-series shares will not receive dividends or fully paid-in shares in respect to our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once any dividends and/or fully paid-in shares are distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares will automatically convert to Banco de Chile shares. As of the date of this filing, all these shares are fully paid.

Cash Dividends

In March 2012, our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend No. 200, in the amount of Ch$2.984740 per ordinary share, with a corresponding charge to our 2011 net distributable income.

In March 2013, our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders meeting agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend N° 201 in the amount of Ch$3.41625263165 per ordinary share, with a corresponding charge to our 2012 net distributable income.

The following table sets forth the cash dividends declared per common share during the years ended December 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012  
     (in Ch$, except percentages)     (in U.S.$)  

Chile GAAP:

        

Dividend payout ratio(1)

     111.94     73.76     69.22     —     

Dividend per common share(2)

     3.50        3.38 (*)      3.41        0.007   

 

(1) Dividend payout ratio is calculated by dividing the amount of dividends paid by the earnings per share of the prior year.
(2) Dividends per share are calculated by dividing the amount of the dividend paid during each year by the previous year’s number of shares outstanding.
(*) Includes an additional payment to the Central Bank by an amount of MCh$36,713 in 2011 and MCh$37,301 in 2012, in accordance with Law No. 19,396.

 

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Whether future dividends will be paid will depend upon our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, governmental regulations and policies and other factors. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that dividends in future years will be paid at a rate similar to dividends paid in past years.

As mentioned under “Dividends—General”, our shares “Banco de Chile-T series” have the same rights as all of Banco de Chile’s shares, except that the holders of Banco de Chile T-series shares will not receive dividends or fully paid-in shares in respect of our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once any dividends and/or fully paid-in shares are distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares will automatically convert to Banco de Chile shares.

Stock Dividends

At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 22, 2012, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2011 by means of the issuance of fully paid-in shares, without par value, with a value of Ch$67.48 per share, which was distributed among the shareholders in the proportion of 0.018956 fully paid-in shares for each share held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396.

At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 21, 2013, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2012, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, with a value of Ch$71.97 per share, which will be distributed to the shareholders at the fixed rate of 0.02034331347 fully paid-in shares per share currently held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396.

As mentioned under “Dividends—General”, our shares “Banco de Chile-T series” have the same rights as all of Banco de Chile’s shares, except that the holders of Banco de Chile T-series shares will not receive dividends or fully paid-in shares in respect of our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once any dividends and/or fully paid-in shares are distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares will automatically convert to Banco de Chile shares.

Capital Increases

At the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on October 17, 2012 our shareholders agreed to increase our capital in the amount of CLP$250,000,000,000 (approximately U.S.$521 million) by means of the issuance of 3,939,489,442 cash shares “Banco de Chile-T series”. These shares have the same rights as all of Banco de Chile’s shares, except that the holders of Banco de Chile T-series shares will not receive dividends or fully paid-in shares in respect to our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once any dividends and/or fully paid-in shares are distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares will automatically convert to Banco de Chile shares. As of the date of filing, all these shares are fully paid.

ADR Holders

Dividends payable to holders of our ADSs are net of conversion expenses of the depositary and are subject to Chilean withholding tax currently at the rate of 35%, subject to certain credits. Owners of our ADSs are not charged any fees with respect to cash or stock dividends.

Pursuant to current Chilean foreign exchange regulations, a shareholder who is not a resident of Chile does not need to be authorized as a foreign investor in order to receive dividends, sale proceeds or other amounts with respect to its shares remitted outside Chile, but the investor must inform the Central Bank about any such transactions and must remit foreign currency through the Formal Exchange Market. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Exchange Controls” for additional information on how ADS holders may remit currency outside Chile.

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

No significant changes in our financial condition have occurred since the date of the most recent audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

 

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Item 9 The Offer and Listing

Nature of Trading Market

Shares of our common stock are traded on all Chilean stock exchanges. Our shares have been listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange since 1894 and on the Electronic Stock Exchange since 1989. The Santiago Stock Exchange is the main trading market for our shares.

The Chilean securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than major securities markets in the United States. The Santiago Stock Exchange, which is Chile’s main exchange, had a market capitalization of approximately U.S.$313 billion as of December 31, 2012 and an average monthly trading volume of approximately U.S.$3,874 million for the year ended as of the same date. The Santiago Stock Exchange was established in 1893 and is a private company whose equity consists of 48 shares owned by 45 shareholders. As of December 31, 2012, 252 series of shares were listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange.

According to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, during 2012, the Santiago Stock Exchange accounted for approximately 88.1% of the equity trading in Chile. Also, as of December 31, 2012, approximately 11.4% of equity trading in Chile was conducted on the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. The remaining 0.5% of equities was traded on the Valparaiso Stock Exchange.

In addition, as reported by the Santiago Stock Exchange, the ten largest companies in terms of market capitalization represented, as of December 31, 2012, approximately 43.8% of the Santiago Stock Exchange’s aggregate market capitalization and during 2011 accounted for approximately 45.0% of equity trading. During 2012, approximately 31.0% of the companies listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange had their shares traded on an average of 70% or more of the exchange’s trading days.

Our ADSs, each representing 600 shares of common stock, without nominal (par) value, have been listed on the NYSE since January 2, 2002 under the symbol “BCH.” JPMorgan Chase Bank is our depositary for purposes of the ADSs. As of December 31, 2012, a maximum of 1,244,300 ADSs were outstanding (equivalent to 746,580,394 shares of common stock or 0.8% of the total number of issued shares of common stock as of the same date). Since certain of our ADSs are held by brokers or other nominees, the number of record holders in the United States may not be fully indicative of the number of direct beneficial owners in the United States or of where the beneficial owners of such shares are resident.

We listed our shares of common stock on Latibex, and trading of these shares started on October 8, 2002 under the code “XBCH,” grouped in trading units of 600 shares. In addition, since December 20, 2002, our trading units are listed on the LSE.

 

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The table below shows, for the periods indicated, the annual, quarterly and monthly high and low closing prices (in nominal Chilean pesos) of the traded shares of our securities, labelled “Chile” series, on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Electronic Stock Exchange and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange:

 

     Santiago Stock Exchange      Electronic Stock Exchange      Valparaiso Stock Exchange  
     Common Stock      Common Stock      Common Stock  
     High      Low      High      Low      High      Low  
     (Ch$ per share )(1)  

Annual Price History

                 

2008

   Ch$ 43.6       Ch$ 26.1       Ch$ 43.4       Ch$ 25.5       Ch$ 42.8       Ch$ 27.0   

2009

     45.0         33.4         44.8         33.5         72.8         33.4   

2010

     72.6         45.1         73.2         44.7         72.7         44.7   

2011

     74.0         57.2         74.7         57.0         74.4         58.4   

2012

     79.5         64.5         79.5         64.1         77.7         64.5   

2013 (through April 15)

     80.3         70.5         80.3         71.0         80.0         71.6   

Quarterly Price History

                 

2009

                 

1st Quarter

     37.4         34.0         37.5         33.5         37.5         34.0   

2nd Quarter

     39.0         33.4         39.0         33.5         38.9         33.4   

3rd Quarter

     43.7         37.0         43.6         37.0         42.5         37.2   

4th Quarter

     45.0         40.8         44.8         39.5         72.8         41.5   

2010

                 

1st Quarter

     55.9         45.1         56.4         44.7         55.5         44.7   

2nd Quarter

     57.8         51.3         57.8         51.2         57.0         51.4   

3rd Quarter

     72.6         54.9         73.2         54.9         72.7         54.9   

4th Quarter

     72.6         68.6         72.8         68.0         72.6         68.5   

2011

                 

1st Quarter

     74.0         63.0         74.7         62.1         74.4         63.1   

2nd Quarter

     69.7         65.1         69.9         62.0         69.0         65.7   

3rd Quarter

     69.3         57.2         70.0         57.0         68.5         58.4   

4th Quarter

     73.2         59.0         73.6         58.4         73.2         59.0   

2012

                 

1st Quarter

     79.5         71.0         79.5         70.5         77.7         71.1   

2nd Quarter

     76.6         68.7         78.5         68.8         75.6         68.8   

3rd Quarter

     70.9         64.5         70.9         64.1         69.6         64.5   

4th Quarter

     77.4         66.0         76.9         65.7         76.9         66.0   

2013

                 

1st Quarter

     80.3         72.2         80.3         71.8         80.0         73.6   

Monthly Price History

                 

November 2012

     71.9         69.8         71.8         69.0         72.0         68.6   

December 2012

     77.4         71.3         76.9         71.1         76.9         71.0   

January 2013

     78.6         77.0         78.5         77.0         78.0         76.5   

February 2013

     80.3         77.8         80.3         77.6         80.0         78.0   

March 2013

     79.7         72.2         79.7         71.8         79.3         73.6   

April 2013 (through April 15)

     74.6         70.5         74.0         71.0         73.3         71.6   

 

Sources: Santiago Stock Exchange, Electronic Stock Exchange and Valparaiso Stock Exchange—Official Quotation Bulletins and Bloomberg.

 

(1) Pesos per share reflect nominal price at trade date.

As previously mentioned in an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on October 17, 2012, a capital increase of approximately Ch$250,000 million was approved by our shareholders through the issuance of 3,939,489,442 common shares, labeled “Chile-T” series.

 

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The table below shows, for the periods indicated, the annual, quarterly and monthly high and low closing prices (in nominal Chilean pesos) of the traded shares of our securities, labeled “Chile-T” series, on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Electronic Stock Exchange and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange:

 

     Santiago Stock Exchange      Electronic Stock Exchange      Valparaiso Stock Exchange  
     Common Stock      Common Stock      Common Stock  
     High      Low      High      Low      High      Low  
     (Ch$ per share )(1)  

Annual Price History

                 

2012

     70.9         67.5         70.5         64.0         —           —     

2013 (through April 15)

     73.9         68.5         74.0         69.2         73.7         70.9   

Quarterly Price History

                 

2012

                 

4th Quarter

     70.9         67.5         70.5         64.0         —           —     

2013

                 

1st Quarter

     73.9         70.0         74.0         70.0         73.7         70.9   

Monthly Price History

                 

December 2012

     70.9         67.5         70.5         64.0         —           —     

January 2013

     73.0         70.0         73.0         70.0         71.6         70.9   

February 2013

     73.9         72.0         80.3         77.6         73.7         73.7   

March 2013

     73.5         70.6         73.5         70.5         —           —     

April 2013 (through April 15)

     71.3         68.5         71.4         69.2         —           —     

 

Sources: Santiago Stock Exchange, Electronic Stock Exchange and Valparaiso Stock Exchange—Official Quotation Bulletins and Bloomberg.

 

(1) Pesos per share reflect nominal price at trade date.

 

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The table below shows the annual, quarterly and monthly high and low closing prices, as reported by the NYSE and Latibex:

 

     New York Stock Exchange      Latibex  
Period    High      Low      High      Low  
     (U.S.$ per ADS)(1)      (Euros per Trading Unit)(2)  

Annual Price History

           

2008

   U.S.$ 58.43       U.S.$ 23.50       37.67       18.61   

2009

     53.90         31.85         37.45         22.81   

2010

     92.50         53.72         68.65         37.33   

2011

     90.35         66.63         72.60         52.80   

2012

     99.11         80.33         72.60         58.20   

2013 (through April 15)

     102.00         89.58         85.80         64.80   

Quarterly Price History

           

2009

           

1st Quarter

     38.05         31.85         29.98         22.81   

2nd Quarter

     43.50         34.13         30.38         26.05   

3rd Quarter

     48.39         40.51         32.93         28.90   

4th Quarter

     53.90         46.07         37.45         31.32   

2010

           

1st Quarter

     64.41         53.72         46.93         37.33   

2nd Quarter

     65.63         56.25         51.60         42.50   

3rd Quarter

     90.20         61.00         66.30         48.29   

4th Quarter

     92.50         85.16         68.65         61.00   

2011

           

1st Quarter

     90.35         78.37         68.90         55.85   

2nd Quarter

     89.81         83.00         61.30         54.00   

3rd Quarter

     90.23         69.85         62.40         53.40   

4th Quarter

     85.84         66.63         72.60         52.80   

2012

           

1st Quarter

     99.11         83.98         72.00         59.40   

2nd Quarter

     95.27         81.07         71.40         60.00   

3rd Quarter

     86.55         80.33         72.60         59.40   

4th Quarter

     97.32         83.50         69.60         58.20   

2013

           

1st Quarter

     102.00         89.58         85.80         64.80   

Monthly Price History

           

October 2012

     89.25         83.50         67.20         62.40   

November 2012

     90.22         86.40         64.80         58.20   

December 2012

     97.32         88.42         69.60         63.00   

January 2013

     101.00         97.71         85.80         64.80   

February 2013

     102.00         97.55         78.00         70.20   

March 2013

     101.19         92.94         76.80         70.20   

April 2013 (through April 15)

     95.10         89.58         72.60         68.40   

 

Source: Bloomberg.

 

(1) One ADS represents 600 shares of common stock.
(2) One Trading Unit represents 600 shares of common stock.

 

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Item 10 Additional Information

MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

Set forth below is a brief summary of the significant provisions of our estatutos (bylaws) and Chilean law. This description contains all material information concerning our shares, but does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our estatutos (a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this annual report), the General Banking Law, the Chilean Corporations Law and the Securities Market Law.

We are an open stock (public) corporation and are registered with the Chilean Public Registry of Commerce of Santiago under Page 23,859 Number 18,638 of the year 1996, and authorized to operate as a bank by the Superintendency of Bank and Financial Institutions. The Chilean Corporations Laws, the Securities Market Law and the General Banking Law set forth the rules and requirements for establishing, and operating banks in Chile, as well as shareholder rights in a Chilean bank. Additionally, the operation and the shareholder’s rights are also governed by the bank’s estatutos, which effectively serve as both the articles of incorporation and the bylaws of a company incorporated in the United States. Legal provisions in Chile take precedence over any contrary provision set forth in a corporation estatutos. Both the Chilean Corporations Law and our estatutos provide that legal actions by shareholders against us (or our officers or directors) to enforce their rights as shareholders or by one shareholder against another in their capacity as such are to be brought in Chile in arbitration proceedings.

The Chilean securities markets are principally regulated by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance under the Securities Market Law and the Chilean Corporations Law. In the case of banks, compliance with these laws is supervised by the Superintendency of Banks. These two laws provide for disclosure requirements, restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation and protection of minority investors. The Securities Market Law sets forth requirements relating to public offerings, stock exchanges and brokers, and outlines disclosure requirements for companies that issue publicly offered securities.

Purpose

Our corporate purpose is to undertake all acts, contracts, business and transactions as the General Banking Law allows banking institutions to undertake, without prejudice to expanding or restricting our scope of action consistent with current legal precepts or such as may be established in the future.

Capitalization

As of April 15, 2013, there are 88,037,813,511 Banco de Chile shares and 3,939,489,442 Banco de Chile-T series shares outstanding of our capital stock. All of such shares are fully paid.

Our shares are no par value and full voting rights. There are no legal restrictions on the payment of dividends from our net income, except that we may only pay a single dividend per year (i.e., interim dividends are not permitted). Under the Chilean Corporations Law and regulations issued thereunder, Chilean public corporations are generally required to distribute at least 30% of their consolidated annual earnings as dividends, except to the extent they have accumulated losses. Previously, a bank was permitted to distribute less than such minimum amount in any given year with approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the bank’s outstanding stock. In 2006, however, this possibility was eliminated by law. Under the General Banking Law, a Chilean bank may pay dividends upon approval of its shareholders from (i) net earnings of previous fiscal years (i.e., interim dividends are not permitted), (ii) the reserve kept for that purpose or (iii) other funds permitted under Chilean law.

Under Chilean law, the shareholders of a company, acting at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, have the power to authorize an increase in the company’s capital. When an investor subscribes for issued shares, the shares are registered in such investor’s name, even if not paid for, and the investor is treated as a shareholder for all purposes, except with regard to receipt of dividends and the return of capital. The investor becomes eligible to receive dividends or the return of capital once it has paid for the shares; if it has paid for only a portion of such shares, it is entitled to reserve a corresponding pro rata portion of the dividends declared with respect to such shares unless the company’s bylaws provide otherwise. If an investor does not pay for shares for which it has subscribed on or prior to the date agreed upon for payment, the company is entitled under Chilean law to auction the shares on a stock exchange and collect the difference, if any, between the subscription price and the auction proceeds.

 

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However, until such shares are sold, the subscriber continues to exercise all the rights of a shareholder (except the right to receive dividends or the return of capital). In the case of banks, authorized shares and issued shares that have not been paid for within the period fixed for their payment by the Superintendency of Banks are cancelled and are no longer available for issuance by the company.

The Chilean Corporations Law provides that the purchaser of shares of a company implicitly accepts its bylaws and any agreements adopted at shareholders’ meetings.

Directors

For a description of the provisions of our estatutos relating to our board of directors and our directors/audit committee, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”

Ownership Restrictions

Under the Securities Market Law and the regulations of the Superintendency of Banks, shareholders of open stock corporations are required to report the following to the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and the Chilean stock exchanges:

 

 

any direct or indirect acquisition or sale of shares that results in the holder’s acquiring or disposing of, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of an open stock corporation’s share capital; and

 

 

any direct or indirect acquisition or sale of shares or options to buy or sell shares, in any amount, if made by a holder of 10% or more of an open stock corporation’s capital or if made by a director, liquidator, main officer, general manager or manager of such corporation.

The foregoing requirements also apply to the acquisition or sale of securities or agreements which price or return depends or is conditioned (all or in a significant part) upon changes or movements in the price of such shares. The report shall be made the day following the execution of the transaction.

In addition, any person who acquires 10% or more of our shares must include in the report whether the purpose of the acquisition is to acquire control of the company or if the acquisition is just a financial investment. A beneficial owner of ADSs representing 10% or more of our share capital will be subject to these reporting requirements under Chilean law.

According to the regulations of the Superintendency of Banks, Chilean banks that issue ADSs are required to inform the Superintendency of Banks if any person, directly or beneficially, acquires ADSs representing 5% or more of the total amount of shares of capital stock issued by such bank.

Under the Securities Market Law and the regulations of the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, persons or entities intending to acquire control, directly or indirectly, of an open stock corporation, regardless of the acquisition vehicle or procedure, and including acquisitions made through direct subscriptions or private transactions, are also required to inform the public of such intention at least 10 business days before the date on which the transaction is to be completed, but, in any case, as soon as negotiations regarding the change of control begin or as soon as confidential information and documents concerning the target are delivered to the potential acquirer such delivery can occur through a filing with the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, the stock exchanges where its securities are traded, companies controlled by and that control the target and through a notice published in two Chilean newspapers, which notice must disclose, among other information, the person or entity purchasing or selling, the price and the material conditions of any negotiations.

Prior to such publication, a written communication to such effect must be sent to the target corporation, to the controlling corporation, to the corporations controlled by the target corporation, to the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and to the Chilean stock exchanges. Title XV of the Securities Market Law provides the definition of a controlling power, direct holding and related party.

 

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In addition to the foregoing, Article 54A of the Chilean Securities Market Law requires that within two business days of the completion of the transactions pursuant to which a person has acquired control of a publicly traded company, a notice shall be published in the same newspapers in which the notice referred to above was published and notices shall be sent to the same persons mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, as well as posted on their websites, if any.

The provisions of the aforementioned articles do not apply when the acquisition is being made through a tender or exchange offer.

Title XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Law on tender offers and the regulations of the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance provide that the following transactions must be carried out through a tender offer:

 

 

an offer which allows a person to take control of a publicly traded company, unless (i) the shares are being sold by a controlling shareholder of such company at a price in cash which is not substantially higher than the market price and the shares of such company are actively traded on a stock exchange and (ii) those shares are acquired (a) through a capital increase, (b) as a consequence of a merger, (c) by inheritance or (d) through a forced sale;

 

 

an offer for a controlling percentage of the shares of a listed company if such person intends to take control of the parent company (whether listed or not) of such listed company, to the extent that the listed company represents 75% or more of the consolidated net worth of the parent company; and

 

 

whenever a controlling shareholder acquires two-thirds of the voting shares of a listed company, such controlling shareholder must offer to purchase the remaining shares from the minority shareholders in a tender offer, unless (i) the controlling shareholder has reached two thirds of the voting shares through a tender offer for all of the shares of the company, or (ii) it reaches such percentage as a result of a reduction of the capital of the company by operation of law.

Article 200 of the Chilean Securities Market Law prohibits any shareholder that has taken control of a publicly traded company from acquiring, for a period of 12 months from the date of the transaction in which it gained control of the publicly traded company, a number of shares equal to or greater than 3% of the outstanding issued shares of the target without making a tender offer at a price per share not lower than the price paid at the time of taking control. Should the acquisition from the other shareholders of the company be made on a stock exchange and on a pro rata basis, the controlling shareholder may purchase a higher percentage of shares, if so permitted by the regulations of the stock exchange.

Title XV of the Chilean Securities Market Law sets forth the basis to determine what constitutes a controlling power, a direct holding and a related party. The Chilean Securities Market Law defines control as the power of a person or group of persons acting (either directly or through other entities or persons) pursuant to a joint action agreement to direct the majority of the votes at the shareholders’ meetings of the corporation and to elect the majority of members of its board of directors, or to influence the management of the corporation significantly. Significant influence is deemed to exist in respect of the person or group of persons with an agreement to act jointly that holds, directly or indirectly, at least 25% of the voting share capital, unless:

 

 

another person or group of persons acting pursuant to joint action agreement, directly or indirectly, controls a stake equal to or greater than the percentage controlled by such person;

 

 

the person or group does not control, directly or indirectly, more than 40.0% of the voting share capital and the percentage controlled is lower than the sum of the shares held by other shareholders holding more than 5% of the share capital (either directly or pursuant to a joint action agreement); or

 

 

in cases where the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance has ruled otherwise, based on the distribution or atomization of the overall shareholding.

 

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According to the Chilean Securities Market Law, a joint action agreement is an agreement among two or more parties which, directly or indirectly, own shares in a corporation at the same time and whereby they agree to participate with the same interest in the management of the corporation or in taking control of the same. The law presumes that such an agreement exists between:

 

 

a principal and its agents;

 

 

spouses and relatives within certain degrees of kinship;

 

 

entities within the same business group; and

 

 

an entity and its controller or any of the members of the controller.

Likewise, the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance may determine that a joint action agreement exists between two or more entities considering, among other things, the number of companies in which they participate and the frequency with which they vote identically in the election of directors, appointment of managers and other resolutions passed at extraordinary shareholders’ meetings.

According to Article 96 of the Chilean Securities Market Law, a business group is a group of entities with such ties in their ownership, management or credit liabilities that it may be assumed that the economic and financial action of such members is directed by, or subordinated to, the joint interests of the group, or that there are common credit risks in the credits granted to, or in the acquisition of securities issued by, them. According to the Chilean Securities Market Law, the following entities are part of the same business group:

 

 

a company and its controller;

 

 

all the companies with a common controller together with that controller; and

 

 

all the entities that the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance declares to be part of the business group due to one or more of the following reasons:

 

   

a substantial part of the assets of the company is involved in the business group, whether as investments in securities, equity rights, loans or guaranties;

 

   

the company has a significant level of indebtedness and the business group has a material participation as a lender or guarantor of such indebtedness;

 

   

the company is a member of a controlling group of any company of those mentioned in the first two bullets above and there are reasons grounded in ties in the ownership, management or credit liabilities to include it in the business group; or

 

   

the company is controlled by a member of the controller of any of the entities of the business group if the latter is formed by more than one entity and if there is more than one group of controlling entities and there are reasons grounded in ties in the ownership, management or credit liabilities to include it in the business group.

The General Banking Law provides that, as a matter of public policy, no person or company may acquire, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the shares of a bank without the prior authorization of the Superintendency of Banks, which may not be unreasonably withheld. The prohibition also applies to beneficial owners of ADSs. In the absence of such authorization, any person or group of persons acting in concert would not be permitted to exercise voting rights with respect to the shares or ADSs acquired. In determining whether or not to issue such an authorization, the Superintendency of Banks considers a number of factors enumerated in the General Banking Law, including the financial stability of the purchasing party.

The General Banking Law also requires the prior authorization of the Superintendency of Banks for the following transactions:

 

 

the merger of two or more banks;

 

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the acquisition of all or a substantial portion of a bank’s assets and liabilities by another bank;

 

 

the control by the same person or controlling group of two or more banks; or

 

 

a substantial increase in the share ownership by a controlling shareholder of a bank.

This prior authorization is only required when the acquiring bank or the resulting group of banks would own a significant market share in loans, defined by the Superintendency of Banks to be more than 15% of all loans in the Chilean banking system. The intended purchase, merger or expansion may be denied by the Superintendency of Banks; or, if the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined to be more than 20% of all loans in the Chilean banking system, the purchase, merger or expansion may be conditioned on one or more of the following:

 

 

the bank or banks maintaining regulatory capital higher than 8% and up to 14% of risk-weighted assets;

 

 

the technical reserve established in Article 65 of the General Banking Law being applicable when deposits exceed one and a half times the resulting bank’s paid-in capital and reserves; or

 

 

the margin for interbank loans being reduced to 20% of the resulting bank’s regulatory capital.

If the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined by the Superintendency of Banks to be more than 15% but less than 20%, the authorization will be conditioned on the bank or banks maintaining a regulatory capital not lower than 10% of their risk-weighted assets for the period specified by the Superintendency of Banks, which may not be less than one year. The calculation of the risk-weighted assets is based on a five category risk classification system applied to a bank’s assets that is based on the Basel Committee recommendations.

According to the General Banking Law, a bank may not grant loans to related parties on terms more favorable than those generally offered to non-related parties. Article 84 No. 2 of the General Banking Law and the regulations issued by the Superintendency of Banks creates the presumption that natural persons who are holders of shares and who beneficially own more than 1% of the shares are related to the bank and imposes certain restrictions on the amounts and terms of loans made by banks to related parties. This presumption would also apply to beneficial owners of ADSs representing more than 1% of the shares.

Article 16bis of the General Banking Law provides that the individuals or legal entities that, individually or with other people, directly control a bank and who individually own more than 10% of its shares must send to the Superintendency of Banks reliable information on their financial situation in the form and in the opportunity set forth in Resolution No. 3,156 of the Superintendency of Banks.

There are no limitations for non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on the securities of a bank.

Preemptive Rights and Increases of Share Capital

The Chilean Corporations Law provides that whenever a Chilean company issues new shares for cash, it must offer its existing shareholders the right to purchase a number of shares sufficient to maintain their existing ownership percentages in the company. Pursuant to this requirement, preemptive rights in connection with any future issue of shares will be offered by us to the depositary as the registered owner of the shares underlying the ADSs. However, the depositary will not be able to make such preemptive rights available to holders of ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to the underlying shares or an exemption from the registration requirements thereunder is available.

We intend to evaluate, at the time of any preemptive rights offering, the practicality under Chilean law and Central Bank regulations in effect at the time of making such rights available to our ADS holders, as well as the costs and potential liabilities associated with registration of such rights and the related shares of common stock under the Securities Act, and the indirect benefits to us of thereby enabling the exercise by all or certain holders of ADSs of their preemptive rights and any other factors we consider appropriate at the time, and then to make a

 

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decision as to whether to file such registration statement. There can be no assurance that any registration statement would be filed. If we do not file a registration statement and no exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act is available, the depositary will sell such holders’ preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds thereof if a premium can be recognized over the cost of such sale. In the event that the depositary is not able, or determines that it is not feasible, to sell such rights at a premium over the cost of any such sale, all or certain holders of ADSs may receive no value for such rights. Non-U.S. holders of ADSs may be able to exercise their preemptive rights regardless of whether a registration statement is filed. The inability of all or certain holders of ADSs to exercise preemptive rights in respect of shares of common stock underlying such ADSs could result in such holders not maintaining their percentage ownership of the common stock following such preemptive rights offering unless such holder made additional market purchases of ADSs or shares of common stock.

Under Chilean law, preemptive rights are exercisable or freely transferable by shareholders during a period that cannot be less than 30 days following the grant of such rights. During such period, and for an additional 30-day period thereafter, a Chilean corporation is not permitted to offer any unsubscribed shares for sale to third parties on terms which are more favorable than those offered to its shareholders. At the end of such additional 30-day period, a Chilean open stock corporation is authorized to sell unsubscribed shares to third parties on any terms, provided they are sold on a Chilean stock exchange. Unsubscribed shares that are not sold on a Chilean stock exchange can be sold to third parties only on terms no more favorable for the purchaser than those offered to shareholders.

Shareholders’ Meetings and Voting Rights

An ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting is held within the first four months of each year. The ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting is the corporate body that approves the annual financial statements, approves all dividends in accordance with the dividend policy determined by our board of directors, elects the members of our board of directors and approves any other matter that does not require an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. Extraordinary meetings may be called by our board of directors when deemed appropriate, and ordinary or extraordinary meetings must be called by our board of directors when requested by shareholders representing at least 10% of the issued voting shares or by the Superintendency of Banks.

Notice to convene the ordinary annual meeting or an extraordinary meeting is given by means of three notices which must be published in a newspaper of our corporate domicile (currently Santiago, Chile) previously determined by our shareholders at the ordinary annual meeting or, in the event an agreement is not reached in the previous ordinary annual meeting or the newspaper ceases to exist or has its distribution suspended for whatever reason, in the Official Gazette in a prescribed manner, and the first notice must be published not less than 15 calendar days nor more than 20 calendar days in advance of the scheduled meeting. Notice must also be given to the Superintendency of Banks, the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaiso Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. Currently, we publish our official notices in the El Mercurio newspaper of Santiago.

In the case of an ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting, shareholders holding a prescribed minimum ownership interest in us must be sent an annual report of our activities that includes audited consolidated financial statements. Shareholders who do not fall into this category but who request it must also be sent a copy of our annual report. In addition to these requirements, we regularly provide, and management currently intends to continue to provide, together with the notice of ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting, a proposal for the final annual dividend.

The quorum for a shareholders’ meeting is established by the presence, in person or by proxy, of shareholders representing at least an absolute majority of the issued shares. If a quorum is not present at the first meeting on first call, the meeting can be reconvened (in accordance with the procedures described in the previous paragraphs) and, upon the meeting being reconvened, shareholders present at the reconvened meeting are deemed to constitute a quorum regardless of the percentage of the shares represented.

The shareholders’ meetings pass resolutions by the affirmative vote of an absolute majority of those voting shares present or represented at the meeting. Approval by a two-thirds majority of the issued shares, however, is required at any shareholders’ meeting to approve any of the following actions:

 

 

a change in corporate form, merger or spin-off;

 

 

an amendment to our term of existence, if any, or our early dissolution;

 

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a change in corporate domicile;

 

 

a decrease of corporate capital previously approved by the Superintendency of Banks, provided it is not reduced below the minimum legal capital;

 

 

the approval of capital contributions and appraisal of properties other than cash, in those cases where it is permitted by the General Banking Act;

 

 

a modification of the powers of shareholders or limitations on the powers of our board of directors;

 

 

a reduction in the number of members of our board of directors;

 

 

the transfer of 50% or more of the corporate assets or the implementation or amendment of any business plan that contemplates the transfer of more than 50% of our corporate assets or the transfer of 50% or more of the assets of a subsidiary if such subsidiary represents at least 20% of our total corporate assets, as well as transfer of shares of such subsidiary which would make it lose such status;

 

 

any non-cash distribution in respect of the shares;

 

 

a change in the manner of distribution of profits established in our bylaws;

 

 

the granting of guarantees to secure third-party obligations in excess of 50% of our corporate assets, unless granted to a subsidiary;

 

 

the repurchase of our shares under the conditions set forth in Articles 27A and 27B of the Chilean Corporations Law;

 

 

the correction of nullity caused by formal defects of any amendments to our bylaws;

 

 

approval or confirmation of transactions with related parties, as set forth in Articles 44 and 147 of the Chilean Corporations Law; or

 

 

certain other matters set forth in our bylaws.

Shareholders may accumulate their votes for the election of directors and cast all of their votes in favor of one person.

In general, Chilean law does not require a Chilean open stock corporation to provide the level and type of information that U.S. securities laws require a reporting company to provide to its shareholders in connection with a solicitation of proxies. However, shareholders are entitled to examine the books of a company and its subsidiaries within the 15-day period before any ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting.

The Chilean Corporations Law provides that a Chilean company’s annual report must include, in addition to the materials provided by the board of directors to shareholders, the comments and proposals made by the directors’ committee, and, whenever shareholders representing 10% or more of the issued voting shares so request, such shareholders’ comments and proposals in relation to the company’s affairs. Similarly, the Chilean Corporations Law provides that whenever the board of directors of an open stock corporation convenes an ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting and solicits proxies for that meeting, or distributes information supporting its decisions or other similar material, it is obligated to include as an annex to its annual report any pertinent comments and proposals that may have been made by the directors’ committee and shareholders owning 10% or more of the company’s voting shares who have requested that such comments and proposals be so included.

Only shareholders registered as such with us on the fifth business day prior to the date of a meeting are entitled to attend and vote their shares. A shareholder may appoint another individual (who need not be a shareholder) as his proxy to attend and vote on his behalf. Every shareholder entitled to attend and vote at a shareholders’ meeting has one vote for every share subscribed, as we do not have special classes of shares with different voting rights.

 

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Our shareholders’ meetings held in 2012 are:

 

 

At the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting held on March 22, 2012 our shareholders’ agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend N° 200, in the amount of CLP$2.984740 per Banco de Chile common share, with a charge to 2011 net distributable income of Banco de Chile.

 

 

At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 22, 2012, our shareholders agreed to issue a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2011 by means of the issuance of fully paid-in shares, without par value, with a value of Ch$67.48 per share, which was distributed among the shareholders in the proportion of 0.018956 fully paid-in shares for each share held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396.

 

 

At the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on October 17, 2012 our shareholders agreed to increase our capital in the amount of CLP$250,000,000,000 (approximately U.S.$521 million) by means of the issuance of 3,939,489,442 cash shares “Banco de Chile-T series”. These shares have the same rights as all of Banco de Chile’s shares, except that the holders of Banco de Chile T-series shares will not receive dividends or fully paid-in shares in respect of our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once any dividends and/or fully paid-in shares are distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares will automatically convert to Banco de Chile shares. As of the date of filing, all these shares are fully paid.

Dividend, Liquidation and Appraisal Rights

For a description of the provisions of our estatutos related to our dividends, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends.”

Under the Chilean Corporations Law, Chilean companies are generally required to distribute at least 30% of their earnings as dividends. Previously, the General Banking Law stated that banks were permitted to distribute less than such minimum amount in any given year with the approval of holders of at least two-thirds of the bank’s common stock. In 2006, however, this possibility was eliminated by law. In the event of any loss of capital, no dividends can be distributed so long as such loss is not recovered. Also, a bank cannot distribute dividends above the legal minimum if doing so would result in the bank exceeding its ratio of risk-weighted assets to regulatory capital or total assets. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends.”

Dividends that are declared but not paid by the date set for payment at the time of declaration are adjusted from the date set for payment to the date such dividends are actually paid, and interest is accrued thereon. The right to receive a dividend lapses if it is not claimed within five years from the date the dividend is payable, and the funds may be claimed by the Chilean treasury.

We may declare a dividend in cash or in shares. When a share dividend is declared above the legal minimum (which minimum must be paid in cash), our shareholders must be given the option to elect to receive cash. A holder of our ADSs may, in the absence of an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an available exemption from the registration requirement thereunder, effectively be required to receive a dividend in cash. See “—Preemptive Rights and Increases of Share Capital.”

In the event of our liquidation, the holders of our fully paid shares would participate equally and ratably, in proportion to the number of paid-in shares held by them, in our assets available after payment of all our creditors. The holders of fully paid shares would not be required to contribute additional capital to us in the event of our liquidation.

In accordance with the General Banking Law, our shareholders do not have appraisal rights in the event of a business combination or otherwise.

 

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Approval of Financial Statements

Our board of directors is required to submit our audited consolidated financial statements to the shareholders annually for their approval. The approval or rejection of the financial statements is entirely within our shareholders’ discretion. If our shareholders reject our consolidated financial statements, our board of directors must submit new consolidated financial statements not later than 60 calendar days from the date of the rejection. If our shareholders reject our new consolidated financial statements, our entire board of directors is deemed removed from office and a new board of directors shall be elected at the same meeting. Directors who individually approved our consolidated financial statements are disqualified from running for re-election for the ensuing period.

Registrations and Transfers

We act as our own registrar and transfer agent, as is customary among Chilean companies. In the case of jointly owned shares, an attorney-in-fact must be appointed to represent the joint owners in dealings with us

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions.”

EXCHANGE CONTROLS

The Central Bank is responsible for maintaining the stability of the Chilean peso and the normal functioning of internal and external payments. The authority of the Central Bank for these purposes includes regulation of the amount of currency and credit in circulation, the performance of credit transactions and foreign exchange operations and the issuance of regulatory provisions regarding monetary, credit, financing and foreign exchange matters.

Under the Basic Constitutional Act of the Central Bank, Law 18,840, foreign exchange operations can be carried out in Chile by any person, subject to the limitations and restrictions established by the Central Bank. Foreign exchange transactions include buying and selling foreign currency and, in general, any act or agreement that may have the effect of creating, amending, or extinguishing an obligation payable in such currency, even if no transfer of funds or drafts to or from Chile is actually involved. Foreign exchange transactions also include transfers of or transactions with respect to gold or instruments representing gold.

The Central Bank can impose the following limitations on foreign exchange transactions:

 

 

The Central Bank can require that the transaction of specified foreign exchange operations, such as foreign investments and foreign credits, be reported to it; and

 

 

The Central Bank can require that the execution of certain foreign exchange operations, such as money transfers to and from Chile, be made only in the Formal Exchange Market. The Formal Exchange Market consists of banks and other entities authorized by the Central Bank.

Also, the Central Bank has the authority to establish certain restrictions on foreign exchange transactions with respect to the Formal Exchange Market. These restrictions may include the following: the obligation to return to Chile in Chilean pesos the value obtained in the export of goods, services, and other payments to foreign persons or entities that have a right of residency in Chile; that a reserve be maintained for credits, deposits and investments in foreign currency from or to a foreign country; and the obligation to obtain approval for payment or remittance of foreign exchange transactions, among others.

These restrictions may only be imposed by resolution adopted by the majority of board members of the Central Bank if required for the stability of the currency or the financing of the balance of payments of the country. Additionally, these restrictions may only be imposed for a predetermined period, which, at the most, may extend to a year. The resolution may be subject to veto by the Minister of Finance, in which case the restriction may only be adopted pursuant to a favorable vote of all the board members. The restriction, once the predetermined period has expired, may be renewed subject to the preceding rules.

 

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On April 16, 2001, the Central Bank eliminated the prior foreign exchange restrictions, replaced the former Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations (“Compendium”) by a new one, and eliminated Chapter XXVI of the old Compendium, which regulated the establishment of an ADR facility by a Chilean company. Notwithstanding such replacement, the special regime of Chapter XXVI continued in force for Banco de Chile’s ADS program until March 7, 2011, when the Central Bank of Chile, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as depositary bank, and Banco de Chile executed an agreement that terminated the Exchange Convention (“Convención Cambiaria”). As a consequence of such termination, the special exchange regime established in the Exchange Convention is no longer applicable. Thus, the Deposit Agreement, as amended, and Banco de Chile’s ADS program are subject to the exchange regulations of general applicability of Chapter XIV of the Compendium or such new regulations that may be issued in the future. A copy of the amendment to the deposit agreement, dated February 1, 2011, can be found as an Exhibit to this annual report.

The ADS facility is governed by Chapter XIV of the Compendium on “Regulations applicable to Credits, Deposits, Investments and Capital Contributions from Abroad”. According to Chapter XIV, the establishment of an ADS facility is regarded as an ordinary foreign investment, subject to the above mentioned limitations, and it is not necessary to seek the Central Bank’s prior approval in order to establish an ADS facility. The establishment of an ADS facility only requires that the Central Bank be informed of the transaction, and that the transaction be conducted through the Formal Exchange Market.

In Chile, foreign investments can also be made through the Foreign Investment Committee under Decree Law No. 600, Foreign Investment Statute, which is an optional mechanism to invest capital in Chile that requires, among other items, a foreign investment contract with the State of Chile.

Investment in Our Shares and ADSs

Investments made in shares of our common stock are subject to the following requirements:

 

 

any foreign investor acquiring shares of our common stock who brought funds into Chile for that purpose must bring those funds through an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market;

 

 

any foreign investor acquiring shares of our common stock to be converted into ADSs or deposited into an ADR facility who brought funds into Chile for that purpose must bring those funds through an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market;

 

 

in both cases, the entity of the Formal Exchange Market through which the funds are brought into Chile must report such investment to the Central Bank;

 

 

all remittances of funds from Chile to the foreign investor upon the sale of the acquired shares of our common stock or from dividends or other distributions made in connection therewith must be made through the Formal Exchange Market;

 

 

all remittances of funds from Chile to the foreign investor upon the sale of shares underlying ADSs or from dividends or other distributions made in connection therewith must be made through the Formal Exchange Market; and

 

 

all remittances of funds made to the foreign investor must be reported to the Central Bank by the intervening entity of the Formal Exchange Market.

When funds are brought into Chile for a purpose other than to acquire shares to convert them into ADSs or deposit them into an ADR facility and subsequently such funds are used to acquire shares to be converted into ADSs or deposited into an ADR facility, such investment must be reported to the Central Bank by the custodian within ten days following the end of each month within which the custodian is obligated to deliver periodic reports to the Central Bank.

When funds to acquire shares of our common stock or to acquire shares to convert them into ADSs or deposit them into an ADR facility are received by us abroad (i.e., outside of Chile), such investment must be reported to the Central Bank directly by the foreign investor or by an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market within ten days following the end of the month in which the investment was made.

 

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All payments in foreign currency in connection with our shares of common stock or ADSs made from Chile through the Formal Exchange Market must be reported to the Central Bank by the entity participating in the transaction. In the event there are payments made outside of Chile, the foreign investor must provide the relevant information to the Central Bank directly or through an entity of the Formal Exchange Market within the first ten calendar days of the month following the date on which the payment was made.

There can be no assurance that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to the holders of ADSs, the disposition of shares of our common shares underlying ADSs or the conversion or repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition will not be imposed in the future, nor can we assess the duration or impact of such restrictions if imposed.

This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to Chapter XIV of the Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations, a copy of which is available in Spanish and English versions at the Central Bank’s website at www.bcentral.cl.

 

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TAXATION

Chilean Tax Considerations

The following discussion is based on certain Chilean income tax laws presently in force, including Ruling No. 324 of January 29, 1990, of the Servicio de Impuestos Internos, or the Chilean Internal Revenue Service, and other applicable regulations and rulings. The discussion summarizes the principal Chilean income tax consequences of an investment in ADSs or shares of common stock by an individual who is not domiciled in, or a resident of, Chile or a legal entity that is not organized under the laws of Chile and does not have a permanent establishment located in Chile, which we refer to as a foreign holder. For purposes of Chilean tax law, an individual holder is a resident of Chile if he or she has resided in Chile for more than six months in one calendar year or for a total of more than six months in two consecutive tax years. The Chilean Internal Revenue Service has interpreted that the six months period must be uninterrupted. An individual holder is domiciled in Chile if he or she resides in Chile with the purpose of staying in Chile. Also, according to the Chilean Internal Revenue Service, an individual that has no residence in Chile may be nonetheless considered as domiciled in Chile if he or she intends to stay in Chile commencing on the day of entry into the country and such intention is evidenced by circumstances such as the acceptance of employment within Chile or the relocation of his or her family to Chile. This discussion is not intended as tax advice to any particular investor, which can be rendered only in light of that investor’s particular tax situation.

Under Chilean law, provisions contained in statutes such as tax rates applicable to foreign holders, the computation of taxable income for Chilean purposes and the manner in which Chilean taxes are imposed and collected may be amended only by another statute. In addition, the Chilean tax authorities issue rulings and regulations of either general or specific application and interpret the provisions of Chilean tax law. Chilean taxes may not be assessed retroactively against taxpayers who act in good faith relying on such rulings and regulations, but Chilean tax authorities may change rulings and regulations prospectively. Chile and the United States have executed an income and capital tax treaty for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion, but this treaty is not in effect, and its effectiveness is contingent upon ratification in the United States Senate and by the Chilean Congress. At this time it is not clear when the United States Senate and the Chilean Congress will consider ratification, and therefore the effective date of the treaty is uncertain.

Cash Dividends and Other Distributions

Cash dividends paid by us with respect to ADSs or shares of common stock held by a foreign holder are subject to a 35.0% Chilean withholding tax, which is withheld and paid over by us, which we refer to as the Chilean withholding tax. A credit against the Chilean withholding tax is available based on the corporate income tax, or the first category tax, actually paid on the taxable income to which the dividend is imputed; however, this credit does not reduce the Chilean withholding tax on a one-for-one basis because it also increases the base on which the Chilean withholding tax is imposed. Distribution of book income in excess of retained taxable income is subject to the Chilean withholding tax, but such distribution is not eligible for the credit since said income is not subject to the first category tax at the corporate level. Finally, the distribution of non-taxable incomes or incomes subject to the first category tax applied as a sole tax are both not subject to Chilean withholding tax. Under Chilean income tax law, for purposes of determining the level of the first category tax paid, dividends generally are assumed to have been paid out of oldest retained taxable profits. The effective rate of withholding tax to be imposed on dividends paid by us will vary depending upon the amount of the first category tax paid by us on the earnings to which the dividends are attributed. In our case, the amount paid as the first category tax is lower than it would be based on our income because the dividends paid to SAOS are considered tax deductible. For reconstruction purposes arising from the earthquake of February 2010, the first category tax rate was increased to 20% for year 2011 and to 18.5% for year 2012, returning on 2013 to its normal tax-rate of 17%. However, for educational improvement purposes, the law 20,630 permanently increased the first category tax rate to 20% since 2012. Independently of the first category tax rate applicable at the corporate level, the effective overall combined rate of Chilean taxes imposed with respect to our distributed profits is 35.0%.

The foregoing tax consequences apply to cash dividends paid and dividend distributions made in property, other than shares of common stock. Share dividends are not subject to Chilean taxation.

 

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Capital Gains

Gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition by a foreign holder of ADSs (or ADRs evidencing ADSs) will not be subject to Chilean taxation, provided that such disposition occurs outside Chile or that it is performed under the rules of Title XXIV of the Chilean Securities Market Law. The deposit and withdrawal of shares of common stock in exchange for ADRs will not be subject to any Chilean taxes.

Gain recognized on the sale or exchange of shares of common stock (as distinguished from sales or exchanges of ADSs representing such shares of common stock) by a foreign holder will be subject to both the first category tax and the Chilean withholding tax (the first category tax being creditable against the latter) if:

(1) the foreign holder has held such shares of common stock for less than one year from the exchange of ADSs for the shares of common stock,

(2) the foreign holder acquired and disposed of the shares of common stock in the ordinary course of its business or as a regular trader of stock or

(3) the sale is made to a company in which the foreign holder holds an interest (10.0% or more of the shares in the case of open stock corporations).

In this case, as was mentioned, if the gain recognized is subject to general taxation, that is, both the first category tax and the Chilean withholding tax (the first category tax being creditable against the latter), a 20.0% provisional withholding tax would be imposed on the total amount (the sale price without any deduction) paid to, credited to, accounted for, put at the disposal of, or corresponding to the foreign holder. In this case, the foreign holder would be entitled to request a tax refund for any amounts withheld in excess of the taxes actually due, in April of the following year upon filing of its corresponding tax return.

In case of transactions since of January 1, 2013, the above mentioned law (20.630) changed the rule about the provisional withholding tax, applying a 35% of withholding tax rate over the amount remitted abroad (maintaining the credit against the Chilean withholding tax based on the corporate income tax available).

If the transaction does not meet the above 3 conditions mentioned above, the tax to be applied would be equal to the corporate tax rate on the profit as a sole tax and, according to the tax law, a provisional withholding tax equal to the first category tax rate would be applied (18.5% until 08.31.2012 and 20% since September 1, 2012). If the profit subject to taxation cannot be determined, the disposition of shares of common stock will be subject to 5.0% withholding tax on the total amount to be remitted abroad, without any deductions, as a provisional payment of the total tax due.

The acquisition value of the shares of common stock received in exchange for ADSs will represent the tax basis of such shares. The acquisition value is determined by the parties in the relevant deposit agreement, and generally corresponds to the highest price at which they are traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange on the date exchange takes place. Consequently, the conversion of ADSs into shares of common stock and sale of such shares of common stock for the value established under the deposit agreement will not generate a capital gain subject to taxation in Chile.

However, as the exchange is generally registered two days after the transaction is made, in case the price of the shares goes down, a gain would arise. To remedy this situation, on October 1, 1999, the Chilean Internal Revenue Service issued Ruling No. 3,708, allowing Chilean issuers of ADSs to amend the deposit agreements to which they are parties in order to include a clause that states that, in the case that the exchanged shares are sold by the ADSs’ holders in a Chilean stock exchange, either on the same day in which the exchange is recorded in the shareholders’ registry of the issuer or within the two prior business days to such date, the acquisition price of said exchanged shares shall be the price registered in the invoice issued by the stock broker that participated in the sale. Consequently, if this clause were included in the deposit agreement, the capital gain that may be generated if the exchange date is different from the date in which the shares received in exchange for ADSs were sold, it will not be subject to taxation.

 

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The distribution and exercise of preemptive rights relating to the shares of common stock will not be subject to Chilean taxation. Amounts received in exchange for the shares or assignment of preemptive rights relating to the shares will be subject to both the first category tax and the Chilean withholding tax (the former being creditable against the latter to the extent described above).

Capital gains obtained by foreign institutional investors such as mutual funds, pension funds and others, from the sale of shares of publicly traded corporations, which are actively traded in a stock exchange, carried out through a Chilean stock exchange authorized by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance or in a tender offer are exempt of income tax in Chile.

A foreign institutional investor is an entity that is:

 

 

a fund that makes public offers of its shares in a country with investment grade public debt, according to a classification performed by an international risk classification entity registered with the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance;

 

 

a fund registered with a regulatory entity of a country with investment grade public debt, according to a classification performed by an international risk classification entity registered with the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, provided that its investments in Chile, including securities issued abroad representing Chilean securities, represent less than 30.0% of its portfolio;

 

 

a fund whose investments in Chile, including securities issued abroad representing Chilean securities, represent less than 30.0% of its portfolio, provided that no more than 10.0% of the equity or right to the profits of the fund is directly or indirectly owned by Chilean residents;

 

 

a pension fund that is exclusively organized by individuals that receive their pensions out of an accumulated capital in the fund, which is subject in its home country to regulation or supervision by the regulatory authorities;

 

 

a Foreign Capital Investment Fund, as defined in Chilean Law No. 18,657, in which case all quota holders must be non-Chilean residents or Chilean institutional investors; or

 

 

any other foreign institutional investor that complies with the regulatory requirements set forth in general regulations for each category of investor, prior information from the SVS and the Chilean IRS.

In order to be entitled to the exemption under analysis, foreign institutional investors, during the time in which they operate in Chile, must meet the following requirements:

 

 

be organized abroad and not be domiciled in Chile;

 

 

not participate either directly or indirectly in the control of the issuers of the securities in which they invest or directly or indirectly hold or participate in, 10.0% or more of the capital or the profits of such corporations.;

 

 

execute a written agreement with a Chilean bank or stock broker incorporated in Chile, in which the bank or stock broker undertakes to execute purchase and sale orders, verify the applicability of the tax exemption or the applicability of taxes, and in this last case verify that the applicable withholdings have been made by the payor of the rent; and

 

 

register with the Chilean Internal Revenue Service by means of a sworn statement issued by the bank or stock broker mentioned above.

 

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Also, according to article 107 of the Chilean Income Law, gains derived from the sale or transfer of shares of publicly-traded companies organized in Chile that are actively traded in a stock exchange, as defined in the relevant regulation,1 are exempt of taxes in Chile, provided that the following requirements are met:

 

 

The seller must have acquired the shares: (i) in a Chilean stock exchange authorized by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance; (ii) pursuant to a regulated tender offer carried out according to Title XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Law; (iii) at the time of incorporation of the corporation or pursuant to a capital increase, (iv) pursuant to the exchange of public traded securities convertible in shares (in this case the acquisition cost of the shares corresponds to the exchange price), or (v) in a redemption of securities from mutual funds;

 

 

The shares must be sold: (i) in a stock exchange authorized by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance; (ii) pursuant to a regulated tender offer; or (iii) in a contribution of securities on mutual funds.

 

 

The exemption under analysis also applies if the sale or transfer of shares is executed within 90 days following the day on which they were no longer considered as actively traded. In such case, the profit exempted from Chilean taxes will be up to the average price of shares within the last 90 days on which they were actively traded. Any profit above the average price will be subject to the general tax regime applicable to the transfer of shares.

Other Chilean Taxes

There are no Chilean inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the transfer or disposition of the ADSs by a foreign holder, however according to the Chilean Internal Revenue Services’ criteria; such taxes generally will apply to the transfer at death or by a gift of shares of common stock by a foreign holder. No Chilean stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties apply to foreign holders of ADSs or shares of common stock.

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock, as well as the ownership and disposition of ADSs received pursuant to a deposit into the ADR facility of shares of our common stock, by a beneficial owner that is: (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust (or otherwise if the trust has a valid election in effect under current U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person). For purposes of this discussion, we refer to these owners of ADSs or shares of our common stock as “U.S. Holders.” If a partnership holds ADSs or shares of our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A prospective investor who is a partner of a partnership holding ADSs or shares of our common stock should consult its own tax advisors.

This summary is not a comprehensive discussion of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a U.S. Holder’s decision to acquire ADS or shares of our common stock. In particular, this discussion is directed only to U.S. Holders that will hold ADSs or shares of our common stock as capital assets (generally, property held for investment) and it does not address any special U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to U.S. Holders that are subject to special treatment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“U.S. Code”), such as banks, brokers or dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities electing the mark-to-market method of accounting, financial institutions, life insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, regulated investment companies,

 

1  A share is actively traded if (i) at least 25% of the days within the last 180 trading days preceding the day of transaction reaches a minimum for the equivalent in pesos to 1000 UF (MUS$ 46 approximately), or (ii) it has a market maker as defined by the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance.

 

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real estate investment trusts, partnerships, holders that own or are treated as owning 10% or more of our voting shares of our common stock, persons holding ADSs or shares of our common stock as part of a hedging, conversion or other integrated transaction or a straddle, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax or persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. Prospective investors are advised to satisfy themselves as to the overall U.S. federal, state and local tax consequences of their ownership of ADSs or shares of our common stock by consulting their own tax advisors.

Except where specifically described below, this discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please see the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies” below.

The statements of U.S. federal income tax laws set out below are based on the laws in force as of the date hereof and may be subject to changes in U.S. federal income tax law occurring after that date, including changes that may have retroactive effect.

ADRs

A U.S. Holder who deposits shares of our common stock into the ADR facility, receiving ADSs in return, will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares of our common stock represented by those ADSs and evidenced by ADRs. Deposits and withdrawals of shares of our common stock by U.S. Holders in exchange for ADSs will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Taxation of Dividends

Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies,” distributions of cash or property (other than shares of our common stock, if any, distributed pro rata to all of our shareholders, including holders of ADSs) paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) with respect to ADSs or shares of our common stock, including the net amount of the Chilean income tax withheld on the distribution (after taking into account the credit for the first category tax), will be includible in gross income as ordinary income on the date on which the U.S. Holder receives the dividends, in the case of shares of our common stock, or the date the depositary receives the dividends, in the case of ADSs. To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such excess amounts will be treated first as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the shares of our common stock and, thereafter, as capital gain. As used below, the term “dividend” means a distribution that constitutes a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends paid in Chilean pesos generally will be includible in gross income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the U.S. Holder receives the dividends, in the case of shares of our common stock, or the date the depositary receives the dividends, in the case of ADSs. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of foreign currency gain or loss, if any, on any Chilean pesos received which are converted into U.S. dollars after they are received.

Dividends paid to corporate U.S. Holders with respect to ADSs or shares of our common stock will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations under the U.S. Code. Under current law, dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders with respect to ADSs will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at preferential rates if the dividends constitute “qualified dividend income” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends paid on the ADSs will be treated as qualified dividend income if:

 

 

the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States; and

 

 

we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a PFIC.

The ADSs are listed on the NYSE, and will qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States so long as they are so listed. Moreover, as discussed below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies,” we believe that we will not be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2012 and current taxable year, and based on our current expectations regarding the value and nature of

 

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our assets, the sources and nature of our income, relevant market and shareholder data and our current business plans, we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC in the future. However, there can be no assurance in this regard because the PFIC determination is made annually and is based on the portion of our assets (including goodwill) and income that is characterized as passive under the PFIC rules and our continued qualification for an exception to the PFIC rules for certain foreign banks.

Based on existing guidance, we do not expect that dividends paid on shares of our common stock will be qualified dividends because shares of our common stock are not readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and, although a comprehensive income tax treaty between Chile and the United States has been signed, such treaty is not currently in force.

Subject to generally applicable limitations and conditions under the U.S. Code (including a minimum holding period requirement), Chilean income tax withheld from dividends (after taking into account the credit for the first category tax, when it is available) will be treated as a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. If the amount of Chilean income tax initially withheld from a dividend is determined to be in excess of a U.S. Holder’s Chilean tax liability, thereby permitting a U.S. Holder to obtain a refund in respect of such excess tax, such excess tax may not be creditable. Dividends paid on the ADSs or shares of our common stock generally will constitute foreign source income, and for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit, as “passive category income,” for most U.S. Holders. U.S. Holders are not allowed foreign tax credits for income taxes withheld in respect of certain short-term or hedged positions in securities and may not be allowed foreign tax credits in respect of arrangements in which their expected economic profit is insubstantial. Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may be able to deduct Chilean income taxes paid with respect to dividends on our shares of common stock against its taxable income, assuming such U.S. Holder does not take a credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. U.S. Holders should consult their own advisors concerning the implications of these rules in light of their particular circumstances.

Taxation of Capital Gains or Losses

Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies,” gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of ADSs or shares of our common stock generally will be capital gain or loss and generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares of our common stock have been held for more than one year. The amount of gain or loss realized will be the difference between (i) the amount realized on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of ADSs or shares of our common stock over (ii) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such ADSs or shares of our common stock. Long-term capital gain realized by certain U.S. Holders (including individuals) generally is eligible for favorable rates of U.S. federal income tax. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations under the U.S. Code.

The initial tax basis of shares of our common stock purchased by a U.S. Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the Chilean pesos denominated purchase price determined on the date of purchase. If shares of our common stock are treated as being traded on an “established securities market,” a cash basis U.S. Holder, or, if it elects, an accrual basis U.S. Holder, will determine the U.S. dollar value of the cost of such shares by translating the amount paid at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the purchase. If a U.S. Holder converts U.S. dollars to Chilean pesos and immediately uses the currency to purchase shares of our common stock, such conversion generally will not result in taxable gain or loss to the U.S. Holder.

With respect to the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock, the amount realized by a U.S. Holder generally will be the U.S. dollar value of the payment received determined on (1) the date of receipt of payment in the case of a cash basis U.S. Holder or (2) the date of disposition in the case of an accrual basis U.S. Holder. If shares of our common stock are treated as being traded on an “established securities market,” a cash basis U.S. Holder, or, if it elects, an accrual basis U.S. Holder, will determine the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized by translating the amount received at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the sale.

Any gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder on such a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock generally will be treated as U.S. source income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. If Chilean income tax is withheld on such sale, exchange or other taxable disposition (see “Taxation—Chilean Tax Considerations—Capital Gains”), a U.S. Holder generally would not be able to utilize foreign tax credits in respect of such Chilean income tax unless the U.S. Holder has other income from foreign sources, for purposes of the

 

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foreign tax credit limitation rules. Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may be able to deduct Chilean income taxes paid with respect to a disposition of shares of our common stock against its taxable income, assuming such U.S. Holder does not take a credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foreign tax credit limitation rules to their investment in, and disposition of, the shares of our common stock.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

Special U.S. federal income tax rules apply to U.S. persons owning ADSs or common shares of a PFIC. A foreign corporation generally will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which, after applying relevant look through rules with respect to the income and assets of subsidiaries, either:

 

 

at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income”; or

 

 

on average at least 50% of the gross value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income.

For this purpose, passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, gains from the disposition of passive assets and gains from commodities and securities transactions. In determining whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC, a pro rata portion of the income and assets of each corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% interest (by value) is taken into account.

Banks generally derive a substantial part of their income from assets that are interest bearing or that otherwise could be considered passive under the PFIC rules. An exception, however, is provided for income derived in the active conduct of a banking business (the “Active Bank Exception”). The application of the Active Bank Exception to banks is unclear under present U.S. federal income tax law. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“U.S. IRS”) has issued a notice and has proposed U.S. Treasury regulations which have different requirements for qualifying as a foreign bank and for determining the banking income that may be excluded from passive income under the Active Bank Exception. Based on our current estimates of our gross income and gross assets, the nature of our business and our interpretation of the proposed U.S. Treasury regulations and notice relating to the Active Bank Exception, we do not expect to be classified as a PFIC for our current taxable year (although the determination cannot be made until the end of such taxable year), and we intend to continue our operations in such a manner that we do not expect to be classified as a PFIC in the foreseeable future. There can be no assurances in this regard, however, because the application of the relevant rules is complex and involves some uncertainty. The PFIC determination is made annually and is based on the portion of our assets (including goodwill) and income that is characterized as passive under the PFIC rules. In addition, the relevant U.S. Treasury regulations addressing the Active Bank Exception may not be finalized in their current form, and our PFIC status may be impacted if and when these U.S. Treasury regulations are finalized. Moreover, our business plans may change, which may affect the PFIC determination in future years.

If we are treated as a PFIC for any year, U.S. Holders may be subject to adverse tax consequences upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or shares of our common stock, or upon the receipt of certain “excess distributions” (generally distributions in excess of 125% of the average distribution over the shorter of a three-year period or the U.S. Holder’s holding period for shares of our common stock) from us. In this event, unless a U.S. Holder elects to be taxed annually on a mark-to-market basis with respect to ADSs or shares of our common stock, as described below, any gain realized on a sale or other taxable disposition of ADSs or shares of our common stock or excess distributions would be treated as realized ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such ADSs or shares of our common stock, and amounts allocated to prior years during which we were a PFIC would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year. An additional interest charge may apply to the portion of the U.S. federal income tax liability on such gain or distribution treated under the PFIC rules as having been deferred by the U.S. Holder. Amounts allocated to the taxable year in which the sale or excess distribution occurs and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income in the taxable year in which the sale or excess distribution occurs. If we were a PFIC, certain subsidiaries and other entities in which we have a direct or indirect interest may also be PFICs (“Lower-tier PFICs”). Under attribution rules, U.S. Holders would be deemed to own their proportionate shares of Lower-tier PFICs and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax according to the rules described above on (i) certain distributions by a Lower-tier PFIC and (ii) a disposition of shares of a Lower-tier PFIC, in each case as if the U.S. Holder held such shares directly, even though such U.S. Holder had not received the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions.

 

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If we are treated as a PFIC, the rules described in the foregoing paragraph can be avoided by a U.S. Holder that makes a “mark-to-market” election. A U.S. Holder may make a mark-to-market election for ADSs or shares of our common stock (but not for the shares of any Lower-tier PFIC) if such ADSs or shares of our common stock constitute “marketable stock” as defined in the U.S. Treasury regulations. ADSs and shares of our common stock will be marketable stock if they are regularly traded on a “qualified exchange or other market” within the meaning of the U.S. Treasury regulations. The ADSs are listed on the NYSE, and will qualify as regularly traded on an established securities market so long as they are so listed. No assurance can be given, however, that our common stock will be considered regularly traded on an established securities market. In particular, it is unclear whether the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange would meet the requirements for a “qualified exchange or other market.” A U.S. Holder electing the mark-to-market regime generally would compute gain or loss at the end of each taxable year as if the ADSs or shares of our common stock had been sold at fair market value. Any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder under mark-to-market treatment, or on an actual sale, would be treated as ordinary income, and the U.S. Holder would be allowed an ordinary deduction for any decrease in the value of its ADSs or shares of our common stock as of the end of any taxable year, and for any loss recognized on an actual sale, but only to the extent, in each case, of previously included mark-to-market income not offset by previously deducted decreases in value. Any loss on an actual sale of ADSs or shares of our common stock would be a capital loss to the extent in excess of previously included mark-to-market income not offset by previously deducted decreases in value. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its ADSs or shares of our common stock will be increased by the amount of income inclusion and decreased by the amount of deductions under the mark-to-market rules. U.S. Holders should be aware, however, that if we are determined to be a PFIC, the interest charge regime described above could be applied to indirect distributions or gains deemed to be attributable to U.S. Holders in respect of any of our Lower-tier PFICs, and the mark-to-market election generally would not be effective for such Lower-tier PFICs.

The rules described in the second preceding paragraph can also be avoided by a U.S. Holder that elects to treat us as a “qualified electing fund.” However, this option will generally not be available to U.S. Holders because we do not intend to provide the information necessary for U.S. Holders to make such election.

A U.S. Holder that owns ADSs or shares of our common stock during any taxable year that we are treated as a PFIC would be required to file U.S. IRS Form 8621. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to ADSs or shares of our common stock, the availability and advisability of making an election to avoid the adverse tax consequences of the PFIC rules should we be considered a PFIC for any taxable year and the application of the reporting requirements on U.S. IRS Form 8621 to their particular situation.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Dividends paid on, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, ADSs or shares of our common stock to a U.S. Holder generally will be subject to the information reporting requirements of the U.S. Code and may be subject to backup withholding unless the U.S. Holder provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or otherwise establishes an exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the U.S. IRS.

In addition, U.S. Holders should be aware that legislation enacted in 2010 imposes new reporting requirements with respect to the holding of certain foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers, either directly or through certain foreign financial institutions, if the aggregate value of all such assets exceeds U.S.$50,000. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to ADSs or shares of our common stock and the application of these reporting requirements to their particular situations.

HOLDERS OF ADSs OR SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE CHILEAN, U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF ADSs OR SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING, IN PARTICULAR, THE EFFECT OF ANY NON-U.S., STATE OR LOCAL TAX LAWS.

 

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WHERE TO FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The materials included in this annual report on Form 20-F, and exhibits thereto, may be inspected and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains the same reports and information about us. The reports and information about us can be downloaded from the SEC’s website.

 

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Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative information related to market risk, see Note 41 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

 

Item 12 Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

 

Item 12A Debt Securities

Not Applicable.

 

Item 12B Warrants and Rights

Not Applicable.

 

Item 12C Other Securities

Not Applicable.

 

Item 12D American Depositary Shares

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Depositary”) serves as the depositary for our ADSs. ADS holders are required to pay various fees to the Depositary, and the Depositary may refuse to provide any service for which a fee is assessed until the applicable fee has been paid.

ADS holders are required to pay the Depositary amounts in respect of expenses incurred by the Depositary or its agents on behalf of ADS holders, including expenses arising from compliance with applicable law, taxes or other governmental charges, facsimile transmission or conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars.

ADS holders are also required to pay additional fees for certain services provided by the Depositary, as set forth in the table below.

 

Depositary service

  

Fee payable by ADS holders

(a) Issuance and delivery of ADRs against deposits of shares, including deposits in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions    Up to U.S.$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof)
(b) Distribution of dividends    U.S.$0.02 or less per ADS
(c) Withdrawal of shares underlying ADSs    Up to U.S.$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof)
(d) Transfer, combination and split-up of ADRs    U.S.$1.50 per ADS

The Depositary may sell (by public or private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions prior to the deposit of shares to pay the charges described in (a) and (c) of the table above. In addition, the Depositary may deduct from any distributions on or in respect of deposited securities, or may sell by public or private sale for the account of a holder, any part or all of such deposited securities (after attempting by reasonable means to notify the holder prior to such sale), and may apply such deduction or the proceeds of any such sale in payment of any tax or other governmental charge that may become payable by or on behalf of a custodian or the Depositary with respect to any ADR, any deposited securities represented by ADSs or any distribution thereon.

Payments by the Depositary

The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for certain reasonable expenses related to the ADS program, subject to a cap agreed between the Depositary and us. These reimbursable expenses currently include, but are not limited to, legal fees, NYSE listing fees, investor relations servicing, investor related presentations, ADR-related advertising and public relations in those jurisdictions in which the ADRs may be listed or otherwise quoted for trading, and accountants’ fees in relation to our regulatory filings. During the year ended December 31, 2012, such reimbursements totaled U.S.$12,625.08.

 

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PART II

 

Item 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

 

Item 14 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

 

Item 15 Controls and Procedures

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have evaluated, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2012.

There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;

(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and

(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.

Based on our assessment and those criteria, management believes that the company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012.

 

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(c) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Controls

Ernst & Young Limitada, the independent registered public accounting firm that has audited our financial statements, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011. This attestation report appears on page F-3 of our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.

(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 2011 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 16A Audit Committee Financial Expert

Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Jorge Awad M., a member of our directors/audit committee who satisfies the independence requirements of both Chilean law and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” pursuant to the Instruction to paragraph (a) of Item 16A. Mr. Awad possesses the relevant financial experience because of his oversight of the preparation of financial statements of various companies through his experience detailed in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Jorge Awad M.”, in particular with LATAM Airlines Group S.A. (an SEC registrant) as a member of their board of director’s committee, where his main duties included the examination of reports of external auditors, balance sheets and other financial statements required by applicable regulations, and also as chairman of the Chilean Bankers Association and his academic background.

 

Item 16B Code of Ethics

In 2008, we adopted a new Code of Ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act. The Code of Ethics applies to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions, and to all other employees without exception. Since 2011, the Code of Ethics additionally applies to our Directors and Consultants of our Board. A current copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to this annual report.

 

Item 16C Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

The following table sets forth the fees billed to us by our independent auditors, Ernst & Young Limitada, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Audit fees

   Ch$ 549       Ch$ 554       Ch$ 616   

Audit-related fees

     123         181         224   

Tax fees

     —           —           —     

Other fees

     30         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total fees

   Ch$ 702       Ch$ 735       Ch$ 840   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

“Audit fees” in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by Ernst & Young Limitada in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements. This line item includes: (i) the statutory audit required by local regulations, (ii) annual reviews related to filings with the SEC, and (iii) the audit of the consolidated financial statements required by Item 18 of Form 20-F.

 

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“Audit-related fees” in the above table are fees billed by Ernst & Young Limitada mainly for the audit and review of filings our filings to regulators, the SEC (USA), and the CNBV (Mexico). Additionally, we were billed for other specific reviews of certain branches in Chile and Treasury Division.

“Tax fees”—No services for tax compliance, tax advice, or tax planning was engaged or rendered by Ernst & Young Limitada during these periods.

“Other fees” in the above table are fees billed by Ernst & Young Limitada related to compensation for research studies during 2010, services rendered in connection with the merger of the subsidiaries Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. and Citibank Agencia de Valores S.A., and IFRS training and services that were specifically required by the Superintendency of Banks during 2010. Other fees were billed neither in 2011 nor in 2012.

Directors/Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Auditors are pre-approved by our directors/audit committee, whose main duties are disclosed in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices.” Furthermore, the selection of external auditors is subject to approval by our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting. All proposed services carried out by our external auditors as well as corresponding fees related to audit and non-audit services, have been presented to our directors/audit committee, which has determined they are reasonable and consistent with our policies.

 

Item 16D Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Mr. Concha serves on our directors/audit committee in reliance upon the exemption from the independence requirements contained in Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(D). We do not believe that such reliance would materially adversely affect the ability of the directors/audit committee to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3.

 

Item 16E Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We did not make any purchases of our previously issued shares during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.

 

Item 16F Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

Not Applicable.

 

Item 16G Corporate Governance

Pursuant to Section 303A.11 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE, we are required to provide a summary of the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required for U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards. We are a Chilean bank with shares listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaiso Stock Exchange, the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange, the LSE and the Latibex and ADSs listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Our corporate governance practices are governed by our bylaws, the General Banking Law, the Chilean Corporations Law, the Ley de Mercado de Valores No. 18,045 (the Securities Market Law), and the regulations issued by the Superintendency of Banks. Therefore, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards.

 

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The table below discloses the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE standards.

 

NYSE Standards

 

Our Corporate Governance Practice

Director Independence. Majority of board of directors must be independent. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. §303A.01   Pursuant to the General Banking Law, we are not required to make a determination as to the independence of our directors. However, pursuant to the Chilean Corporations Law, under certain circumstances provided in Article 50bis of such law, we are required to appoint at least one independent director.
  The definition of independence applicable to us pursuant to the Chilean Corporations Law differs in certain aspects from the definition applicable to U.S. issuers under the NYSE rules.
  Under the Chilean Corporations Law, as recently amended, there are several factors that must be observed in order to determine whether a director is deemed to be independent. These factors are included in Article 50bis of the Chilean Corporations Law. In addition, under the regulations of the Superintendency of Banks, members of the directors/audit committee must satisfy international independence criteria set forth by our board of directors.
Executive Sessions. Non-management directors must meet regularly in executive sessions without management. Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year. §303A.03   There is no similar requirement under our bylaws or under applicable Chilean law.
Audit committee. Audit committee must satisfy the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, and the more stringent requirements under the NYSE standards is required. §§303A.06, 303A.07.   We are in compliance with Rule 10A-3. The members of our directors/audit committee are not required to satisfy the NYSE independence and other audit committee standards that are not prescribed by Rule 10A-3.
Nominating/corporate governance committee. Nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from these requirements. §303A.04   We are not required to have, and do not have, a nominating/corporate governance committee.
Compensation committee. Compensation committee of independent directors is required, which must approve executive officer compensation. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. §303A.05   We are not required to have a compensation committee. Pursuant to the Chilean Corporations Law, our directors/audit committee must approve compensation plans.
Equity compensation plans. Equity compensation plans require shareholder approval, subject to limited exemptions.   Equity compensation plans require shareholder approval, subject to limited exemptions.

 

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NYSE Standards

 

Our Corporate Governance Practice

Code of Ethics. Corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics is required, with disclosure of any waiver for directors or executive officers. §303A.10   We have adopted a code of ethics applicable to all of our executive officers, employees, directors and advisors to our board of directors, a version of which is filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F. We are required by Item 16B of Form 20-F to disclose any waivers granted to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Ethics sets forth the principles and values that govern personnel conduct as well as other issues such as conflicts of interests, usage of privileged information, internal controls for fraud prevention and labor responsibility.

 

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PART III

 

Item 17 Financial Statements

Not applicable.

 

Item 18 Financial Statements

Our audited consolidated financial statements are included in this annual report beginning at page F-1. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

 

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Item 19 Exhibits

LIST OF EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit
No.

  

Exhibit

  1.1    Estatutos of Banco de Chile, which serve as our articles of incorporation and bylaws (English translation).*
  2.1    Form of Deposit agreement among Banco de Chile, JPMorgan Chase Bank as depositary, and the holders from time to time of ADSs (incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-14020) filed on October 18, 2001).
  2.2    Amendment No. 1, dated February 1, 2011, to the Deposit Agreement among Banco de Chile, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as depositary and holders from time to time of ADSs (incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form F-6 (Registration No. 333-171999) filed on February 1, 2011).
  3.1    Master Joint Venture Agreement between Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup, Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, dated July 19, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  3.2    Shareholders Agreement between Quiñenco, S.A., Citigroup Chile S.A. and the minority shareholders of LQIF, dated December 27, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  3.3    Amendment to the Master Joint Venture Agreement between Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup, Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, dated December 19, 2008 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.1    Merger Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citibank Chile, dated December 26, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.2    Cooperation Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated December 27, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.3    Global Connectivity Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated December 27, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.4    Asset Purchase Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citibank, N.A., dated December 31, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).

 

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Exhibit
No.

  

Exhibit

  4.5    Trademark License Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated December 27, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.6    First Supplementary Agreement to the Cooperation Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated February 27, 2009 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.7    First Supplementary Agreement to the Global Connectivity Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated February 27, 2009 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.8    Amendment to the Trademark License Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated February 27, 2009 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.9    Master Services Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup, Inc., dated September 25, 2009. (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference).
  8.1    List of subsidiaries.*
11.1    Code of Professional Ethics (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266 for the year ended December 21, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference).
12.1    Certification under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
12.2    Certification under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
13.1    Certification under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
15.1    Consent of Ernst & Young Limitada.*

 

* Filed herewith.

Omitted from the exhibits filed with this annual report are certain instruments and agreements with respect to our long-term debt, none of which authorizes securities in a total amount that exceeds 10% of our total assets. We hereby agree to furnish to the SEC copies of any such omitted instruments or agreements as the SEC requests.

 

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Consolidated Financial Statements

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

December 31, 2011 and 2012

 

Ch$ or CLP

     =     

Chilean pesos

MCh$

     =     

Millions of Chilean pesos

US$ or USD

     =     

U.S. dollars

ThUS$

     =     

Thousands of U.S. dollars

JPY

     =     

Japanese yen

EUR

     =     

Euro

MXN

     =     

Mexican pesos

PEN

     =     

Peruvian nuevo sol

U.F. or CLF

     =     

Unidad de foment

          (The unidad de fomento is an inflation-indexed, Chilean peso denominated monetary unit set daily in advance on the basis of the previous month’s inflation rate).

 

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Table of Contents

Index

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-3   

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

     F-4   

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

     F-6   

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

     F-7   

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

     F-9   

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

     F-10   

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-12   

 

F-2


Table of Contents

LOGO

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Banco de Chile:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries (the “Bank”) which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Bank’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Banco de Chile and subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated April 16, 2013, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

ERNST & YOUNG LIMITADA

Santiago, Chile, April 16, 2013

 

F-3


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LOGO

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Banco de Chile:

We have audited Banco de Chile and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Banco de Chile’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

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LOGO

In our opinion, Banco de Chile maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the 2012 consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and our report dated April 16, 2013, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

ERNST & YOUNG LIMITADA

Santiago, Chile, April 16, 2013.

A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited

 

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Table of Contents

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

     Notes    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2012
ThUS$
 

ASSETS

         

Cash and due from banks

   5      881,146        684,925        1,428,504   

Transactions in the course of collection

   5      373,639        310,077        646,708   

Financial assets held-for-trading

   6      269,861        159,682        333,039   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

   7      47,981        35,100        73,206   

Derivative instruments

   8      381,055        326,083        680,091   

Loans and advances to banks

   9      648,425        1,343,322        2,801,681   

Loans to customers, net

   10      17,023,756        18,383,958        38,342,249   

Financial assets available-for-sale

   11      1,471,120        1,272,316        2,653,588   

Investments in other companies

   12      13,196        11,674        24,348   

Intangible assets

   13      81,026        75,610        157,695   

Property and equipment

   14      207,888        205,189        427,950   

Investment properties

   15      17,079        16,698        34,826   

Current tax assets

   16      —          —          —     

Deferred tax assets, net

   16      60,025        55,801        116,381   

Other assets

   17      279,804        317,765        662,742   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL ASSETS

        21,756,001        23,198,200        48,383,008   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

LIABILITIES

         

Current accounts and other demand deposits

   18      4,895,426        5,470,971        11,410,455   

Transactions in the course of payment

   5      155,424        72,684        151,592   

Cash collateral on securities lent and repurchase agreements

   7      223,202        226,396        472,180   

Saving accounts and time deposits

   19      9,282,324        9,612,950        20,049,117   

Derivative instruments

   8      429,913        380,322        793,213   

Borrowings from financial institutions

   20      1,690,939        1,108,681        2,312,305   

Debt issued

   21      2,388,341        3,273,933        6,828,233   

Other financial obligations

   22      184,785        162,123        338,130   

Current tax liabilities

   16      3,095        23,189        48,364   

Provisions

   23      131,344        141,839        295,825   

Employee benefits

   24      60,634        64,545        134,617   

Other liabilities

   25      269,905        305,105        636,340   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES

        19,715,332        20,842,738        43,470,371   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

EQUITY

         

Attributable to equity holders of the parent:

         

Capital

        1,436,083        1,629,078        3,397,664   

Reserves

        229,464        296,937        619,303   

Other comprehensive income

        265        25,769        53,745   

Retained earnings:

         

Retained earnings from previous periods

        65,311        65,311        136,215   

Income for the year

        438,186        478,120        997,184   

Less:

         

Provision for minimum dividends

        (128,642     (139,755     (291,478

Non-controlling interest

        2        2        4   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL EQUITY

   27      2,040,669        2,355,462        4,912,637   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

        21,756,001        23,198,200        48,383,008   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

     Notes      2010
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2012
ThUS$
 

A. STATEMENT OF INCOME

           

Interest revenue

     28         1,092,003        1,501,684        1,672,766        3,488,781   

Interest expense

     28         (324,377     (624,209     (708,629     (1,477,942
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

        767,626        877,475        964,137        2,010,839   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from fees and commissions

     29         342,219        367,966        372,767        777,456   

Expenses from fees and commissions

     29         (49,957     (59,193     (65,510     (136,630
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net fees and commissions income

        292,262        308,773        307,257        640,826   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net financial operating income

     30         17,163        58,101        16,199        33,785   

Foreign exchange transactions, net

     31         63,762        (7,973     35,136        73,281   

Other operating income

     36         23,584        24,735        20,887        43,563   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating revenues

        1,164,397        1,261,111        1,343,616        2,802,294   

Provisions for loan losses

     32         (157,651     (146,925     (166,420     (347,091
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

OPERATING REVENUES, NET OF PROVISIONS FOR LOAN LOSSES

        1,006,746        1,114,186        1,177,196        2,455,203   

Personnel expenses

     33         (272,737     (316,991     (312,065     (650,854

Administrative expenses

     34         (197,669     (229,919     (247,459     (516,109

Depreciation and amortization

     35         (34,964     (35,131     (35,146     (73,302

Impairments

     35         (1,044     (631     (899     (1,875

Other operating expenses

     37         (37,813     (30,939     (39,550     (82,487
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES

        (544,227     (613,611     (635,119     (1,324,627
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET OPERATING INCOME

        462,519        500,575        542,077        1,130,576   

Income attributable to associates

     12         1,609        3,054        (468     (976
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

        464,128        503,629        541,609        1,129,600   

Income taxes

     16         (46,513     (65,442     (63,488     (132,414
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR

        417,615        438,187        478,121        997,186   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Attributable to:

           

Equity holders of the parent

        417,614        438,186        478,120        997,184   

Non-controlling interest

        1        1        1        2   

Net income per share from continued operations attributable to equity holders of the parent:

     27         $                 $                 $                 US$              

Basic net income per share

        4.93        5.04        5.42        0.011   

Diluted net income per share

        4.93        5.04        5.42        0.011   

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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Table of Contents

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

     Notes    2010     2011     2012     2012  
          MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     ThUS$  

B. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

           

NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR

        417,615        438,187        478,121        997,186   

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

           

Net unrealized gains (losses):

           

Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale instruments

   11      (363     (9,484     30,127        62,834   

Gains and losses on derivatives held as cash flow hedges

   8      —          (485     1,777        3,706   

Cumulative translation adjustment

        (45     68        (58     (121
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income before income taxes

        (408     (9,901     31,846        66,419   

Income tax related to other comprehensive income

   16      (162     1,956        (6,343     (13,230
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income items

        (570     (7,945     25,503        53,189   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

        417,045        430,242        503,624        1,050,375   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Attributable to:

           

Equity holders of the parent

        417,044        430,241        503,623        1,050,373   

Non-controlling interest

        1        1        1        2   

Comprehensive net income per share from continued operations attributable to equity holders of the parent:

        $                 $                 $                 US$            

Basic net income per share

        4.93        4.95        5.71        0.01   

Diluted net income per share

        4.93        4.95        5.71        0.01   

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

F-8


Table of Contents

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

              Reserves     Other comprehensive income*     Retained earnings                    
    Notes   Paid-in
capital
MCh$
    Other
reserves
MCh$
    Reserves
from
earnings
MCh$
    Unrealized
gains
(losses) on
available-
for- sale
MCh$
    Cumulative
translation
adjustment
MCh$
    Cash flow
hedge
adjustment
MCh$
    Retained
earnings
from
previous
periods
MCh$
    Income
for the
year
MCh$
    Provision
for
minimum
dividends
MCh$
    Attributable
to equity
holders of
the parent
MCh$
    Non-controlling
interest MCh$
    Total
equity
MCh$
 

Balances as of January 1, 2010

      1,158,752        99,293        85,914        8,839        (59     —          65,023        261,744        (78,524     1,600,982        3        1,600,985   

Capitalization of retained earnings

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Retention (release) earnings

      —          —          (26,925     —          —          —          —          26,925        —          —          —          —     

Dividends distributions and paid

  27     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (288,669     78,524        (210,145     (2     (210,147

Cumulative translation adjustment

      —          —          —          —          (45     —          —          —          —          (45     —          (45

Valuation adjustment on available-for- sale instruments (net)

  11     —          —          —          (525     —          —          —          —          —          (525     —          (525

Income for the year

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          417,615        —          417,615        1        417,616   

Provision for minimum dividends

  27     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (113,559     (113,559     —          (113,559
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2010

      1,158,752        99,293        58,989        8,314        (104     —          65,023        417,615        (113,559     1,694,323        2        1,694,325   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Capitalization of retained earnings

      67,217        —          —          —          —          —          —          (67,217     —          —          —          —     

Retention (release) earnings

  27     —          —          71,182        —          —          —          —          (71,182     —          —          —          —     

Dividends distributions and paid

  27     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (279,216     113,559        (165,657     (1     (165,658

Capital increase

      210,114        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          210,114        —          210,114   

Cumulative translation adjustment

      —          —          —          —          68        —          —          —          —          68        —          68   

Valuation adjustment on available-for-sale instruments (net)

  11     —          —          —          (7,618     —          —          —          —          —          (7,618     —          (7,618

Cash flow hedge adjustment, net

      —          —          —          —          —          (395     —          —          —          (395     —          (395

Equity adjustment in subsidiary

      —          —          —          —          —          —          288        —          —          288        —          288   

Income for the year

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          438,186        —          438,186        1        438,187   

Provision for minimum dividends

  27     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (128,642     (128,642     —          (128,642
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2011

      1,436,083        99,293        130,171        696        (36     (395     65,311        438,186        (128,642     2,040,667        2        2,040,669   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Capitalization of retained earnings

  27     73,911        —          —          —          —          —          —          (73,911     —          —          —          —     

Retention (release) earnings

  27     —          —          67,473        —          —          —          —          (67,473     —          —          —          —     

Dividends distributions and paid

  27     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (296,802     128,642        (168,160     (1     (168,161

Cumulative translation adjustment

      —          —          —          —          (58     —          —          —          —          (58     —          (58

Valuation adjustment on available-for-sale instruments (net)

  11     —          —          —          24,133        —          —          —          —          —          24,133        —          24,133   

Cash flow hedge adjustment, net

      —          —          —            —          1,429        —          —          —          1,429        —          1,429   

Subscription and payment of shares

  27     119,084        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          119,084        —          119,084   

Income for the year

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          478,120        —          478,120        1        478,121   

Provision for minimum dividends

  27     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (139,755     (139,755     —          (139,755
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2012

      1,629,078        99,293        197,644        24,829        (94     1,034        65,311        478,120        (139,755     2,355,460        2        2,355,462   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

* As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 total other comprehensive income is MCh$8,210, MCh$265 and MCh$25,769, respectively.

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

F-9


Table of Contents

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

          2010     2011     2012     2012  
     Notes    MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     ThUS$  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

           

Net income for the year

        417,615        438,186        478,121        997,186   

Items that do not represent cash flows:

           

Depreciation and amortization

   35      34,964        35,131        35,146        73,302   

Impairment property and equipment

   35      1,044        631        899        1,875   

Provision for loan losses

   32      184,452        193,070        207,748        433,287   

Provision financial guarantees

   32      5,368        (490     (366     (763

Fair value adjustment of financial assets held-for-trading

        (2,433     (1,242     931        1,942   

Income attributable to associates

   12      (1,609     (3,054     468        976   

Net gain on sales of assets received in lieu of payment

   36      (6,440     (5,918     (5,674     (11,834

Net gain loss on sales of property and equipment

        (753     (1,311     (318     (663

Other charges (credits) to income that do not represent cash flows

        10,147        (43,858     1,721        3,589   

(Gain) loss from foreign exchange transactions of other assets and other liabilities

        (83,307     17,296        37,133        77,446   

Net changes in interest and fee accruals

        (171,273     (60,589     40,236        83,918   

Changes in assets and liabilities that affect operating cash flows:

           

(Increase) decrease in loans and advances to banks, net

        99,183        (298,023     (695,376     (1,450,301

(Increase) decrease in loans to customers, net

        (1,218,628     (3,013,422     (1,529,011     (3,188,961

(Increase) decrease in financial assets held-for-trading, net

        (150,791     12,027        109,720        228,836   

Increase in deferred taxes, net

   16      (15,788     (2,347     4,224        8,810   

Increase in current accounts and other demand deposits

        727,613        447,990        576,301        1,201,954   

Increase (decrease) in payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

        (221,745     196,821        (15,277     (31,862

Increase (decrease) in saving accounts and time deposits

        294,017        1,540,523        327,980        684,047   

(Increase) decrease in other operating assets and liabilities

        (6,701     83,472        (103     (215

Proceeds from sale of assets received in lieu of payment

        9,491        10,221        9,510        19,834   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flows from operating activities

        (95,574     (454,886     (415,987     (867,597
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

           

(Increase) decrease in financial assets available-for-sale

        222,706        (316,083     219,403        457,595   

Purchases of property and equipment

   14      (22,329     (22,073     (17,981     (37,502

Proceeds from sales of property and equipment

        3,130        1,711        400        834   

Purchases of intangible assets

        (15,326     (9,597     (9,116     (19,013

Investments in other companies

        (4     —          (71     (148

(Increase) decrease in other assets and liabilities

        (60,712     10,505        (1,227     (2,559

Dividends received from investments in other companies

   12      984        761        943        1,967   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flows from investing activities

        128,449        (334,776     192,351        401,174   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

           

Increase (decrease) in borrowings from financial institutions

        (20,559     (7,916     142,573        297,355   

Increase (decrease) in other financial obligations

        (18,182     11,491        (16,512     (34,438

Increase (decrease) in borrowings from Central Bank

        (155,090     22,759        (22,793     (47,538

Borrowings with Central Bank of Chile (long-term)

        100        91        20        42   

Payment of borrowings from Central Bank (long-term)

        (151     (106     (56     (117

Long-term foreign borrowings

        811,520        805,594        325,247        678,347   

Payment of long-term foreign borrowings

        (633,835     (446,448     (1,013,911     (2,114,650

Other long-term borrowings

        26,797        3,894        1,526        3,183   

Payment of other long-term borrowings

        (5,656     (9,811     (7,363     (15,357

Repayment of mortgage finance bonds

        (53,206     (38,433     (27,529     (57,415

Proceeds from bond issuances

   21      592,371        749,586        717,557        1,496,564   

Proceeds from commercial papers (short-term bonds)

   21      —          —          516,428        1,077,080   

Redemption from bond issuances

        (322,786     (109,624     (389,382     (812,109

Subscription and payment of shares

   27      —          210,114        119,084        248,366   

Dividends paid

   27      (288,669     (279,216     (296,802     (619,021
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flows from financing activities

        (67,346     911,975        48,087        100,292   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

          2010     2011     2012     2012  
          MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     ThUS$  

TOTAL NET POSITIVE (NEGATIVE) CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR

        (34,471     122,313        (175,549     (366,131

Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

        (11,691     7,412        (31,720     (66,156

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

        1,088,186        1,042,024        1,171,749        2,443,843   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

   5      1,042,024        1,171,749        964,480        2,011,556   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

           

Cash paid during the year for:

           

Income taxes paid

        29,622        68,672        53,949        112,518   

Interest received

        983,750        1,356,265        1,614,122        3,366,471   

Interest paid

        (379,566     (545,534     (657,235     (1,370,753

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1. Company Information:

Banco de Chile, resulting from the merger of Banco Nacional de Chile, Banco Agrícola and Banco de Valparaíso, was formed on October 28, 1893 in the city of Santiago, in the presence of the Notary Eduardo Reyes Lavalle.

Banco de Chile (“Banco de Chile” or the “Bank”) is a Corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile, regulated by the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions (“SBIF”). Since 2001 – when the Bank was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), in the course of its American Depository Receipt (ADR) program, which is also registered at the London Stock Exchange – Banco de Chile also complies with the regulations published by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Banco de Chile’s shares are also listed on the Latinamerican securities market of the Madrid Stock Exchange (“LATIBEX”).

Banco de Chile offers a broad range of banking services to its customers, ranging from individuals to large corporations. The services are managed in large corporate banking, middle and small corporate banking, personal banking services and retail groups. Additionally, the Bank offers international as well as treasury banking services. The Bank’s subsidiaries provide other services including securities brokerage, mutual fund management, factoring, insurance brokerage, financial advisory and securitization.

Banco de Chile’s legal address is Ahumada 251, Santiago, Chile and its website is www.bancochile.cl.

The consolidated financial statements of the Group for the year ended December 31, 2012 were authorized for issuance in accordance with the directors’ resolution on April 16, 2013.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles:

 

  (a) Basis of preparation:

The Bank’s consolidated financial statements for the years 2011 and 2012 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the IASB.

The bank presents its statement of financial position broadly in order of liquidity. An analysis regarding recovery or settlement within 12 months after the statement of financial position date (current) and more than 12 months after the statement of financial position date (non–current) is presented in note 39.

The consolidated financial statements comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive income and the consolidated statements of financial position, changes in equity and cash flows and the related notes. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for available-for-sale financial assets, financial assets and financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss and derivative contracts, which have been measured at fair value.

Banco de Chile and subsidiaries classify its expenses according to the nature of expense method.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (a) Basis of preparation, continued:

 

The consolidated statement of cash flows shows the changes in cash and cash equivalents arising from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities during the period.

When compared to the prior year’s IFRS financial statements, minor reclassifications of certain line items have been made in order to ensure comparability of the information presented for 2012.

 

  (b) Basis of consolidation:

The financial statements of Banco de Chile as of and for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 have been consolidated with those of its subsidiaries. The financial statements of the bank’s subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting year as for Banco de Chile, using consistent accounting policies.

 

  (i) Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Bank, which is the parent of the group. The Bank controls entities when it has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity, generally accompanying a shareholding, either directly or indirectly, of more than one half of the voting rights. The existence of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Bank controls an entity.

The financial statements of the subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date control is obtained until the loss of control. The financial statements have been prepared using uniform accounting policies for similar transactions and other events under equivalent circumstances.

The following table details the entities in which the Bank, directly or indirectly – owns a controlling interest and that are therefore consolidated in these financial statements:

 

Rut

  

Subsidiaries

   Country      Functional
Currency
   Interest Owned  
            Direct      Indirect      Total  
            2011      2012      2011      2012      2011      2012  
            %      %      %      %      %      %  

44,000,213-7

  

Banchile Trade Services Limited

     Hong Kong       US$      100.00         100.00         —           —           100.00         100.00   

96,767,630-6

  

Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.

     Chile       $      99.98         99.98         0.02         0.02         100.00         100.00   

96,543,250-7

  

Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.

     Chile       $      99.96         99.96         —           —           99.96         99.96   

77,191,070-K

  

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

     Chile       $      99.83         99.83         0.17         0.17         100.00         100.00   

96,894,740-0

  

Banchile Factoring S.A.

     Chile       $      99.75         99.75         0.25         0.25         100.00         100.00   

96,571,220-8

  

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

     Chile       $      99.70         99.70         0.30         0.30         100.00         100.00   

96,932,010-K

  

Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

     Chile       $      99.00         99.00         1.00         1.00         100.00         100.00   

96,645,790-2

  

Socofin S.A.

     Chile       $      99.00         99.00         1.00         1.00         100.00         100.00   

96,510,950-1

  

Promarket S.A.

     Chile       $      99.00         99.00         1.00         1.00         100.00         100.00   

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

 

  (b) Basis of consolidation, continued:

 

  (i) Subsidiaries, continued

 

Significant intercompany transactions and balances between the Bank and its subsidiaries and among its subsidiaries have been eliminated for consolidation purposes. Any non-controlling interest is recognized as a separate item within the Bank’s consolidated equity.

 

  (ii) Investment in Associates

An investment in other company is an entity for which the Bank has significant influence over its operating and financial management policy decisions, but the Bank does not hold a controlling interest. Significant influence is generally presumed when the Bank holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. The existence of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Bank has significant influence. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method. Other factors considered when determining whether the Bank has significant influence over another entity are the representation on the board of directors and the existence of material intercompany transactions. The existence of these factors could require the application of the equity method for a particular investment even though the Bank holds less than 20% of the voting stock.

According to the equity method, the Bank’s investments in associates are initially recorded at cost, and subsequently increased (or decreased) to reflect both the Bank’s pro rata share of the post-acquisition net income (or loss) of the associate and other movements directly recognized in the associate’s equity. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of an associate is included in the carrying value of the investment (net of any accumulated impairment loss). Since goodwill is not reported separately associates are not tested individually for impairment. Rather, the entire investment is tested for impairment as follows.

After the application of the equity method, the Bank determines whether it is necessary to recognize an additional impairment loss on the Bank’s investment in its associates. The Bank determines at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If this is the case, the Bank calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value and recognizes the amount in its income statement.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (b) Basis of consolidation, continued:

 

  (iii) Special purpose entities

Special purpose entities (“SPEs”) are generally created to comply with a specific and well-defined objective, such as securitizing specific assets or carrying out a specific loan transaction. A SPE is consolidated if, based on an assessment of its relationship with the Bank and the risks and benefits of the SPE, the Bank concludes that it has control of the SPE. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank does not control any SPEs.

 

  (iv) Investments and mutual funds

The Bank, through its subsidiary Banchile Administradora General de Fondos, manages assets maintained in common investment and mutual funds and other investment products on behalf of investors. The financial statements of these entities are not included in these consolidated financial statements except when the Bank controls the entity. The Bank does not control or consolidate any of these funds.

 

  (c) Non-controlling interest:

Non-controlling interest represents the share of losses, income and net assets that the Bank does not control, either directly or indirectly. It is presented as a separate item in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

 

  (d) Going concern:

The Bank’s management has made an assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern and is satisfied that it has the resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, management is not aware of any material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt upon the Bank’s ability to continue as a going concern. Therefore, the financial statements continue to be prepared on the going concern basis

 

  (e) Use of estimates and judgment:

Preparing financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimations and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the valuation of assets, liabilities, income and expenses presented. Real results could differ from these estimated amounts.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (e) Use of estimate and judgment, continued:

 

Relevant estimates and assumptions are reviewed regularly by senior management in order to quantify certain assets, liabilities, income, expenses and uncertainties. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the year in which the estimate is revised and in any future period that is affected.

Some accounting matters particularly involve uncertainties and therefore require a considerable degree of estimation and critical judgment when applying accounting policies. Details on the use of estimates and judgment and their effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements are included in the following notes:

 

   

Impairment of loans (Note 9 and 10)

 

   

Impairment of other financial assets (Note 11)

 

   

Useful lives of property, equipment and intangible assets (Notes 13 and 14)

 

   

Goodwill valuation (Note 13)

 

   

Deferred taxes and income taxes (Note 16)

 

   

Provisions (Note 23)

 

   

Employee benefits (Note 24)

 

   

Commitments and contingencies (Note 26)

 

   

Provisions for loan losses (Note 32)

 

   

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities (Note 39)

 

  (f) Financial asset and liability valuation criteria:

Measurement is the process of determining the monetary amounts at which the elements of the financial statements are to be recognized and carried in the Statement of Financial Position and the Comprehensive Income. This involves selecting the particular basis or method of measurement.

These bases or methods include the following:

 

  (i) Recognition

Initially, the Bank and its subsidiaries recognize loans to customers, trading and investment securities, deposits, debt issued and subordinated liabilities on the date they originated. Purchases and sales of financial assets performed on a regular basis are recognized as of the trade date on which the Bank committed to purchase or sell the asset. All other assets and liabilities (including assets and liabilities at fair value through profit and loss) are initially recognized as of the trade date on which the Bank becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets or liabilities are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to their purchase or issuance, except in the case of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value through profit or loss.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (f) Financial asset and liability valuation criteria, continued:

 

  (ii) Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

The Bank and its subsidiaries derecognize a financial asset (or where applicable, part of a financial asset) from its Statement of Financial Position when the contractual rights to the cash flows of the financial asset have expired or when the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset are transferred during a transaction in which all ownership risks and rewards of the financial asset are transferred. Any portion of transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Bank is recognized as a separate asset or liability.

When the Bank transfers a financial asset, it assesses to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. In this case:

 

  (a) If substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset have been transferred, it is derecognized and any rights or obligations created or retained upon transfer are recognized separately as assets or liabilities.

 

  (b) If substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset have been retained, the Bank continues to recognize it.

 

  (c) If substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are neither transferred nor retained, the Bank will determine if it has retained control of the financial asset. In this case:

 

  (i) If it has not retained control, the financial asset will be derecognized and any rights or obligations created or retained upon transfer will be recognized separately as assets or liabilities.

 

  (ii) If the entity has retained control, it will continue to recognize the financial asset to the extent of its continuing involvement in the financial asset.

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

If an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of the existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the income statement.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (f) Financial asset and liability valuation criteria, continued:

 

  (iii) Offsetting

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Statement of Financial Position if, and only if, the Bank has the legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realize an asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Income and expenses are shown net only if accounting standards allow such treatment, or in the case of gains and losses arising from a group of similar transactions, such as the Bank’s trading activities.

 

  (iv) Valuation at amortized cost

Amortized cost is the amount at which a financial asset or liability is measured at initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization (calculated using the effective interest rate method) of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount and minus any reduction for impairment.

 

  (v) Fair value measurements

Fair value is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction.

When available, the Bank estimates the fair value of an instrument using quoted prices in an active market for that instrument. A market is considered active if quoted prices are readily and regularly available and represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.

If a market for a financial instrument is not active, the Bank establishes fair value using a valuation technique. These valuation techniques include the use of recent market transactions between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction, if available, as well as references to the fair value of other instruments that are substantially the same, discounted cash flows and options pricing models.

The chosen valuation technique makes maximum use of observable market data, relies as little as possible on estimates performed by the Bank, incorporates factors that market participants would consider in setting a price and is consistent with accepted economic methodologies for pricing financial instruments. Inputs into valuation technique reasonably represent market expectations and include risk and return factors that are inherent in the financial instrument. Periodically, the Bank calibrates the valuation technique and tests it for validity using prices from observable current market transactions in the same instrument or based on any available observable market data.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (f) Financial asset and liability valuation criteria, continued:

 

  (v) Fair value measurements, continued

 

The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument at initial recognition is the transaction price (i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received) unless the fair value of that instrument is evidenced by comparison with other observable current market transactions in the same instrument (i.e. without modification or repackaging) or based on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets.

When transaction price provides the best evidence of fair value at initial recognition, the financial instrument is initially measured at the transaction price and any difference between this price and the value initially obtained from a valuation model is subsequently recognized in income depending on the individual facts and circumstances of the transaction but not later than the valuation is supported wholly by observable market data or the transaction is closed out.

Generally, the Bank has assets and liabilities that offset each other’s market risks which are derivatives and available-for-sale. Assets and long positions are measured at a bid price; liabilities and short positions are measured at an asking price. Where the Bank has positions with offsetting risks, mid-market prices are used to measure the offsetting risk positions and a bid or asking price adjustment is applied only to the net open position as appropriate. Fair values reflect the credit risk of the instrument and include adjustments to account for the credit risk of the issuer, as appropriate.

Fair value estimates obtained from models are adjusted for any other factors, such as liquidity risk or model uncertainties; to the extent that the Bank believes that a third-party market participant would take them into account in pricing a transaction.

When the transaction price is different to the fair value from other observable current market transactions in the same instrument or based on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets, the Bank immediately recognizes the difference between the transaction price and fair value (a “Day 1” profit or loss) in “Net financial operating income”. In cases where fair value is determined using data which is not observable, the difference between the transaction price and model value is only recognized in the income statement when the inputs become observable, or when the instrument is derecognized.

The Bank’s fair value disclosures are included in Note 39.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (g) Loans and advances to banks:

Loans and advances to customers include non–derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments, such as domestic banks and foreign banks included the Chilean Central Bank.

After initial measurement, amounts Loans and advances to customers are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR (effective interest rate), less allowance for impairment. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees and costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The amortization is included in Interest Revenue in the income statement. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the income statement in Interest Expense.

 

  (h) Loans to customers:

 

  (i) Loan classification

Loans to customers include originated and purchased non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted on an active market and which the Bank does not intend to sell immediately or in the short-term.

Individual classified loans

An individual analysis of debtors is applied to individuals and companies that are of such significance with respect to size, complexity or level of exposure to the Bank that they must be analyzed in detail.

For purposes of establishing the appropriate allowances, the Bank classifies the debtors and their operations related to loans into one of three categories of loans portfolio: Normal, Substandard and Non-complying Loans.

 

  (i.1) Normal Loans:

Normal loans correspond to borrowers who are up to date on their payment obligations and show no sign of deterioration in their credit quality.

 

  (i.2) Substandard Loans:

Substandard loans include all borrowers with insufficient payment capacity or significant deterioration of payment capacity that may be reasonably expected not to comply with all principal and interest payments obligations set forth in the credit agreement.

This category also includes all loans that have been non-performing for more than 30 days.

 

  (i.3) Non-complying Loans:

The non-complying loans correspond to borrowers whose payment capacity is seriously at risk and who have a high likelihood of filing for bankruptcy or are renegotiating credit terms to avoid bankruptcy. This category comprises all loans outstanding from debtors that have at least one installment payment of interest or principal overdue for 90 days or more.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (h) Loans to customers, continued:

 

Group classified loans

The group analysis is used to analyze a large number of loans whose individual amounts are not significant. For this analysis, the Bank uses models based on attributes of the debtors and their loans, and on the behavior of a group of loans.

Loans to customers include originated and purchased non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted on an active market and which the Bank does not intend to sell immediately or in the short-term.

 

  (ii) Valuation method

Loans are initially measured at cost plus incremental transaction costs, and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, except that when the Bank has defined certain loans as hedged items, which are measured at fair value, changes are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

 

  (iii) Lease contracts

Accounts receivable relating to leasing contracts, included under the caption “Loans to customers”, correspond to periodic rent installments of contracts which meet the definition to be classified as financial leases and are presented at their nominal value net of unearned interest as of each year-end.

 

  (iv) Factoring transactions

The Bank and its subsidiary Banchile Factoring S.A. carry out factoring transactions, where they receive invoices and other commercial instruments representative of credit, with or without recourse, and they advance to the assignor a percentage of the total amounts to be collected from the original debtor.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the caption “Loans to customers” includes MCh$589,098 and MCh$606,137 respectively, corresponding to the amount advanced to the assignor plus accrued interest net of payments received.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (h) Loans to customers, continued:

 

  (v) Impairment of loans

At each year ended date, Banco de Chile and subsidiaries assess whether there is objective evidence that a loan asset or a group of loans is impaired. A loan asset or a group of loans is considered impaired and impairment losses are incurred if:

 

  (a) there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of a loss event that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset and up to the balance sheet date (“a loss event”);

 

  (b) the loss event had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial assets and;

 

  (c) a reliable estimate of the loss amount can be made.

Banco de Chile and subsidiaries first assess whether objective evidence of impairment exists for loans that are individually significant. It then assesses collectively for loans that are not individually significant and loans which are significant but for which no objective evidence of impairment was observed as a result of the individual assessment.

 

  (i) Allowances for individual evaluations:

An individual analysis of debtors is applied to individuals and companies that are of such significance with respect to size, complexity or level of exposure to the Bank, that they must be analyzed in detail. All corporate customers are evaluated individually and for commercial customers the cut-off amount for the individual evaluation is MCh$456,815.

To allow management to determine whether a loss event has occurred on an individual basis, all significant counterparty relationships are reviewed periodically. This evaluation considers current information and events related to the counterparty, such as whether the counterparty is experiencing significant financial difficulty or in breach of contract as, for example, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments.

The individual evaluation requires assigning a risk category to each debtor and its respective loans. This risk category should consider the following factors: industry or sector, group considerations and management, financial situation, payment behavior and payment capacity.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (h) Loans to customers, continued:

 

  (v) Impairment of Loans, continued:

 

  (i) Allowances for individual evaluations, continued:

 

If there is evidence of impairment leading to an impairment loss for an individual counterparty relationship, then the amount of the loss is determined as the difference between the carrying amount of the loan(s), including accrued interest, and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate or the effective interest rate established upon reclassification to loans, including cash flows that may result from foreclosure less costs for obtaining and selling the collateral. The carrying amount of the loans is reduced by the use of an allowance account and the amount of the loss is recognized in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit losses.

 

  (ii) Allowances for group evaluations:

The collective assessment of impairment is principally to establish an allowance amount relating to loans that are either individually significant but for which there is no objective evidence of impairment, or are not individually significant but for which there is, on a portfolio basis, a loss amount that is probable of having occurred and is reasonably estimable. The loss amount has two components.

The first component is an allowance amount representing the incurred losses on the portfolio of smaller balance homogeneous loans, which are loans to individuals and small business customers of the private and retail business. The loans are grouped according to similar credit risk characteristics and the allowance for each group is determined using statistical models based on historical experience. The second component represents an estimate of incurred losses inherent in the group of loans that have not yet been individually identified or measured as part of the smaller-balance homogeneous loans. Loans that were found not to be impaired when evaluated on an individual basis are included in the scope of this component of the allowance.

Once a loan is identified as impaired, although the accrual of interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan is discontinued, the accretion of the net present value of the written down amount of the loan due to the passage of time is recognized as interest income based on the original effective interest rate of the loan.

At each balance sheet date, all impaired loans are reviewed for changes to the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. Any change to the previously recognized impairment loss is recognized as a change to the allowance account and recorded in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit losses.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (h) Loans to customers, continued:

 

  (v) Impairment of Loans, continued:

 

Loans are written-off when collection efforts have been exhausted, but not later than the following maximum periods:

 

Type of Loan    Term
Consumer loans – secured and unsecured    6 months
Other transactions – unsecured    24 months
Commercial loans – secured    36 months
Residential mortgage loans    48 months
Consumer leases    6 months
Other non-real estate lease transactions    12 months
Real estate leases (commercial or residential)    36 months

The term represents the time elapsed since the date on which payment of all or part of the obligation in default became due.

Cash recoveries on written-off loans are recorded directly in income, through the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

If in a subsequent period the amount of a previously recognized impairment loss decreases and the decrease is due to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the impairment loss is reversed by reducing the allowance account accordingly. Such reversal is recognized in profit or loss.

 

  (vi) Renegotiated loans:

The bank attempts to restructure loans rather than to take possession of collateral. This may involve extending the payment arrangements and the agreement of new loan conditions. After having renegotiated the terms, any impairment is measured using the original effective interest rate as calculated before the modification of terms and the loan is no longer considered past due. Renegotiated loans are continuously reviewed by management to ensure that all criteria are met and that future payments are likely to occur. The loans continue to be subject to an individual or collective impairment assessment, calculated using the loan’s original effective interest rate.

 

  (vii) Collateral valuation:

The bank seeks to use collateral, where possible, to mitigate its risks on financial assets. The collateral comes in various forms such as mortgages, pledges, securities, other non-financial assets and credit enhancements. The fair value of collateral is generally assessed, at a minimum, at inception through a certified appraiser. Later, a model updates the collateral value considering factors such as location, collateral type, and observable market value, among others. However, some collateral, for example, securities, is valued daily. To the extent possible, the bank uses active market data for valuing financial assets held as collateral. (See note 41 for further analysis of collateral).

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (i) Financial guarantees:

In its ordinary course of business the Bank gives financial guarantees consisting of letters of credit, guarantees and acceptances. Financial guarantees are initially recognized in the financial statements at fair value being the premium received. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Bank’s liability is measured at the higher of the amount originally recognized less, when appropriate, cumulative amortization recognized in the income statement and the best estimate of expenditure required settling the financial obligation arising as the result of the guarantee. The premium received is recognized in the income statement in “Income from Fees and Commissions” on a straight line basis over the guarantee period.

With respect to the provision for financial guarantees, the process to determine the provision is similar to the methodology used for loans. Any loss amounts are recognized as an allowance in the consolidated balance sheet within other liabilities and charged to the consolidated statement of income as a component of the provision for credit losses. For a further description of the allowances for loan losses, see Note 2 (h) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

  (j) Finance and operating leases:

The determination of whether an arrangement is a lease, or it contains a lease, is based on the substance of the arrangement and requires an assessment of whether the fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset.

The Bank acting as lessor

Assets leased to customers under agreements which transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, with or without ultimate legal title, are classified as finance leases. When assets held are subject to a finance lease, the leased assets are derecognized and a receivable is recognized which is equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments, discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging a finance lease are incorporated into the receivable through the discount rate applied to the lease. Finance lease income is recognized over the lease term based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the finance lease.

Assets leased to customers under agreements which do not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as operating leases. The leased assets are included within premises and equipment on the Group’s balance sheet and depreciation is provided on the depreciable amount of these assets on a systematic basis over their estimated useful economic lives. Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (k) Lease transactions:

The Bank acting as lessee

Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized on the balance sheet at an amount equal to the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. The discount rate used in calculating the present value of the minimum lease payments is either the interest rate implicit in the lease, if it is practicable to determine, or the incremental borrowing rate. Contingent rentals are recognized as expense in the periods in which they are incurred. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank and its subsidiaries have not signed contracts of this nature.

Operating lease rentals payable are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which commences when the lessee controls the physical use of the property. Lease incentives are treated as a reduction of rental expense and are also recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

 

  (l) Interest revenue and expense:

Interest revenue and expenses are recognized in the income statement using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate which exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. To calculate the effective interest rate, the Bank determines cash flows by taking into account all contractual conditions of the financial instrument, excluding future credit losses.

The effective interest rate calculation includes all fees and other amounts paid or received that form part of the effective interest rate. Transaction costs include incremental costs that are directly attributable to the purchase or issuance of a financial asset or liability.

 

  (m) Fees and commissions:

Income and expenses from fees and commissions are recognized in income using different criteria based on the nature of the income or expense. The most significant criteria include:

 

  (i) Fees earned from an individual act are recognized once the act has taken place.

 

  (ii) Fees earned from transactions or services provided over a longer period of time are recognized over the life of the transactions or services. These fees include commissions and asset management, custody or other management and advisory fees.

Loan commitment fees for loans that are likely to be drawn down and other credit related fees are deferred (together with incremental costs) and recognized as an adjustment to the effective interest rate of the loan. When it is unlikely that a loan is drawn down the fees are recognized over the commitment period on a straight-line basis.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (n) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and short-term deposits in the statement of financial position comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with original maturity of three months or less, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash, and that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

The Bank has included as cash and cash equivalents to the account “Cash and due from banks”, plus (minus) the net balance of transactions in the course of collection that are shown in the Consolidated Statement Financial Position, plus short-term repurchase agreements. It also includes investments in fixed-income mutual funds that are presented in “Other Assets” in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

 

  (o) Property and equipment:

Property and equipment is stated at cost excluding servicing cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment. Changes in the expected useful life are accounted for by changing the depreciation period or method, as appropriate, and treated as changes in accounting estimates.

This cost includes expenses that have been directly attributed to the asset’s acquisition.

Depreciation is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property and equipment.

Estimated useful lives for 2011 and 2012 are as follows:

 

Buildings    50 years
Installations (in general)    10 years
Equipments     3 years
Office furniture     5 years

Property and equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognized in “Impairments” in the income statement in the year the asset is derecognized.

 

  (p) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are identified as non-monetary assets (separated from other assets) without physical substance that arise as the result of a legal transaction or that are developed internally by the consolidated entities. They are assets whose cost can be reliably estimated and for which the consolidated entities consider that it is probable that future economic benefits will be recognized.

 

F-27


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (p) Intangible assets, continued:

 

  (i) Goodwill

Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and associates representing the excess of the fair value of the purchase consideration over the net fair value of the Bank’s share of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed on the date of the acquisition.

For the purpose of calculating goodwill, fair values of acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are determined by reference to market values or by discounting expected future cash flows to present value. This discounting is either performed using market rates or by using risk-free rates and risk-adjusted expected future cash flows.

Goodwill originating from the acquisition of subsidiaries is capitalized and reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if there are indications that impairment may have occurred. Impairment is determined by comparing the present value of expected future cash flows from each cash generating unit with the carrying value of its net assets, including attributable goodwill. Goodwill is allocated to cash generating units for the purpose of impairment testing considering the business level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.

Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

 

  (ii) Software and computer programs

Computer software purchased by the Bank and its subsidiaries is accounted for at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses.

The subsequent expense in software assets is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefit for the specific asset. All other expenses are capitalized as an expense as incurred.

Amortization is recorded in income using the straight-line amortization method based on the estimated useful life of the software, from the date on which it is available for use. The estimated useful life of software is a maximum of 6 years.

Expense for internally developed software is recorded in income for each year.

 

  (iii) Other identifiable intangible assets

This item applies to identifiable intangible assets for which the cost can be reliably measured and which are likely to generate future economic benefits for the Bank. The estimated useful life of other intangible assets is a maximum of 7 years.

 

  (q) Collateral repossessed (assets received in lieu of payment):

Assets received in lieu of payment are classified under “Other Assets” and they are recorded at the lower of carrying amount and fair value, less cost to sell. Assets that are determined better to be sold are immediately transferred to assets held for sale at their fair value at the repossession date in line with the Bank’s policy.

 

F-28


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (r) Investment Properties:

Investment properties are real estate assets held to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or both, but are not held-for-sale in the ordinary course of business or used for administrative purposes. Investment properties are initially measured at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairments using the same accounting policies as property and equipment.

 

  (s) Deferred taxes and income taxes:

The income tax provision of the Bank and its subsidiaries has been determined in conformity with current legal provisions.

The Bank and its subsidiaries recognize, when appropriate, deferred tax assets and liabilities for future estimates of tax effects attributable to temporary differences between the book and tax values of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rate expected to be applied, in accordance with current tax law, in the year that deferred tax assets are realized or liabilities are settled. The effects of future changes in tax legislation or tax rates are recognized in deferred taxes starting on the date of publication of the law approving such changes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded at their book value as of the date the deferred taxes are measured. Deferred tax assets are recognized only when it is likely that future tax profits will be sufficient to recover deductions for temporary differences.

 

  (t) Presentation and functional currency:

The items included in the financial statements of each of the entities of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are valued using the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates (functional currency). The functional currency of Banco de Chile is the Chilean peso, which is also the currency used to present the entity’s consolidated financial statements.

 

  (u) Transactions in foreign currency:

Transactions and balances

Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are considered to be in foreign currency and are initially recorded at the exchange rate of the functional currency on the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted using the exchange rate of the functional currency as of the date of the Statement of Financial Position. All differences are recorded as a charge or credit to income.

Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are shown at their equivalent value in Chilean pesos, calculated using the following exchange rates as of December 31, 2011 and 2012: Ch$519.80 and Ch$479.47 to US$1, Ch$6.75 and Ch$5.57 per JPY1, Ch$674.96 and Ch$634.05 per EUR1.

The gain of MCh$35,136 (loss of MCh$7,973 in 2011) for net foreign exchange income shown in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income includes recognition of the effects of exchange rates variations on assets and liabilities in foreign currency or indexed to exchange rates, and the result of foreign exchange transactions conducted by the Bank and its subsidiaries.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (v) Derivative instruments:

Derivative instruments, which include foreign currency and U.F. forwards, interest rate forwards, currency and interest rate swaps, currency and interest rate options and other financial derivative instruments, are recorded in the Statement of Financial Position at fair value regardless of whether they are held-for-trading or for non-trading purposes.

The fair value is obtained from market quotes, discounted cash flows models and options valuation models, as and where applicable. Derivative contracts are reported as an asset when their fair value is positive and as a liability when negative under the item “Derivative Instruments”.

Certain embedded derivatives in other financial instruments are treated as separate derivatives when their risk and characteristics are not closely related to those of the main contract and if the contract in its entirety is not recorded at its fair value with its unrealized gains and losses included in income.

At inception, a derivative contract must be designated by the Bank as a derivative instrument for trading or hedging purposes.

Changes in the fair value of derivative contracts maintained for trading purposes are included in “Net financial operating income”, in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

If a derivative instrument is classified as a hedging instrument, it can be:

 

  (1) A hedge of the fair value of existing assets or liabilities or firm commitments, or

 

  (2) A hedge of cash flows related to existing assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions.

A hedge relationship for hedge accounting purposes must comply with all of the following conditions:

 

  (a) at its inception, the hedge relationship has been formally documented;

 

  (b) it is expected that the hedge will be highly effective;

 

  (c) the effectiveness of the hedge can be measured in a reasonable manner; and

 

  (d) the hedge is highly effective with respect to the hedged risk on an ongoing basis and throughout the entire hedge relationship.

Certain derivatives transactions that do not qualify for hedge accounting are treated and reported as derivatives for trading purposes even though they provide an effective hedge on the risk of net positions.

Fair Value Hedges

When a derivative instrument hedges the risk of changes in the fair value of an existing asset or liability, the asset or liability is recorded at its fair value with respect to the specific hedged risk. Gains or losses from fair value adjustments, both the hedged item and the derivative instrument, are recognized in income.

Should the hedged item in a fair value hedge be a firm commitment, changes in the fair value of the commitment with respect to the hedged risk are recorded as an asset or liability against net income for the year. Gains or losses from fair value adjustments of the hedging derivative are recorded in income. When an asset or liability is acquired as a result of the commitment, the initial recognition of the asset or liability acquired is adjusted to incorporate the accumulated effect of the valuation at fair value of the firm commitment, which was previously recorded in the Statement of Financial Position.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (v) Derivative instruments, continued:

 

Cash Flow Hedges

When a derivative hedges the risk of changes in the cash flows of existing assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions, the effective portion of changes in the fair value related to the hedged risk is recorded in equity net on income taxes. Any ineffective portion is directly recorded in income. The accumulated amounts recorded in equity are transferred to income at the moment that the hedged item affects income.

 

  (w) Financial assets held-for-trading:

Financial assets held-for-trading are securities acquired in order to generate profits from short-term price fluctuations or as a result of brokerage activities, or which are part of a portfolio on which a short-term profit-generating pattern exists. In this item are included mainly Central Bank bonds and deposits from domestic banks.

Financial assets held-for-trading are stated at their fair market value as of the Statement of Financial Position date. Gains or losses from their fair market value adjustments, as well as gains or losses from trading activities, are included in “Net financial operating income” in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Dividends, interest and indexations are reported as “Net financial operating income”.

All purchases and sales of financial assets held-for-trading that must be executed within the period established by market regulations or conventions are recorded using the trade date, which is the date on which the purchase or sale of the asset is committed. Any other purchase or sale is treated as a derivative (forward) until settlement occurs.

 

  (x) Financial assets held to maturity and available-for-sale:

Financial assets held-to-maturity include only those securities for which the Bank has the ability and intention of keeping until maturity. The remaining investments are considered as financial assets available-for-sale. The Bank reassesses on an ongoing basis whether the ability and intention to sell available-for-sale instruments remains to be given.

A financial asset classified as available-for-sale is initially recognized at its fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Financial assets available-for-sale are subsequently measured at their fair value based on market prices or valuation models. Unrealized gains or losses as result of fair value adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive income within equity. When these investments are sold, the cumulative fair value adjustments existing within equity will be recorded directly in income under “Net financial operating income”.

Financial assets held-to-maturity are recorded at their cost plus accrued interest and indexations, less impairment provisions made when the carrying amount exceeds the estimated recoverable amount.

Interest and indexations of financial assets held to maturity and available-for-sale are included in the line item “Interest revenue”. Dividends earned whilst holding available–for–sale financial investments are recognized in the income statement as “Other operating income” when the right to receive the payment has been established.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (x) Financial assets held to maturity and available-for-sale, continued:

 

Investment securities, which are subject to hedge accounting, are adjusted according to the rules for hedge accounting.

Purchases and sales of investment securities that must be delivered within a period established by market regulations or conventions are recorded using the trade date that is the date on which the purchase or sale of the asset is committed. Any other purchase or sale is treated as a derivative (forward) until liquidation occurs.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank does not hold held to maturity instruments.

 

  (y) Debt issued and other financial liabilities:

Financial instruments issued by the Bank, which are not designated at fair value through profit and loss, are classified under “Debt issued”, where the substance of the contractual arrangement results in the Bank having an obligation either to deliver cash or another financial asset to the holder, or to satisfy the obligation other than by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of equity shares.

After initial measurement, debt issued is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on the issue and costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.

The Bank applies the same accounting policies for its other financial liabilities.

 

  (z) Securities lending and borrowed:

The Bank engages in transactions with repurchase agreements as a form of investment. The securities purchased under these agreements are not recognized on the Bank’s Statement of Financial Position. The consideration paid is recognized under “Receivables from Repurchase Agreements and Security Lending” reflecting the transaction’s economic substance as a loan granted by the Bank. The difference between the purchase and resale price is recorded in “Net Interest Income” and is accrued over the duration of the agreement using its effective interest rate. This treatment reflects the economic substance as a loan to the Bank.

The Bank also enters into security repurchase agreements as a form of financing. The securities sold under agreement to repurchase at a specific date in the future are not derecognized from the Statement of Financial Position as the Bank retains all the risks and rewards of ownership. The corresponding cash received is recognized in the balance sheet as an asset with a corresponding obligation to return it, including accrued interest, as a liability within “Payables from Repurchase Agreements and Security Lending”. The difference between the sale and repurchase price is treated as “Interest Expense” and is accrued over the duration of the agreement using the effective interest rate.

The treatment of security lending and borrowing transactions follows the principles laid out above. Securities borrowed are not recorded on and, securities lent are not derecognized from the Statement of Financial Position.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (aa) Customer loyalty programs:

The Bank maintains a customer loyalty program as an incentive to its clients. The scheme grants its customers certain points depending on the value of credit card purchases they make. The collected points can be used to obtain services from a third party. In accordance with IFRIC 13 the costs which the Bank incurs providing this incentive are recognized at fair value when the corresponding revenue is recognized, considering the probabilities of being used by the customers to obtain the third party’s service. The points collected cannot be used to obtain services directly from the Bank.

 

  (ab) Provisions and contingent liabilities:

Provisions are liabilities involving uncertainty about their amount or maturity. They are recorded in the Statement of Financial Position when the following requirements are jointly met:

 

  (i) a present obligation has arisen from a past event and,

 

  (ii) as of the date of the financial statements it is likely that the Bank or its subsidiaries have to disburse resources to settle the obligation and,

 

  (iii) the amount can be reliably measured.

A contingent asset or liability is any right or obligation arisen from past events whose existence will be confirmed by one or more uncertain future events which are not within the control of the Bank. Contingent assets and liabilities are not recognized in the Statement of Financial Position.

 

  (ac) Provision for minimum dividends:

The Bank records within liabilities the portion of net income for the year that should be distributed to comply with the Corporations Law. For these purposes, the Bank establishes a provision in a complementary equity account within retained earnings.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (ad) Employee benefits:

 

  (i) Staff vacations

The annual costs of vacations and staff benefits are recognized on an accrual basis.

 

  (ii) Short-term benefits

The Bank has a yearly bonus plan for its employees based on their ability to meet objectives and their individual contribution to the Bank’s results, consisting of a given number or portion of monthly salaries. It is provisioned for based on the estimated amount to be distributed.

 

  (iii) Staff severance indemnities

Banco de Chile has recorded a liability for long-term severance indemnities in accordance with employment contracts it has with certain employees. The liability, which results from payments to specified retiring employees with more than 30 years of service, is recorded at the present value of the accrued benefits. It is calculated by applying an equivalent discount rate to the accrued benefits. These benefits accrue over the estimated average remaining service period.

Obligations for this defined benefit plan are valued according to the projected unit credit actuarial valuation method, using inputs such as staff turnover rates, expected growth in wages and the probability that this benefit will be used, discounted at current long-term rates (6.04% as of December 31, 2011 and 5.50% as of December 31, 2012). The discount rate used corresponds to the return on bonds of the Central Bank with maturity in 5 years.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognized as income or expense at the end of each reporting period. There is no past service costs that would have to be recognized by the Bank.

 

  (ae) Equity reserves:

The equity reserves recorded in the Bank’s Statement of Financial Position include:

Reserves from Earnings:

This item includes all the reserves that were originated from earnings and that by legal or statutory dispositions, or agreements of the shareholders’ meeting, will not be distributed in the form of future dividends.

Other reserves:

This item includes all the reserves that do not come from earnings and that do not correspond to those indicated in previous items.

Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale instruments:

This item comprises changes in the fair value of these instruments.

Cumulative translation adjustment:

This item is used to record exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign operations.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (af) Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing net income for the year attributable to the Bank by the average weighted number of shares in circulation during that year.

Diluted earnings per share is determined in a similar manner as basic earnings per share, but the average weighted number of shares in circulation is adjusted to account for the dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and convertible debt. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank does not have any instruments or contracts that could cause dilutions. Therefore, no adjustments have been made.

 

  (ag) Segment reporting:

The Bank’s operating segments are defined based on its different business units, considering the following factors:

 

  (i) That it develops business activities from which income is obtained and expenses are incurred (including income and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same entity).

 

  (ii) That its operating results are reviewed regularly by the entity’s highest decision-making authority for operating decisions, to decide about resource allocation for the segment and evaluate its performance; and

 

  (iii) That separate financial information is available.

 

  (ah) Identifying and measuring impairment:

Financial assets (other than loans)

Financial assets are reviewed throughout each year, and especially at each reporting date, to determine whether there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of a loss event that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset and the loss event had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset that can be reliably calculated.

A financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred if:

 

   

there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of a loss event that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset and up to the balance sheet date (“a loss event”);

 

   

the loss event had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial assets and;

 

   

a reliable estimate of the loss amount can be made.

An impairment loss for financial assets recorded at amortized cost is calculated as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows, discounted using the effective interest rate.

An impairment loss for available-for-sale financial assets is calculated using its fair value considering fair value changes already recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

F-35


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (ah) Identifying and measuring impairment. continued:

 

Financial assets (other than loans), continued

 

In the case of equity investments classified as available-for-sale financial assets, objective evidence includes a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below cost. The bank considers ‘significant’ generally as 20% and ‘prolonged’ generally as more than 6 months. In the case of debt securities classified as available-for-sale financial assets, the Bank assesses whether there exists objective evidence for impairment based on the same criteria as for loans.

If there is evidence of impairment, any amounts previously recognized in equity, in net gains (losses) not recognized in the income statement, is removed from equity and recognized in the income statement for the period, reported in net gains (losses) on financial assets available for sale. This amount is determined as the difference between the acquisition cost (net of any principal repayments and amortization) and current fair value of the asset less any impairment loss on that investment previously recognized in the income statement.

When the fair value of the available-for-sale debt security recovers to at least amortized cost it is no longer considered impaired and subsequent changes in fair value are reported in equity.

Individually significant financial assets are individually examined to determine impairment. Remaining financial assets are collectively evaluated in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. Both criteria are similar as those described in Note 2(h) Loans to customer to determine impairment individually and group.

All impairment losses are recognized in the income statement. Any cumulative loss related to available-for-sale financial assets recognized previously in equity is transferred to the income statement.

An impairment loss is reversed if, in a subsequent period, the fair value of the debt instrument classified as available for sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss. The amount of the reversal is recognized in profit or loss up to the amount previously recognized as impairment. Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified as available for sale are not reversed through profit or loss.

 

F-36


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (ah) Identifying and measuring impairment, continued:

 

Non-financial assets

The Bank assesses at each reporting date and on an ongoing basis whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or if annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Bank estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (“CGU”) fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs to sell, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, share prices and other available fair value indicators.

For assets, excluding goodwill, impairment losses recognized in prior years are assessed at each reporting date in case there are any indications that the loss has decreased or disappeared. A previously recognized impairment is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment was recognized. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the book value of the asset does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. Such reversal is recognized in the income statement.

Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

 

  (ai) Fiduciary activities:

The Bank provides trust and other fiduciary services that result in the holding or investing of assets on behalf of the clients. Assets held in a fiduciary capacity are not reported in the financial statements, as they are not the assets of the Bank.

 

3. New and amended standards and interpretations:

The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year. Amendments resulting from Improvements to IFRSs to the following standards did not have any impact on the accounting policies, financial position or performance of the Bank:

 

   

IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures (amendment) – The amendment provides enhanced disclosures for transferred financial assets that are derecognized in their entirety and transferred assets that are not derecognized in their entirety. The effective date is for annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2011.

 

   

IAS 12 Income Taxes (Amendment) – Deferred Taxes: Recovery of Underlying Assets

 

   

IFRS1 First – Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (Amendment) – Severe Hyperinflation and Removal of Fixed Dates for First-Time Adopter

 

F-37


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Segment Reporting:

For management purposes, we have organized our operations and commercial strategies into four business segments, which are defined in accordance with the type of products and services offered to target customers. These business segments are currently defined as follows:

 

Retail:

   This segment focuses on individuals and small and medium-sized companies with annual sales up to Ch$1,500 million, where the product offering focuses primarily on consumer loans, commercial loans, checking accounts, credit cards, credit lines and mortgage loans.

Wholesale:

   This segment focuses on corporate clients and large companies whose annual revenue exceeds Ch$1,500 million, where the product offering focuses primarily on commercial loans, checking accounts and liquidity management services, debt instruments, foreign trade, derivative contracts and leases.

Treasury and money market operations:

  

This segment focuses on managing the Bank’s balance sheet (including currencies, maturities and interest rates) and liquidity, including financial instrument and currency trading on account of the Bank itself.

 

Transactions on behalf of customers carried out by the Treasury are reflected in the respective aforementioned segments. These products are highly transaction-focused such as foreign exchange transactions, derivatives and financial instruments in general.

Subsidiaries:

   Corresponds to companies controlled by the Bank, whose operations and financial results are managed individually by the respective subsidiary. The companies that comprise this segment are:
  

• Banchile Trade Services Limited

 

• Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.

 

• Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.

 

• Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

 

• Banchile Factoring S.A.

 

• Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

 

• Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

 

• Socofin S.A.

 

• Promarket S.A.

 

F-38


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

The financial information used to measure the performance of the Bank’s business segments is not necessarily comparable with similar information from other financial institutions because it is based on internal reporting policies. The accounting policies used to prepare the Bank’s operating segment information are similar to those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Principles”, except as noted below:

 

   

The net interest margin of loans and deposits is measured on an individual transaction and individual client basis, stemming from the difference between the effective customer rate and the related Bank’s fund transfer price in terms of maturity, re-pricing and currency.

 

   

The results associated with gap management (interest rate and currency mismatches) are allocated to the business segments by considering the amount of loans and demand deposits managed by each segment.

 

   

For purposes of allocation the effect of funding through capital and reserves, the internal performance profitability system considers capital allocation in each segments in accordance with Basel Guidelines.

 

   

In addition to direct costs (consisting mainly of labor and administrative expenses), the Bank allocates all of its indirect operating costs to each business segment by utilizing different cost drivers to allocate such costs to the specific segment.

 

   

The Bank applies local banking regulator accounting principles when measuring and recording its allowance for loan losses, assets received in lieu of payments, minimum dividend allowances and some other minor items for internal reporting purposes. These accounting policies differ in some significant aspects from IFRS.

The Bank obtains the majority of its income from interest, indexations and fees, less the associated credit costs and expenses. Management primarily bases its evaluation of segment performance and decision-making regarding goals and the allocation of resources for each unit on these concepts. Even though the results of the segments reconcile with those of the Bank at the consolidated level, differences may exist in each segments’ results due to the different measurement concepts indicated above.

The Bank did not enter into transactions with any particular customer or third party that collectively generated more than 10% of the Bank’s total income in 2011 and 2012.

The Bank carries out its business operations in Chile.

Transfer pricing between operating segments is conducted on an arm’s length basis in a manner similar to transactions with unaffiliated third parties.

Taxes are managed at the consolidated level and are not allocated to business segments.

 

F-39


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2010  
    Retail
MCh$
    Wholesale
MCh$
    Treasury
MCh$
    Subsidiaries
MCh$
    Subtotal
MCh$
    Reclassifications
and adjustments
to conform IFRS
MCh$
    Note   Total MCh$  

Net interest income

    517,459        218,348        21,997        10,144        767,948        (322       767,626   

Net fees and commissions income

    145,316        40,955        (367     117,561        303,465        (11,203       292,262   

Other operating income

    9,752        21,755        56,093        22,607        110,207        (5,698       104,509   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total operating revenue

    672,527        281,058        77,723        150,312        1,181,620        (17,223   (1)     1,164,397   

Provisions for loan losses

    (133,823     (71,647     —          (3,120     (208,590     50,939      (2)     (157,651

Depreciation and amortization

    (18,625     (6,630     (3,349     (1,940     (30,544     (4,420   (3)     (34,964

Other operating expenses

    (339,197     (95,344     (9,512     (83,320     (527,373     18,110      (4)     (509,263

Income attributable to associates

    1,233        388        —          305        1,926        (317       1,609   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    182,115        107,825        64,862        62,237        417,039        47,089          464,128   

Income taxes

            (38,509     (8,004   (5)     (46,513
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income after income taxes

            378,530        39,085          417,615   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Assets

    7,198,879        7,547,025        2,902,332        845,837        18,494,073        (278,650       18,215,423   

Current and deferred taxes

            88,231        (27,190       61,041   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total assets

            18,582,304        (305,840   (6)     18,276,464   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Liabilities

    5,459,085        7,812,367        3,277,059        629,666        17,178,177        (596,038       16,582,139   

Current and deferred taxes

            —          —            —     
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total liabilities

            17,178,177        (596,038   (7)     16,582,139   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

F-40


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

Reclassifications and adjustments to conform IFRS

 

  (1) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the total operating revenue is MCh$(12,275). The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$(4,948), which mainly stems from the reclassification of allowances for loan losses and amortization of fair value loans from Citibank Chile.

 

  (2) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$50,939, which mainly stem from differing allowances for loan losses.

 

  (3) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(4,420), which stem from the amortization of intangibles and depreciation of property and equipment from Citibank Chile.

 

  (4) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform other operating expenses is MCh$12,838. The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$5,272, which mainly stems from deviating provision for loan losses.

 

  (5) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(8,004), which stem from deferred taxes.

 

  (6) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in assets is MCh$(375,552). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in assets is MCh$69,712, which mainly stems from deviating allowances for loan losses, the acquisition of Citibank Chile and deferred taxes effects.

 

  (7) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in liabilities is MCh$(375,552). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in liabilities is MCh$(220,486), which mainly stems from providing for minimum dividends and differing allowances for loan losses.

 

F-41


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2011  
    Retail
MCh$
    Wholesale
MCh$
    Treasury
MCh$
    Subsidiaries
MCh$
    Subtotal
MCh$
    Reclassifications
and adjustments
to conform IFRS
MCh$
   

Note

  Total
MCh$
 

Net interest income

    589,040        247,471        20,460        4,204        861,175        16,300          877,475   

Net fees and commissions income

    169,296        33,342        (536     116,955        319,057        (10,284       308,773   

Other operating income

    15,478        1,181        11,508        27,511        55,678        19,185          74,863   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total operating revenue

    773,814        281,994        31,432        148,670        1,235,910        25,201      (1)     1,261,111   

Provisions for loan losses

    (111,242     (10,541     (964     (2,093     (124,840     (22,085   (2)     (146,925

Depreciation and amortization

    (21,174     (6,299     (1,718     (1,520     (30,711     (4,420   (3)     (35,131

Other operating expenses

    (377,165     (123,355     (8,486     (86,259     (595,265     16,785      (4)     (578,480

Income attributable to associates

    2,252        710        —          338        3,300        (246       3,054   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    266,485        142,509        20,264        59,136        488,394        15,235          503,629   

Income taxes

            (59,588     (5,854   (5)     (65,442
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income after income taxes

            428,806        9,381          438,187   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Assets

    8,416,826        9,268,380        3,415,922        1,069,135        22,170,263        (474,287       21,695,976   

Current and deferred taxes

            89,974        (29,949       60,025   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total assets

            22,260,237        (504,236   (6)     21,756,001   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Liabilities

    6,468,025        8,983,599        4,214,432        855,006        20,521,062        (805,730       19,715,332   

Current and deferred taxes

            —          —            —     
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total liabilities

            20,521,062        (805,730   (7)     19,715,332   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

F-42


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

Reclassifications and adjustments to conform IFRS

 

  (1) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the total operating revenue is MCh$31,822. The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$(6,621), which mainly stems from the reclassification of allowances for loan losses and amortization of fair value loans from Citibank Chile.

 

  (2) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(22,085), which mainly stem from differing allowances for loan losses.

 

  (3) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(4,420), which stem from the amortization of intangibles and depreciation of property and equipment from Citibank Chile.

 

  (4) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform other operating expenses is MCh$12,128. The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$4,657, which represents reversal of write-offs of assets received in lieu of payments.

 

  (5) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(5,854), which stem from deferred taxes.

 

  (6) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in assets is MCh$(547,005). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in assets is MCh$42,769, which mainly stems from deviating allowances for loan losses, the acquisition of Citibank Chile and deferred taxes effects.

 

  (7) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in liabilities is MCh$(547,005). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in liabilities is MCh$(258,725), which mainly stems from providing for minimum dividends and differing allowances for loan losses.

 

F-43


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2012  
    Retail
MCh$
    Wholesale
MCh$
    Treasury
MCh$
    Subsidiaries
MCh$
    Subtotal
MCh$
    Reclassifications
and adjustments
to conform IFRS
MCh$
   

Note

  Total
MCh$
 

Net interest income

    664,861        252,009        18,356        6,177        941,403        22,734          964,137   

Net fees and commissions income

    178,569        36,130        (512     104,490        318,677        (11,420       307,257   

Other operating income

    16,628        32,865        14,746        31,857        96,096        (23,874       72,222   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total operating revenue

    860,058        321,004        32,590        142,524        1,356,176        (12,560   (1)     1,343,616   

Provisions for loan losses

    (179,524     (6,751     (21     (1,894     (188,190     21,770      (2)     (166,420

Depreciation and amortization

    (20,883     (7,284     (1,204     (1,586     (30,957     (4,189   (3)     (35,146

Other operating expenses

    (405,154     (110,081     (8,960     (92,804     (616,999     17,026      (4)     (599,973

Income attributable to associates

    (288     (228     (18     305        (229     (239       (468
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    254,209        196,660        22,387        46,545        519,801        21,808          541,609   

Income taxes

            (53,950     (9,538   (5)     (63,488
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income after income taxes

            465,851        12,270          478,121   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Assets

    9,666,888        9,325,032        3,746,908        1,123,750        23,862,578        (720,179       23,142,399   

Current and deferred taxes

            99,506        (43,705       55,801   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total assets

            23,962,084        (763,884   (6)     23,198,200   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Liabilities

    7,548,472        8,978,963        4,495,605        908,796        21,931,836        (1,112,287       20,819,549   

Current and deferred taxes

            23,189        —            23,189   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total liabilities

            21,955,025        (1,112,287   (7)     20,842,738   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

F-44


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

Reclassifications and adjustments to conform IFRS

 

  (1) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the total operating revenue is MCh$(14,137). The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$1,577, which mainly stems from the reclassification of allowances for loan losses, amortization of fair value loans from Citibank Chile and embedded derivatives.

 

  (2) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$21,770, which mainly stem from differing allowances for loan losses.

 

  (3) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(4,189), which stem from the amortization of intangibles and depreciation of property and equipment from Citibank Chile.

 

  (4) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform other operating expenses is MCh$14,137. The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$2,889, which represents reversal of write-offs of assets received in lieu of payments.

 

  (5) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(9,538), which stem from deferred taxes.

 

  (6) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in assets is MCh$(731,339). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in assets is MCh$(32,545), which mainly stems from deviating allowances for loan losses, the acquisition of Citibank Chile and deferred taxes effects.

 

  (7) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in liabilities is MCh$(731,339). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in liabilities is MCh$(380,943), which mainly stems from providing for minimum dividends and differing allowances for loan losses.

 

F-45


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Cash and Cash Equivalents:

 

  (a) Details of cash and cash equivalents and its reconciliation to the statement of cash flows at each period are as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Cash and due from banks:

     

Cash

     346,169         400,249   

Current account with the Central Bank

     139,328         67,833   

Deposits in other domestic banks

     106,656         15,295   

Deposits abroad

     288,993         201,548   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal – Cash and due from banks

     881,146         684,925   

Transactions in the course of collection

     218,215         237,393   

Highly liquid financial instruments (shown in other assets)

     31,910         33,042   

Repurchase agreements

     40,478         9,120   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash and cash equivalents

     1,171,749         964,480   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Amounts in cash and Central Bank deposits are regulatory reserve deposits for which the Bank must maintain a certain monthly average.

 

  (b) Transactions in the course of collection

Transactions in the course of collection are transactions for which the only remaining step is settlement, which will increase or decrease the funds in the Central Bank or in foreign banks, normally occurring within 12 to 24 business hours and are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Assets

    

Documents drawn on other banks (clearing)

     185,342        249,019   

Funds receivable

     188,297        61,058   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total transactions in the course of collection

     373,639        310,077   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities

    

Funds payable

     (155,424     (72,684
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total transactions in the course of payment

     (155,424     (72,684
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-46


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

6. Financial Assets Held-for-Trading:

The details of financial instruments classified as held-for-trading are as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank:

     

Central Bank bonds

     66,243         25,585   

Central Bank promissory notes

     4,657         3,068   

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     6,942         43,726   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

     61         22   

Bonds from domestic banks

     585         —     

Deposits in domestic banks

     191,003         87,093   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     370         188   

Instruments issued by foreign institutions

     

Other instruments issued abroad

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     269,861         159,682   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank include instruments sold under agreements to repurchase to customers and financial institutions, null in 2012 (MCh$29,811 in 2011).

“Other instruments issued in Chile” include instruments sold under repurchase agreements with customers and financial instruments amounting to MCh$86,863 as of December 31, 2012 (MCh$152,431 in 2011).

Repurchase agreements have an average expiration of 11 days as of December 31, 2012 (7 days in 2011).

Additionally, the Bank holds financial investments in mortgage finance bonds issued by itself in the amount of MCh$51,154 as of December 31, 2012 (MCh$64,929 in 2011), which are presented as a reduction of the liability line item “Debt issued.”

 

F-47


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

7. Cash collateral on securities and reverse repurchase agreements:

 

  (a) The Bank provides financing to its customers through “Receivables from Repurchase Agreements and Security Borrowing”, in which the financial instrument serves as collateral. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank has the following receivables resulting from such transactions:

 

    Up to 1 month     Over 1 month and
up to 3 month
    Over 3 months and
up to 12 months
    Over 1 year and
up to 3 years
    Over 3 years and
up to 5 years
    Over 5 years     Total  
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Governments and Central Bank

                           

Central Bank bonds

    10,021        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          10,021        —     

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

    —          582        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          582   

Other Instruments Issued in Chile

                           

Other instruments issued in Chile

    30,191        7,756        6,270        855        1,499        25,907        —          —          —          —          —          —          37,960        34,518   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    40,212        8,338        6,270        855        1,499        25,907        —          —          —          —          —          —          47,981        35,100   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-48


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

7. Cash collateral on securities and reverse repurchase agreements, continued:

 

  (b) The Bank obtains financing by selling financial instruments and committing to repurchase them at future dates, plus interest at a prefixed rate. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank has the following payables resulting from such transactions:

 

    Up to 1 month     Over 1 month and up
to 3 month
    Over 3 months and
up to 12 months
    Over 1 year and up
to 3 years
    Over 3 years and up
to 5 years
    Over 5 years     Total  
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Governments and Central Bank

                           

Central Bank bonds

    49,025        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          49,025        —     

Central Bank promissory notes

    1,139        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          1,139        —     

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other Instruments Issued in Chile

                           

Deposit promissory notes from domestic banks

    168,414        219,526        4,553        1,603        71        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          173,038        221,129   

Bonds from domestic banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued abroad

    —          5,267        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          5,267   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    218,578        224,793        4,553        1,603        71        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          223,202        226,396   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (c) Securities given (sales):

The carrying amount of securities lent and of “Payables from Repurchase Agreements and Security Lending” at December 31, 2012 is Ch$266,395 million (Ch$221,528 million in 2011). The counterparty is allowed to sell or repledge those securities in the absence of default by the Bank.

 

  (d) Securities received (purchases):

As part of reverse repurchase and securities borrowing agreements the Bank has received securities that it is allowed to sell or repledge in the absence of default by the owner. At December 31, 2012 the Bank held securities with a fair value of Ch$34,865 million (Ch$47,022 million in 2011) on such terms. The Bank has an obligation to return the securities to its counterparties.

 

F-49


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges:

 

  (a) As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank’s portfolio of derivative instruments is detailed as follows:

 

    As of December 31, 2011
Notional amount of contract with final expiration date in
    Fair value  
    Up to 1
month
MCh$
    Over 1
month and
up to
3 months
MCh$
    Over
3 months
and up to
12 months
MCh$
    Over 1 year
and up to 3
years
MCh$
    Over 3
years and
up to 5
years
MCh$
    Over 5
years
MCh$
    Total Notional
amount contract
MCh$
    Asset
MCh$
    Liability
MCh$
 

Derivatives held for hedging of fair value

                 

Cross currency swap

    —          —          —          13,376        17,260        125,952        156,588        —          11,148   

Interest rate swap

    —          —          —          15,750        25,108        184,784        225,642        —          27,273   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives held for hedging purposes

    —          —          —          29,126        42,368        310,736        382,230        —          38,421   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

                 

Interest rate swap and cross currency swap

    57,128        —          —          55,940        —          —          113,068        —          1,514   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

    57,128        —          —          55,940        —          —          113,068        —          1,514   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives held-for-trading purposes

                 

Currency forward

    3,673,409        2,376,646        4,107,029        328,970        28,080        —          10,514,134        121,133        115,797   

Cross currency swap

    133,883        145,791        1,065,272        1,497,511        685,216        891,617        4,419,290        181,092        174,984   

Interest rate swap

    200,243        506,595        1,473,712        1,620,359        621,418        584,082        5,006,409        77,589        97,992   

Call currency options

    11,072        34,671        46,262        —          —          —          92,005        1,239        1,149   

Put currency options

    468        988        3,119        —          —          —          4,575        2        35   

Others

    —          —          —          —          —          672,384        672,384        —          21   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives held-for-trading purposes

    4,019,075        3,064,691        6,695,394        3,446,840        1,334,714        2,148,083        20,708,797        381,055        389,978   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    4,076,203        3,064,691        6,695,394        3,531,906        1,377,082        2,458,819        21,204,095        381,055        429,913   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-50


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2012
Notional amount of contract with final expiration date in
    Fair value  
    Up to 1
month
MCh$
    Over 1
month and
up to
3 months
MCh$
    Over
3 months
and up to
12 months
MCh$
    Over 1
year and
up to 3
years
MCh$
    Over 3
years and
up to 5
years
MCh$
    Over 5
years
MCh$
    Total Notional  amount
contract

MCh$
    Asset
MCh$
    Liability
MCh$
 

Derivatives held for hedging of fair value

                 

Cross currency swap

    —          —          —          31,388        41,558        74,626        147,572        —          10,332   

Interest rate swap

    —          —          —          27,570        17,790        116,387        161,747        —          21,311   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives held for hedging purposes

    —          —          —          58,958        59,348        191,013        309,319        —          31,643   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

                 

Interest rate swap and cross currency swap

    151,913        —          —          55,382        14,083        78,861        300,239        22        2,055   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

    151,913        —          —          55,382        14,083        78,861        300,239        22        2,055   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives held-for-trading purposes

                 

Currency forward

    4,232,707        2,520,175        3,264,669        191,519        2,458        65        10,211,593        66,752        81,790   

Cross currency swap

    69,220        199,338        1,034,040        1,721,408        719,073        1,026,518        4,769,597        177,403        166,182   

Interest rate swap

    353,133        905,870        3,298,276        3,540,462        1,505,936        1,650,103        11,253,780        81,093        97,870   

Call currency options

    30,306        20,938        46,686        4,795        —          —          102,725        472        395   

Put currency options

    26,009        15,288        25,980        —          —          —          67,277        341        387   

Others

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives held-for-trading purposes

    4,711,375        3,661,609        7,669,651        5,458,184        2,227,467        2,676,686        26,404,972        326,061        346,624   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    4,863,288        3,661,609        7,669,651        5,572,524        2,300,898        2,946,560        27,014,530        326,083        380,322   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-51


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (b) Fair Value Hedges (notional):

The Bank uses cross-currency swaps and interest rate swaps to hedge its exposure to changes in the fair value of the hedged elements attributable to interest rates. The aforementioned hedge instruments change the effective cost of long-term issuances from a fixed interest rate to a variable interest rate, decreasing the duration and modifying the sensitivity to the shortest segments of the curve.

Below is a detail of the hedged elements and hedge instruments under fair value hedges as of December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Notional Amounts

     

Hedged element

     

Commercial loans

     156,588         147,572   

Corporate bonds

     225,642         161,747   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     382,230         309,319   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Hedge instrument

     

Cross currency swap

     156,588         147,572   

Interest rate swap

     225,642         161,747   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     382,230         309,319   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gains for hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in income statement in an amount of MCh$146 (see note 30) in the item “Net financial operating income”.

 

F-52


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges:

 

  (c.1) The Bank uses cross currency swaps to hedge the risk from variability of cash flows attributable to changes in the interest rates of bonds and foreign exchange of bonds issued abroad: in Mexican pesos to rate TIIE (Interbank Interest Rate Balance) plus 0.6 percentage points, in Hong Kong dollars and Peruvian Nuevo sol to fixed rate. The cash flows of the cross currency swaps equal the cash flows of the hedged items, which modify uncertain cash flows to known cash flows derived from a fixed interest rate.

Additionally, these cross currency swap contracts used to hedge the risk from variability of the Unidad de Fomento (“CLF”) in assets flows denominated in CLF until a nominal amount equal to the portion notional of the hedging instrument CLF, whose daily readjustment impacts the item “interest revenue” of the financial statements.

 

  (c.2) Below are the cash flows of bonds issued abroad, the objects of these hedges and the cash flows of the asset part of the derivative:

 

     2011  
     Up to 1
month
MCh$
    Over 1
month and
up to
3 months
MCh$
    Over
3 months
and up to
12 months
MCh$
    Over 1 year
and up to 3
years
MCh$
    Over 3 years
and up to 5
years

MCh$
     Over 5 years
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Hedge item

                

Outflows:

                

Corporate Bond MXN

     (239     (477     (2,385     (62,461     —           —           (65,562

Hedge instruments

                

Inflows:

                

Cross Currency Swap MXN

     239        477        2,385        62,461        —           —           65,562   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash flow

     —          —          —          —          —           —           —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-53


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges, continued:

 

     2012  
     Up to 1 month
MCh$
    Over 1 month
and up to
3 months
MCh$
    Over 3 months
and up to
12 months
MCh$
    Over 1 year
and up to 3
years
MCh$
    Over 3 years
and up to 5
years

MCh$
    Over 5 years
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Hedge item

              

Outflows:

              

Corporate Bond MXN

     (235     (470     (2,348     (58,199     —          —          (61,252

Corporate Bond HKD

     —          —          (3,149     (6,309     (6,332     (110,408     (126,198

Corporate Bond PEN

     —          —          (1,138     (2,276     (16,358     —          (19,772

Hedge instruments

              

Inflows:

              

Cross Currency Swap MXN

     235        470        2,348        58,199        —          —          61,252   

Cross Currency Swap HKD

     —          —          3,149        6,309        6,332        110,408        126,198   

Cross Currency Swap PEN

     —          —          1,138        2,276        16,358        —          19,772   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flow

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-54


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges, continued:

 

  (c.2) Below are the cash flows of the underlying assets portfolio and the cash flow of the liability part of the derivatives:

 

     2011  
     Up to 1
month
MCh$
    Over 1
month and
up to
3 months
MCh$
    Over
3 months and
up to
12 months
MCh$
    Over 1 year
and up to 3
years
MCh$
    Over 3 years
and up to 5
years

MCh$
     Over 5 years
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Hedge item

                

Inflows:

                

Cash flow in CLF

     235        470        2,349        62,048        —           —           65,102   

Hedge instrument

                

Outflows:

                

Cross Currency Swap CLF

     (235     (470     (2,349     (62,048     —           —           (65,102
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash flow

     —          —          —          —          —           —           —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-55


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges, continued:

 

    2012  
    Up to 1
month
MCh$
    Over 1 month and
up to 3 months
MCh$
    Over 3 months and
up to 12 months
MCh$
    Over 1 year and
up to 3 years
MCh$
    Over 3 years and
up to 5 years
MCh$
    Over 5
years
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Hedge ítem

             

Inflows:

             

Cash flow in CLF

    —          —          4,496        66,537        20,317        106,869        198,219   

Instrumento de cobertura

             

Outflows:

             

Cross Currency Swap CLF

    —          —          (1,644     (60,173     —          —          (61,817

Cross Currency Swap CLF

    —          —          (2,411     (5,482     (5,498     (106,869     (120,260

Cross Currency Swap CLF

    —          —          (441     (882     (14,819     —          (16,142
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flow

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

With respect to CLF assets hedged, these are revalued monthly according to the variation of the UF, which is equivalent to monthly reinvestment of the assets until maturity of the relationship hedging.

 

  (c.3) The amount of unrealized gain for the contract that comprises the hedge instruments in this strategy of cash flow hedge for the period 2012 was a credit to equity for an amount of Ch$1,777 million (a charge to equity of Ch$485 million in 2011). The net effect of deferred tax was a credit to equity of Ch$1,429 million in 2012 (a charge to equity of Ch$395 million in 2011)

The accumulated balance for this concept net of deferred tax as of December 31, 2012 corresponds to a credit of equity of Ch$1,034 million (a charge to equity of Ch$395 million in 2011)

 

  (c.4) The net effect in income of derivatives cash flow hedges, that compensate for the income of hedged instruments, was Ch$2,318 million in 2012 (a charge to income of Ch$1,029 million en 2011) (See note 28).

 

F-56


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

9. Loans and Advance to Banks, net:

 

  (a) As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, these amounts are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Domestic Banks

    

Interbank loans

     15,059        14,309   

Other credits with domestic banks

     —          —     

Provisions for loans to domestic banks

     (5     (5
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     15,054        14,304   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Foreign Banks

    

Loans to foreign banks

     190,838        146,980   

Credits with third countries

     15,639        14,509   

Chilean export trade banks

     127,076        67,787   

Provisions for loans to foreign banks

     (1,001     (954
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     332,552        228,322   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Central Bank of Chile

    

Unavailable Central Bank deposits

     300,000        1,100,000   

Other Central Bank credits

     819        696   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     300,819        1,100,696   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     648,425        1,343,322   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (b) Provisions for loans to banks are detailed below:

 

     Bank’s Location        
Detail    Chile
MCh$
     Abroad
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Balance as of January 1, 2010

     —           1,177        1,177   

Charge-offs

     —           —          —     

Provisions established

     —           —          —     

Provisions released

     —           (567     (567
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2010

     —           610        610   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Charge-offs

     —           —          —     

Provisions established

     5         391        396   

Provisions released

     —           —          —     

Impairment

     —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2011

     5         1,001        1,006   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Charge-offs

     —           —          —     

Provisions established

     —           —          —     

Provisions released

     —           (47     (47

Impairment

     —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

     5         954        959   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-57


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

10. Loans to Customers, net:

 

  (a) Loans to Customers:

As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the composition of our portfolio of loans is the following:

 

    As of December 31, 2010  
    Asset before Allowance     Allowances established        
    Normal Porfolio
MCh$
    Impaired Loans
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
    Individual
Provisions
MCh$
    Group Provision
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
    Net Assets
MCh$
 

Commercial loans

             

Commercial loans

    6,597,336        372,038        6,969,374        (80,002     (48,147     (128,149     6,841,225   

Foreign trade loans

    783,422        130,236        913,658        (50,249     (279     (50,528     863,130   

Current account debtors

    109,881        12,225        122,106        (5,342     (1,931     (7,273     114,833   

Factoring transactions

    465,750        11,383        477,133        (5,567     (507     (6,074     471,059   

Commercial lease transactions (1)

    706,707        70,587        777,294        (11,958     (5,723     (17,681     759,613   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    34,385        3,456        37,841        (363     (1,490     (1,853     35,988   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    8,697,481        599,925        9,297,406        (153,481     (58,077     (211,558     9,085,848   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mortgage loans

             

Mortgage bonds (2)

    149,039        15,435        164,474        —          (1,443     (1,443     163,031   

Transferable mortgage loans

    197,745        7,515        205,260        —          (1,106     (1,106     204,154   

Other residential real estate mortgage loans

    2,507,963        48,372        2,556,335        —          (12,700     (12,700     2,543,635   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    116        436        552        —          (25     (25     527   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    2,854,863        71,758        2,926,621        —          (15,274     (15,274     2,911,347   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

             

Consumer loans in installments

    1,389,887        92,169        1,482,056        —          (101,415     (101,415     1,380,641   

Current account debtors

    221,093        9,674        230,767        —          (4,261     (4,261     226,506   

Credit card debtors

    429,266        11,525        440,791        —          (15,485     (15,485     425,306   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    336        18        354        —          (34     (34     320   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    2,040,582        113,386        2,153,968        —          (121,195     (121,195     2,032,773   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    13,592,926        785,069        14,377,995        (153,481     (194,546     (348,027     14,029,968   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) In this item, the Bank finances its customers’ purchases of assets, including real estate and other personal property, through finance lease agreements. As of December 31, 2010, MCh$353,455 corresponds to finance leases for real estate and MCh$423,839 corresponds to finance leases for other assets.
(2) For mortgage bonds that finance residential mortgage loans, the Bank is solely responsible for the payment of that obligation to the mortgage bond holders, regardless of the payment behavior of the residential mortgage borrower. Accordingly, none of our residential mortgage loans serves as a guarantee or collateral for our mortgage bonds.

 

F-58


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

10. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (a) Loans to Customers, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2011  
    Asset before Allowance     Allowances established        
    Normal
Porfolio
MCh$
    Impaired
Portfolio
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
    Individual
Provisions
MCh$
    Group
Provision
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
    Net Assets
MCh$
 

Commercial loans

             

Commercial loans

    7,661,640        210,906        7,872,546        (63,846     (57,420     (121,266     7,751,280   

Foreign trade loans

    1,442,460        66,687        1,509,147        (58,458     (504     (58,962     1,450,185   

Current account debtors

    212,595        1,884        214,479        (2,178     (2,074     (4,252     210,227   

Factoring transactions

    586,576        2,522        589,098        (4,499     (613     (5,112     583,986   

Commercial lease transactions (1)

    973,013        23,553        996,566        (9,275     (7,105     (16,380     980,186   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    27,430        4,177        31,607        (372     (1,905     (2,277     29,330   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    10,903,714        309,729        11,213,443        (138,628     (69,621     (208,249     11,005,194   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mortgage loans

             

Mortgage bonds (2)

    123,797        10,580        134,377        —          (871     (871     133,506   

Transferable mortgage loans

    169,424        5,834        175,258        —          (881     (881     174,377   

Other residential real estate mortgage loans

    3,250,235        47,096        3,297,331        —          (14,151     (14,151     3,283,180   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    64        404        468        —          (1 )     (1     467   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    3,543,520        63,914        3,607,434        —          (15,904     (15,904     3,591,530   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

             

Consumer loans in installments

    1,661,799        101,302        1,763,101        —          (110,190     (110,190     1,652,911   

Current account debtors

    223,871        9,101        232,972        —          (5,806     (5,806     227,166   

Credit card debtors

    553,574        15,716        569,290        —          (22,570     (22,570     546,720   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    251        6        257        —          (22     (22     235   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    2,439,495        126,125        2,565,620        —          (138,588     (138,588     2,427,032   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    16,886,729        499,768        17,386,497        (138,628     (224,113     (362,741     17,023,756   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) In this item, the Bank finances its customers purchases of assets, including real estate and other personal property, through finance lease agreements. As of December 31, 2011, MCh$395,600 corresponds to finance leases for real estate and MCh$600,966 corresponds to finance leases for other assets.
(2) For mortgage bonds that finance residential mortgage loans, the Bank is solely responsible for the payment of that obligation to the mortgage bond holders, regardless of the payment behavior of the residential mortgage borrower. Accordingly, none of our residential mortgage loans serves as a guarantee or collateral for our mortgage bonds.

 

F-59


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

10. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (a) Loans to Customers, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2012  
    Asset before Allowance     Allowances established        
    Normal
Porfolio
MCh$
    Impaired
Portfolio
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
    Individual
Provisions
MCh$
    Group
Provision
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
    Net Assets
MCh$
 

Commercial loans

             

Commercial loans

    8,294,828        256,342        8,551,170        (53,952     (67,746     (121,698     8,429,472   

Foreign trade loans

    1,149,923        91,032        1,240,955        (55,216     (491     (55,707     1,185,248   

Current account debtors

    187,246        2,153        189,399        (2,418     (2,504     (4,922     184,477   

Factoring transactions

    597,266        8,871        606,137        (9,535     (556     (10,091     596,046   

Commercial lease transactions (1)

    1,084,877        28,395        1,113,272        (3,528     (9,136     (12,664     1,100,608   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    35,736        4,911        40,647        (620     (1,974     (2,594     38,053   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    11,349,876        391,704        11,741,580        (125,269     (82,407     (207,676     11,533,904   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mortgage loans

             

Mortgage bonds (2)

    103,241        5,974        109,215        —          (724     (724     108,491   

Transferable mortgage loans

    148,243        2,963        151,206        —          (527     (527     150,679   

Other residential real estate mortgage loans

    3,897,642        40,124        3,937,766        —          (14,829     (14,829     3,922,937   

Loans from ANAP

    27        —          27        —          —          —          27   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    113        340        453        —          —          —          453   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    4,149,266        49,401        4,198,667        —          (16,080     (16,080     4,182,587   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

             

Consumer loans in installments

    1,761,070        145,203        1,906,273        —          (124,886     (124,886     1,781,387   

Current account debtors

    235,122        9,944        245,066        —          (6,950     (6,950     238,116   

Credit card debtors

    654,976        25,010        679,986        —          (31,996     (31,996     647,990   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    183        6        189        —          (215     (215     (26
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    2,651,351        180,163        2,831,514        —          (164,047     (164,047     2,667,467   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    18,150,493        621,268        18,771,761        (125,269     (262,534     (387,803     18,383,958   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) In this item, the Bank finances its customers purchases of assets, including real estate and other personal property, through finance lease agreements. As of December 31, 2012, MCh$451,647 corresponds to finance leases for real estate and MCh$661,625 corresponds to finance leases for other assets.
(2) For mortgage bonds that finance residential mortgage loans, the Bank is solely responsible for the payment of that obligation to the mortgage bond holders, regardless of the payment behavior of the residential mortgage borrower. Accordingly, none of our residential mortgage loans serves as a guarantee or collateral for our mortgage bonds.

 

F-60


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

10. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (b) Allowances for loan losses

Movements in allowances for loan losses during 2010, 2011 and 2012 are as follows:

 

     Allowances        
     Individual
MCh$
    Group
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Balance as of January 1, 2010

     127,954        184,147        312,101   

Charge-offs:

      

Commercial loans

     (13,838     (32,581     (46,419

Mortgage loans

     —          (2,376     (2,376

Consumer loans

     —          (100,298     (100,298
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total charge-offs

     (13,838     (135,255     (149,093

Allowances established

     39,365        145,654        185,019   

Allowances released

     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2010

     153,481        194,546        348,027   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2011

     153,481        194,546        348,027   

Charge-offs:

      

Commercial loans

     (51,498     (30,588     (82,086

Mortgage loans

     —          (2,923     (2,923

Consumer loans

     —          (92,951     (92,951
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total charge-offs

     (51,498     (126,462     (177,960

Allowances established

     51,160        156,029        207,189   

Allowances released

     (14,515     —          (14,515
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2011

     138,628        224,113        362,741   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2012

     138,628        224,113        362,741   

Charge-offs:

      

Commercial loans

     (9,144     (34,020     (43,164

Mortgage loans

     —          (4,253     (4,253

Consumer loans

     —          (135,316     (135,316
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total charge-offs

     (9,144     (173,589     (182,733

Allowances established

     13,668        212,010        225,678   

Allowances released

     (17,883     —          (17,883
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

     125,269        262,534        387,803   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-61


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

10. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (c) During 2011 and 2012, the Bank and its subsidiaries presented the following allowance for loan losses associated with impaired loans and with non-impaired loans:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Individual impaired

     127,717         76,373   

Group impaired

     102,989         134,782   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Allowances for impaired loans (*)

     230,706         211,155   

Provision for not yet identified but incurred impairment

     132,035         176,648   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total allowances for loan losses

     362,741         387,803   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) 

Includes allowances related to individual and group impaired portfolios. Notes 10(a) and 10(b) include total allowance amounts from impaired and non-impaired portfolios

 

  (d) Finance Lease Contracts:

The Bank’s scheduled cash flows to be received from finance leasing contracts have the following maturities:

 

     Total receivable      Unearned income     Net lease receivable (*)  
     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Due within one year

     338,406         394,284         (42,362     (50,643     296,044         343,641   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     257,239         293,525         (31,668     (36,615     225,571         256,910   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     176,620         189,111         (20,847     (23,440     155,773         165,671   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     110,512         112,381         (14,280     (15,766     96,232         96,615   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     68,860         75,451         (10,089     (11,339     58,771         64,112   

Due after 5 years

     183,112         206,025         (22,831     (25,733     160,281         180,292   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,134,749         1,270,777         (142,077     (163,536     992,672         1,107,241   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) 

The net balance receivable does not include past-due portfolio totaling MCh$3,894 and MCh$6,031 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

The leasing contracts are related to real estate, industrial machinery, vehicles and computer equipment. The leasing contracts have an average life of between 3 and 8 years.

 

F-62


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

10. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (e) Loans by industry sector:

The following table details the Bank’s loan portfolio (before allowances for loans losses) as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 by the customer’s industry sector:

 

     Location                              
     Chile      Abroad      Total  
     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
     2011
MCh$
     %      2012
MCh$
     %  

Commercial loans:

                       

Commerce

     2,284,484         2,296,496         2,804         28,173         2,287,288         13.16         2,324,669         12.38   

Financial Services

     1,248,729         1,148,094         772,782         706,477         2,021,511         11.63         1,854,571         9.88   

Transportation

     1,407,358         1,470,358         —           —           1,407,358         8.09         1,470,358         7.83   

Manufacturing

     1,488,819         1,380,994         —           —           1,488,819         8.56         1,380,994         7.36   

Services

     1,084,380         1,310,573         —           —           1,084,380         6.24         1,310,573         6.98   

Construction

     944,842         1,252,546         —           —           944,842         5.43         1,252,546         6.67   

Agriculture and livestock

     912,919         901,300         —           —           912,919         5.25         901,300         4.80   

Mining

     333,776         305,386         65,976         67,051         399,752         2.30         372,437         1.98   

Electricity, gas and water

     315,338         328,763         —           —           315,338         1.81         328,763         1.75   

Fishing

     271,901         233,893         —           —           271,901         1.56         233,893         1.25   

Other

     26,033         226,999         53,302         84,477         79,335         0.46         311,476         1.67   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     10,318,579         10,855,402         894,864         886,178         11,213,443         64.49         11,741,580         62.55   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Residential mortgage loans

     3,607,434         4,198,667         —           —           3,607,434         20.75         4,198,667         22.37   

Consumer loans

     2,565,620         2,831,514         —           —           2,565,620         14.76         2,831,514         15.08   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     16,491,633         17,885,583         894,864         886,178         17,386,497         100.00         18,771,761         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-63


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

11. Financial Assets Available-for-sale:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, investment securities classified as available-for-sale are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank:

     

Bonds issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     158,865         110,569   

Promissory notes issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     58,564         969   

Other instruments

     194,965         140,246   

Other instruments issued in Chile:

     

Equity instruments valued at cost

     2,222         613   

Equity instruments valued at fair value

     —           7,263   

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

     87,966         85,688   

Bonds from domestic banks

     124,203         116,100   

Deposits from domestic banks

     521,881         560,390   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

     48,790         32,281   

Promissory notes issued by other Chilean companies

     5,659         —     

Other instruments

     139,602         129,693   

Instruments issued by foreign institutions:

     

Other instruments issued abroad

     128,403         88,504   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,471,120         1,272,316   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank include instruments with agreements to repurchase sold to clients and financial institutions, totaling MCh$26,288 as of December 31, 2011 (there were no changes for this item as of December 31, 2012). The agreements to repurchase have an average maturity of 12 days as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 respectively.

As of December 31, 2012, the portfolio of financial assets available-for-sale includes a net unrealized loss of MCh$24,829 (a net unrealized loss of MCh$696 in 2011) recorded in other comprehensive income within equity.

The equity investments values at cost represent shares of exchange houses and servicing companies that the Bank is obliged to hold in order to benefit from these services. There is no active market for these shares and their fair value cannot be measured reliably. However, the difference between cost and fair value is not expected to be significant.

During 2011 and 2012, there was no evidence of impairment of financial assets available-for-sale.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank and its subsidiaries do not hold financial assets held-to-maturity.

 

F-64


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

11. Financial Assets Available-for-sale, continued:

 

Realized profits and losses are calculated as the proceeds from sales less the cost (specific identification method) of the investments identified as for sale. In addition, any unrealized profit or loss previously recorded in equity for these investments is reversed when recorded in the income statements.

The gross gains (loss) realized in sale of financial assets available-for-sale, as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, is recorded in the item “Net financial operating income” (Note 30).

Gross profits and losses realized and unrealized on the sale of available for sale investments for the periods ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 are as follows:

 

     2010
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Net gain (loss) on available for sale before income tax (1)

     (363     (9,484     30,127   

Tax (expense) benefit (2)

     (162     1,866        (5,994
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net of tax amount (3)

     (525     (7,618     24,133   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) These amounts do not included realized gain or loss recorded to the period and which are detailed in Note 30 “Net financial operating income”. As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 these amounts are MCh$(10,248), MCh$932 and MCh$(1,749), respectively.
(2) This amount corresponds to the deferred taxes of the unrealized gain or loss and which are included in Note 16(d).
(3) This amount corresponds to the unrealized gain or loss, net of deferred tax and which are included in “Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity”.

 

F-65


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

12. Investments in Other Companies:

 

  (a) This item includes investments in other companies for an amount of MCh$13,196 and MCh$11,674 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively, which is detailed as follows:

 

                                Investment  
        Ownership Interest     Equity     Book Value     Income (Loss)  

Company

 

Shareholder

  2011
%
    2012
%
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2010
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Investments value at equity method:

                   

Servipag Ltda. (1)

  Banco de Chile     50.00        50.00        7,397        6,756        3,698        3,378        376        611        (321

Redbanc S.A.

  Banco de Chile     38.13        38.13        5,480        4,109        2,090        1,567        78        492        (376

Soc. Operadora de Tarjetas de Crédito Nexus S.A.

  Banco de Chile     25.81        25.81        6,412        6,412        1,655        1,655        227        300        556   

Transbank S.A.

  Banco de Chile     26.16        26.16        6,274        6,306        1,641        1,649        292        313        322   

Artikos Chile S.A. (1)

  Banco de Chile     50.00        50.00        1,984        1,129        992        564        222        72        (428

Administrador Financiero del Transantiago S.A.

  Banco de Chile     20.00        20.00        8,714        6,076        1,743        1,215        193        967        (527

Soc. Operadora de la Cámara de Compensación de Pagos de Alto Valor S.A. (2)

  Banco de Chile     14.17        15.00        3,795        4,337        538        651        59        102        112   

Sociedad Interbancaria de Depósitos de Valores S.A.

  Banco de Chile     26.81        26.81        1,573        1,711        422        459        115        92        79   

Centro de Compensación Automatizado S.A.

  Banco de Chile     33.33        33.33        1,252        1,609        417        536        47        105        115   
       

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

          42,881        38,445        13,196        11,674        1,609        3,054        (468
       

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Banco de Chile does not possess more than half of the voting rights and there are no other indicators of control. Therefore, Banco de Chile only possesses significant influence over this company.
(2) Banco de Chile has significant influence in Soc. Operadora de la Cámara de Compensación de Pagos de Alto Valor S.A. because they have the right to designate one director of the board.

 

F-66


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

12. Investments in Other Companies, continued:

 

  (b) The total carrying amount of the Bank’s associates is explained as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Associate’s statement of financial position

     

Current assets

     479,842         421,013   

Non-current assets

     62,753         71,580   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     542,595         492,593   

Current liabilities

     493,287         441,916   

Non-current liabilities

     6,427         12,232   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     499,714         454,148   

Equity

     42,881         38,445   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

     542,595         492,593   

Associate’s revenue and profit

     

Revenue

     21,043         1,339   

Profit

     10,901         1   

Carrying amount of the investment

     13,196         11,674   

 

  (c) The reconciliation between opening and ending balance of investments in other companies that are not consolidated in 2010, 2011 and 2012 is detailed as follows:

 

     2010
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Balance as of January 1,

     10,494        11,072        13,196   

Acquisitions (sales)

     4        —          71   

Participation in net income

     1,609        3,054        (468

Dividends received

     (984     (761     (943

Other

     (51     (169     (182
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31,

     11,072        13,196        11,674   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (d) As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, no impairment has incurred in these investments.

 

F-67


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

13. Intangible Assets:

 

  (a) Changes in intangible assets during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 periods are as follows:

 

     Goodwill  (1)
MCh$
     Intangible
assets arising
from business
combinations(2)
MCh$
    Software or
computer
programs
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Gross Balance

         

Balance as of January 1, 2010

     16,714         56,249        69,117        142,080   

Acquisitions

     —           —          15,326        15,326   

Disposals

     —           —          (15     (15
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2010

     16,714         56,249        84,428        157,391   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisitions

     —           —          9,597        9,597   

Disposals

     —           —          (1,903     (1,903
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2011

     16,714         56,249        92,122        165,085   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisitions

     —           —          9,116        9,116   

Disposals

     —           —          (395     (395
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

     16,714         56,249        100,843        173,806   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated Amortization and Impairment

         

Balance as of January 1, 2010

     —           (12,404     (41,494     (53,898

Amortization for the year

     —           (6,277     (8,753     (15,030

Impairment loss

     —           —          —          —     

Disposals

     —           —          —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2010

     —           (18,681     (50,247     (68,928
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amortization for the year

     —           (6,274     (9,288     (15,562

Impairment loss

     —           —          (296     (296

Disposals

     —           —          727        727   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2011

     —           (24,955     (59,104     (84,059
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amortization for the year

     —           (5,071     (9,461     (14,532

Impairment loss

     —           —          —          —     

Disposals

     —           —          395        395   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

     —           (30,026     (68,170     (98,196
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2010

     16,714         37,568        34,181        88,463   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2011

     16,714         31,294        33,018        81,026   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2012

     16,714         26,223        32,673        75,610   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Goodwill corresponds mainly to business combination with Citibank Chile whose amount is of MCh$12,595 that represents the value of synergies to be generated in the combination process and the acquisition of know-how.
(2) Intangible assets arising from business combinations include assets with indefinite useful lives acquired in the business combination with Citibank Chile (Brands).

 

F-68


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

13. Intangible Assets, continued:

 

  (b) Impairment testing of Goodwill

For goodwill impairment purposes, testing is carried out at the level of business segments described above and in Note 4 to financial statements. This methodology is in line with IAS 36, where business segments represent the lowest level within the entity at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.

Accordingly, for impairment testing purposes, goodwill acquired through business combinations has been allocated to four individual business segments, as follows:

 

Business Segments

   2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Retail

     5,928         5,928   

Wholesale

     2,135         2,135   

Treasury and money market operations

     4,512         4,512   

Subsidiaries

     4,139         4,139   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     16,714         16,714   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Below are the key assumptions used for determining the value in use for impairment testing purposes:

 

   

The Bank determines the recoverable amount of its business segments on the basis of value in use and employs a discounted cash flows (“DCF”) valuation model. The DCF model reflects the characteristics of the banking business, competition and the regulatory environment. The model determines the present value of the estimated future earnings that are distributed to shareholders, once the respective regulatory capital requirements are met.

 

   

For purposes of the goodwill impairment testing the DCF model uses earnings projections for a ten-year period that are discounted to their present value. Estimating future earnings requires judgment based on past and current performance as well as expected developments in related markets and in main macro-economic variables. Earnings projections beyond the ten-year period are captured by the terminal value. Real growth rates are considered to be slightly higher than the industry rates within the ten-year period, assuming that a market share of 20% is achieved at year ten. Regarding discount rates, the DCF model used for business segments valuation considered discount rates of 10%, 11% and 12% as of December 31, 2012.

 

   

The value in use of every business segment is sensitive to earnings projections, discount rates and, into a much lesser extent, the long-term growth rate. Discount rates have been determined based on the capital asset pricing model. Variations in market factors may affect the discount rates calculation.

Based on the above, as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank did not determine that there was any impairment of goodwill.

 

F-69


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

13. Intangible Assets, continued:

 

  (c) As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank has made the following commitments to purchase intangible assets, which have not been capitalized:

 

     Amount of Commitment  
     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Software and licences

     6,639         6,681   

 

F-70


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

14. Property and Equipment:

 

  (a) As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, this account and its changes are detailed as follows:

 

     Land  and
Buildings

MCh$
    Equipment
MCh$
    Other
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

(a.1) Cost

        

Balance as of January 1, 2011

     173,732        119,726        128,520        421,978   

Additions

     3,481        8,797        9,795        22,073   

Disposals/write-downs

     (947     (3,893     (846     (5,686

Transfers

     —          5        (5     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation (see (a.2))

     (32,329     (103,013     (94,800     (230,142

Impairment loss

     —          (3     (332     (335
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2011

     143,937        21,619        42,332        207,888   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2012

     176,266        124,632        137,132        438,030   

Additions

     337        7,750        9,894        17,981   

Disposals/write-downs

     (451     (1,512     (2,232     (4,195

Transfers

     —          —          —          —     

Accumulated depreciation (see (a.2))

     (34,798     (109,930     (101,723     (246,451

Impairment loss

     —          (31     (164     (195

Reclassifications

     —          —          19        19   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

     141,354        20,909        42,926        205,189   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(a.2) Accumulated Depreciation

        

Balance as of January 1, 2011

     (32,123     (98,464     (87,039     (217,626

Depreciation charges in the period

     (1,986     (8,439     (8,764     (19,189

Sales and disposals in the period

     1,780        3,890        1,003        6,673   

Transfers

     —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2011

     (32,329     (103,013     (94,800     (230,142
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reclassifications

     —          —          (19     (19

Depreciation charges in the period

     (2,920     (8,429     (8,884     (20,233

Sales and disposals in the period

     451        1,512        1,980        3,943   

Transfers

     —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2012

     (34,798     (109,930     (101,723     (246,451
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-71


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

14. Property and Equipment, continued:

 

  (b) As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank has operating lease agreements, in which it acts as lessee, that cannot be terminated unilaterally; Information on the future payments is detailed as follows:

 

   

Expenses for

the year

    Up to 1 month     Over 1 month
and up to
3 months
    Over 3 months
and up to
12 months
   

Over 1 year

and up to 3

years

   

Over 3 years

and up to 5

years

    Over 5 years     Total  
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Lease agreements

    25,924        28,036        2,054        2,274        4,017        4,561        16,964        19,219        32,143        37,094        25,505        27,066        54,931        49,523        135,614        139,737   

As these lease agreements are operating leases under IAS 17 the leased assets are not presented in the Bank’s statement of financial position.

The Bank has entered into commercial leases of real estate. These leases have an average life of 10 years. There are no restrictions placed upon the lessee by entering into the lease.

 

  (c) As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank does not have any finance lease agreements as lessee and, therefore, there are no property and equipment balances to be reported from such transactions as of December 31, 2011 and 2012.

 

F-72


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

15. Investment Properties:

 

     2010
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Net Balance as of January 1,

     17,840        17,459        17,079   

Additions resulting from business combinations

     —          —          —     

Disposals

     —          —          —     

Depreciation charges in the period

     (381     (380     (381

Impairment

     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Balance as of December 31,

     17,459        17,079        16,698   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Estimated useful lives applied by the Bank are presented in Note 2(o) on Property and equipment.

As of December 31, 2012, the fair value of the investment properties held by the Bank is MCh$57,193 million (MCh$57,193 million as of December 31, 2011).

In 2012, the Bank earned income of MCh$5,198 million (Ch$5,034 million in 2011) renting out their investment properties. In the same period the Bank incurred corresponding expenses of MCh$2,559 and MCh$2,427 per year in 2011 and 2012.

 

16. Current Taxes and Deferred Taxes:

 

  (a) Current Tax:

As of each year end, the Bank and its subsidiaries have established a First Category Income Tax Provision of MCh$3,095 and MCh$23,189 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, determined in accordance with current tax laws. The net tax to be paid or recovered is detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Income taxes, 20% rate

     64,590        61,876   

Tax from previous periods

     —          —     

Tax on non-deductible expenses (tax rate 35%)

     1,701        3,860   

Less:

    

Monthly prepaid taxes (PPM)

     (62,225     (41,960

Credit for training expenses

     (742     (1,545

Other

     (229     958   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total (1)

     3,095        23,189   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Negative amount represent a tax recovery and a positive amount represent a tax payable.

 

F-73


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

16. Current Taxes and Deferred Taxes, continued:

 

  (b) Income Tax:

The Bank’s tax expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 is detailed as follows:

 

     2010
MCh$
    2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Income tax expense:

      

Current year taxes

     (54,112     (64,590     (61,876

Tax from previous periods

     1,723        1,203        1,147   

Subtotal

     (52,389     (63,387     (60,729

Credit (charge) for deferred taxes:

      

Origin and reversal of temporary differences

     5,443        5,433        (7,034

Effect of changes in tax rate

     2,263        (5,042     9,029   

Change in unrecognized temporary differences

     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     7,706        391        (1,995
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non deductible expenses (Art. 21 Income Tax Law)

     (1,835     (1,701     (3,860

Other

     5        (745     (894
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net charge to income for income taxes

     (46,513     (65,442     (63,488
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Tax rate

     17.00     20.00     20.00

 

  (c) Reconciliation of effective tax rate:

The following table reconciles the income tax rate to the effective rate applied to determine the Bank’s income tax expense as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     2011     2011     2012  
     Tax rate
%
    MCh$     Tax rate
%
    MCh$     Tax rate
%
    MCh$  

Income tax calculated on net income before tax

     17.00        78,902        20.00        100,726        20.00        108,322   

Additions or deductions1

     (5.73     (26,602     (7.33     (36,929     (6.75     (37,056

Non-deductible expenses tax

     0.40        1,835        0.34        1,701        0.70        3,860   

Tax from previous years

     (0.37     (1,723     (0.24     (1,203     (0.21     (1,147

Effect of changes in tax rate (*)

     (0.49     (2,263     1.00        5,042        (1.64     (9,029

Lease deferred tax adjustment

     —          —          —          —          0.54        2,942   

Other(1)

     (0.78     (3,636     (0.77     (3,895     (0.80     (4,404
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective rate and income tax expense

     10.03        46,513        13.00        65,442        11.84        63,488   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) According to the Law No. 20,630 issued on September 27th, 2012 the tax rates for the first category are permanently changed to 20.00%.

 

1 

The deductions of the tax rate for 2010, 2011 and 2012 mainly relate to specific adjustments from tax-exempt distribution of income to SAOS of 34.64% in 2010, 32.89% in 2011 and 31.81% in 2012 of the Bank’s profits as well as adjustments relating to its subsidiaries.

 

F-74


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

16. Current Taxes and Deferred Taxes, continued:

 

  (d) Effect of deferred taxes on income and equity:

During 2011, the Bank has recorded the effects of deferred taxes in accordance with IAS 12.

The effects of deferred taxes on assets, liabilities and income accounts are detailed as follows:

 

    Balance as of
December 31,
2009

MCh$
    Effect     Unrecognized
temporary
differences

MCh$
    Balance as of
December 31,
2010

MCh$
    Effect     Balance as of
December 31,
2011

MCh$
    Effect     Unrecognized
temporary
differences

MCh$
    Balance as of
December 31,
2012

MCh$
 
      Income
MCh$
    Equity
MCh$
        Income
MCh$
    Equity
MCh$
      Income
MCh$
    Equity
MCh$
     
                         

Debit Differences:

                       

Allowances for loan losses

    56,568        6,735        —          —          63,303        (2,565     —          60,738        14,581        —          —          75,319   

Obligations with agreements to repurchase

    (1,093     853        —          —          (240     997        —          757        (1,736     —          —          (979

Leasing equipment

    5,976        2,918        —          —          8,894        3,426        —          12,320        (16,038     —          —          (3,718

Personnel provisions

    3,289        1,392        —          —          4,681        532        —          5,213        1,162        —          —          6,375   

Staff vacations

    2,851        745        —          —          3,596        41        —          3,637        421        —          —          4,058   

Accrued interests and indexation adjustments from past due loans

    1,117        349        —          —          1,466        107        —          1,573        550        —          —          2,123   

Staff severance indemnities provisions

    1,069        49        —          —          1,118        61        —          1,179        665        —          —          1,844   

Other adjustments

    2,326        6,726        —          53        9,105        (4,447     —          4,658        2,594        —          119        7,371   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total debit differences

    72,103        19,767        —          53        91,923        (1,848     —          90,075        2,199        —          119        92,393   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Credit Differences:

                       

Investments with agreements to repurchase

    —          872        —          —          872        1,239        —          2,111        (1,986     —          —          125   

Depreciation of property and equipment and investment properties

    16,220        (590     —          —          15,630        (1,434     —          14,196        1,227        —          —          15,423   

Deferred taxes, modification of accounting method in equity

    456        (456     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Adjustment for valuation financial assets available-for-sale

    1,331        —          162        —          1,493        —          (1,866     (373     —          5,994        —          5,621   

Hedged cash adjustment

    —          —          —          —          —          —          (90     (90     —          349        —          259   

Transitory assets

    1,835        (166     —          —          1,669        1,011        —          2,680        924        —          —          3,604   

Derivative instruments adjustments

    (11,266     12,585        —          —          1,319        (1,614     —          (295     (1,505     —          —          (1,800

Assets received in lieu of payments

    506        697        —          —          1,203        (495     —          708        578        —          —          1,286   

Accrued interest effective rate

    —          —          —          —          —          1,058        —          1,058        (17     —          —          1,041   

Intangible assets amortization

    7,433        (917     —          —          6,516        71        —          6,587        (961     —          —          5,626   

Other adjustments

    5,855        36        —          (348     5,543        (2,075     —          3,468        1,944        —          (5     5,407   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total credit differences

    22,370        12,061        162        (348     34,245        (2,239     (1,956     30,050        204        6,343        (5     36,592   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets, net

    49,733        7,706        (162     401        57,678        391        1,956        60,025        1,995        (6,343     124        55,801   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-75


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

17. Other Assets:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, other assets are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Documents intermediated (*)

     77,613        89,800   

Assets held for leasing (**)

     74,185        74,986   

Mutual funds

     31,910        33,042   

Cash deposit guarantee

     35,051        25,984   

Other accounts and notes receivable

     9,851        20,001   

Assets received or awarded as payment:

    

Assets received in lieu of payment

     15,554        16,391   

Provisions for assets received in lieu of payment

     (1,118     (40

Transactions in progress (***)

     1,340        8,676   

Commissions receivable

     4,193        6,392   

Recoverable income taxes

     5,373        6,280   

Prepaid expenses

     5,445        4,156   

Rental guarantees

     1,344        1,386   

Recovered leased assets for sale

     203        777   

Accounts receivable for sale of assets received in lieu of payment

     530        423   

Pending transactions (****)

     3,532        114   

Other

     14,798        29,397   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     279,804        317,765   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) Documents intermediated refers to securities lending agreements managed by the Bank’s subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.
(**) These correspond to property and equipment to be given under a finance lease.
(***) Transactions in progress includes transactions in the normal course of operations of the Bank, which for different reasons could not be input into their final accounts (salary advances for personnel, pending transactions cash, etc.)
(****) Pending transactions refers to current account balances between Bank branches and the head office or among Bank branches.

 

F-76


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

18. Current Accounts and Other Demand Deposits:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, current accounts and other demand deposits are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Current accounts

     3,968,504         4,495,134   

Other demand deposits

     616,395         599,320   

Other demand deposits and accounts

     310,527         376,517   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     4,895,426         5,470,971   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

19. Saving Accounts and Time Deposits:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, saving accounts and time deposits are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Time deposits

     9,081,335         9,370,063   

Term saving accounts

     177,900         179,465   

Other term balances payable

     23,089         63,422   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     9,282,324         9,612,950   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-77


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

20. Borrowings from Financial Institutions:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, borrowings from financial institutions are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Domestic banks

     

Interbank loans

     —           —     

Current account overdrafts

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign banks

     

Foreign trade financing

     

Chilean export financing

     1,444,826         882,920   

Chilean import financing

     23,970         28,906   

Borrowings and other obligations

     

Short-term borrowings

     —           —     

Current account overdrafts

     4,252         28,328   

Long-term borrowings

     195,036         168,509   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,668,084         1,108,663   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Chilean Central Bank

     

Borrowings and other obligations

     —           —     

Debt reprogramming credit lines

     22,855         18   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     22,855         18   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,690,939         1,108,681   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-78


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

21. Debt Issued:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, Debt issued is detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Mortgage bonds

     152,098         115,196   

Bonds

     1,488,369         2,412,233   

Subordinated bonds

     747,874         746,504   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     2,388,341         3,273,933   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-79


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

21. Debt Issued, continued:

 

During the period ended as of December 31, 2012, Banco de Chile issued bonds in an amount of MCh$1,233,985, including Unsubordinated bonds, commercial papers and Subordinated bonds in amounts of MCh$691,380, MCh$516,428 and MCh$26,177, respectively, according to the following details:

Bonds

 

Series

   MCh$      Term    Interest
rate
     Currency    Issue date    Maturity
date

BCHIUO0911

     89,896       10 years      3.40       UF    02/15/2012    02/15/2022

BCHIUD0510

     14,109       6 years      2.20       UF    02/16/2012    02/16/2018

BCHIUI0611

     1,338       7 years      3.20       UF    03/05/2012    03/05/2019

BCHIUI0611

     3,352       7 years      3.20       UF    03/07/2012    03/07/2019

BCHIUI0611

     1,116       7 years      3.20       UF    03/23/2012    03/23/2019

BCHIUP1211

     88,345       10 years      3.40       UF    04/04/2012    04/04/2022

BCHIUI0611

     2,236       7 years      3.20       UF    04/17/2012    04/17/2019

BCHIUQ1011

     27,343       11 years      3.40       UF    05/08/2012    05/08/2023

BCHIUQ1011

     48,568       11 years      3.40       UF    05/11/2012    05/11/2023

BCHIUQ1011

     12,449       11 years      3.40       UF    06/04/2012    06/04/2023

BCHIUS0212

     46,428       11 years      3.40       UF    06/04/2012    06/04/2023

BCHIUS0212

     20,552       11 years      3.40       UF    06/07/2012    06/07/2023

BCHIUT0112

     66,850       12 years      3.40       UF    06/12/2012    06/12/2024

BCHIUR1011

     33,295       12 years      3.40       UF    06/20/2012    06/20/2024

BCHIUR1011

     4,450       12 years      3.40       UF    07/30/2012    07/30/2024

BCHIUR1011

     13,469       12 years      3.40       UF    09/14/2012    09/14/2024

BCHIUR1011

     1,799       12 years      3.40       UF    09/24/2012    09/24/2024

BCHIUR1011

     5,284       12 years      3.40       UF    09/25/2012    09/25/2024

BCHIUJ0811

     1,334       8 years      3.20       UF    05/10/2012    05/10/2020

BCHIUJ0811

     33,456       8 years      3.20       UF    10/10/2012    10/10/2020

BCHIUV1211

     67,842       13 years      3.50       UF    10/10/2012    10/10/2025

BCHIUJ0811

     1,566       8 years      3.20       UF    10/19/2012    10/19/2020

BCHIUJ0811

     2,241       8 years      3.20       UF    10/22/2012    10/22/2020

BCHIAC1011

     11,118       15 years      3.50       UF    10/22/2012    10/22/2027

BONO HKD (*)

     24,487       15 years      4.00       HKD    09/05/2012    09/05/2027

BONO HKD (*)

     54,374       15 years      4.00       HKD    11/07/2012    09/09/2027

BONO PEN (**)

     14,083       5 years      4.04       PEN    10/30/2012    10/30/2017
  

 

 

                

Total as of December 31, 2012

     691,380                  
  

 

 

                

 

(*) On August 9, 2012, the Bank approved in Board Meeting No. 2,759 a bond issue program in Hong Kong, in accordance with Regulation S of the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) for an amount of US$60,000,000 to be placed in international markets, of which on September 5, 2012 an amount of 400,000,000 Hong Kong dollars was issued and placed.

On October 25, 2012, the Bank approved in Board Meeting No. 2,764 a complementary program of bonds in accordance with Regulation S of the SEC for an amount of US$130,000,000 to be placed in international markets, of which on November 7, 2012 an amount of 875,000,000 Hong Kong dollars was issued and placed.

 

(**) On October 11, 2012, the Bank approved in Board Meeting No. 2,763 a program issue of bonds in accordance with Regulation S of the SEC for up to US$100,000,000, of which PEN 75,000,000, or US$28,000,000, was issued and placed on October 30, 2012.

 

F-80


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

21. Debt Issued, continued:

 

On May 4, 2012, the Bank began issuing bonds denominated “Commercial Paper”, which are financial instruments of Money Market that the Bank will issue in the U.S. market to different maturities, but these terms will be not greater than 365 days. The total issuance was MCh$516,428, accordingly with the following detail:

 

Counterparty

   MCh$      Interest rate    Currency    Issue date    Maturity date

Citibank

     120       0.67    USD    05/04/2012    05/07/2012

Citibank

     120       0.67    USD    05/04/2012    05/07/2012

Citibank

     19,179       0.67    USD    05/07/2012    08/06/2012

Citibank

     14,384       0.67    USD    05/08/2012    08/06/2012

Goldman Sachs

     23,974       0.67    USD    05/08/2012    08/08/2012

Marryl Lynch

     14,384       0.67    USD    05/08/2012    08/06/2012

Marryl Lynch

     9,589       0.67    USD    05/08/2012    08/06/2012

Marryl Lynch

     4,795       0.67    USD    05/08/2012    08/06/2012

Marryl Lynch

     9,589       0.75    USD    05/24/2012    09/06/2012

Goldman Sachs

     19,179       0.67    USD    05/25/2012    08/23/2012

Merryl Lynch

     9,589       0.68    USD    05/30/2012    08/28/2012

JP morgan

     23,974       0.68    USD    05/30/2012    08/28/2012

Merryl Lynch

     8,630       0.66    USD    06/28/2012    09/25/2012

Wells Fargo

     8,630       0.66    USD    06/28/2012    09/25/2012

Citibank

     8,630       0.66    USD    06/28/2012    09/25/2012

JP morgan

     8,630       0.66    USD    06/28/2012    09/25/2012

Goldman Sachs

     8,630       0.66    USD    06/28/2012    09/25/2012

Wells Fargo

     7,192       1.27    USD    07/17/2012    07/11/2013

Wells Fargo

     9,589       0.57    USD    08/06/2012    10/31/2012

Merryl Lynch

     9,589       0.57    USD    08/06/2012    10/31/2012

Citibank

     9,589       0.57    USD    08/06/2012    10/31/2012

Citibank

     9,589       0.62    USD    08/06/2012    11/27/2012

JPMorgan

     9,589       0.57    USD    08/06/2012    10/31/2012

Morgan Stanley

     9,589       0.57    USD    08/06/2012    10/31/2012

Wells Fargo

     21,576       0.59    USD    08/13/2012    11/27/2012

Wells Fargo

     2,397       0.55    USD    09/26/2012    03/15/2013

Citibank

     16,781       0.41    USD    09/27/2012    01/15/2013

Citibank

     7,624       0.37    USD    10/05/2012    01/15/2013

Merryl Lynch

     14,384       0.33    USD    10/24/2012    01/22/2013

Citibank

     4,795       0.78    USD    10/25/2012    07/25/2013

JP morgan

     9,589       0.27    USD    10/26/2012    12/13/2012

Merryl Lynch

     9,589       0.27    USD    10/26/2012    12/13/2012

Wells Fargo

     9,589       0.27    USD    10/26/2012    12/13/2012

Wells Fargo

     9,589       0.27    USD    10/26/2012    12/13/2012

Goldman Sachs

     9,589       0.27    USD    10/26/2012    12/13/2012

Citibank

     9,589       0.40    USD    10/31/2012    02/14/2013

Goldman Sachs

     9,589       0.40    USD    10/31/2012    02/14/2013

JP morgan

     9,589       0.40    USD    10/31/2012    02/14/2013

Citibank

     2,328       0.25    USD    11/14/2012    01/14/2013

Wells Fargo

     23,974       0.35    USD    11/15/2012    02/14/2013

Goldman Sachs

     4,795       0.35    USD    11/26/2012    02/25/2013

 

F-81


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

21. Debt Issued, continued:

 

Counterparty    MCh$      Interest rate    Currency    Issue date    Maturity date

Merryl Lynch

     9,589       0.38    USD    11/27/2012    03/07/2013

Citibank

     2,397       0.38    USD    11/27/2012    03/07/2013

Citibank

     24,609       0.35    USD    12/03/2012    02/25/2013

Wells Fargo

     2,397       0.86    USD    12/03/2012    11/25/2013

Goldman Sachs

     28,777       0.42    USD    12/13/2012    03/15/2013

Citibank

     9,350       0.40    USD    12/13/2012    03/15/2013

Wells Fargo

     2,397       0.51    USD    12/17/2012    06/13/2013

Wells Fargo

     2,397       0.60    USD    12/19/2012    08/29/2013

Citibank

     2,397       0.20    USD    12/21/2012    02/20/2013
  

 

 

             

Total as of December 31, 2012

     516,428               

Subordinated Bonds

 

Series

   MCh$      Term    Interest
rate
   Currency    Issue date    Maturity
date

UCHI-G1111

     13,191       25 years    3.75    UF    07/30/2012    07/30/2037

UCHI-G1111

     1,099       25 years    3.75    UF    07/31/2012    07/31/2037

UCHI-G1111

     1,782       25 years    3.75    UF    08/31/2012    08/31/2037

UCHI-G1111

     10,105       25 years    3.75    UF    12/28/2012    12/28/2037
  

 

 

                

Total

     26,177                  
  

 

 

                

 

F-82


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

21. Debt Issued, continued:

 

During the year ended December 31, 2011, Banco de Chile issued bonds by an amount of Ch$749,586 million, of which correspond to unsubordinated bond.

Bonds

 

Series

   MCh$     

Term

   Interest
rate
    

Currency

   Issue date    Maturity
date

BCHIUE0510

     82,639       6 years      2.20       UF    05/20/2011    05/20/2017

BCHIUG0610

     81,802       11 years      2.70       UF    05/27/2011    05/27/2022

BCHIUC0510

     37,866       5 years      2.20       UF    07/07/2011    07/07/2016

BCHIUF0610

     36,608       10 years      2.70       UF    07/07/2011    07/07/2021

BCHIUI0611

     42,944       7 years      3.20       UF    07/12/2011    07/12/2018

BCHIUI0611

     34,096       7 years      3.20       UF    07/20/2011    07/20/2018

BCHIUK0611

     52,866       11 years      3.50       UF    07/28/2011    07/28/2022

BCHIUD0510

     46,014       6 years      2.20       UF    07/28/2011    07/28/2017

BCHIUK0611

     33,451       11 years      3.50       UF    07/29/2011    07/29/2022

BCHIUI0611

     432       7 years      3.20       UF    08/02/2011    08/02/2018

BCHIUI0611

     756       7 years      3.20       UF    08/03/2011    08/03/2018

BCHIUJ0811

     48,045       8 years      3.20       UF    09/12/2011    09/12/2019

BCHI-B1208

     84,912       7 years      2.20       UF    09/12/2011    09/12/2018

BCHIUD0510

     12,790       6 years      2.20       UF    09/22/2011    09/22/2017

BCHIUH0611

     21,668       6 years      3.00       UF    09/29/2011    09/29/2017

BCHIUI0611

     65,014       7 years      3.20       UF    09/30/2011    09/30/2018

BCHIUD0510

     10,675       6 years      2.20       UF    09/30/2011    09/30/2017

BCHIUD0510

     1,068       6 years      2.20       UF    10/13/2011    10/13/2017

BNCHIL (*)

     55,940       3 years      5.41       MXN    12/08/2011    12/04/2014
  

 

 

                

Total

     749,586                  
  

 

 

                

 

(*) At the Ordinary Meeting No. BCH 2,738 held on August 11, 2011, the minutes of which were recorded in a public deed drawn up at the office of the Public Notary Mr. René Benavente Cash on August 19, 2011, authorized a program to place certificates in Mexico in an amount of MXN10,000,000,000, of which an amount of MXN1,500,000,000 were issued and placed on December 8, 2011.

The Bank has not had breaches of capital and interest with respect to its debts instruments during year 2011 and 2012.

 

F-83


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

22. Other Financial Obligations:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, other financial institutions are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Public sector obligations

     61,734         106,537   

Other Chilean obligations

     123,051         55,586   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     184,785         162,123   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-84


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

23. Provisions:

 

  (a) As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, provisions are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Provision for minimum dividends

     128,642         139,755   

Other provisions for contingencies

     2,702         2,084   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     131,344         141,839   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b) The following table details the changes in provisions during 2011 and 2012:

 

     Minimum
dividends
MCh$
    Other
contingencies
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Balances as of January 1, 2010

     78,524        10,083        88,607   

Provisions established

     113,559        690        114,249   

Provisions used

     (78,524     (9,647     (88,171

Provisions released

     —          —          —     

Other movements

     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2010

     113,559        1,126        114,685   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of January 1, 2011

     113,559        1,126        114,685   

Provisions established

     128,642        1,966        130,608   

Provisions used

     (113,559     (215     (113,774

Provisions released

     —          (175     (175

Other movements

     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2011

     128,642        2,702        131,344   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of January 1, 2012

     128,642        2,702        131,344   

Provisions established

     139,755        229        139,984   

Provisions used

     (128,642     (223     (128,865

Provisions released

     —          (624     (624

Other movements

     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2012

     139,755        2,084        141,839   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-85


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

24. Employee Benefits:

 

  (a) Provisions for personnel benefits and payroll:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Short-term personnel benefits ((c))

     28,827         29,649   

Vacation accrual ((d))

     20,361         20,842   

Pension plan – defined benefit plan ((b))

     8,511         10,633   

Other benefits

     2,935         3,421   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     60,634         64,545   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b) Pension plan – Defined benefit plan:

 

     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Current service cost

     886        808   

Interest cost on benefit obligation

     482        468   

Actuarial gains and losses

     (536     1,732   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net benefit expense

     832        3,008   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The net benefit expense is recognized under “Personnel Expenses” (Note 33).

The principal assumptions used in determining pension obligations for the Bank’s plan are shown below:

 

     December 31,
2011
%
     December 31,
2012
%
 

Discount rate

     6.04         5.50   

Annual salary increase

     2.00         5.08   

Payment probability

     93.00         99.99   

The most recent actuarial valuation of the present value of the benefit plan obligation was carried out at December 31, 2012.

 

F-86


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

24. Employee Benefits, continued

 

  (b) Pension plan – Defined benefit plan, continued:

 

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation are as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Opening defined benefit obligation, January 1,

     7,980        8,511   

Contributions by the employer

     886        808   

Benefits paid

     (281     (864

Prepayments

     (20     (22

Actuarial gains and losses

     (54     2,200   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Closing defined benefit obligation

     8,511        10,633   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (c) The following table details the changes in provisions for incentive plans during 2011 and 2012:

 

     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Balances as of January 1,

     25,920        28,827   

Provisions established

     30,655        28,406   

Provisions used

     (27,724     (27,584

Provisions released

     (24     —     

Other movements

     —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31,

     28,827        29,649   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (d) The following table details the changes in provisions for vacation during 2011 and 2012:

 

     2011
MCh$
    2012
MCh$
 

Balances as of January 1,

     18,774        20,361   

Provisions established

     5,821        5,655   

Provisions used

     (4,187     (4,363

Provisions released

     (47     (811
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31,

     20,361        20,842   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-87


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

24. Employee Benefits, continued

 

  (e) Provisions for share-based employee benefits:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank and its subsidiaries do not have a stock compensation plan.

 

25. Other Liabilities:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, other liabilities are detailed as follows:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Documents intermediated

     134,820         132,651   

Accounts and notes payable (*)

     79,031         111,358   

Financial guarantees

     13,699         13,333   

VAT payable

     2,908         2,397   

Leasing deferred gains

     7,039         5,900   

Deferred income

     5,379         5,357   

Insurance payments

     1,158         5,080   

Pending transactions

     1,941         135   

Other

     23,930         28,894   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     269,905         305,105   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) This item includes obligations that fall outside the Bank’s line of business such as withholding taxes, social security payments, insurance payable, and balances from material purchases and provisions for expenses pending payment.

 

F-88


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

26. Contingencies and Commitments:

 

  (a) Commitments accounted for in off-balance-sheet accounts:

In order to satisfy its customers’ needs, the Bank entered into several irrevocable commitments and contingent obligations. Although these obligations are not recognized in the Statement of Financial Position, they entail credit risks and, therefore, form part of the Bank’s overall risk.

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Off-balance-sheet accounts

     

Guarantees and surety bonds

     216,249         323,924   

Confirmed foreign letters of credit

     137,253         85,272   

Issued foreign letters of credit

     131,567         138,714   

Bank guarantees

     1,235,031         1,437,312   

Immediately available credit lines

     4,881,220         5,481,235   

Other commitments

     164,361         122,997   

Transactions on behalf of third parties

     

Collections

     582,090         386,006   

Third-party resources managed by the Bank:

     

Financial assets managed on behalf of third parties

     2,766         12,144   

Other assets managed on behalf of third parties

     —           —     

Financial assets acquired on its own behalf

     62,701         22,802   

Fiduciary activities

     

Securities held in safe custody in the Bank

     5,613,495         6,237,859   

Securities held in safe custody in other entities

     4,088,670         4,483,567   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     17,115,403         18,731,832   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b) Lawsuits and legal proceedings:

 

  (b.1) Legal contingencies within the ordinary course of business:

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank and its subsidiaries act as defendant or co-defendant in various litigation matters. Although there can be no assurances, the Bank’s management believes, based on information currently available, that the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings are not likely to have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank has established provisions for this concept in the amount of MCh$736 and MCh$474, recorded within “Provisions” in the statement of financial position. The following table presents estimated date of completion of the respective litigation:

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
     2015
MCh$
     2016
MCh$
     2017
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Legal contingencies

     65         5         16         388         —           474   

 

F-89


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

26. Contingencies and Commitments, continued:

 

  (b.2) Contingencies for significant lawsuits:

As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Bank is not party to any significant lawsuits that affect or may affect these consolidated financial statements.

 

  (c) Guarantees granted:

 

  (i) In subsidiary Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.:

In compliance with article 226 and subsequent articles of Law 18,045, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., has designated Banco de Chile as the representative of the beneficiaries of the guarantees it has established and in that character the Bank has issued bank guarantees totaling UF 2,442,000, maturing January 4, 2013.

In addition to these guarantees for creating mutual funds, there are other guarantees for a guaranteed capital on certain mutual funds, totaling Ch$118,734 million as of December 31, 2012 (Ch$104,302 million in 2011).

 

     2012  
Fund    MCh$  

Mutual Fund Banca Americana Voltarget

     11,878   

Mutual Fund Estrategia Commodities

     6,302   

Mutual Fund Muralla China

     17,795   

Mutual Fund Potencias Consolidadas

     30,381   

Mutual Fund Ahorro Plus I

     730   

Mutual Fund Ahorro Estable II

     11,270   

Mutual Fund Ahorro Estable III

     5,051   

Mutual Fund Depósito Plus

     14,958   

Mutual Fund Europa Accionario

     2,069   

Mutual Fund Twin Win Europa 103

     3,541   

Mutual Fund Second Best Chile EEUU

     2,207   

Mutual Fund Depósito Plus II

     12.552   
  

 

 

 

Total

     118,734   
  

 

 

 

 

F-90


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

26. Contingencies and Commitments, continued:

 

(c) Guarantees granted, continued:

 

  (ii) In subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.:

For the purposes of ensuring correct and complete compliance with all of its obligations as broker-dealer entity, in conformity with the provisions of article 30 and subsequent articles of Law 18,045 on Securities Markets, the subsidiary established a guarantee in an insurance policy for UF 20,000, insured by Cía. de Seguros de Crédito Continental S.A., that matures April 22, 2014, whereby the Securities Exchange of the Santiago Stock Exchange was appointed as the subsidiary’s creditors to representative.

The Bank has given the following guarantees in relation to this subsidiary’s business activities:

 

     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Guarantees:

     

Shares to secure short-sale transactions in:

     

Securities Exchange of the Santiago Stock Exchange

     15,980         69   

Securities Exchange of the Electronic Stock Exchange of Chile

     21,731         33,693   

Fixed income securities to ensure system CCLV, Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago, Bolsa de Valores

     2,987         3,068   

Fixed income securities to ensure stock loan, Bolsa Eléctronica de Chile, Bolsa de Valores

     —           47   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     40,698         36,877   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

In conformity with the provisions of internal stock market regulations, and for the purpose of securing the broker’s correct performance, the company established a pledge on its share of the Santiago Stock Exchange in favor of that institution, as recorded in Public Deed on September 13, 1990, signed before Santiago public notary Mr. Raúl Perry Pefaur, and on its share in the Electronic Stock Exchange of Chile in favor of that institution, as recorded in a contract entered into by both parties on May 16, 1990.

 

F-91


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Equity:

 

  (a) Authorized, subscribed and paid shares:

As of December 31, 2012, the paid-in capital of Banco de Chile is represented by 89,898,992,667 registered shares (86,942,514,973 in 2011), with no par value, subscribed and fully paid.

 

  (b) Capital increase:

On January 20, 2011 the Bank decided to increase its capital in the amount of Ch$240,000,000,000 by means of the issuance of 3,385,049,365 cash shares, “Banco de Chile – S” series, which process concluded in July 2011 in which the subscribed and fully paid was of 3,385,049,365 cash shares. With this increase the number of shares subscribed and paid grew to 86,942,514,973.

On October 17, 2012, institutions at the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting agreed to increase the Bank’s capital in the amount of Ch$250,000,000,000 by means of the issuance of 3,939,489,442 cash shares, designated “Banco de Chile-T” series, with that same rights as all other ordinary Banco de Chile shares, with the exception that they will not allow its shareholders to receive dividends and/or fully paid-in shares with respect to our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once these dividends and/or fully paid-in shares are distributed and paid, the “Banco de Chile-T” shares will be automatically converted into “Banco de Chile” shares.

 

  (c) Shares:

 

  (c.1) On June 5, 2012, Banco de Chile disclosed the capitalization of 30% of the distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2011, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, as agreed at the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on March 22, 2012, which are as follows:

At such Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting, it was agreed to increase the Bank’s capital in the amount of Ch$73,910,745,344 through the issuance of 1,095,298,538 fully paid-in shares, of no par value, payable under the distributable net income for 2011 that was not distributed as dividends as agreed at the Ordinary Shareholders Meeting held on the same day.

The issuance of fully paid in shares was registered in the Securities Register of the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions with No. 4/2012 on June 4, 2012.

The Board of Directors of Banco de Chile, at the meeting No. 2,754, dated May 24, 2012, set June 28, 2012 as the date for issuance and distribution of the fully paid in shares.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Equity, continued:

 

  (c) Shares, continued

 

  (c.2) The Bank is in process of issuing and placing shares. The following table shows the share changes from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2012:

 

     Ordinary Shares      Ordinary S
Series Shares
    Ordinary T
Series Shares (**)
     Total Shares  

As of December 31, 2010

     73,834,890,472         8,716,808,951        —           82,551,699,423   

Capitalization of retained earnings

     1,005,766,185         —          —           1,005,766,185   

Transformation of the series “Banco de Chile-S” shares into ordinary “Banco de Chile” shares

     8,716,808,951         (8,716,808,951     —           —     

Fully paid the share capital increase (*)

     3,385,049,365         —          —           3,385,049,365   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total shares as of December 31, 2011

     86,942,514,973         —          —           86,942,514,973   

Capitalization of retained earnings

     1,095,298,538         —          —           1,095,298,538   

Shares subscribed and paid

     —           —          1,861,179,156         1,861,179,156   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total shares subscribed and paid as of December 31, 2012

     88,037,813,511         —          1,861,179,156         89,898,992,667   

Shares subscribed and not paid

     —           —          76,940,138         76,940,138   

Shares authorized and not subscribed

     —           —          2,001,370,148         2,001,370,148   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total as of December 31, 2012

     88,037,813,511         —          3,939,489,442         91,977,302,953   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) During July of 2011, the Bank concluded the capital increase process with an amount of Ch$210,114 million (such amount is net of the costs associated with the issuance).
(**) See note 27(b)

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Equity, continued:

 

  (d) Shareholders’ composition:

As of December 31, 2011, the shareholder composition was as follows:

 

Corporate Name or Shareholder’s Name

   Shares      % of
Equity
Holding
 

Sociedad Administradora de la Obligación Subordinada SAOS S.A.

     28,593,701,789         32.89   

LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A.

     27,609,418,295         31.76   

Sociedad Matriz del Banco de Chile S.A. SM-Chile S.A.

     12,138,525,772         13.96   

Other minority shareholders

     18,600,869,117         21.39   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     86,942,514,973         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, the shareholder composition was as follows:

 

Corporate Name or Shareholder’s Name

   Shares      % of
Equity
Holding
 

LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A.

     29,760,938,681         33.10   

Sociedad Administradora de la Obligación Subordinada SAOS S.A.

     28,593,701,789         31.81   

Sociedad Matriz del Banco de Chile S.A. SM-Chile S.A.

     12,138,537,826         13.50   

Other minority shareholders

     19,405,814,371         21.59   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     89,898,992,667         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Equity, continued:

 

  (e) Approval and payment of dividends:

At the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on March 22, 2012, the Bank’s shareholders agreed to distribute and pay dividend No. 200 amounting to Ch$2.984740 per common share of Banco de Chile, with charge to net income for the year ended December 31, 2011.

At the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on March 17, 2011, the Bank’s shareholders agreed to distribute and pay dividend No. 199 amounting to Ch$2.937587 per common share of Banco de Chile, with charge to net income for the year ended December 31, 2010.

The following dividends were declared and paid by the Bank for the year ended as of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 

     2010
MCh$
     2011
MCh$
     2012
MCh$
 

Dividends on ordinary shares:

     288,669         279,216         296,802   

Dividends per ordinary share (1):

   Ch$ 3.50       Ch$ 3.38       Ch$ 3.41 (*) 

 

(1) Dividends per share are calculated by dividing the amount of the dividend paid during each year by the previous year’s number of shares outstanding.
(*) This dividend per share is composed of the dividend paid to the Central Bank and common shareholders for amounts of MCh$124,342 and MCh$172,460, respectively. The Central Bank has 29,161.4 shares with a payment of Ch$4.263914 per common share of Banco de Chile and for common shareholders the number of shares are 57,781.1 with a payment of Ch$2.984740 per common share of Banco de Chile.

 

  (f) Provision for minimum dividends:

Chilean Corporations Law mandates a minimum distribution of 30% of distributable income. Accordingly, the Bank recorded a liability under the line item “Provisions” for an amount of MCh$139,755 (MCh$128,642 in December 31, 2011) against “Retained earnings”.

 

  (g) Other comprehensive income:

The cumulative translation adjustment is generated from the Bank’s translation of its investments in foreign companies, as it records the effects of foreign currency translation for these items in equity.

In accordance with Note 2(x), the fair market value adjustment for available-for-sale instruments is generated by fluctuations in the fair value of that portfolio, with a charge or credit to equity, net of deferred taxes (see Note 11).

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Equity, continued:

 

  (h) Earnings per share

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit for the year attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the Bank by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.

The following table shows the income and share data used in the calculation of EPS:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012  

Basic and diluted earnings per share:

        

Net profits attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Bank

     417,615         438,186         478,120   

Weighted average number of ordinary shares (*)

     84,652,764,146         86,889,652,027         88,149,818,378   

Earnings per share

     4.93         5.04         5.42   

 

(*)

During 2011 and 2012 were capitalized 1,005,766,185 and 1,095,298,538 shares respectively, which are considered in earnings per share calculation as if they had been outstanding during all periods presented.

During the periods presented the Bank did not have any instruments that could lead to a dilution of its ordinary shares.

There have been no transactions involving ordinary shares or potential ordinary shares between the reporting date and the date of the completion of these financial statements.

 

28. Interest Revenue and Expenses:

 

  (a) As of each year end, interest revenue is detailed as follows:

 

     2010     2011     2012  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Commercial loans

     488,235        711,946        790,696   

Consumer loans

     370,847        435,978        522,907   

Residential mortgage loans

     186,215        266,914        266,625   

Financial investments

     43,608        71,669        76,576   

Repurchase agreements

     8,133        14,605        12,553   

Loans and advances to banks

     7,205        10,322        12,993   

Loss from accounting hedges (see 28(c))

     (12,607     (12,411     (11,296

Other interest revenue

     367        2,661        1,712   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     1,092,003        1,501,684        1,672,766   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

28. Interest Revenue and Expenses, continued:

 

  (b) As of each year end, interest expenses are detailed as follows:

 

     2010      2011     2012  
     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$  

Saving accounts and time deposits

     187,210         425,968        496,985   

Debt issued

     109,624         153,896        170,222   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     18,822         23,784        22,308   

Demand deposits

     3,439         5,934        3,946   

Other financial obligations

     2,935         3,823        3,078   

Repurchase agreements

     2,007         10,849        14,986   

Loss from accounting hedges (see 28(c))

     —           (185     (3,003

Other interest expenses

     340         140        107   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     324,377         624,209        708,629   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (c) As of each year end, loss from accounting hedge is the following:

 

     2010     2011     2012  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Cash Flow hedge

     —          (1,029     (2,318

Fair value hedge

     (12,607     (11,197     (5,975
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     (12,607     (12,226     (8,293
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

29. Income and Expenses from Fees and Commissions:

The income and expenses for fees and commissions shown in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income refers to the following items:

 

     2010     2011     2012  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Income from fees and commissions

      

Card services

     76,487        90,758        102,407   

Collections and payments

     51,371        49,764        60,341   

Investments in mutual funds and other

     61,476        63,809        56,043   

Portfolio management

     16,401        17,702        27,317   

Lines of credit and overdrafts

     26,124        22,771        22,892   

Insurance brokerage

     22,909        20,480        17,404   

Trading and securities management

     38,724        38,600        16,892   

Use of distribution channel

     8,727        18,430        15,942   

Guarantees and letters of credit

     15,187        12,888        14,454   

Financial advisory services

     4,800        3,186        3,955   

Other fees earned

     20,013        29,578        35,120   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total income from fees and commissions

     342,219        367,966        372,767   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Expenses from fees and commissions

      

Credit card transactions

     (29,570     (35,522     (42,035

Sale force fees

     (6,047     (8,312     (10,098

Fees for collections and payments

     (6,729     (6,619     (6,534

Fees for securities transactions

     (3,532     (4,246     (2,994

Sale of mutual fund units

     (3,571     (3,038     (2,488

Other fees

     (508     (1,456     (1,361
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses from fees and commissions

     (49,957     (59,193     (65,510
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

30. Net Financial Operating Income:

The gain (losses) from trading and brokerage activities is detailed as follows:

 

     2010     2011     2012  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Financial assets held-for-trading

     21,306        13,386        9,031   

Sale of available-for-sale instruments

     19,178        2,289        8,088   

Net loss of other transactions

     506        (353     2,567 (*) 

Derivative instruments

     (23,678     41,346        (3,633

Sale of loan portfolios

     (149     1,433        146   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     17,163        58,101        16,199   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) Includes hedge ineffectiveness recognized in income statement for 2012 for an amount of MCh$146

 

31. Foreign Exchange Transaction, net:

 

     2010     2011     2012  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Translation difference, net

     69,538        (18,495     44,736   

Indexed foreign currency

     (5,776     11,489        (9,404

Loss from accounting hedges(*)

     —          (967     (196
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     63,762        (7,973     35,136   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) Corresponds to the foreign exchange of the Mexican bond issued in 2011.

 

F-99


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

32. Provisions for Loan Losses:

The changes during 2010, 2011 and 2012 are the following:

 

            Loans to customers as of December 31, 2010                    
     Loans and
advance to
banks
     Commercial
loans
    Mortgage
loans
    Consumer
loans
    Total     Financial
guarantees
    Total  

Provisions established:

               

Individual provisions

     —           (39,365     —          —          (39,365     (5,217     (44,582

Group provisions

     —           (29,003     (3,750     (112,901     (145,654     (151     (145,805
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions established, net

     —           (68,368     (3,750     (112,901     (185,019     (5,368     (190,387
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released:

               

Individual provisions

     567         —          —          —          —          —          567   

Group provisions

     —           —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released, net

     567         —          —          —          567        —          567   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recovery of written-off assets

     —           11,173        1,387        19,609        32,169        —          32,169   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions, net allowances for credit risk

     567         (57,195     (2,363     (93,292     (152,850     (5,368     (157,651
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-100


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

32. Provisions for Loan Losses:

 

           Loans to customers as of December 31, 2011                    
     Loans and
advance to
banks
    Commercial
loans
    Mortgage
loans
    Consumer
loans
    Total     Financial
Guarantees
    Total  

Provisions established:

              

Individual provisions

     (396     (51,160     —          —          (51,160     (4,412     (55,968

Group provisions

     —          (42,132     (3,553     (110,344     (156,029     —          (156,029
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions established, net

     (396     (93,292     (3,553     (110,344     (207,189     (4,412     (211,997
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released:

              

Individual provisions

     —          14,515        —          —          14,515        —          14,515   

Group provisions

     —          —          —          —          —          4,902        4,902   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released, net

     —          14,515        —          —          14,515        4,902        19,417   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recovery of written-off assets

     —          16,104        1,106        28,445        45,655        —          45,655   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions, net allowances for credit risk

     (396     (62,673     (2,447     (81,899     (147,019     490        (146,925
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-101


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

32. Provisions for Loan Losses:

 

            Loans to customers as of December 31, 2012                    
     Loans and
advance to
banks
     Commercial
loans
    Mortgage
loans
    Consumer
loans
    Total     Financial
guarantees
    Total  

Provisions established:

               

Individual provisions

     —           (13,668     —          —          (13,668     (1,394     (15,062

Group provisions

     —           (46,807     (4,428     (160,775     (212,010     (222     (212,232
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions established, net

     —           (60,475     (4,428     (160,775     (225,678     (1,616     (227,294
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released:

               

Individual provisions

     47         17,883        —          —          17,883        1,982        19,912   

Group provisions

     —           —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released, net

     47         17,883        —          —          17,883        1,982        19,912   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recovery of written-off assets

     —           14,892        1,971        24,099        40,962        —          40,962   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions, net allowances for credit risk

     47         (27,700     (2,457     (136,676     (166,833     366        (166,420
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-102


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

33. Personnel Expenses:

Personnel expenses in 2010, 2011 and 2012 are detailed as follows:

 

     2010      2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Remuneration

     157,839         169,114         185,479   

Bonuses

     69,203         100,494         71,674   

Lunch and health benefits

     17,817         20,272         21,954   

Staff severance indemnities

     7,140         6,167         12,608   

Training expenses

     1,380         1,493         1,671   

Other personnel expenses

     19,358         19,451         18,679   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     272,737         316,991         312,065   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

34. Administrative Expenses:

As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, administrative expenses are detailed as follows:

 

     2010      2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

General administrative expenses

     136,958         153,191         160,717   

Expenses for outsourced services

     26,870         37,601         42,015   

Board of Director’s expenses

     2,358         2,733         2,656   

Marketing expenses

     22,804         26,515         30,572   

Taxes, payroll taxes and contributions

     8,679         9,879         11,499   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     197,669         229,919         247,459   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-103


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

35. Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment:

 

  (a) Amounts charged to income for depreciation and amortization during 2010, 2011 and 2012 are detailed as follows:

 

     2010      2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Depreciation and amortization

        

Depreciation of property and equipment (Note 14)

     19,935         20,543         20,614   

Amortization of intangibles assets (Note 13)

     15,029         14,588         14,532   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     34,964         35,131         35,146   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b) As of December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the impairment loss is detailed as follows:

 

     2010      2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Impairment loss

        

Impairment loss on investment instruments

     —           —           551   

Impairment loss on property and equipment (Note No.14)

     1,044         335         348   

Impairment loss on intangibles assets (Note No.13)

     —           296         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,044         631         899   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

36. Other Operating Income:

During 2010, 2011 and 2012, the Bank and its subsidiaries presented the following under other operating income:

 

     2010      2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Rental income

     5,367         5,614         6,007   

Income for assets received in lieu of payment

     6,440         5,918         5,674   

Expenses recovery

     2,133         1,957         2,895   

Recovery from correspondent banks

     2,656         2,207         2,379   

Release of provisions for contingencies

     294         173         624   

Refund of Insurance

     —           1,594         19   

Foreign advisory services

     2,130         1,474         —     

Other

     4,564         5,798         3,289   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     23,584         24,735         20,887   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

37. Other Operating Expenses:

During 2010, 2011 and 2012, the Bank and its subsidiaries incurred the following other operating expenses:

 

     2010      2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Cobranding travel club and global pass

     13,302         17,360         18,935   

Write-offs for operating risks

     10,400         3,002         9,526   

Provision for other assets

     1,704         —           3,765   

Card administration

     2,584         2,602         2,163   

Provisions for contingencies

     689         2,495         1,109   

Operational expenses and writes-off leasing

     2,254         792         780   

Other

     6,880         4,688         3,272   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     37,813         30,939         39,550   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

38. Related Party Transactions:

The related parties of companies and their subsidiaries include entities of the company’s corporate group; corporations which are the company’s parent company, associated companies, subsidiaries and associates; directors, managers, administrators, main executives or receivers of the company on their own behalf or in representation of persons other than the company, and their respective spouses or family members up to the second degree of consanguinity or affinity, as well as any entity directly or indirectly controlled through any of them, the partnerships or companies in which the aforementioned persons are owners, directly or through other individuals or corporations, of 10% or more of their capital or directors, managers, administrators or main executives; any person that on their own or with others with whom they have a joint action agreement can designate at least one member of the company’s management or controls 10% or more of the capital or of the voting capital, if dealing with a public corporation; those that establish the company’s bylaws, or with a sound basis identify the directors’ committee; and those who have held the position of director, manager, administrator, main executive or receiver within the last eighteen months.

Corporations Art. 147 states that a public corporation can only enter into transactions with related parties when the objective is to contribute to the company’s interests, when terms of price, terms and conditions are commensurate to those prevailing in the market at the time of their approval and comply with the requirements and procedures stated in the same standard.

Moreover, article 84 of the General Banking Law establishes limits for loans granted to related parties and prohibits the granting of loans to the Bank’s directors, managers and general representatives.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

38. Related Party Transactions, continued:

 

  (a) Loans to related parties:

The following table details loans and accounts receivable, contingent loans and assets related to trading and investment securities, corresponding to related entities.

 

     Operating
Companies (*)
    Investment
Companies (**)
    Individuals (***)     Total  
     2012     2011     2012     2011     2012     2011     2012     2011  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Loans and accounts receivable:

                

Commercial loans

     250,983        209,764        63,576        81,798        704        575        315,263        292,137   

Residential mortgage loans

     —          —          —          —          14,974        13,919        14,974        13,919   

Consumer loans

     —          —          —          —          3,920        3,387        3,920        3,387   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross loans

     250,983        209,764        63,576        81,798        19,598        17,881        334,157        309,443   

Provision for loan losses

     (761     (602     (136     (295     (68     (68     (965     (965
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loans

     250,222        209,162        63,440        81,503        19,530        17,813        333,192        308,478   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off balance sheet accounts:

                

Guarantees

     1,864        18,670        —          —          —          —          1,864        18,670   

Letters of credits

     280        158        —          —          —          —          280        158   

Banks guarantees

     24,361        21,313        2,374        2,038        —          —          26,735        23,351   

Immediately available credit lines

     46,179        32,406        4,532        1,451        9,320        9,393        60,031        43,250   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total off balance sheet account

     72,684        72,547        6,906        3,489        9,320        9,393        88,910        85,429   

Provision for contingencies loans

     (44     (95     (1     (2     —          —          (45     (97
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off balance sheet account, net

     72,640        72,452        6,905        3,487        9,320        9,393        88,865        85,332   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amount covered by Collateral:

                

Mortgage

     31,034        27,958        55        55        15,325        15,431        46,414        43,444   

Warrant

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Pledge

     13        —          —          —          7        7        20        7   

Other (****)

     2,842        2,855        17,300        17,300        10        10        20,152        20,165   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total collateral

     33,889        30,813        17,355        17,355        15,342        15,448        66,586        63,616   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
                
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquired Instruments

                

For trading purposes

     —          2,154        —          —          —          —          —          2,154   

For investment purposes

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total acquired instruments

     —          2,154        —          —          —          —          —          2,154   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) Operating companies are legal entities which comply with the following conditions:

 

  i) They engage in operating activities and generate a separable flow of income,

 

  ii) Less than 50% of their assets are trading securities or investments.

 

(**) Investment companies include those legal entities that do not comply with the conditions for operating companies and are profit-oriented.
(***) Individuals include key members of the management, who directly or indirectly posses the authority and responsibility of planning, administrating and controlling the activities of the organization, including directors. This category also includes their family members who are expected to have an influence or to be influenced by such individuals in their interactions with the organization.
(****) These guarantees correspond mainly to shares and other financial guarantees

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

38. Related Party Transactions, continued:

 

  (b) Other assets and liabilities with related parties:

 

     2012      2011  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Assets

     

Cash and due from banks

     11,174         97,390   

Derivative instruments

     107,487         116,010   

Other assets

     2,931         2,665   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     121,592         216,065   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

     

Demand deposits

     87,480         69,287   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     378,965         531,448   

Derivative instruments

     83,582         100,238   

Debt issued

     79,821         —     

Borrowings from financial institutions

     134,820         194,059   

Other liabilities

     9,044         7,969   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     773,712         903,001   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (c) Income and expenses from related party transactions:

 

     2012      2011  
     Income      Expense      Income      Expense  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Type of income or expense recognized

           

Interest and revenue expenses

     18,759         21,501         15,522         31,190   

Fees and commission income

     56,717         33,337         56,979         30,647   

Net financial operating income

     36,171         —           100,187         —     

Provision for credit risk

     —           677         221         —     

Operating expenses

     —           64,213         —           65,718   

Other income and expenses

     744         40         843         53   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     112,391         119,768         173,752         127,608   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

38. Related Party Transactions, continued:

 

  (d) Directors’ expenses and remunerations:

 

     Remunerations     Fees for attending
Board meetings
     Fees for attending
Committees and
Subsidiary Board
meetings (1)
     Consulting      Total  
     2012     2011     2012      2011      2012      2011      2012      2011      2012      2011  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Name of Directors

                           

Pablo Granifo Lavín

     358 (*)      347 (*)      45         48         294         306         —           —           697         701   

Andrónico Luksic Craig

     147        142        8         14         —           —           —           —           155         156   

Jorge Awad Mehech

     49        47        23         27         110         107         —           —           182         181   

Gonzalo Menéndez Duque

     49        47        21         25         112         111         —           —           182         183   

Jaime Estévez Valencia

     49        47        23         26         92         87         —           —           164         160   

Rodrigo Manubens Moltedo

     49        47        23         26         49         48         —           —           121         121   

Francisco Pérez Mackenna

     49        47        17         22         50         46         —           —           116         115   

Jorge Ergas Heyman

     49        36        17         16         47         42         —           —           113         94   

Thomas Fürst Freiwirth

     49        47        18         23         37         34         —           —           104         104   

Guillermo Luksic Craig

     49        47        4         7         —           —           —           —           53         54   

Jacob Ergas Ergas

     —          10        —           4         9         17         —           —           9         31   

Felipe Joannon Vergara

     —          10        —           7         —           12         —           —           —           29   

Other directors’ subsidiaries

     —          —          —           —           165         166         —           86         165         252   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     897        874        199         245         965         976         —           86         2,061         2,181   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes fees paid to members of the Advisory Committee of Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda. of MCh$19 (MCh$9 in 2011).
(*) Includes a provision of MCh$210 (MCh$205 in 2011) for an incentive subject to achieving the Bank’s forecasted earnings.

Fees paid for advisory services to the Board of Directors amount to MCh$266 (MCh$248 in 2011).

Travel and other related expenses amount to MCh$329 (MCh$304 in 2011).

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities:

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries have defined a corporate framework for the Fair Value measurement and control to accomplish the Fair Value process according to local regulations, market standards and best practices in the industry. This framework is contained in Banco de Chile’s Fair Value Policy.

One of the most important definition in this framework is the Product Control Unit, (“PCU”) function. This area is independent from both the principal management and the business unit, and reports to the CFO of Banco de Chile. This area is responsible for the independent verification of Profit and Losses, and Fair Value measurement and control for all Treasury transactions; Trading, Funding and gapping and Investments deals.

To accomplish the measurements and controls, Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries, take into account at least the following aspects:

 

  (a) Industry standards of fair value measurements.

In the fair value calculation process, standard methodologies: closing prices, discounted cash flows and option models, and the Black-Scholes model, in the options case. The input parameters are rates, prices and volatility levels for each term and market factor that can change the fair value of any instrument in the portfolio.

 

  (b) Quoted prices in active markets.

The fair value for instruments with quoted prices in active markets is determined using daily quotes from electronic systems information as Bloomberg and Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago terminals. This quote represents the price at which the instrument is frequently bought and sold in financial markets.

The prices used to determine the fair value of each instrument correspond to the midpoint for a specific market factor, currency and term.

 

  (c) Valuation techniques.

If there are not market quotes in active markets for the financial instrument, valuation techniques will be used to determine the fair value.

Due to the fact that fair value models require a set of market parameters as inputs, it is part of the fair value process to maximize the utilization of observable quoted prices or derived from similar instruments in active markets. Nevertheless, there are some cases for which neither quoted prices nor derived prices are available; in these cases external data from specialized providers, such as the broker ICAP, prices for similar transactions and historical information is used to validate the parameters that will be used as inputs.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (d) Fair value adjustments.

Part of the fair value process consist of adjustments, Market Value Adjustments or MVA for short, to take into account two different market inputs: bid/offer spreads and market factors liquidity. These adjustments are calculated and analyzed by the PCU and Risk Market areas.

The bid/offer spread adjustment reflects the expected impact on fair value due to long or short positions in a specific market factor and term, valuated at their midpoint. For example, long positions in an asset will be impacted in order to reflect the fact that in selling that position prices will be quoted at bid instead at midpoint. For the bid/offer spread adjustment, market quotes or indicative prices for each position, instrument, currency and term are used. Bid, mid and offer market quotes are considered.

The liquidity adjustment considers the relative size to the market of each position in the portfolio. This adjustment is intended to reflect the relative size of Banco de Chile and the deepness of the markets. For this adjustment, the size of each position, recent transaction in active markets and recently observed liquidity are taking into account.

 

  (e) Fair value control.

To ensure that the market input parameters that Banco de Chile is using for fair value calculations represent the state of the market and the best estimates of fair value, the PCU runs on a daily basis an independent verification of prices and rates. This process aims to set a preventive control on the official market parameters provided by the respective business area. A comparative control based on mark-to-market differences, using one set of inputs prepared by the business area and one set prepared by the PCU, is conducted before fair value calculations. The output of this process is a set of differences in fair value by currency, product and portfolio. These differences are compared with specific ranges by grouping level, currency, product and portfolio.

In the event when significant differences were detected, these differences are scaled according to the amount of materiality for each grouping level, from a single report to the trader until a report to the Board. These ranges of materiality control are approved by the Assets and Liabilities Committee (“ALCO”).

Complementary and in parallel, the PCU generates daily reports of P&L and risk market exposure. These two kinds of reports allows adequate control and consistency of the parameters used in the valuation and post-valuation confirmation.

 

F-111


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (f) Judgmental analysis and information to Senior Management.

In particular cases where there is no market quotations for the instrument, similar transaction prices or indicative parameters, a reasoned analysis and specific controls should be made to estimate the fair value of the operation or transaction. Within Banco de Chile’s framework for fair value, described in the Fair Value Policy approved by the Board of Banco de Chile, the approval level required for this kind of instruments, where there is no market information or available inferences from prices or rates, is established.

 

  (i) Fair value hierarchy

Banco de Chile and his subsidiaries, taken into account the preceding statements, classify all the financial instruments among the following levels:

 

Level 1:      Observable, quoted price in active markets for the same instrument or specific type of transaction to be evaluated.
     In this level are considered the following instruments: currency futures, Chilean central bank and treasury securities, mutual funds investments and equity.
     For the Chilean central bank and treasury securities, all instruments that belong to one of the following benchmark groups will be considered as Level 1: Pesos-02, Pesos-05, Pesos-07, Pesos-10, UF-02, UF-05, UF-07, UF-10, UF-20, UF-30. A benchmark group is composed by a number of instruments that have similar duration and share the same quoted price within the group. This condition allows for a greater depth of the market, assuring daily observable quotes.
     For each and every one of these instruments exist daily observable market valuation parameters; internal rates of return and closing prices, respectively, therefore no assumptions are needed to calculate the fair value. For currency futures as well as mutual funds and equity, closing prices times the number of instruments is used for fair value calculations. For Chilean central bank and treasury securities, the internal rate of return is used to discount every cash flow and obtain the fair value of each instrument, for each currency, CLP or CLF.
     The preceding described methodology corresponds to the one utilized for the Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (Santiago’s main Exchange) and is recognized as the standard in the market.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (i) Fair value hierarchy, continued

 

Level 2:      No market quotes are available for the specific financial instrument, or the observable prices are sporadic and therefore the market does not have enough depth. For instruments in this level the valuation is done based on inference from observable market parameters; quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets.
     This level is composed mostly of derivatives, currency and rate derivatives, bank’s debt securities, mortgage claims, money market instruments and less liquid Chilean central bank and treasury securities.
     For derivatives the fair value process depend upon his value is impacted by volatility as a relevant market factor; if is the case, Black-Scholes-Merton type of formula it is used. For the rest of the derivatives, swaps and forwards, net present value through discounted cash flows is used. For securities classified as level 2, the obtained internal rate of return is used to discount every cash flow and obtain the fair value of each instrument, for each currency.
     In the event that there is no observable price for an instrument in a specific term, the price will be inferred from the interpolation between periods that do have observable quoted price in active markets. These models incorporate various market variables, including foreign exchange rates and interest rate curves. In some cases external data from specialized providers, brokers such as ICAP and Riskamerica, price for similar transactions and historical information it is used for validate the parameters that will be used as inputs.
     The techniques described above are used by the Santiago Stock Exchange in Chile, Bloomberg or the Over-the-Counter, and correspond to the standard methodology used in the local and international markets.
Level 3:      The input parameters used in the valuation are not observable through market quotes in active markets neither can be inferred directly from other transaction information in active markets. This category also includes instruments that are valued based on quoted prices for similar instruments where adjustments or assumptions are needed to reflect the differences between them.
     Instruments classified as level 3 correspond to Corporate Debt issued mainly Chilean and foreign companies, issued both in Chile and abroad. These instruments are classified, for accounting purposes, as Available for Sale. For this securities classified as level 3, the indicative internal rate of return is used to discount every cash flow and obtain the fair value of each instrument, for each currency. In this case only external data from specialized providers, brokers such as ICAP, Riskamerica and Interactive Data, it is used to for validate the parameters that will be used as inputs.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (i) Fair value hierarchy, continued

 

     For this level corresponds to the described technique used by both the Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago de Chile as Bloomberg, and correspond to the standard methodology used in the local and international market.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (ii) Level hierarchy classification and figures

The following table shows the figures by hierarchy, for instruments registered at fair value.

 

    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total  
    2011     2012     2011     2012     2011     2012     2011     2012  
    MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Financial Assets

               

Financial assets held-for-trading

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

    72,971        65,548        4,871        6,831        —          —          77,842        72,379   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    371        188        191,063        87,115        585        —          192,019        87,303   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    73,342        65,736        195,934        93,946        585        —          269,861        159,682   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivative contracts for trading purposes

               

Forwards

    —          —          121,133        66,752        —          —          121,133        66,752   

Swaps

    —          —          258,681        258,496        —          —          258,681        258,496   

Call Options

    —          —          1,239        472        —          —          1,239        472   

Put Options

    —          —          2        341        —          —          2        341   

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    —          —          381,055        326,061        —          —          381,055        326,061   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hedge derivative contracts

               

Swaps

    —          —          —          22        —          —          —          22   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    —          —          —          22        —          —          —          22   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    —          —          381,055        326,083        —          —          381,055        326,083   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale

               

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

    —          136,554        412,394        115,230        —          —          412,394        251,784   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    —          —          608,945        653,955        321,378        278,073        930,323        932,028   

Instruments issued abroad

    —          30,538        —          —          128,403        57,966        128,403        88,504   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    —          167,092        1,021,339        769,185        449,781        336,039        1,471,120        1,272,316   

Other assets

               

Mutual fund investments

    31,910        33,042        —          —          —          —          31,910        33,042   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    31,910        33,042        —          —          —          —          31,910        33,042   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    105,252        265,870        1,598,328        1,189,214        450,366        336,039        2,153,946        1,791,123   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Liabilities

               

Derivative contracts for trading purposes

               

Forwards

    —          —          115,797        81,790        —          —          115,797        81,790   

Swaps

    —          —          272,976        264,052        —          —          272,976        264,052   

Call Options

    —          —          1,149        395        —          —          1,149        395   

Put Options

    —          —          35        387        —          —          35        387   

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other

    —          —          21        —          —          —          21        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    —          —          389,978        346,624        —          —          389,978        346,624   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hedge derivative contracts

    —          —                 

Swaps

    —          —          39,935        33,698        —          —          39,935        33,698   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    —          —          39,935        33,698        —          —          39,935        33,698   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    —          —          429,913        380,322        —          —          429,913        380,322   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Since last quarter of the present period, it was established more precisely the classification of the level of financial instruments, according to what observables are their prices in the market. The new definition is described above of this disclosure. It should be noted that this change has no impact on the valuation of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

 

F-115


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (iii) Level 3 Reconciliation:

The following tables show the reconciliation between the beginning and ending balances of instruments classified as Level 3, whose fair value is reflected in the financial statements.

 

     Balance as of
January 1,
2011
     Gain (loss)
Recognized
in Income
    Gain (loss)
Recognized
in Equity
    Purchases     Sales      Agreements     Balance as of
December 31,
2011
 
     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$  

Financial Assets

                

Financial assets held-for-trading

                

Other instruments issued in Chile

     1,740         94        —          (1,249     —           —          585   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           —          —                 —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,740         94        —          (1,249     —           —          585   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale

                

Other instruments issued in Chile

     230,480         11,992        (2,130     81,036        —           —          321,378   

Instruments issued abroad

     84,072         16,115        (3,897     32,113        —           —          128,403   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     314,552         28,107        (6,027     113,149        —           —          449,781   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     316,292         28,201        (6,027     111,900        —           —          450,366   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
     Balance as of
January 1,
2012
     Gain (loss)
Recognized
in Income
    Gain (loss)
Recognized
in Equity
    Purchases     Sales      Agreements     Balance as of
December 31,
2012
 
     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$  

Financial Assets

                

Financial assets held-for-trading

                

Other instruments issued in Chile

     585         183        —          (768     —           —          —     

Instruments issued abroad

     —           —          —          —          —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     585         183        —          (768     —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale

                

Other instruments issued in Chile

     321,378         1,511        (1,410     (43,406     —           —          278,073   

Instruments issued abroad

     128,403         (5,713     19,666        (59,432     —           (24,958     57,966   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     449,781         (4,202     18,256        (102,838     —           (24,958     336,039   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     450,366         (4,019     18,256        (103,606     —           (24,958     336,039   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-116


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (iv) Transfers between levels

The following tables show transfers between levels for financial assets and liabilities whose fair value it is recorded in the consolidated financial statements:

 

     Transfers
from level 1
to level 2
 
     2012  
     MCh$  

Financial assets

  

Financial assets held-for-trading instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     —     
     Transfers
from level 2
to level 1
2012
 
     MCh$  

Financial assets

  

Financial assets Available-for-sale instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     53,592   

Since last quarter the classification was established according to what observables are their prices in the market. Transfers from level 2 to level 1 represent this situation. It should be noted that this change has no impact on the valuation of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

 

F-117


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (v) Sensitivity of level 3 instruments to changes in key assumptions of the input parameters for the valuation model.

The following table shows the impact on the fair value of Level 3 financial instruments using alternative assumptions that are reasonably possible. It is believed that the positive and negative impacts are similar:

 

     As of December 31, 2011      As of December 31, 2012  
     Level 3      Sensitivity to
changes in key
assumptions of
models
     Level 3      Sensitivity to
changes in key
assumptions of
models
 
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

           

Financial assets held-for-trading

           

Other instruments issued in Chile

     585         —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     585         —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale

           

Other instruments issued in Chile

     321,378         5,629         278,073         4,664   

Instruments issued abroad

     128,403         2,911         57,966         612   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     449,781         8,540         336,039         5,276   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets corresponds to bank bonds and corporate bonds, considering that these instruments do not have current prices or observables, was used as inputs prices, prices based on broker quotes or runs. Prices are generally calculated as a base rate plus a spread. For local bonds, this was determined by applying a 10% impact on the price, while for offshore bonds this was determined by applying only a 10% impact on the spread because the base rate is hedged with instruments on interest rate swaps so-called hedge accounting. The impact of 10% is considered a reasonable move considering the market performance of these instruments and comparing it against the adjustment bid / offer that is provided for by these instruments.

 

F-118


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (vi) Other assets and liabilities

The following table summarizes the fair values of the Bank’s main financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value in the Statement of Financial Position. The values shown in this note do not attempt to estimate the value of the Bank’s income-generating assets, nor forecast their future behavior. The estimated fair value is as follows:

 

     Book Value      Fair Value  
     2011      2012      2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Assets

           

Cash and due from banks

     881,146         684,925         881,146         684,925   

Transactions in the course of collection

     373,639         310,077         373,639         310,077   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     47,981         35,100         47,981         35,100   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,302,766         1,030,102         1,302,766         1,030,102   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans and advances to banks

           

Domestic banks

     315,873         1,115,000         315,873         1,115,000   

Foreign banks

     332,552         228,322         332,552         228,322   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     648,425         1,343,322         648,425         1,343,322   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers, net

           

Commercial loans

     11,005,194         11,533,904         10,973,062         11,473,251   

Residential mortgage loans

     3,591,530         4,182,587         3,557,248         4,201,091   

Consumer loans

     2,427,032         2,667,467         2,426,959         2,683,593   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     17,023,756         18,383,958         16,957,269         18,357,935   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     18,974,947         20,757,382         18,908,460         20,731,359   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

           

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     4,895,426         5,470,971         4,895,426         5,470,971   

Transactions in the course of payment

     155,424         72,684         155,424         72,684   

Cash collateral on securities lent and reverse repurchase agreements

     223,202         226,396         223,202         226,396   

Saving accounts and time deposits

     9,282,324         9,612,950         9,273,010         9,589,643   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     1,690,939         1,108,681         1,689,172         1,103,252   

Other financial obligations

     184,785         162,123         184,785         162,123   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     16,432,100         16,653,805         16,421,019         16,625,069   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Debt issued

           

Letters of credit for residential purposes

     106,965         85,967         115,825         87,088   

Letters of credit for general purposes

     45,133         29,229         48,871         29,610   

Bonds

     1,488,369         2,412,233         1,459,145         2,282,014   

Subordinated bonds

     747,874         746,504         728,330         726,369   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,388,341         3,273,933         2,352,171         3,125,081   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     18,820,441         19,927,738         18,773,190         19,750,150   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-119


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (vi) Other assets and liabilities

The fair value of assets not presented at fair value in the Statement of Financial Position is derived from balance sheet stocks and cash flows that Banco de Chile expects to receive, discounted using the relevant market interest rate for each type of transaction. These cash flows are obtained from regulatory reports, in particular the C40 report, which is issued by the Bank.

The C40 report contains cash flows, in future value, for assets and liabilities, by maturity and currency. For long term assets and liabilities, contractual cash flows are used to calculate the fair value. The cash flows are discounted by type of asset and currency to obtain their present value. The discount rates used to calculate the present value for each type of asset and liability correspond to the marginal rates of each product, considering specific rates by currency and term to capture both the risk inherent to the term as well as the expected level of each currency.

For financial assets and liabilities that have a short term maturity (less than three months) it is assumed that the carrying amounts approximate their fair value. This assumption is also applied to demand deposits and savings accounts without specific maturity.

For loans, contractual cash flows and loan loss provisions are used to calculate the fair value. The cash flows are discounted by type of asset and currency to obtain their present value. Consecutively, the loan loss provision, by type of asset, is subtracted from the present value to take into account the fact that the Bank has already model the estimate probability that his customers do not fulfill their obligations.

The fair value of liabilities that do not have quoted market prices, it is based on discounted cash flows, using interest rates to similar terms.

The Bank did not incur any “day 1” profits or losses during the reporting period (difference between mark to market at the end of day and the effective rate of the transactions).

 

F-120


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Maturity of Assets and Liabilities:

The table below shows the classification of assets and liabilities as current and non-current as the balance sheet is presented in the order of liquidity without indicating this information.

 

     As of December 31, 2011  
     Less than
12 months
MCh$
     Over 1 year
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Assets

        

Cash and due from banks

     881,146         —           881,146   

Transactions in the course of collection

     373,639         —           373,639   

Financial assets held-for-trading

     269,861         —           269,861   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     47,981         —           47,981   

Derivative instruments

     170,352         210,703         381,055   

Loans and advance to banks (*)

     649,431         —           649,431   

Loans to customers (*)

     9,128,146         8,258,351         17,386,497   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     635,951         835,169         1,471,120   

Investment in other companies

     —           13,196         13,196   

Property and equipment

     —           207,888         207,888   

Investment properties

     —           17,079         17,079   

Intangible assets

     —           81,026         81,026   

Current tax assets

     —           —           —     

Deferred tax assets, net

     —           60,025         60,025   

Other assets

     109,523         170,281         279,804   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     12,266,030         9,853,718         22,119,748   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     As of December 31, 2012  
     Less than
12 months
MCh$
     Over 1 year
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Assets

        

Cash and due from banks

     684,925         —           684,925   

Transactions in the course of collection

     310,077         —           310,077   

Financial assets held-for-trading

     159,682         —           159,682   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     35,100         —           35,100   

Derivative instruments

     127,507         198,576         326,083   

Loans and advance to banks (*)

     1,344,281         —           1,344,281   

Loans to customers (*)

     8,062,399         10,709,362         18,771,761   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     787,053         485,263         1,272,316   

Investment in other companies

     —           11,674         11,674   

Property and equipment

     —           205,189         205,189   

Investment properties

     —           16,698         16,698   

Intangible assets

     —           75,610         75,610   

Current tax assets

     —           —           —     

Deferred tax assets, net

     —           55,801         55,801   

Other assets

     122,842         194,923         317,765   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     11,633,866         11,953,096         23,586,962   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) The respective provisions, which amount to MCh$362,741 and MCh$387,803 in 2011 and 2012, respectively, for loans to customers and MCh$1,006 and MCh$959 for loans and advances to banks, have not been deducted from these balances.

 

F-121


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Maturity of Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

     As of December 31, 2011  
     Less than
12 months
MCh$
     Over 1 year
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Liabilities

        

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     4,895,426         —           4,895,426   

Transactions in the course of payment

     155,424         —           155,424   

Cash collateral on securities lent and reverse repurchase agreements

     223,202         —           223,202   

Saving accounts and time deposits

     8,811,613         470,711         9,282,324   

Derivative instruments

     162,863         267,050         429,913   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     1,418,654         272,285         1,690,939   

Debt issued

     91,414         2,296,927         2,388,341   

Other financial obligations

     129,892         54,893         184,785   

Current tax liabilities

     —           3,095         3,095   

Employee benefits

     —           60,634         60,634   

Provisions

     —           131,344         131,344   

Other liabilities

     134,820         135,085         269,905   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     16,023,308         3,692,024         19,715,332   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     As of December 31, 2012  
     Less than
12 months
MCh$
     Over 1 year
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Liabilities

        

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     5,470,971         —           5,470,971   

Transactions in the course of payment

     72,684         —           72,684   

Cash collateral on securities lent and reverse repurchase agreements

     226,396         —           226,396   

Saving accounts and time deposits

     9,035,534         577,416         9,612,950   

Derivative instruments

     118,734         261,588         380,322   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     966,725         141,956         1,108,681   

Debt issued

     302,556         2,971,377         3,273,933   

Other financial obligations

     113,117         49,006         162,123   

Current tax liabilities

     —           23,189         23,189   

Employee benefits

     —           64,545         64,545   

Provisions

     —           141,839         141,839   

Other liabilities

     132,651         172,454         305,105   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     16,439,368         4,403,370         20,842,738   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management:

 

  (1) Introduction

The Bank’s risk management is based on specialization, knowledge of the business and the experience of its teams, with professionals specifically dedicated to each different type of risk. Our policy is to maintain an integrated, forward looking approach to risk management, taking into account the current and forecasted economic environment and the risk/return ratio of all products for both the Bank and its subsidiaries.

Our credit policies and processes acknowledge the particularities of each market and segment, thus affording specialized treatment to each one of them. The integrated information prepared for risk analysis is key to developing our strategic plan, this objectives include: determining the desired risk level for each business line; aligning all strategies with the established risk level; communicating desired risk levels to Bank’s commercial areas; developing models, processes and tools for evaluating, measuring and controlling risk throughout the different business lines and areas; informing the board of directors about risks and their evolution; proposing action plans to address important deviations in risk indicators and enforcing compliance of applicable standards and regulations.

 

  (a) Risk Management Structure

Credit and Market Risk Management lies at the all levels of the Organization, with a structure that recognizes the relevance of the different risk areas that exist. Current levels are:

 

  (i) Board of Directors

The Board is responsible for the establishment and monitoring of the Bank’s risk management structure. Due to the above, it is permanently informed regarding the evolution of the different risk areas, participating through its Finance and Financial Risk Committees, Credit Committees, Portfolio Committees and Audit Committee, which check the status of credit and market risks. In addition, it actively participates in each of them, informed of the status of the portfolio and participating in the strategic definitions that impact the quality of the portfolio.

Risk management policies are established in order to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Bank, to set adequate limits and controls and monitor risks and compliance with limits. The policies and risk management systems are regularly reviewed in order for them to reflect changes in market conditions and the Bank’s activities. It, through its standards and management procedures intends to develop a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (1) Introduction, continued

 

  (a) Risk Management Structure, continued

 

  (ii) Finance, International and Financial Risk Committee

This committee meets monthly to review developments and the current status of financial positions and market, price and liquidity risk. It reviews estimated results from financial positions in order to measure the risk/return ratio of the Bank’s Treasury business, as well as the evolution of and forecasts regarding use of capital. The knowledge of the current state of the market risks allow to forecast potential future loss, with an important confidence level, in the case of adverse transactions in the main market variables or illiquidity (exchange rate, interest rates and options volatility) or tight liquidity (either liquidity of trading in financial instruments or funding liquidity).

Additionally, the Committee reviews the estimated financial results that generate these positions separately, in order to measure the risk-return businesses involved in handling financial positions of the Treasury, the evolution of the use of capital, and the estimated credit risk and market that the Bank will face in the future. The Committee also discussed the international financial exposure and liabilities major credit exposures generated by derivatives transactions.

The Committee is responsible for the design of policies and procedures related to the establishment of limits and alerts financial positions, as well as measurement, control and reporting of the same. Subsequently, policies and procedures are subject to approval by the Bank’s Board.

The Finance, International and Financial Risk Committee comprises the Chairman, four Directors, the General Manager, the Manager of Corporate Risk Division, the Manager of the Corporate and Investment Banking Division, the Manager of Financial Control Division, the Manager of Treasury Division and the Manager of Financial Risk Area.

The Committee meets in regular session once a month and may be cited extraordinary request of the President, two Directors or the General Manager.

 

  (iii) Credit Committees

The corporate governance structure of the Bank provides various credit committees responsible for credit decisions related to the different business segments and the type of risk involved. These committees have higher expression in the Credit Committee of the Board, consisting of the General Manager, the Manager of Corporate Risk Division, and at least three directors who review weekly all operations that exceed UF750,000.

Each credit committee is responsible for defining the terms and conditions of acceptance of counterparty risks considered in the evaluation, and are comprised of members with sufficient powers for decision-making. The Corporate Risk Division participates in an independently and autonomouslyfrom commercial areas.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (1) Introduction, continued

 

  (a) Risk Management Structure, continued

 

  (iv) Portfolio Risk Committee

The main function of the Portfolio Risk Committee is to understand, from a overall perspective, the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio. This is, according to economic sectors, business segments, products, terms and everything that would have a broad view of counterparty risk is assumed. This Committee reviews, in detail, the main exposures by economic groups, debtors and behavioral parameters such as default indicators, past due loans, impairment, charges-off and provisions for loan losses for each segment.

The mission of this Committee is to approve and propose various risk management strategies to the Board. This includes credit policies, portfolio assessment methodologies and the calculation of provisions to cover expected losses. It is also responsible for the sufficiency of provisions; authorizing extraordinary charge-offs when recovery attempts have been exhausted; and management control settlement of assets received in lieu of payments. It also reviews the methodological guidelines for the development of credit risk models, which are assessed on the Technical Committee for the Supervision of internal models.

The Portfolio Risk Committee meets monthly and is composed of the Chairman of the Board, two Directors, the General Manager, the Manager of Corporate Risk Division, the Manager of the Risk Division and the Area Manager Risk Architecture. The Committee may be summoned to an extraordinary request of the President, two Directors or the General Manager.

 

  (v) Treasury

The Bank’s Treasury Division is responsible for managing price risks (interest rates, exchange rates and options volatility) for its Trading and Accrual Portfolios, based on limits approved by the Board of Directors. In addition, it is the sole body responsible for ensuring that the Bank maintains adequate liquidity levels in line with market conditions and the needs of its different business units.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (1) Introduction, continued

 

  (a) Risk Management Structure, continued

 

  (vi) Corporate Risk Division

Banco de Chile has a team with a vast experience and knowledge in each matter related to risks associated with credit, market, operational and technology, which ensures comprehensive and consolidated management of the same, including the Bank and its subsidiaries, identifying and evaluating the risks generated with customers, in their own operations and their suppliers. The focus is on the future, and determining which different techniques and tools may lead to better solvency, liquidity, operations or reputational value for Banco of Chile.

Regarding the management of Credit Risk, the Corporate Risk Division oversees the quality of the portfolio and improving the risk-return tradeoff for all segments of people and companies as the Bank manages the stages of approval, monitoring and recovery of loans granted.

 

  (vii) Operational Risk Committee

The mission of the Operational Risk Committee is to identify, prioritize and set strategies to mitigate key operational risk events, ensure the implementation of the management model, establish tolerances risk, ensure compliance programs, policies and procedures relating to Privacy and Information Security, Business Continuity and Operational Risk for Banco de Chile.

This year the Bank increased the frequency of meetings, creating a monthly Operational Risk Committee, which has become the governing body for Operational Risk Management and Technology Risk management also involves the Directors of the Bank through quarterly presentations to Directors and the Audit Committee on these matters.

The Operational Risk Committee is composed of the General Manager, Division Manager Corporate Risk, Manager of Financial Control Division, Manager of Operations and Technology Division, Manager of Commercial Banking Area and Manager of Operational Risk and Technology.

 

  (b) Internal Audit

Risk management processes throughout the Bank are continually audited by the Internal Audit Area, which analyzes the sufficiency of and compliance with risk management procedures. Internal Audit discusses the results of all evaluations with management and reports its findings and recommendations to the Board of Directors.

 

  (c) Measurement Methodology

In terms of Credit Risk, provision levels and portfolio expenses are the basic measurements used to determine the credit quality of our portfolio.

Risk monitoring and control are performed primarily based on established limits. These limits reflect the Bank’s business and market strategy as well as the risk level it is willing to accept, with added emphasis on selected industry sectors.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (1) Introduction, continued

 

  (c) Measurement Methodology, continued

 

The Bank’s Chief Executive Officer, on a daily basis, and the Finance, International and Market Risk Committee, on a monthly basis, receive a report detailing the evolution of the Bank’s price and liquidity risk, based on both internal and regulator-imposed metrics.

Each year, the Board of Directors is presented with the results of a sufficiency test for allowances for loan loss. This test shows whether the Bank’s existing level of allowances for loan loss, both for the individual and group portfolios, is sufficient, based on historic losses or impairment experienced by the portfolio. The Board of Directors must issue a formal opinion on its sufficiency. The sufficiency test of the Chilean GAAP allowance and the related review by the Board has not resulted in supplementary provisions for our Chilean GAAP allowance, hence nor for our IFRS allowance. However, we consider similar factors for both our IFRS allowance and our Chilean GAAP allowance. If necessary we would adjust our IFRS allowance based on the results of the sufficiency test and the Board review if the underlying reason for the supplemental provision under Chilean GAAP were also an input or model used in our IFRS allowance methodology.

 

  (2) Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that we will incur a loss because a customer or counterparty does not comply with their contractual obligations.

This risk is managed using a global, unified and forward-looking strategy, which recognizes the current and projected economic environment of the markets and segments in which our different businesses are developing and grants appropriate credit treatment to each such market or segment by using risk limits that we are willing to accept from counterparties.

Managing credit risk is, therefore, inherent to our business and must be incorporated into each segment in which we do business: in this way, we hope to achieve an optimum balance between assumed risks and attained returns and properly allocate capital to each business line while complying with regulations and criteria defined by the Board, in order to ensure that the Bank has an appropriate capital base for potential losses that may arise from its credit exposure.

Counterparty limits are established by analyzing financial information, risk ratings, the nature of the exposure, documentation, guarantees, market conditions and the pertinent industry sector, among other factors. The process of monitoring credit quality also includes identifying in advance any possible changes in counterparty’s payment capacity, which enables us to evaluate the potential loss from these risks and take corrective actions.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued
 

 

Individual and SME (Small and Medium Enterprises) Banking

 

  (a) Approval Process

The analysis and credit approval process operates under a differentiated approach according to each market segment, according to three risk models.

These models’ evaluation is focused on markets with customers that do not have business activity. These models ensure compliance in three areas relevant to the admissions process:

Minimum credit profile (scoring)

Borrowing Limits (exposure)

Target Market

The credit profile is determined through statistical models of “Credit Scoring” segmented for different types of customers of the commercial areas in the retail market (Individual and SME Banking). The predictive ability of the models has been essential to successfully address the risk management of the portfolio during crisis scenarios. Risk Management centralizes data entry processes in order to ensure high standards of data quality.

Regarding the target market and borrowing limits, the Bank identifies the market subsegments based on their objectives, business strategies and opportunities, establishing definitions that identify acceptable credit profile of customers, products that will be offered, limits individual exposure and expected returns.

The Bank has also developed a broad level of knowledge regarding selection of customers, with a significant capacity to differentiate between subjects of different credit bases. Using this model, we have developed separate segmented models for the retail market and Banco CrediChile. In the case of our Consumer Finance Division (Banco CrediChile), there are further distinctions for customers, which are separated into the following five sub-segments: retired persons, employees in the public sector, employees in the private sector over 40 years of age, employees in the private sector under 40 years of age and self-employed.

In individual segments there are also sub-segments divided by activity and length of the customer’s relationship with the Bank.

Parametric Model:

The SME (Small and Medium Enterprises) segment is a segment that has developed assessment schemes and ad hoc admission to their characteristics. This segment has defined a parametric model that is responsible for mass segment features a segment as well as case by case analysis. This model considers the evaluation of customers based on three pillars. These are payment behavior internal and external, financial reporting analysis and evaluation of the client’s business. This process yields a parametric evaluation category that summarizes the credit quality of the customer through a rating, which is linked directly to the credit allocations required for each operation. Note that internal audits are performed on an ongoing basis to ensure the quality of the information used.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued
 

 

Individual and SME (Small and Medium Enterprises) Banking, continued

 

  (a) Approval Process, continued
 

 

Additionally, the Corporate Risk Division supports business significantly through the process of pre-approval of loans to customers, to optimize the relation risk-return of these segments. Thus, both the retail market and in the small and medium enterprises has specialized units that generate credit offers, according to predefined strategies for different segments.

 

  (b) Control and Follow up

In the individual banking, control and follow-up focus on constant monitoring of aggregate portfolio’s main indicators and monthly source of new customers.

The most relevant are the following:

 

   

Follow-up of the expected loss of the portfolio through a general model of provisions and back-test of losses for the portfolios that have the maturity required.

 

   

Analysis of new customers and decomposition respective of the loss rate in according to the product, champion / challenger campaigns and segments.

 

   

Follow-up arrears indicators portfolio and its spending detailed by product, customer segment, sales process (pre-approved v / s evaluated), areas, etc. Mainly oriented to early detection of potential sources of risk higher than expected in portfolio, regularization of cases and management of credit policy and campaigns pre-approval.

 

   

Approval and rejection rates applications submitted in the first instance and through appeal, with openings of approvers, branches, etc.

 

   

Follow-up mortgage portfolio in according of policy variables, financing tranches (Loan to Value), deadlines, relation dividend / income customers, segments, income brackets, etc.

 

   

Risk segmentation strategies for collection processes and policies to better integrate loan approval and monitoring processes, aligned behind single vision of customer credit fundamentals

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued

 

Corporate Banking

 

  (a) Approval Process

Case by case model:

This type of analysis applies to wholesale market and corporations. It is characterized by individual assessment expert, which provides the level of risk, transaction amount and complexity of the business, among other variables. This approval process is also supported by a rating model that gives a more uniform assessment and determines the level of credit. In this sense there are a process and consolidated team with high level of experience and expertise in approving appropriations for the various segments and sectors in which the Bank operates. Additionally, to make more effective the admission process, the process of data collection, analysis and discussion of the proposed credit are supported by the areas of credit risk, with the objective of providing top quality to the assessment and achieve better response times to customer requirements.

 

  (b) Control and Follow up

The ongoing control and follow-up of credit risk is the basis for proactive portfolio management and enables risk to be recognized on a timely basis, thus identifying business opportunities and detecting potential impairment before it occurs.

In the wholesale business segment, control and follow-up are realized through a combination of reviews. The most relevant are the following:

 

   

High-level structured portfolio reviews with respect to the impact of specific macroeconomic fluctuations in relevant sectors of activity, defining case-by-case actions plans.

 

   

Constant monitoring system in order to detect early on those customers that show potential risks, agreeing on specific action plans for these customers with the corresponding client servicing team.

 

   

Payment arrears management, backed by predictive indicators of risk level, with follow-up and action plans in the case of our most important customers, plus management of differentiated strategies for early recovery.

 

   

Follow-up of the conditions, restrictions and covenants imposed by the credit committee to all operations requiring it due to their importance or complexity.

 

   

Control of the exposure as well as the sufficiency of guarantees granted in the form of shares, monitoring fluctuations and preparing action plans in the event of insufficient coverage.

 

   

Follow-up schemes of credit behavior variables and borrowers’ financial condition.

Risk segmentation strategies for collections processes and policies to a better integration of loan approval and monitoring processes, aligned behind a single vision of customer credit fundamentals.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued
 

 

Corporate Banking, continued

 

  (c) Derivative Instruments

Counterparty credit exposures generated by derivative transactions are determined utilizing SBIF and internal models.

Credit exposures under the SBIF framework are computed as follows:

Credit Exposure = Maximum (CMTM, 0) + Factor*Notional

CMTM: Current Mark-to-Market of the transaction

Notional: Transaction notional amount

Factor: Factors suggested by the BIS (Bank for International Settlements) in 1996

The exposures computed following SBIF models are measured daily, controlled and reported by counterparty against specific credit lines approved for each of them during the entire life of the transactions.

Additionally, we generate another metric which is the pre-settlement exposure (PSE at 95% confidence level) under internal models, as follows:

PSE =Maximum (CMTM + CEF*Notional, 0)

CMTM: Current Mark-to-Market of the transaction

Notional: Transaction notional amount

CEF: Credit Exposure Factor, which reflects the peak exposure of the transaction under 95% of confidence level

This metric for each counterparty, is currently compared against the credit line at inception only. However, it will be computed on a daily basis from October 2012 onward.

We will have soon two metrics for measuring and reporting credit exposures for derivative transactions: the regulatory one and that calculated under internal models. The former will be used for computing regulatory ratios and the latter will be used for measuring, limiting, controlling and reporting credit exposures generated by these transactions.

Credit mitigating conditions for derivative transactions, such as thresholds, margin calls, etc. have become popular in the local financial markets. Collateral agreements have been demanded by certain banks for inter-banking transactions but the effective application of netting in the case of bank’s default in Chile is doubtful; in fact, Chilean Bank Law allows the intervention of bank under stress by regulatory entities previous to the execution of the default. Therefore, we are not considering credit mitigations for transactions with banks domiciled in Chile. Conversely, netting credit is possible with non-banking corporations and there are a few corporate customers that have accepted netting credit mitigations conditions. In any case, all transactions are documented under a regular Master Agreement, which has been reviewed by the local regulatory entities.

Derivatives transactions closed with counterparts residing abroad (mostly global banks) are documented utilizing ISDA and CSA. Netting and cash collateral above a certain threshold level are the typical credit mitigations in place for this kind of transactions.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued

 

  (d) Portfolio Concentration

Maximum credit risk exposure per counterparty without considering collateral or other credit enhancements as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 does not exceed 10% of the Bank’s Tier 2 capital, which corresponds to Capital plus some adjustments like subordinated bonds, provisions, goodwill, among others.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued

 

The following tables show credit risk exposure per balance sheet item, including derivatives, detailed by both geographic region and industry sector as of December 31, 2011:

 

     Chile     

United

States

     Brazil      Other      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

              

Cash and Due from Banks

     622,082         228,796         —           30,268         881,146   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Assets held-for-trading

              

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

     77,842                  77,842   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     191,857         —           —           162         192,019   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     269,699         —           —           162         269,861   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     47,945         —           —           36         47,981   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative Contracts for Trading Purposes

              

Forwards

     96,723         10,490         —           13,920         121,133   

Swaps

     110,203         117,592         —           30,886         258,681   

Call Options

     1,239         —           —           —           1,239   

Put Options

     2         —           —           —           2   

Futures

     —           —           —           —           —     

Other

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     208,167         128,082                 44,806         381,055   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Hedge Derivative Contracts

              

Forwards

     —           —           —           —           —     

Swaps

     —           —           —           —           —     

Call Options

     —           —           —           —           —     

Put Options

     —           —           —           —           —     

Futures

     —           —           —           —           —     

Other

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans and advances to Banks

              

Central Bank of Chile

     300,819         —           —           —           300,819   

Domestic banks

     15,054         —           —           —           15,054   

Foreign banks

     181,428         —           91,530         59,594         332,552   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     497,301         —           91,530         59,594         648,425   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to Customers (before allowances for loans losses)

              

Commercial loans

     11,020,637         8,952         18,400         165,454         11,213,443   

Residential mortgage loans

     3,508,169         3,984         3,135         92,146         3,607,434   

Consumer loans

     2,528,655         1,960         1,243         33,762         2,565,620   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     17,057,461         14,896         22,778         291,362         17,386,497   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Assets Available-for-Sale

              

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

     412,394         —           —           —           412,394   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     930,323         —           —           —           930,323   

Instruments issued abroad

     21,870         71,740         4,712         30,081         128,403   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,364,587         71,740         4,712         30,081         1,471,120   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets held-to-Maturity

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

    Financial
Services
MCh$
    Government
MCh$
    Retail
(Individuals)
MCh$
    Trade
MCh$
    Manufacturing
MCh$
    Mining
MCh$
    Electricity,
Gas and
Water
MCh$
    Agriculture
and
Livestock
MCh$
    Forestry
MCh$
    Fishing
MCh$
    Transportation
and Telecom
MCh$
    Construction
MCh$
    Services
MCh$
    Other
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Financial Assets

                             

Cash and Due from Banks

    328,933        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          72,759        479,454        881,146   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Assets held-for-trading

                             

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          77,842        77,842   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    191,999        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          20        192,019   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    191,999        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          77,862        269,861   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

    13,619        —          —          2,780        92        512        21,045        —          57        118        5,959        76        156        3,567        47,981   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivative Contracts for Trading Purposes

                             

Forwards

    60,037        —          9        2,006        5,787        1,457        160        5,337        151        326        148        313        101        45,301        121,133   

Swaps

    185,892        672        —          3,933        4,333        59        8,394        18,241        34        906        2,136        909        230        32,942        258,681   

Call Options

    1,167        —          —          68        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          4        1,239   

Put Options

    —          —          —          2        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          2   

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    247,096        672        9        6,009        10,120        1,516        8,554        23,578        185        1,232        2,284        1,222        331        78,247        381,055   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hedge Derivative Contracts

                             

Forwards

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Swaps

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Call Options

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Put Options

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans and advances to Banks

                             

Central Bank of Chile

    300,819        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          300,819   

Domestic banks

    15,054        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          15,054   

Foreign banks

    332,403        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          149        332,552   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    648,276        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          149        648,425   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans to Customers, Net

                             

Commercial loans (*)

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Residential mortgage loans

    5,175        —          3,101,327        71,639        14,687        2,506        —          21,524        2,819        1,442        22,073        15,208        95,712        253,322        3,607,434   

Consumer loans

    3,250        —          1,957,143        40,137        8,599        1,573        9        28,208        1,557        728        16,433        8,022        40,244        459,717        2,565,620   

Financial Assets Available-for-Sale

                             

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank

    217,429        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          194,965        412,394   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    892,287        —          —          2,393        —          67        6,097        —          3,247        —          15,009        2,307        —          8,916        930,323   

Instruments issued abroad

    113,497        —          —          —          —          —          —          14,906        —          —          —          —          —          —          128,403   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    1,223,213        —          —          2,393        —          67        6,097        14,906        3,247        —          15,009        2,307        —          203,881        1,471,120   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets held-to-Maturity

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) See commercial loans by industry sector in Note 10(e).

 

F-134


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

The following tables show credit risk exposure per balance sheet item, including derivatives, detailed by both geographic region and industry sector as of December 31, 2012:

 

     Chile      United
States
     Brazil      Other      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

              

Cash and Due from Banks

     499,473         167,186         —           18,266         684,925   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Assets held-for-trading

     —           —           —           —           —     

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

     72,379         —           —           —           72,379   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     87,303         —           —           —           87,303   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     159,682         —           —           —           159,682   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     35,100         —           —           —           35,100   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative Contracts for Trading Purposes

              

Forwards

     54,438         2,652         —           9,662         66,752   

Swaps

     99,245         123,676         —           35,575         258,496   

Call Options

     439         —           —           33         472   

Put Options

     341         —           —           —           341   

Futures

     —           —           —           —           —     

Other

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     154,463         126,328         —           45,270         326,061   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Hedge Derivative Contracts

              

Forwards

     —           —           —           —           —     

Swaps

     22         —           —           —           22   

Call Options

     —           —           —           —           —     

Put Options

     —           —           —           —           —     

Futures

     —           —           —           —           —     

Other

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     22         —           —           —           22   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans and advances to Banks

              

Central Bank of Chile

     1,100,696         —           —           —           1,100,696   

Domestic banks

     14,309         —           —           —           14,309   

Foreign banks

     80,458         —           109,505         39,313         229,276   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,195,463         —           109,505         39,313         1,344,281   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to Customers (before allowances for loans losses)

              

Commercial loans

     11,580,495         17,534         15,507         128,044         11,741,580   

Residential mortgage loans

     4,090,683         4,277         4,107         99,600         4,198,667   

Consumer loans

     2,792,539         1,922         1,522         35,531         2,831,514   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     18,463,717         23,733         21,136         263,175         18,771,761   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Assets Available-for-Sale

              

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

     251,784         —           —           —           251,784   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     932,028         —           —           —           932,028   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Instruments issued abroad

     —           83,759         4,745         —           88,504   

Subtotal

     1,183,812         83,759         4,745         —           1,272,316   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets held-to-Maturity

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-135


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

    Financial
Services
MCh$
    Government
MCh$
    Retail
(Individuals)
MCh$
    Trade
MCh$
    Manufacturing
MCh$
    Mining
MCh$
    Electricity,
Gas and
Water
MCh$
    Agriculture
and
Livestock
MCh$
    Forestry
MCh$
    Fishing
MCh$
    Transportation
and Telecom
MCh$
    Construction
MCh$
    Services
MCh$
    Other     Total  

Financial Assets

                             

Cash and Due from Banks

    216,843        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          468,082        684,925   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Assets held-for-trading

                              72,379        72,379   

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

    87,115        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          188        87,303   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Instruments issued abroad

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    87,115        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          72,567        159,682   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements Payables

    25,979        —          2,280        3,212        —          —          —          160        —          —          —          1,854        1,615        —          35,100   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivative Contracts for Trading Purposes

                             

Forwards

    61,699        —          1        3,092        1,084        53        75        321        —          114        207        13        93        —          66,752   

Swaps

    232,459        —          —          6,039        5,447        725        4,986        1,819        —          279        5,569        963        210        —          258,496   

Call Options

    354        —          —          92        26        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          472   

Put Options

    85        —          —          215        27        —          —          —          9        5        —          —          —          —          341   

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    294,597        —          1        9,438        6,584        778        5,061        2,140        9        398        5,776        976        303        —          326,061   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hedge Derivative Contracts

                             

Forwards

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Swaps

    22        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          22   

Call Options

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Put Options

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    22        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          22   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans and advances to Banks

                             

Central Bank of Chile

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          1,100,696        1,100,696   

Domestic banks

    14,309        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —            14,309   

Foreign banks

    229,276        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —            229,276   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    243,585        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          1,100,696        1,344,281   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans to Customers, Net

                             

Commercial loans (*)

                             

Residential mortgage loans

    6,609          3,503,474        80,676        15,970        2,702        —          27,697        —          1,840        23,934        17,322        105,181        413,262        4,198,667   

Consumer loans

    3,131          2,557,411        40,109        9,400        1,532        5        33,664        —          840        16,280        9,870        38,440        120,832        2,831,514   

Financial Assets Available-for-Sale

                             

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —            —          —          —          —          251,784        251,784   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    809,035        —          —          18,262        —          5,024        41,309        —          44,303        —          7,640        —          2,164        4,291        932,028   

Instruments issued abroad

    88,504        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          88,504   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    897,539        —          —          18,262        —          5,024        41,309        —          44,303        —          7,640        —          2,164        256,075        1,272,316   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets held-to-Maturity

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) See commercial loans by industry sector in Note 10(e).

 

F-136


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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued

 

  (e) Collaterals and Other Credit Enhancements

The following table contains a detail of the type of collateral that are maintained for mitigate the exposure to credit risk:

 

            Value of collateral and credit enhancements held as of
December 31, 2012
               

Loans to customers:

   Maximum
exposure

to credit
risk
MCh$
     Mortgages
MCh$
     Pledge(*)
MCh$
     Securities
MCh$
     Warrants
MCh$
     Others
MCh$
     Net
collateral

MCh$
     Net
exposure

MCh$
 

Corporate lending

     9,282,374         2,469,231         301,956         855,479         2,665         297,317         3,926,648         5,355,726   

Small business lending

     2,459,206         1,638,485         63,593         42,642         —           50,497         1,795,217         663,989   

Consumer lending

     2,831,514         228,946         8,331         3,569         —           15,983         256,829         2,574,685   

Mortgage lending

     4,198,667         3,965,927         388         957         —           —           3,967,272         231,395   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     18,771,761         8,302,589         374,268         902,647         2,665         363,797         9,945,966         8,825,795   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) Includes agricultural and industrial pledges and pledges without conveyance

The above table presents the value of collateral that the Bank uses for mitigate the exposure risk. These value corresponds to a value that is generally assessed, at a minimum, at inception by a certified appraiser and later, this amount is adjusted by a financial model that considers several different factors (see note 2 (h)).

 

F-137


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued

 

  (e) Collaterals and Other Credit Enhancements, continued

 

The amount and type of collateral required depends on the counterparty’s credit risk assessment.

The Bank has guidelines regarding the acceptability of types of collateral and valuation parameters.

The main types of collateral obtained are:

 

   

For commercial loans: Residential and non-residential real estate, liens and inventory.

 

   

For retail loans: Mortgages on residential property.

The Bank also obtains collateral from parent companies for loans granted to their subsidiaries.

Management makes sure its collateral is acceptable according to both external standards and internal policy guidelines and parameters. The Bank has approximately 182,387 collateral assets, the majority of which consist of real estate.

The Bank also uses the following mitigating tactics for credit risk on derivative transactions:

 

   

Accelerating transactions and net payment using market values at the date of default of one of the parties.

 

   

Option for both parties to terminate early any transactions with a counterparty at a given date, using market values as of the respective date.

 

   

Margins established with time deposits by customers that close FX forwards with subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class

The Bank determines the credit quality of financial assets using internal credit ratings. The rating process is linked to the Bank’s approval and monitoring processes and is carried out in accordance with risk categories established by current standards. Credit quality is continuously updated based on any favorable or unfavorable developments to customers or their environments, considering aspects such as commercial and payment behavior as well as financial information.

The Bank also conducts reviews of companies in certain industry sectors that are affected by macroeconomic or sector-specific variables. Such reviews allow the Bank to timely establish any necessary allowance loan losses that are sufficient to cover losses for potentially uncollectable loans.

 

F-138


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

The following table shows credit quality by asset class for balance sheet items, based on the Bank’s credit rating system.

 

     As of December 31, 2011  
     Individual Portfolio      Group Portfolio         
     Normal
MCh$
     Substandard
MCh$
     Non-complying
MCh$
     Normal
MCh$
     Non-complying
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Financial Assets (*)

                 

Loans and advances to banks

                 

Central Bank of Chile

     300,819         —           —           —           —           300,819   

Domestic banks

     15,059         —           —           —           —           15,059   

Foreign banks

     333,553         —           —           —           —           333,553   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     649,431         —           —           —           —           649,431   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers (before allowances for loan losses)

                 

Commercial loans

     9,412,159         56,405         163,859         1,443,208         137,812         11,213,443   

Residential mortgage loans

     —           —           —           3,543,520         63,914         3,607,434   

Consumer loans

     —           —           —           2,439,495         126,125         2,565,620   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     9,412,159         56,405         163,859         7,426,223         327,851         17,386,497   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Individual Portfolio      Group Portfolio         
     Normal
MCh$
     Substandard
MCh$
     Non-complying
MCh$
     Normal
MCh$
     Non-complying
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Financial Assets

                 

Loans and advances to banks

                 

Central Bank of Chile

     1,100,696         —           —           —           —           1,100,696   

Domestic banks

     14,309         —           —           —           —           14,309   

Foreign banks

     229,276         —           —           —           —           229,276   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,344,281         —           —           —           —           1,344,281   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers (before allowances for loan losses)

                 

Commercial loans

     9,341,403         204,369         145,022         1,864,798         185,988         11,741,580   

Residential mortgage loans

     —           —           —           4,148,374         50,293         4,198,667   

Consumer loans

     —           —           —           2,649,995         181,519         2,831,514   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     9,341,403         204,369         145,022         8,663,167         417,800         18,771,761   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-139


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

Substandard and Non-Complying loans

The following table shows the conciliation between Normal and Impaired Portfolio and classification criteria of impaired loans, which includes some categories of substandard loans:

 

     December     December  
     2011     2012  
     MCh$     MCh$  

Individual Portfolio

    

Substandard (categories B1 – B4)

     56,405        204,369   

Non-complying (categories C1 – C6)

     163,859        145,022   

Group Portfolio

    

Non-complying

     327,851        417,800   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total substandard and non-complying categories (from B1 to C6)

     548,115        767,191   

Total impaired loans (categories B3 – C6) (see Note 10)

     (499,768     (611,281
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal portfolio (categories B1 – B2)

     48,347        155,910   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Categories B3 to C6 present objective evidence of impairment, as a result of the occurrence of one or more conditions or events described below, according to paragraph 59 of IAS 39.

Related to categories B1 and B2 correspond to debtors who have sufficient credit quality, so these categories are not considered impaired.

The classification criteria are the following:

 

Categories

 

Criteria

     
B1 – Normal      Vulnerable ability to make payments, with some difficult in some of them, but debtor regularized payments on a timely basis   
B2 – Normal      Debtor with low but sufficient credit quality   
B3 – Impaired      Debtor with a very low credit quality   
     Weak ability to make payments, and it has shown delinquency in its payments, may need a financial restructuring   
B4 – Impaired      Debtor with minimum credit quality   
     This debtor type presents a history of negative behaviors in the past 12 months   
C1-C6 Impaired      These categories include debtors and their credits, the recovery of which is considered remote, as they present a deteriorating or no ability to pay   
     Debtors with obvious signs of possible bankruptcy, as well as those debtors where a forced restructuring of debt is necessary to avoid default   
     These categories comprise all loans outstanding from debtors that have at least one installment payment of interest or principal overdue for 90 days or more   

 

F-140


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

Analysis of age of past due portfolio loans by type of credit of default:

Terms:

Default 1: 1 to 29 days

Default 2: 30 to 59 days

Default 3: 60 to 89 days

As of December 31, 2011:

 

     Default 1      Default 2      Default 3      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Loans and advances to banks

     19,694         —           —           19,694   

Commercial loans

     16,797         6,206         6,718         29,721   

Import-export financing

     15,802         962         406         17,170   

Factoring transactions

     32,623         4,701         532         37,856   

Commercial lease transactions

     2,201         594         292         3,087   

Other loans and receivables

     1,213         1,115         929         3,257   

Residential mortgage loans

     205         400         379         984   

Consumer loans

     13,732         6,815         5,575         26,122   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     102,267         20,793         14,831         137,891   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012:

 

     Default 1      Default 2      Default 3      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Loans and advances to banks

     52         —           —           52   

Commercial loans

     23,049         20,677         3,774         47,500   

Import-export financing

     22,717         102         193         23,012   

Factoring transactions

     38,976         6,289         1,061         46,326   

Commercial lease transactions

     2,551         750         366         3,667   

Other loans and receivables

     1,269         1,050         920         3,239   

Residential mortgage loans

     1,111         647         457         2,215   

Consumer loans

     16,010         6,775         6,873         29,658   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     105,735         36,290         13,644         155,669   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-141


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

As of December 31, the aging analysis of loans is as follows:

 

     Past due but not impaired  

As of December 31,

   Neither
past
due nor
impaired
MCh$
     Up to
30 days
MCh$
     Over
30 days
and up to
60 days
MCh$
     Over
60 days
and up to
90 days
MCh$
     Over
90 days
and up to
120 days
MCh$
     Over
120  days

MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

2012

     17,976,445         69,796         30,146         12,597         8,816         62,680         18,160,480   

2011

     16,819,212         90,079         10,618         3,372         871         6,527         16,930,679   

 

  (g) Collateral

The value of collateral maintained by the Bank for loans individually classified as impaired as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 is MCh$35,186 and MCh$29,952, respectively.

The value of collateral maintained by the Bank for loans over-due but non-impaired as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 is MCh$104,543 and MCh$214,093, respectively.

 

  (h) Assets Received in Lieu of Payment

The Bank has received assets in lieu of payment totaling MCh$4,608 and MCh$2,556 as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively, the majority of which are properties. All of these assets are managed for sale.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (g) Renegotiated Assets

The impaired loans are considered to be renegotiated when the corresponding financial commitments are restructured and the Bank assesses the probability of recovery as sufficiently high.

The following table details the book value of loans with renegotiated terms per financial asset class:

 

     2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Financial assets

     

Loans and advances to banks

     

Domestic banks

     —           —     

Foreign banks

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers, net

     

Commercial loans

     119,637         96,445   

Residential mortgage loans

     26,286         23,132   

Consumer loans

     192,802         220,451   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     338,725         340,028   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total renegotiated financial assets

     338,725         340,028   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Bank evaluates allowances loan losses in two segments: individually assessed allowances loan losses and group assessed allowances loan losses, which are described in more detail in Note 2(h).

Complementary Information

The renegotiated portfolio of Banco de Chile represents 1.81% of the total loans and the redefault rate of these loans for retail segment is 27.40% as of December 31, 2012 (the Bank does not have this information for other segments for internal purposes).

The most common type of modification is to extend the term of the loan. For payment extensions, depending on the characteristics of each credit, the Bank may change the initial conditions in terms of interest rate and initial grace period for the first payment. With respect to forgiveness of principal, the Bank typically does not give this benefit. The Board of Directors might on rare occasions approve a portion of principal forgiveness on certain credit-operations that have been impaired and provisioned previously. Based on this knowledge, the Bank estimates that about 80% of renegotiated loans extend the maturity date, including a new amortization schedule. Only those borrowers which are considered viable are renegotiated, and that the average term of the commercial credit renegotiated is 38 months, demonstrating the relatively short payment extensions given. If the debtor is not considered to be financially viable, the Bank proceeds to the legal collection of debts.

 

F-143


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (g) Renegotiated Assets, continued

 

The Bank does not have information related to the balance of loans modified by type of concession because is not required to record this information by the local banking regulator and this information is much used by our peers. However, the Bank continually monitors its deteriorated portfolio as defined in Note 2(l)(iv). Also, for internal purposes the renegotiated loan portfolio is analyzed and reviewed as part of the impaired portfolio. Therefore, for management and regulatory (local and IFRS) reporting purposes the bank does not frequently use information on loans modified by types of concession.

The Bank determines the appropriate amount of allowance for loan losses as follows:

The commercial loan renegotiations are always evaluated and approved individually by the credit committee with all the background and history of previous approvals, including financial records, delinquencies or other previous renegotiations of the debtor. Since almost the entire commercial portfolio is individually provisioned, it is in this approval step of the renegotiation where the level of provision for each debtor is determined.

Among the variables that are considered by the credit committee to establish the level of provisions is payment capacity and the collateral coverage. The condition of a new default of a renegotiated credit is considered when the credit committee is establishing the new level of provisions, which in general as a consequence of this higher risk, could increase up to 65% of the loan.

On the other hand, for the portfolio evaluated for provisioning purposes as a group, the models contain past behavior variables, incorporating delinquencies and default prior to renegotiation for six months, recognizing the increased risk and generating a higher level of provisions. The provision can only be decreased if the renegotiated client has good payment behavior (an overdue period of less than 30 days), in a period of over seven months.

Moreover, an operation identified as renegotiation never leaves this classification for purposes of monitoring and provisioning.

 

  (h) Impairment Testing

The main tools used to test loan impairment include an analysis of whether principal or interest payments are more than 90 days past due or if the counterparty is experiencing any known cash flow problems, reductions in credit ratings or default of the original contractual terms.

 

  (i) Off balance sheet accounts

In order to meet our customers’ financial needs, the Bank has extended several irrevocable commitments and contingent obligations. Even though these obligations are not recognized in the balance sheet, they involve credit risk and thus form part of the Bank’s general risk exposure.

Credit risk exposure generated by contingent obligations is disclosed in Note 26.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk

Market Risk is referred as to the potential loss the Bank may incur due to the scarcity of liquidity (Liquidity risk) or due to an adverse change of market factors values such as FX rates, equity prices, interest rates, options volatility, etc (Price risk).

We implement the Market Risk Management task by measuring, limiting, controlling and reporting exposures and risks linked to Liquidity and Price risk.

 

  (a) Liquidity Risk:

Liquidity risk refers as to the inability of the bank to generate liquidity to honor its financial commitments. The bank may generate liquidity by selling assets or borrowing money through the issuance of time deposits and/or bonds (demand deposits contribute to the funding base as well). Equity issuance is not included as an alternative to get liquidity since this is a more structural decision which also takes longer time to be implemented.

The risk of not having liquid secondary markets for liquidating assets (in this case mainly debt instruments since loans are in most cases held up to maturity) is referred as to Trading Liquidity risk; on the other hand, the risk of not having access to funding markets (for any reason, either systemic or due to specific Banco de Chile’s poor perception) is referred as to Funding Liquidity risk.

The Bank measures and monitors the trading liquidity of derivative and debt instruments only. Loans trading activity in Chile is very low and therefore we do not consider selling loans as a source of liquidity. Derivatives trading liquidity is monitored by establishing DV01 limits for certain specific tenors for each yield curve; debt instruments liquidity is monitored through DV01 limits and yield curves and notional limits including segregation by issuer class.

Funding Liquidity is controlled and limited using the regulatory C08 Index report. The C08 Index is computed as the ratio of expected outflows divided by the Tier-1 Capital. Additionally, the Superintendence of Banks and Financial Institutions (hereafter “SBIF”) allows banks, subject to their review of the quality of the models, to report the C08 Index considering behavioral instead of contractual maturity assumptions for some specific balance sheet items (as loans, demand deposits, etc.). In such a case, some portion of the loan portfolio cashflows are modeled as evergreen, i.e. some stake of the loans’ cashflows are rolled-over; some portion of the demand deposits is considered stable and therefore modeled as a non-maturing liability whereas the remaining portion is reported as an outflow, etc. Whenever the inclusion of behavioral assumptions is permitted, this is referred as to the C08 Adjusted Index report. Banco de Chile was granted by the SBIF in 2006 to report the regulatory funding liquidity utilizing the C08 Adjusted Index.

Moreover, the SBIF established the following limits for the C08 index (or for the C08 Adjusted Index, in the case that the bank is authorized by the SBIF to utilize behavioral assumptions) that banks must comply for the net outflows maturing during the next 30 and 90 days:

 

Net foreign currency outflows maturing between 1 and 30 days:   C08 index < 1   
Net outflows (all currencies) maturing between 1 and 30 days:   C08 index < 1   
Net outflows (all currencies) maturing between 1 and 90 days:   C08 index < 2   

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk

 

  (a) Liquidity Risk:

As of December 31, 2012, the 1-30 days Adjusted C08 Index for the foreign currency balance sheet items was reported slightly above than 0.1. The 1-30 days Adjusted C08 Index for all currencies balance sheet items on that date is reported as -0.13; the value of the same index for the period 1 to 90 days is 0.38.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (a) Liquidity Risk, continued

 

The maturity profile of the consolidated financial liabilities of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries, as of 2011 and 2012 end-of-year, is detailed below:

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
    

Between

1 and

3 months
MCh$

    

Between 3

and

12 months

MCh$

    

Between

1 and 3

years
MCh$

    

Between

3 and 5

years
MCh$

    

More

than

5 years
MCh$

    

Total

MCh$

 

Liabilities as of December 31, 2011

                    

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     4,895,426         —           —           —           —           —           4,895,426   

Transactions in the course of payment

     155,424         —           —           —           —           —           155,424   

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

     222,756         446         —           —           —           —           223,202   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     4,441,786         1,951,047         2,607,906         290,481         355         30         9,291,605   

Derivative instruments

     515,787         439,237         244,021         48,804         —           —           1,247,849   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     483,189         800,101         407,649         —           —           —           1,690,939   

Other financial obligations

     89,141         13,738         149,234         423,070         603,744         1,559,965         2,838,892   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total undiscounted financial liabilities (excluding derivatives with offsetting agreements)

     10,803,509         3,204,569         3,408,810         762,355         604,099         1,559,995         20,343,337   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives with offsetting agreements

     671,072         1,066,890         3,637,260         4,068,859         2,616,022         944,230         13,004,333   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

    

Up to 1

month
MCh$

    

Between

1 and

3 months
MCh$

    

Between 3

and
12 months
MCh$

    

Between

1 and 3

years
MCh$

     Between
3 and 5
years
MCh$
    

More

than

5 years
MCh$

    

Total

MCh$

 

Liabilities as of December 31, 2012

                    

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     5,470,971         —           —           —           —           —           5,470,971   

Transactions in the course of payment

     159,218         —           —           —           —           —           159,218   

Accounts Payable from repurchase agreements and security lending

     226,396         —           —           —           —           —           226,396   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     4,271,345         2,508,688         2,814,055         393,247         279         30         9,987,644   

Derivative instruments

     231,117         134,729         321,148         244,826         132,688         236,071         1,300,579   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     135,353         176,467         630,745         141,444         —           —           1,084,009   

Other financial obligations

     876,101         606,477         505,718         898,318         713,053         2,377,962         5,977,629   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total undiscounted financial liabilities (excluding derivatives with offsetting agreements)

     11,370,501         3,426,361         4,271,666         1,677,835         846,020         2,614,063         24,206,446   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives with offsetting agreements

     154,600         79,406         256,717         425,612         229,070         434,677         1,580,082   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Loans-to-deposit ratio for 2011 and 2012 is detailed below:

Loans-to-Deposit Ratio

 

    

December 31,

2011

    

December 31,

2012

 

Maximum

     2.05         2.05   

Minimum

     1.93         1.93   

Average

     1.98         1.98   

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued

 

  (a) Liquidity Risk, continued:

 

Banco de Chile has established internal liquidity triggers, in addition to those required by the regulatory entities in order to cover various aspects not explicitly covered by the regulatory framework, as follows: large funds providers ratios that helps the funding sources diversification; maturity concentration triggers, which avoids large amounts of liabilities maturing in one single day, etc. These and other financial ratios are monthly monitored in order to early detect structural changes of the balance sheet profile.

Additionally, the bank is closely monitoring market triggers, such as interest rates levels, intervention of the FX market by the Central Bank, the 5-year Chile CDS spread, etc. These allow the bank to early prevent systemic crisis due to market conditions.

 

  (b) Price Risk:

Price Risk Measurement and Limits

The Price Risk measurement process is implemented thorough several reports, both regulatory and internal, and also separately for the Trading Book and the Bank Book.

For the Trading Book, the regulatory risk measurement is obtained by using standardized methodologies (referred as to the SBIF C41 report) that estimates the potential loss that the Bank may face considering interest rate positions reported according to its repricing tenors and fluctuations provided by the regulatory entity (these fluctuations are taken from Basel Agreement 1993 standardized tables for the Trading Book risk measurement). The impact due to FX open positions is obtained using huge fluctuations (8% for liquid FX rates and 30% for the illiquid ones). The SBIF does not establish a separate limit for this particular risk but a global one that includes this risk (also called Market Risk Equivalent or MRE) and 10% of the Risk Weighted Assets (also called RAAP assets). The sum of MRE and the 10% of the RAAP assets cannot exceed the 100% of the bank’s Tier-1 Capital. In the future, the Operational Risk will be added to the above sum.

Additionally, the Bank has established internal limits for the Trading Book. In fact, there are limits for the FX net open positions (FX Delta), for the interest rate sensitivities generated by the derivatives and debt securities portfolios (DV01 or also called Rho) and for the FX volatility sensitivity (Vega). Limits are established on an aggregate basis but also for some specific repricing tenor points. The use of these limits are monitored, controlled and reported on a daily basis by independent parties to the senior management of the bank. The internal governance framework also establishes that these limits are approved by the board and must be reviewed at least annually.

From January 2011, the Bank utilizes the parametric VaR (Value-at-Risk or VaR) as a risk measurement tool for trading portfolios. The model includes 99% confidence level; volatility of market factors fluctuations and correlations between them are obtained from historical observed closing rates for one-year period. This VaR number is escalated by 22 days.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

In addition to the parametric measurement, from December 2011, the Bank started reporting the historical VaR (99% confidence level and one-year period for market fluctuations), which is also escalated by 22 days.

The interest rate risk generated by the Bank Book is measured by using standard regulatory tools (referred as to the SBIF C40 report) and internal built-in methodologies. The latter are based on gap analysis of assets/liabilities repricing tenors.

The SBIF C40 report includes models for reporting interest rate gaps and standardized adverse interest rate fluctuations. The regulatory entity has requested from banks to establish internal limits for this regulatory risk measurement. Limits must be established separately for short term and long term portfolios. The short term risk limit must be expressed as a percentage of the NIM and the long term risk limit as a percentage of the Tier-1 Capital. The bank is currently using 25% for both limits. The use of these limits during 2012 is illustrated below:

 

    

Banking Risk Book

Short term

   

Banking Risk Book

Long Term

 

Maximum Use

     10.9     19.4

Average Use

     9.7     18.7

Minimum Use

     7.7     18.1

Additionally, the Bank during 2011 and 2012 finished the implementation of the internal models for measuring, limiting, controlling and reporting interest rate exposures (IRE) and interest rate risks (also called Earnings at Risk or EaR) for the Accrual Book (the Accrual Book includes all balance sheet items, i.e. even some items that are excluded by the regulators in the analysis of the Bank Book, such as Capital and Fixed Assets, for example). The IRE is computed, for each yield curve (Pesos, US Dollars, etc.), as the net impact in the revenues generation after a standardized forward rates fluctuations (100 bps for interest rates and 0.1% monthly for inflation). The EaR is computed as worst adverse net impact in the revenues generation considering a 95% of confidence and a three-year period historical interest rate fluctuations.

Finally, the Market Risk Policy of Banco de Chile enforces to perform daily stress tests for trading portfolios and on a monthly basis for accrual portfolios. The output of the stress testing process is compared to corresponding trigger levels: in the case that triggers are breached, the senior management is notified in order to implement further actions, if necessary. Moreover, intra-month actual P&L for trading activities is compared to some trigger levels: escalation to senior levels is also implemented when breaches occur.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued

 

The following table illustrates the interest rate positions of the Bank Book (repricing tenors) as of December 31, 2011 and 2012:

Accrual Book Interest Rate Exposure by Maturity

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
    

Between

1 and

3 months
MCh$

    

Between 3

and
12 months
MCh$

    

Between

1 and 3

years
MCh$

    

Between

3 and 5

years
MCh$

    

More

than 5

years
MCh$

    

Total

MCh$

 

Assets as of December 31, 2011

                    

Cash and due from banks

     827,381         —           —           —           —           —           827,381   

Transactions in the course of collection

     295,420         —           —           —           —           —           295,420   

Receivables from repurchase agreements and security borrowing

     10,023         —           —           —           —           —           10,023   

Derivative instruments

     173,624         64,468         195,555         —           —           —           433,647   

Loans and advances to banks

     390,315         58,436         172,557         31,678         —           —           652,986   

Loans to customers, net

     3,019,622         2,342,355         4,343,456         4,091,996         1,920,759         4,537,489         20,255,677   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     121,318         235,860         301,013         194,846         281,719         530,203         1,664,959   

Financial assets held-to-maturity

     —           —           —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     4,837,703         2,701,119         5,012,581         4,318,520         2,202,478         5,067,692         24,140,093   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

    

Up to 1

month
MCh$

    

Between

1 and

3 months
MCh$

    

Between 3

and
12 months
MCh$

    

Between

1 and 3

years
MCh$

    

Between

3 and 5

years
MCh$

    

More

than 5

years
MCh$

    

Total

MCh$

 

Assets as of December 31, 2012

                    

Cash and due from banks

     653,511         —           —           —           —           —           653,511   

Transactions in the course of collection

     366,036         —           —           —           —           —           366,036   

Accounts receivable from repurchase agreements and security borrowing

     582         —           —           —           —           —           582   

Derivative instruments

     128,964         81,085         150,971         7,463         21,564         110,414         500,461   

Loans and advances to banks

     1,152,648         14,731         178,761         —           —           —           1,346,140   

Loans to customers, net

     3,172,424         2,390,933         4,769,542         4,329,131         2,083,220         5,314,078         22,059,328   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     57,370         178,055         381,448         235,786         192,490         323,967         1,369,116   

Financial assets held-to-maturity

     —           —           —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     5,531,535         2,664,804         5,480,722         4,572,380         2,297,274         5,748,459         26,295,174   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued

 

The tables below included projected contractual interest, as of December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 

    

Up to 1

month
MCh$

    

Between

1 and

3 months
MCh$

    

Between 3

and
12 months
MCh$

    

Between 1

and 3 years

MCh$

     Between
3 and 5
years
MCh$
    

More

than 5

years
MCh$

    

Total

MCh$

 

Liabilities as of December 31, 2011

                    

Current accounts and demand deposits

     4,906,774         —           —           —           —           —           4,906,774   

Transactions in the course of payment

     87,821         —           —           —           —           —           87,821   

Accounts payable from repurchase agreements and security lending

     48,578         —           —           —           —           —           48,578   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     4,451,516         1,952,826         2,639,046         343,867         82,220         30         9,469,505   

Derivative instruments

     1,739         3,119         20,276         167,445         78,059         246,035         516,673   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     498,777         788,018         401,493         —           —              1,688,288   

Debt issued

     20,262         24,436         142,005         521,265         700,642         1,759,365         3,167,975   

Other financial obligations

     111,134         1,368         7,457         17,548         12,650         39,466         189,623   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     10,126,601         2,769,767         3,210,277         1,050,125         873,571         2,044,896         20,075,237   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
    

Between

1 and

3 months
MCh$

     Between 3
and
12 months
MCh$
    

Between 1

and 3 years
MCh$

    

Between

3 and 5
years
MCh$

    

More

than 5

years
MCh$

    

Total

MCh$

 

Liabilities as of December 31, 2012

                    

Current accounts and demand deposits

     5,531,827         —           —           —           —           —           5,531,827   

Transactions in the course of payment

     127,611         —           —           —           —           —           127,611   

Accounts payable from repurchase agreements and security lending

     5,268         —           —           —           —           —           5,268   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     4,223,812         2,371,455         2,908,748         417,885         279         30         9,922,209   

Derivative instruments

     3,903         3,477         26,924         175,376         83,186         260,272         553,138   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     304,070         450,332         348,390         —           —           —           1,102,792   

Debt issued

     119,449         162,656         253,617         683,676         689,980         2,337,558         4,246,936   

Other financial obligations

     96,108         1,373         7,246         15,543         11,432         34,754         166,456   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     10,412,048         2,989,293         3,544,925         1,292,480         784,877         2,632,614         21,656,237   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued

 

Price Risk Sensitivity Analysis

The Bank has focused on stress tests as the main measurement tool for analyzing price risk sensitivity. The analysis is implemented for the Trading Book and the Accrual Book separately. After the financial crisis occurred in 2008-10 and based on the various studies and analyses made on this specific matter, the Bank adopted this tool when it notices that stress testing it is more reliable than normal distribution instruments such as parametric VaR for trading portfolios, since:

 

  (a) The recent financial crisis shows fluctuations that are materially higher than those used through VaR with 99% of confidence level.

 

  (b) The recent financial crisis shows also that correlations between these fluctuations that are materially different to those used through VaR, since crisis precisely indicate severe disconnections between the behaviors of market factors respect to the patterns normally observed.

 

  (c) Trading liquidity dramatically decreased in emerging markets during the financial crisis (in the case of Chile too) and therefore, the escalation of the daily VaR is a very gross approximation of the expected loss.

Stress tests are produced observing historical events and collecting market factors data.

The former allow the Bank to gauge actual distress events in terms of magnitude but mainly focused on detecting unusual fluctuations.

The latter gives the Bank the technical background for implementing statistical analysis. An updated database is maintained including historical data of foreign exchange rates, debt instruments yields to maturity, derivatives swap yields, foreign exchange volatilities, etc. that enable the Bank to maintain updated records of historical volatility of market factors fluctuations and correlations between these ones.

Given the above, the stress tests may be implemented modeling directional fluctuations but also knowing the magnitude of the modeled fluctuations relative to statistical data and also how frequent the fluctuation modeled occurred in the past.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

In order to comply with IFRS 7.40, we include the following exercise illustrating an estimation of the impact of feasible but reasonable fluctuations of interest rates, swaps yield, foreign exchange rates and foreign exchange volatilities embedded in the Trading and Accrual portfolios. Given that the Bank’s portfolio includes positions denominated in nominal and real interest rates, these fluctuations must be aligned with realistic inflation changes forecast. The exercise is implemented in a very simplistic way: trading portfolios impacts are estimated by multiplying DV01s by expected interest rates shifts; accrual portfolios impacts are computed by multiplying cumulative gaps by forward interest rates modeled fluctuations. However, this methodology includes the limitation that the interest rates convexity is not properly captured when material fluctuations are modeled; additionally, neither convexity nor prepayments behaviors are captured for the accrual portfolio analysis. In any case, given the magnitude of the shifts, the methodology may be accurate enough for the purposes and scope of the analysis.

The following table illustrates the fluctuations modeled and used in the stress testing process. Bonds yields, derivatives yields, FX rates, FX CLP/USD volatility and inflation fluctuations are shown for each tenor point. Equity prices fluctuations are not included given that the positions held in the stockbrokerage house (Banchile Corredores de Bolsa SA) are negligible. In fact, equity positions are typically very small given that this legal vehicle is mostly focused on customer-driven transactions (brokerage service or equity swaps transactions closed with customers).

The directions of these fluctuations were chosen between four scenarios (two positive economic scenarios and two negative economic scenarios) in order to generate the worst impact within the four above mentioned:

 

Market Factor Fluctuations: most adverse scenario

 
     CLP
Derivatives
(bps)
    CLP
Bonds
(bps)
    CLF
Derivatives
(bps)
    CLF
Bonds
(bps)
    USD
Offshore 3m
Derivatives
(bps)
    Spread
USD
On/Off
Derivatives
(bps)
     Vol FX
CLP/USD

(%)
    Inflation’s
Change
Period n-1 to n
(Monthly Basis)
(%)
 

3 m

     (110     (101     410        395        (4     335         8.0     (0.47 )% 

6 m

     (142     (114     49        41        (5     258         6.6     0.02

9 m

     (157     (121     (37     (34     (6     246         5.9     (0.08 )% 

1 yr

     (171     (123     (30     (12     (7     224         5.4     (0.27 )% 

2 yrs

     (166     (111     (10     10        (24     163         5.4     (0.06 )% 

4 yrs

     (225     (128     (48     (31     (38     78         —          (0.02 )% 

6 yrs

     (205     (125     (67     (58     (45     76         —          —     

10 yrs

     (157     (131     (97     (99     (54     83         —          0.02

16 yrs

     (147     (129     (98     (99     (62     83         —          (0.02 )% 

20 yrs

     (148     (131     (101     (101     (65     83         —          (0.02 )% 

Bps = Basis points

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued

 

The impact on the Trading Book, as the result of the interest rate fluctuations illustrated above, is the following as of December 31st 2012:

POTENTIAL P&L IMPACT

TRADING BOOK

MOST ADVERSE SCENARIO

 

     MCh$  

CLP Interest Rate

     (3,170

Derivatives

     (3,197

Securities

     27   
  

 

 

 

CLF Interest Rate

     (3,157

Derivatives

     (1,867

Securities

     (1,290
  

 

 

 

USD, EUR, JPY Offshore Interest Rate

     (175

USD, EUR, JPY On/Off Spread

     (107
  

 

 

 

Total Interest Rate

     (6,609
  

 

 

 

Total FX

     171   
  

 

 

 

Total Vega FX

     451   
  

 

 

 

Potential P&L Impact: Interest Rate + FX + Vega

     (5,987
  

 

 

 

Banco de Chile Expected P&L (12 Months)

     490,000   
  

 

 

 

Banco de Chile Tier1 Capital

     2,007,573   
  

 

 

 

Potential P&L Impact / (Tier1 Capital + Expected P&L next 12 months)

     (0.2 )% 
  

 

 

 

Potential P&L Impact / (expected 12 months annual)

     (1.2 )% 
  

 

 

 

The scenario modeled would generate losses in the Trading Book up to Ch$ 6,000 MM or slightly above USD 12 MM. In any case, these huge fluctuations would not result in material losses compared to the expected P&L for the next twelve months or the Tier 1 Capital.

The impact of such fluctuations in the Accrual portfolio, which is not necessarily a gain/loss but greater/lower net revenue from funds (NRFF) generation, is illustrated below:

POTENTIAL MARGINAL NRFF ACCRUAL

BOOK (next 12 months)

 

     MCh$  

Higher/(Lower NRFF)

     (62,925
  

 

 

 

CLP Book

     (61,007

CLF Book

     (3,289

FCY Book

     1,371   

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued

 

The main impact would occur in the CLP book, as the result of a severe drop in the inflation levels. The lower net revenues from funds in the following 12 months would reach CH$ 63,000 MM, which is equivalent to 3.14% of the Tier 1 Capital.

Finally, the next table illustrates the shadow mark-to-market impact (the impact on our Capital base but not on income) in the AFS portfolio due to the referred interest rate fluctuations:

AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO IMPACT

ADVERSE SCENARIO

 

Instrument   

DV01(+1 bps)

(USD)

   

Impact
due to
interest
rate
change

(USD)

   

Impact due to
interest rate change

(MCh$)

 

CLP

     (86,798     (3.4     (1,645

CLF

     (362,128     (26.6     (12,732

USD

     (187,511     (16.0     (7,670
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

       (46.0     (22,047
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (4) Capital Requirements and Capital Management:

The main objectives of the Bank’s capital management are to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, maintain a strong credit rating and capital ratios. During 2012, the Bank fully complied with demanded capital requirements.

As part of its Capital Management Policy, the Bank has established capital adequacy alerts, values more stringent than those required by the regulator, which are monitored on an ongoing basis. A date has not been activated any alerts on defined internal Capital Management Policy.

The Bank manages capital by making adjustments considering changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of their business. For this, the Bank may adjust the amount of dividend payment to shareholders or issue capital instruments.

The Bank actively manages and core capital to cover the risks inherent in their business. The Bank’s capital adequacy is monitored using, among other measures, rates and rules established by the SBIF.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (4) Capital Requirements and Capital Management, continued:

 

Regulatory Capital

In accordance with the Chilean General Banking Law, the Bank must maintain a minimum ratio of Effective Equity to Consolidated Risk-Weighted Assets of 8%, net of required provisions, and a minimum ratio of Basic Capital to Total Consolidated Assets of 3%, net of required provisions. However, due to the 2008 merger of Banco de Chile and Citibank Chile, the Superintendency of Banks (SBIF), in Resolution N° 209 from December 26, 2007, increased the limit on the Bank’s ratio of effective equity to risk-weighted assets to 10%. In this context, the SBIF ratified the use of the 10% as minimum fixed in December 2001 when authorizing merge by absorption of Banco Edwards in Banco de Chile.

For this purpose, Effective Equity is determined based on Capital and Reserves or Basic Capital, adjusted by: (a) adding subordinated bonds up to 50% of Basic Capital, (b) adding additional loan provisions, and (c) subtracting the asset balance of goodwill or overpayments and (d) adding unconsolidated investments in companies.

Assets are weighted using risk categories, which are assigned a risk percentage based on the capital needed to back each asset. There are 5 risk categories (0%, 10%, 20%, 60% and 100%). For example, cash, due from banks and financial instruments issued by the Chilean Central Bank have 0% risk, which means, in accordance with current standards, no capital is required to back these assets. Property and equipment have 100% risk, which means that minimum capital equivalent to 8% of the value of these assets is needed (10% in the case of Banco de Chile).

All derivative instruments traded off-market are taken into account to determine risk assets using conversion factors over notional values, thus calculating the value of the credit risk exposure (or “credit equivalent”). For weighting purposes, “credit equivalent” also considers off-balance sheet contingent loans.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (4) Capital Requirements and Capital Management, continued:

 

Levels of Tier 1 (Capital Básico) and Tier 2 (Patrimonio Efectivo) as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 are as follows:

 

     Consolidated assets      Risk-weighted assets  
     2011      2012      2011      2012  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Balance sheet assets (net of provisions)

           

Cash and due from banks

     881,146         684,925         16,472         832   

Transactions in the course of collection

     373,639         310,077         100,236         53,978   

Financial Assets held-for-trading

     269,861         159,682         78,314         55,025   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     47,981         35,100         47,981         35,100   

Derivative instruments

     381,055         326,083         378,788         328,642   

Loans and advances to banks

     648,425         1,343,322         335,562         231,182   

Loans to customers, net

     17,023,756         18,383,958         15,555,760         16,658,476   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     1,471,120         1,272,316         488,760         416,938   

Financial assets held-to-maturity

     —           —           —           —     

Investments in other companies

     13,196         11,674         15,418         13,933   

Intangible assets

     81,026         75,610         33,757         33,151   

Property and equipment

     207,888         205,189         207,887         205,189   

Investment properties

     17,079         16,698         

Current tax assets

     —           —           141         268   

Deferred tax assets

     60,025         55,801         11,628         12,714   

Other assets

     279,804         317,765         229,650         296,879   
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

           17,500,354         18,342,307   

Off-balance-sheet assets

           
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Contingent loans

     3,484,007         3,945,940         2,084,517         2,367,215   
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total risk-weighted assets

           19,584,871         20,709,522   
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2011      As of December 31, 2012  
     MCh$      %      MCh$      %  

Tier 1 (*)

     1,739,173         6.85         2,007,057         7.33   

Tier 2

     2,529,135         12.91         2,738,311         13.22   

 

(*) Tier 1 corresponds to equity attributable to equity holders in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Own assets securitizations:

During 2012, the Bank entered into a non-recourse securitization issuance and assignment agreement with the subsidiary Banchile Securitizadora S.A., whereby two fixed rate commercial loans were transferred. Then Banchile Securitizadora S.A. created the Segregated Equity (“Patrimonio Separado”) according to the title XVIII of the law No. 18,045. The securitized assets finally became part of the separated equity in order to support the series A bond issuance, which was fully transferred to third parties.

As of the transaction date, the book value of the credits assigned was MCh$30,276 and the effective amount received in the transference was MCh$30,407, which generated income of MCh$131 and also a credit provisions release for MCh$24. Furthermore, the subsidiary Banchile Securitizadora S.A. charged a commission of MCh$160 to the bank for debt structured process services.

The bank acquired the subordinated bond (serie C) issued by Segregated Equity in Ch$22,485 equivalent to UF 1 (Unidad de Fomento), which represented less than 0.001% of the total amount of the Bond issued by Segregated Equity, which amounted MCh$30,407 (par value amounted MCh$30,196). This bond was registered in available-for-sale and as of December 31, 2012 its fair value is Ch$22,841, this amount represents the maximum exposure of the bank will have in this transaction.

The Segregated Equity will pay to the Bank an annual fee equivalent to UF430 for collection concept. The bank analyzed all the relevant aspects of the transaction, according to the NIC 39 and the SIC 12, related to assets derecognized and consolidation rules. In this regard the bank concludes that it (i) has substantially transferred all benefits and risks of assets assigned to the Segregated Equity; (ii) does not manage directly or indirectly the activities of the segregated equity; (iii) does not have decision rights which allow it to obtain substantial benefits from the assets assigned; and (iv) does not maintain any control over assets assigned or the Segregate Equity. As a consequence, the bank proceeded to derecognized the credits involved in the transaction and have not consolidated them with the Segregated Equity.

 

Additional information regarding the transaction

      

Securitized asset value as of December 31, 2012

   MCh$ 24,795   

Securitized bond value as of December 31, 2012

   MCh$ 24,644   

Securitized assets - remaining term

     5 years   

Securitized bond - remaining term

     5 years   

Rate securitized assets

     UF + 4.83

Rate securitized bond

     UF + 4.54

During 2012 and 2011, the bank did not executed any other securitization transaction involving its own assets.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements:

The following is a summary of new standards, interpretations and improvements to the international accounting standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) which have not yet come into effect as of December 31, 2012, as per the following detail:

IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements

This improvement clarifies the differences between voluntary additional comparative information and the minimum required comparative information. Generally, the minimum required comparative information is the previous period.

Management estimates that this change will not have significant impacts on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

IAS 19 Employee Benefits

The amendments to IAS 19 (1,998) remove the option to defer the recognition of actuarial gains and losses (the “corridor method”), streamline the presentation of changes in assets and liabilities arising from defined benefit plans and enhance the disclosure requirements for defined benefit plans. Entities are required to apply amendments in the annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, or earlier.

According to the assessment made, this change will not have significant impacts on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

IAS 27 Separate Financial Statements

This standard amended in May 2011, and supersedes IAS 27 (2008). The scope of this standard is restricted only for separate financial statements, as the concept related to the definition of control and consolidation were removed and included in IFRS 10.

Entities are required to apply amendments in the annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and early adoption is permitted in conjunction with IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 and the amendment to IAS 28.

Banco de Chile does not have separate financial statements, so this regulatory change will not significantly impact the Consolidated Financial Statements.

IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Venture

This standard was reissued in May 2011, regulates the accounting treatment of application of the equity method to investments in joint ventures. Entities are required to apply amendments in the annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and early adoption is permitted in conjunction with IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 and the amendment to IAS 27.

Banco de Chile does not have investments in associates or joint ventures, so this regulatory change will not significantly impact the Consolidated Financial Statements.

IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation

The amendments issued in December 2011 clarify the meaning of “currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off”. The amendments also clarify the application of the IAS 32 offsetting criteria to settlement systems (such as central clearing house systems) which apply gross settlement mechanisms that are not simultaneous. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014 and early adoption is permitted.

In May 2012, the amendments remove a perceived inconsistency between IAS 32 and IAS 12 and indicate that the income tax relating to distributions to holders of an equity instrument and to transaction costs of an equity transaction should be accounted for in accordance with IAS 12 “Income Taxes”.

This amendment shall apply retroactively for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. Earlier application is permitted.

According to current rules about netting in force in Chile, this rule will not significantly impact the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting

The amendment aligns the disclosure requirements for total segment assets with total segment liabilities in interim financial statements. This clarification also ensures that interim disclosures are aligned with annual disclosures.

According to the assessment carried out, this policy change will not significantly impact the Consolidated Financial Statements.

IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures

In December 2011, the required disclosures were amended to include information that will enable users of an entity’s financial statements evaluate the effect or potential effect of netting arrangements, including rights of set-off associated with the entity’s recognized financial assets and recognized financial liabilities, on the entity’s financial position. The new disclosures are required for all recognized financial instruments that are set off in accordance with IAS 32 – Financial instruments: Presentation. The disclosures also apply to recognised financial instruments that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are set off in accordance with IAS 32. An entity shall apply those amendments for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

According to the assessment made, this regulatory change will not significantly impact the Consolidated Financial Statements. It will require additional disclosures, which we are in the process of preparing, for the next quarterly financial statements.

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments: Financial liabilities

In October, 2010, the IASB added requirements for classifying and measuring financial liabilities to IFRS 9. Most of the added requirements were carried forward unchanged from IAS 39. However, the requirements relating to the fair value option of financial liabilities were changed to address the issue of credit risk in response to consistent feedback from users of financial statements and others that the effects of changes in a liability’s credit risk ought not to affect profit or loss unless the liability is held for trading.

The mandatory effective date on annual periods begins on or after January 1, 2015.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement

In November 2009, the IASB issued IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments,” the first step in its project to replace IAS 39, “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”. IFRS 9 introduces new requirements for classifying and measuring financial assets that are in the scope of the application of IAS 39. This new regulation requires that all financial assets be classified by function of the entity’s business model for the management of financial assets and of the characteristics of the contractual cash flows of financial assets. A financial asset shall be measured at amortized cost if two criteria are satisfied: (a) the objective of the business model is to maintain a financial asset to receive contractual cash flows and (b) contractual cash flows represent principal and interest payments. Should a financial asset not comply with the aforementioned conditions, it will be measured at fair value. In addition, this standard allows a financial asset that fulfills the criteria to be valued at amortized cost to be designated at fair value with changes in income under the fair value option, as long as this significantly reduces or eliminates an accounting asymmetry. Likewise, IFRS 9 eliminates the requirement of separating embedded derivatives from the underlying financial assets. Therefore, it requires that a hybrid contract be classified entirely in amortized cost or fair value.

IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning as of January 1, 2015, and allows adoption prior to that date. IFRS 9 must be applied retroactively, however if it is adopted before January 1, 2012, there is no need to reformulate comparative periods.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are assessing the possible impact of adoption of these changes on the Consolidated Financial Statements; however, that impact will depend on the assets maintained by the institution as of the adoption date. It is not practicable to quantify the effect on the issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements. To date, neither of these standards has been approved by the Superintendency of Banks, which approval is required for their application.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statement

In May 2011 the IASB issued IFRS 10 establishing a new definition of control that applies to all entities including “special purpose entities” or “structured entities” as they are now referred to in the new standards. The changes introduced by IFRS 10 will require management to exercise significant judgment to determine which entities are controlled, and therefore which are required to be consolidated by a parent.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are evaluating the possible impact that the adoption of this standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements. However, it will require additional disclosures, which we are in the process of preparing, for the next quarterly financial statements.

IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 11 which replaces IAS 31 “Interest in Joint Ventures” and SIC-13 “Jointly-Controlled Entities- Non-monetary Contributions by Ventures”.

IFRS 11 eliminated the option to record the value of investments in a joint venture using proportionate consolidation or recognize its assets and liabilities as its relative shares of those items, if any. The new standards require use of the equity method.

This new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

According to assessments made, this regulatory change will not significantly impact the Consolidated Financial Statements.

IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 12 which replaces the disclosure requirements previously included in IAS 27, IAS 31 and IAS 28. This new standard is aimed at concentrating by a single regulatory body disclosure of subsidiaries, joint agreements, associates and structured entities. One of the most significant changes introduced by IFRS 12 is the requirement that the parent disclose the judgment that management has made to determine that it has control to consolidate or not consolidate different entities. The new disclosures will help users of financial statements evaluate the nature and risks associated with interests in other entities and the effects of those interests on the financial statements.

This new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

According to the assessments made, this regulatory change will not significantly impact the Consolidated Financial Statements. It will require additional disclosures, which we are in the process of preparing, for the next quarterly financial statements.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement

In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. This new standard establishes a new definition of Fair Value (this definition converges with generally accepted accounting principles in United State). This new standard does not change when an entity must or may use fair value, but changes how to measure the fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

These new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

According to the assessments made, this policy change will not significantly impact the Consolidated Financial Statements; however the Bank is preparing its disclosures to comply with the further information requests of this rule. This rule will be applicable only if the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions allows its adoption.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

44. Subsequent Events:

 

  (a) According to Note 27 (b) of Equity as of March 31, 2013, the Chile-T shares have been fully subscribed and paid. Consequently the total capital increases for an amount of MCh$253,244 (net proceeds).

 

  (b) In the Ordinary Meeting No. 2,769 held on the January 24, 2013, the Board of Directors of Banco de Chile resolved to call an Ordinary Shareholders Meeting to be held on the March 21, 2013 with the objective of proposing, among other matters, the distribution of the Dividend number 201 of Ch$3.41625263165 per every one of the 88.037.813.511 “Banco de Chile” shares, which will be payable at the expense of the distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, corresponding to 70% of such income.

At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 21, 2013, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2012, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, with a value of Ch$71.97 per share, which will be distributed to the shareholders at the fixed rate of 0.02034331347 fully paid-in shares per share currently held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396.

 

  (c) In the Ordinary Shareholder Meeting, held on March 21, the distribution and payment of dividend No.201, was approved in the amount of CLP$3,41625263165 per Banco de Chile common share, with a charge to the 2012 net distributable income of Banco de Chile.

 

  (d) On March 26, 2013 the Central Bank of Chile communicated to Banco de Chile that in the Extraordinary Session, No, 1742E, the Board of the Central Bank of Chile resolved to request that its surplus from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, including its proportional percentage of the profits agreed upon capitalization, be paid in cash.

In Management’s opinion, there are no other significant subsequent events that affect or could affect the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bank and its subsidiaries between December 31, 2012 and the date of issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

 

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SIGNATURE

The registrant, Banco de Chile, hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

BANCO DE CHILE

By  

/s/ Arturo Tagle Q.

  Name:   Arturo Tagle Q.
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer

Date: April 26, 2013